A discussion of the contributions made by African Americans to public and private black schools in the USA in the 19th and 20th centuries. It suggests that cultural capital from African American communities may be important for closing the gap in the funding of black schools in the 21st century.

Republican Legal Theory discusses the history, constitution and purposes of law in a free state. This is the most comprehensive study since James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and The Federalist of republican legal ideas. Sellers explains the importance of popular sovereignty, the rule of law, the separation of powers, and other essential republican checks and balances in protecting liberty and against tyranny and corruption.

How teachers may be better educated for a changing global world is a challenge that faces many systems of education worldwide. This book addresses key issues of quality and change in teacher education in the context of the new public management achievement agendas which are permeating teacher education structures, cultures and programmes and the work of teacher educators internationally. Graduate schools of education in the United States and the UK, for example, are making fundamental changes in the structures, courses, programs and faculties that prepare beginning teachers each year. Drawing upon examples from the United States, United Kingdom, China, Hong Kong, Australia and elsewhere, its authors provide a unique critical overview of emerging themes and challenges of raising the quality of teaching and the quality of student learning outcomes. They suggest possible ways forward for teachers, teacher educators, researchers and policy-makers as they seek to raise the quality of teaching and student outcomes whilst sustaining their moral purposes and values of equity, inclusion and social justice. Taken together, the chapters contain informed, critical discussions of "normal education" and "teacher education" of "professional standards", "4+2/+1" post-degree training, "PGDE versus BEd", integration of subject specializations and professional education. Each one provides new visions of the teacher as a professional and to cultivate high quality teachers in the West and the Greater China region. For all those interested in issues of quality, change and forward movement in teacher education in contexts of policy led reform, this is a must read.

One hundred years ago, when Martinus W. Beijerinck in Delft and Friedrich Loeffler on Riems Island discovered a new class of infectious agents in plants and animals, a new discipline was born. This book, a compilation of papers written by well-recognized scientists, gives an impression of the early days, the pioneer period and the current state of virology. Recent developments and future perspectives of this discipline are sketched against a historic background. With contributions by A. Alcami, D. Baulcombe, F. Brown, L. W. Enquist, H. Feldmann, A. Garcia-Sastre, D. Griffiths, M. C. Horzinek, A. van Kammen, H.-D. Klenk, F. A. Murphy, T. Muster, R. O'Neill, P. Palese, C. Patience, R. Rott, H.- P. Schmiedebach, S. Schneider-Schaulies, G. L. Smith, J. A. Symons, Y. Takeuchi, V. ter Meulen, P. J. W. Venables, V. E. Volchkov, V. A. Volchkova, R. A. Weiss, W. Wittmann, H. Zheng

Both dramatic and musical theater are part of the tradition that has made Austria - especially Vienna - and the old Habsburg lands synonymous with high culture in Central Europe. Many works, often controversial originally but now considered as classics, are still performed regularly in Vienna, Prague, Budapest, or Krakow. This volume not only offers an excellent overview of the theatrical history of the region, it is also an innovative, cross-disciplinary attempt to analyse the inner workings and dynamics of theater through a discussion of the interplay between society, the audience, and performing artists.

This book examines the history of female adolescent sexuality in the United States from the middle of the nineteenth century until the beginning of the 1960s. The book analyzes both adult perceptions of female adolescent sexuality and the experiences of female adolescents themselves. It examines what girls knew (or thought they knew) about sex at different points in time, girls' sexual experiences, girls' ideas about love and romance, female adolescent beauty culture, and the influence of popular culture on female adolescent sexuality. It also examines the ways in which adults responded to female adolescent sexuality and the efforts of adults to either control or encourage girls' interest in sexual topics, dating, girls' participation in beauty culture, and their education on sexual topics. The book describes a trajectory along which female adolescents went from being perceived as innocent, essentially asexual beings to being recognized as beings possessing sexual desires to their being perceived as primarily sexual in nature.

The Heavyweight Championship has long been the most valued prize in all of sports. Famous names among the champions include John L. Sullivan, Jim Jeffries, Jack Johnson, Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Muhammad Ali, Mike Tyson, Vitali Klitschko and Wladimir Klitschko. A Brief History of the Heavyweights 1881-2010 traces the contests of these champions and other outstanding fighters of this weight class from the early bare knuckle days to the present. The author includes his rankings of the best boxers and bouts of different time periods in history as well as his all-time best rankings. The book is comprised of 308 pages, including numerous photographs, bout-by-bout lists of title contests, and an index. Tracy Callis is a member of the International Boxing Research Organization, the Director of Historical Research for The Cyber Boxing Zone, an internet boxing website, an Elector to the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Boxing Hall of Fame - Luxor Hotel Las Vegas. He is also co-author of the books Philadelphia's Boxing Heritage 1876-1976 and Boxing in the Los Angeles Area 1880-2005.

