Some of the key aspects of doctrinal, manpower, and technical modernization of China's armed forces are the subject of this unique collection of essays. The volume goes beyond a limited assessment of China's military modernization, to stress the implications of modernization with respect to regional Asian security and the broader international scene. Varying perspectives on China's military modernization are presented against a framework that considers U.S. national security policy, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and strategic trade with China, in addition to China's own nuclear deterrent and its military posture vis-a-vis the Soviet Union, Japan, and Southeast Asia. The critical issue of China's defense modernization is presented in light of practical, domestic, political, and economic constraints on defense modernization facing the Beijing government.

In the period between the outbreak of World War II in 1939 and the enactment of university apartheid by the Nationalist Government in 1959, the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits) developed as an ‘open university’, admitting students of all races. This, the second volume of the history of Wits by historian Bruce Murray, has as its central theme the process by which Wits became ‘open’, the compromises this process entailed, and the defence the University mounted to preserve its ‘open’ status in the face of the challenges posed by the Nationalist Government.

The University’s institutional autonomy is highlighted by Yunus Ballim in his preface to the centenary edition of WITS: The ‘Open’ Years. He writes: ‘The emerging posture of a university willing to rise in defence of academic freedom was important because this was to become infused into the institutional culture of Wits.’

The book looks at the University’s role in South Africa’s war effort, its contribution to the education of ex-volunteers after the war, its leading role in training job-seeking professionals required by a rapidly expanding economy, and the rise of research and postgraduate study. Students feature prominently through their political activities, the flourishing of a student intelligentsia, the heyday of the Remember and Give (Rag) parade, rugby intervarsity, and the stunning success of Wits sportsmen and women. Wits: The ‘Open’ Years paints a vivid picture of the range of personalities who enlivened the campus – among them some well-known figures in the new South Africa.

The book includes chapters by Alf Stadler, who was Professor of Political Studies at Wits and the author of The Political Economy of Modern South Africa, and Jonty Winch, former Sports Officer at Wits and the author of Wits Sport.

In 2000, INSEAD celebrates its 40th anniversary. In this time INSEAD has grown to be a leading business and management school in Europe, and one of the most successful and influential in the world. This text is a business study and history of INSEAD which details how this success was achieved, and goes on to relate the story of the school to the management themes of leadership, teamworking and innovation.

This fascinating volume takes a look at aspects of Manchester's history in the centuries before its industrial heyday, a much overlooked yet crucial period in its development.

This four-volume collection combines the historical with the conceptual, providing a guide to the main themes that have structured socialist thought and practice over the last two hundred years. The set also examines contemporary socialism.
A detailed index and new introduction makes this set an invaluable reference tool for students and researchers of politics.

This important and timely reference work examines violence against women and gender-based discrimination around the world, providing a global perspective on why this kind of oppression is still occurring in the 21st century. Within the past decade, the attention that has been paid to violence against women by international government organizations such as the United Nations and World Health Organization has grown. Yet silences around the violent treatment of women remains across the world, particularly in those countries where women's rights are not protected and statistics are not available. Women and Violence encompasses a global perspective of the history, causes, and complex underpinnings of gender and violence from a multidimensional and cross-disciplinary perspective. Chapters focus on a specific world region, including North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Each chapter begins with a general discussion on its world region, then focuses on particular forms of violence against women in the more specific contexts of particular countries and in relation to the wider region. Readers will be able to make cross-cultural comparisons, learning how to view gender-based violence and women's advocacy against discrimination that is occurring around the world. Enables a fuller comprehension of how contemporary ideas about gender and power are being debated, reinforced, and challenged Offers a repository of key concepts used by local scholars and country specialists who study gender-based violence Sheds light on gender-based violence and women's advocacy against discrimination that is occurring around the world Lists major events that have occurred in relation to women and violence around the world through history in a chronology Offers insightful information related to the chapters in sidebars throughout the text

'Conservation in the 21st century needs to be different and this book is a good indicator of why' Bulletin of British Ecological Society. Against Extinction tells the history of wildlife conservation from its roots in the 19th century, through the foundation of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire in London in 1903 to the huge and diverse international movement of the present day. It vividly portrays conservation's legacy of big game hunting, the battles for the establishment of national parks, the global importance of species conservation and debates over the sustainable use of and trade in wildlife. Bill Adams addresses the big questions and ideas that have driven conservation for the last 100 years: How can the diversity of life be maintained as human demands on the Earth expand seemingly without limit? How can preservation be reconciled with human rights and the development needs of the poor? Is conservation something that can be imposed by a knowledgeable elite, or is it something that should emerge naturally from people's free choices? These have never been easy questions, and they are as important in the 21st century as at any time in the past. The author takes us on a lively historical journey in search of the answers.

