The Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary is an indispensable research tool for the study of Old Frisian, Germanic languages, and Proto-Indo- European. With this first etymological dictionary of Old Frisian based on the lexicon of Riustring 1 manuscript, Old Frisian becomes accessible to a wide circle of scholars of Germanic and Indo-European. The latest insights of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics have been systematically incorporated. The entries are provided with a meticulous analysis of Old Frisian dialectal forms, with Proto-Frisian reconstructions, and with a wealth of Germanic and Indo- European cognates. Due to the lack of lexicographical tools, Old Frisian cognates are rarely included in current etymological dictionaries of Germanic and Indo-European, despite the fact that Old Frisian can often provide important clues for the reconstruction. At the same time, it is difficult for the students of Old Frisian to acquire knowledge of the linguistic prehistory of this language. The Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary is an indispensable research tool for the study of Old Frisian, Germanic languages, and Proto-Indo-European.

The standard intermediate reference for ancient Greek.

Haina ia mai ana ka puana. This familiar refrain, sometimes translated ""Let the echo of our song be heard,"" appears among the closing lines in many nineteenth-century chants and poems. From earliest times, the chanting of poetry served the Hawaiians as a form of ritual celebration of the things they cherished-the beauty of their islands, the abundance of wild creatures that inhabited their sea and air, the majesty of their rulers, and the prowess of their gods. Commoners as well as highborn chiefs and poet-priests shared in the creation of the chants. These haku mele, or ""composers,"" the commoners especially, wove living threads from their own histoic circumstances and everyday experiences into the ongoing oral tradition, as handed down from expert to pupil, or from elder to descendant, generation after generation. This anthology embraces a wide variety of compositions: it ranges from song-poems of the Pele and Hiiaka cycle and the pre-Christian Shark Hula for Ka-lani-opuu to postmissionary chants and gospel hymns. These later selections date from the reign of Ka-mehameha III (1825-1854) to that of Queen Liliu-o-ka-lani (1891-1893) and comprise the major portion of the book. They include, along with heroic chants celebrating nineteenth-century Hawaiian monarchs, a number of works composed by commoners for commoners, such as Bill the Ice Skater, Mr. Thurston's Water-Drinking Brigade, and The Song of the Chanter Kaehu. Kaehu was a distinguished leper-poet who ended his days at the settlement-hospital on Molokai.

Learn more Igbo words The Igbo Children's Dictionary is an illustrated dictionary for your multilingual child to develop their Igbo and English reading skills. Contains over 200 simple nouns for every day use. Discover the joy of reading in Igbo and English together with your multilingual child. Suitable for children 8 to 12 years old.

This is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Italian, which can be used independently or alongside Modern Italian Grammar. Divided into three sections, this highly useful text includes: exercises based on essential grammatical structures everyday functions practice such as making introductions and expressing needs realistic role plays in short scenes, set in a range of different contexts. Implementing feedback from its predecessor, this updated second edition features exercises graded on a three-point scale according to their level of difficulty and cross-referencing to the Modern Italian Grammar for each. Also containing a comprehensive answer key for checking progress, this is a complete reference work suitable for both class-use and self-study.

The Routledge Course in Modern Mandarin Chinese is a two-year undergraduate course for students with no prior background in Chinese study which takes students from complete beginner to post-intermediate level. Designed to build a strong foundation in both the spoken and written language it develops all the basic skills such as pronunciation, character writing, word use and structures, while placing strong emphasis on the development of communicative skills. Each level of the course consists of a textbook and workbook, available separately in simplified or traditional character editions. A companion website will provide expanded listening files and a broad range of resources for students and teachers. The benefits of this course include: focus on the long-term retention of vocabulary, characters and structures by reiterating structures and vocabulary throughout the book series; carefully selected and staged introduction of characters with staged removal of pinyin to ensure recognition and use of characters; clear and jargon-free explanations of use and structures, that are easy for students and teachers to understand; extensive workbook exercises for homework, independent study, and classroom use focusing on all language skills and modalities including a vast inventory of carefully structured exercises focusing on listening comprehension, reading for information, and writing for communication;an extensive inventory of classroom activities that guide students to develop communication-based speaking and listening skills; a list of communication goals and key structures for each lesson allowing the student to assess progress; cultural notes explaining the context of the dialogues; language FAQs explaining aspects of Chinese language as they relate to the content and vocabulary in the lesson; storyline following a group of students studying in China from Europe, North America and East Asia, making the book attractive to a variety of students and facilitating the introduction of Chinese culture; full-color text design for the textbook and carefully matched designs for the traditional and simplified books, allowing for easy cross-reference The course is also fully supported by an interactive companion website. The website contains a wealth of additional resources for both teachers and students. Teachers will find lesson plans in both English and Mandarin, providing a weekly schedule and overall syllabus for fall and spring, as well as activities for each lesson and answer keys. Students will be able to access downloadable character practice worksheets along with interactive pronunciation, vocabulary and character practice exercises. All the audio material necessary for the course is also available onliine and conveniently linked on screen to the relevant exercises for ease-of-use.