This volume traces the socialization processes, professional development, career paths, and theories and research of contemporary pioneers in education and psychology. This volume contains interviews of leading scholars who are at the vanguard of teaching and learning. They shared how their childhood development influenced their theoretical paths and research endeavors and revealed their thoughts, beliefs, and experiences that made them who they are today. These scholars responded to questionspertaining to their childhood socialization, initial interest in education and psychology, role models, research interests and major findings, future direction of their research, educational implications derived from their research, and perception of their legacy. They are real people who have had experiences like anybody else, but who found homes and teachers who supported them. While in college, they found educators who mentored them. Readers will find that this volume offers them an opportunity to learn the background of contemporary pioneers in education and psychology, provides helpful sources where they can learn about how major theories developed and where they are moving, and reveals the personal anecdotes that influenced the conceptualization of contemporary theories and research. Educators andstudents will find that this book provides hope and a rejuvenated enthusiasm about the status of education and psychology and that they too can be leaders in their own ways.

Come along on a fascinating journey of women on the move. This exciting work offers insights into why and how women travel, emphasizing the was women's experiences, concerns, and motivations are unique. This book is rich in history, covering women travelers from prehistoric times to the prehistoric times to the present. More than 450 biographical and informative entries describe how women became travelers, explorers, and adventurers. Included are descriptions of some of the many travel books written by and about women. The DEGREESIEncyclopedia DEGREESR will appeal to readers interested in women's studies, women's history, travel literature, and the travel industry. Students at all levels, researchers, teachers and professors, and others will benefit from this unique resource. Selected entries include:

Jacqueline Auriol

Mountaineers

Aviators

National Geographic Society

Box-Car Bertha

Annie Smith eck

California Gold Rush

Pirates

Daredevils

River Rafters Dogsledding

Eleanor Roosevelt

Explorers Club

Sacagawea

Ann Gardner

Superstitions

Hitchhikers

Tibet

Iditarod

Travel Writers

Joan of Arc

Sojourner Truth

Life in Prairie Land

Women's Air Corps (WACs)

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"Du Puis' book is a rich and frothy drink, well worth consuming, just like its subject."--"New York History"

"This is an entertaining, informative, and tightly argued book, one well worth adding to any food library."
"Gastronomica"

"An excellent social history of the development of milk drinking and production in the United States."
--"American Studies"

"Very readable and extremely well documented...DuPuis provides great insights throughout by reflecting on the thoughts of influential thinkers."
--"Choice"

"DuPuis is able to dive beneath the controversy that milk engenders today. Instead, she presents an informative, balanced history of milk production and consumption--how we get our milk and why we drink so much of it."
--"E," Westport, CT

For over a century, America's nutrition authorities have heralded milk as "nature's perfect food," as "indispensable" and "the most complete food." These milk "boosters" have ranged from consumer activists, to government nutritionists, to the American Dairy Council and its ubiquitous milk moustache ads. The image of milk as wholesome and body-building has a long history, but is it accurate?

Recently, within the newest social movements around food, milk has lost favor. Vegan anti-milk rhetoric portrays the dairy industry as cruel to animals and milk as bad for humans. Recently, books with titles like, "Milk: The Deadly Poison," and "Don't Drink Your Milk" have portrayed milk as toxic and unhealthy. Controversies over genetically-engineered cows and questions about antibiotic residue have also prompted consumers to question whether the milk they drink each day is truly good for them.

In Nature's Perfect FoodMelanie Dupuis illuminates these questions by telling the story of how Americans came to drink milk. We learn how cow's milk, which was associated with bacteria and disease became a staple of the American diet. Along the way we encounter 19th century evangelists who were convinced that cow's milk was the perfect food with divine properties, brewers whose tainted cow feed poisoned the milk supply, and informal wetnursing networks that were destroyed with the onset of urbanization and industrialization. Informative and entertaining, Nature's Perfect Food will be the standard work on the history of milk.

This book explores how school history textbooks are used to perpetuate nationalistic policies within divided regions. Exploring the 'divide and rule' politics across ex-Yugoslav successor states, the editors and contributors draw upon a wide range of case studies from across the region. Textbooks and other educational media provide the foundations upon which the new generation build understanding about their own context and the events that are creating their present. By promoting nationalistic politics in such media, textbooks themselves can be used as tools to further promote and preserve ongoing hostility between ethnic groups following periods of conflict. This edited collection will appeal to scholars of educational media, history education and post-conflict societies.

Since Babe Ruth joined the New York Yankees in the 1920s, America has been intrigued with baseball sluggers and teams that stuff the middle of their batting order with power. Even today, sports fans flip to ESPN to see who hit the dingers of the day. Yes, we like to see great catches and outstanding pitching performances, but it's the home runs we live for. The 1960s was a decade of some of the greatest slugging combinations in baseball history. From Maris and Mantle to McCovey and Mays, the decade's memories will live forever

Marking the 30th anniversary of the formation of Orion Bank in 1970, financial historian Richard Roberts has written a history of Orion and the rise and decline of the consortium banking movement. Consortium banks were formed as joint ventures to enable banks to operate in the booming Euromarkets, with virtually every major international bank participating in a consortium bank during their heyday in the 1970s and 1980s. Orion Bank was one of the leading players in the Euromarkets in those decades: its shareholders were six of the biggest banks in the world from the three major trading blocks: Chase Manhattan, Royal Bank of Canada, NatWest, Westdeutsche Landesbank, Credito Italiano and Mitsubishi Bank. Like other consortiums banks, Orion Bank was prominent in Eurocurrency syndicated lending, but more unusually, it was also a top Eurobond lead manager. The story of Orion exemplifies the tensions inherent in the joint venture approach to business development and the strategic dilemmas facing consortium bank managements and shareholders. Richard Roberts uses primary archival papers and interviews with former Orion executives and other bankers prominent in consortium and investment banking to present an authoritative case study with great topical relevance as today's European banking industry continues to integrate across borders. Take Your Partners is also an invaluable source of reference for anyone with an interest in the Euromarkets and the development of international banking.

"A clearly written analysis that takes into account the international context in which the company operated, its characteristics as a business enterprise, and its relationship with banana workers, local entrepreuneurs, and regional governments in two key banana zones."
--"The Journal of American History"

"A significant contribution to a growing body of scholarship."
--"Journal of Latin American Studies"

"Bucheli's narrative is theoretically informed...This book deserves consideration by groups of specialists who do not necessarily overlap: business historians, Latin America specialists, and international business scholars.
--"Economic History Society"

"Of interest not only to students of Latin American history, but also to those concerned with how large US companies function when they invest heavily in developing countries."
--"Choice"

a"Bananas and Business" covers such new ground, both in its postwar history of Columbia and in its analysis of UFCas managerial dicision making, that Bucheli does not need the straw man he laboriously dismantles.a
-- Ian Wliiam Read, Stanford University

"This is an excellent addition to our knowledge about the UFCO....based on an exhaustive analysis of the primary sources...and a thorough understanding of the logic of the multinational enterprise. Bucheli has shown that there is indeed room for a further study of UFCO and this may will inspire others to revisit this controversial company."
--"International Affairs"

"A major contribution to both Latin American and international business history. Marcelo Bucheli challenges stereotyped views of the role of multinationals in developing countries by examining theevolving dynamic relationship between the US firm, local entrepreneurs, politicians and workers. Bucheli demonstrates the complex and nuanced role of multinationals in the creation of the global economy."
--Geoffrey Jones, Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School

"Through a case study of two Colombian banana zones, based on unique access to United Fruit's internal archives, the author challenges the simplistic portrayal of UFCO as politically all-powerful and harshly exploitive by addressing the problems with declining profitability and risk the company faced over the long-term and the complex interactions through which local banana planters, plantation workers, and local and national governments influenced company decisions. This book makes a major contribution to the political economy of multinational corporations in Latin America and the new business history, and it highlights the agency of local entrepreneurs."
--Catherine LeGrand, Associate Professor of History, McGill University

"Bucheli has crafted an excellent study."
--"American Historical Review"

For well over a century, the United Fruit Company (UFCO) has been the most vilified multinational corporation operating in Latin America. Criticism of the UFCO has been widespread, ranging from politicians to consumer activists, and from labor leaders to historians, all portraying it as an overwhelmingly powerful corporation that shaped and often exploited its host countries. In this first history of the UFCO in Colombia, Marcelo Bucheli argues that the UFCO's image as an all-powerful force in determining national politics needs to be reconsidered. Using a previously unexplored source--theinternal archives of Colombia's UFCO operation--Bucheli reveals that before 1930, the UFCO worked alongside a business-friendly government that granted it generous concessions and repressed labor unionism. After 1930, however, the country experienced dramatic transformations including growing nationalism, a stronger labor movement, and increasing demands by local elites for higher stakes in the banana export business.

In response to these circumstances, the company abandoned production, selling its plantations (and labor conflicts) to local growers, while transforming itself into a marketing company. The shift was endorsed by the company's shareholders and financial analysts, who preferred lower profits with lower risks, and came at a time in which the demand for bananas was decreasing in America. Importantly, Bucheli shows that the effect of foreign direct investment was not unidirectional. Instead, the agency of local actors affected corporate strategy, just as the UFCO also transformed local politics and society.

The Rangers Story celebrates the rich history of Rangers FC, one of the oldest and most successful football clubs in the world. This is the story of a special city, the story of the birth of football and of a club that is revered by fans throughout the world. It is a story of humble beginnings in 19th-century Glasgow that charts the development of the 'Association game' in Scotland. Drawing on 36 years of research, the author tells of the triumphs - a record number of Scottish championships and victory in Europe - but also of the disasters, like the 1902 and 1971 Ibrox tragedies, each reverberating throughout the UK. The book explores the importance of men such as Struth, Souness, Smith and Gerrard, who with determination and ambition built this great club and its traditions. Then there were the great players such as Baxter, Gascoigne, and Laudrup. It is no wonder Rangers has followers worldwide, each carrying the emotional attachment of their fathers and grandfathers before them. To them the club is everything - the beginning and the end.