Morphosyntax of Verb Movement discusses the phenomenon of Dutch, present in many Germanic languages, that the finite verb is fronted in main clauses but not in embedded clauses. The theoretical framework adopted is the so-called Minimalist Program of Chomsky (1995), the latest developmental stage of generative grammar. Taking issue with previous analyses, the author argues that phrase structure in Dutch is uniformly head initial, and that the finite verb moves to different positions in subject initial main clauses and in inversion constructions. The book contains lucid and detailed discussion of many theoretical issues in connection with the Minimalist Program, such as the relation between syntax and morphology, the nature of syntactic licensing, and the structure of the functional domain. At the same time, it offers a survey of the properties of Dutch syntax, a discussion of previous analyses of Dutch syntax and a wealth of material from dialects of Dutch and other Germanic languages.

Written specifically for the latest CSEC Spanish syllabus by an author with over 37 years' experience teaching Spanish in the Caribbean. - Reflects Caribbean contexts in the reading material and includes specific Spanish cultural information in every lesson - Combines traditional exercises with modern ways to engage students, including opportunities to write their own compositions - Provides exam support with questions presented in the CXC format and unique guidance on how to do well in the exam and avoid common mistakes

For courses in Elementary French. Building on the success of earlier editions and anchored in the most current innovations in language instruction, the Fourth Edition of Chez nous offers a richly nuanced focus on the Francophone world through a highly integrative and process-oriented approach to the development of language skills that emphasizes the Five C's and is consistent with the National Standards. The Fourth Edition Chez nous is a complete elementary French program designed for use at colleges and universities, over two or three terms or semesters. Using a careful progression from skill-developing to skill-using activities and a sophisticated treatment of Francophone culture, the text and its full complement of supplementary materials help students develop listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills as well as insights into other cultures by exposing them to authentic, contemporary French and encouraging them to express themselves on a variety of topics.

This concise guide to writing is designed to help any academic become not only productive but truly prolific. It is a pithy, no-nonsense, no-excuses guide to maximizing the quality and quantity of scholarly output. Johnson and Mullen" "offer an accessible overview of the art of writing efficiently and effectively, provide a one-stop source for the nuts and bolts of success in getting things written and into print, and advise academics on how to navigate the turbulent waters of professional stress along the way. This is the first book that explicitly summarizes the key elements of prolific productivity in academic settings.

Exam board: AQA Level: A-level Subject: French First teaching: September 2016 First exams: Summer 2018 Maximise your students' potential and build the skills needed to succeed with this exam-focused workbook, packed with practice questions for every section of the AQA A-Level French exams. - Encourage rolling revision throughout the two years by developing your students' skills in class and at home - Test each skill with exam-style activities for every section of the exam papers, with all the audio and answers accessible online - Build your students' confidence in vocab and grammar with focused lists, explanations and activities - Target the top grades with sample answers and tips to boost exam performance

Exam Board: AQA, Edexcel, WJEC, Eduqas & CCEA Level: AS/A-level Subject: Modern Languages First Teaching: September 2017 First Exam: June 2018 Literature analysis made easy. Build your students' confidence in their language abilities and help them develop the skills needed to critique their chosen work: putting it into context, understanding the themes and narrative technique, as well as specialist terminology. Breaking down each scene, character and theme in La casa de Bernarda Alba (The House of Bernarda Alba), this accessible guide will enable your students to understand the historical and social context of the play and give them the critical and language skills needed to write a successful essay. - Strengthen language skills with relevant grammar, vocab and writing exercises throughout - Aim for top marks by building a bank of textual examples and quotes to enhance exam response - Build confidence with knowledge-check questions at the end of every chapter - Revise effectively with pages of essential vocabulary and key mind maps throughout - Feel prepared for exams with advice on how to write an essay, plus sample essay questions, two levels of model answers and examiner commentary