From the sixteenth through to the eighteenth century, printed disputations were the main academic output of universities. This genre is especially attractive as it deals with the most significant cultural and scientific innovations of the early modern period, such as the printing revolution and the development of new methods in philosophy, education and scholarly exchange via personal networks. Until recently, academic disputations have attracted comparatively little scholarly attention. This volume provides for the first time a comprehensive study of the early modern disputation culture, both through theoretical discussions and overviews, and numerous case studies that analyze particular features of disputations in various European regions.

Contents:
Chapter 1. Introduction. The Nature of Development Control. Forms of Control. Actors in the Process. The Themes of the Book. Chapter 2: The Origins of Development Control. Medieval Controls. The Development of Markets in Land and the Necessity of Landlord Control. The Extension of Public Controls. Leasehold Agreements and their Efforts. The Privatization of Public Control. The Administration of Control in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Chapter 3: The Failure of Leasehold Control and the Rise of Public Intervention. The Failure of the Leasehold System. Leasehold Reform. By-Law Control and the Extension of Public Control. The Weakness of By-Law Regulation. Chapter 4: Development Control in the Early Planning System. The 1909 Act: Control in the First Planning Schemes. Compensation and Betterment. The Maturing of the System in the 1920s. Circular 1305. Control Over Land-Use. The 1932 Act and Interim Development Control. Discretionary Power. Chapter 5: The 1947 Act: Universal Control of Development. The Purpose of Development Control in the 1947 act. The Nationalization of Development Rights. Compensation and Betterment. Development Control in the 1950s and 1960s. The Reform of the Development Plans System. The 1967 Management Study of Development Control. Chapter 6: The Call for Reforms: Development Control in the 1970s. Property Speculation 1970-73 and its Impact on Development Control. The Dobry Report. The 8th Report of the Expenditure Committee. Chapter 7: Development Control Under the Conservatives. Planning Control and Deregulation. Limiting Local Authority Power. Development Control in the Service of Economic Development. Local and National Policy: Plans v. Government Circulars. Planning Gain. Design Control. Development in the Green Belt. Chapter 8: Development Control in the 1990s: a Plan-Led System? The Planning and Compensation Acts and its Effects. Planning Obligations. The Role of Plans in Development Control. Chapter 9: Conclusion: The Future of Development Control. The Strengths and Weaknesses of British Development Control. Future Directions.

This book offers glimpses into the personal and scholarly lives of 20 giants in the history of psychology. As in the earlier volumes, prominent scholars were invited to prepare chapters on a pioneer who had made important contributions in their own area of expertise. Some of the psychologists described may be the teachers of the instructors who will be the users of this book, potentially providing a personal connection of the pioneers to the students. A special section provides brief portraits of the editors and authors, containing interesting information about the relationship between the pioneers and the psychologists who describe them.
Utilizing an informal, personal, sometimes humorous, style of writing, the book will appeal to students and instructors interested in the history of psychology. Each of the five volumes in this series contains different profiles thereby bringing more than 100 of the pioneers in psychology more vividly to life.

Although she held an important position of educational leadership for eighteen years, Sarah Raymond Fitzwilliam's story has been largely overlooked. This historical biography of Fitzwilliam examines her abolitionist roots growing up on a stop of the Underground Railroad, her training at a "normal school," her tenure as a teacher, principal and the nation's first city school superintendent (Bloomington, Illinois 1874-1892). In the process, Noraian also chronicles American society during the Gilded and Progressive ages.

First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Routledge History of Philosophy series provides a chronological survey of the history of Western Philosophy fro its beginnings in the sixth century BC to the present time. It discusses all the major philosophical developments in depth, and covers all those regarded as great philosophers and many lesser figures of philosophypast and present. We are pleased to announce all 10 volumes are now available in paperback for the first time.

Are American sports in jeopardy? Maybe so, unless greed can be controlled, the author of this unique book about sports in the United States concludes. In drawing this conclusion, Glenn Ferguson has explored media impact, education, relevant history, rules, discrimination, and even team nicknames before proceeding in depth with the specific fascination and blemishes of the major sports--baseball, football, basketball and track--with emphasis on college and professional levels. For the minor sports, tennis, ice hockey, swimming, golf and soccer are examined. Coverage of modern summer and winter Olympics stresses lifestyle, monetary awards, television, and foreign perceptions of the United States. Not wanting to overlook anything, the author devotes a final chapter to the avocations of hunting and lawn care. GLENN FERGUSON served as President of four universities (Long Island, Clark, Connecticut, and the American University of Paris); Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in Munich; Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, and President and founder of Equity for Africa. He was an Associate Director of the Peace Corps in Washington, and the first Director in Thailand. He was also the first Director of Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA); American Ambassador to Kenya (Arthur Flemming Award); and a management consultant with McKinsey & Company. As an Air Force Psychological Warfare Officer, he served in Korea and the Philippines. Since his retirement, Ambassador Ferguson, and his wife Patti, have resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico where he has written five books relating to travel, religion, essays, aphorism and sports. He received two degrees from Cornell University and a law degree from the University of Pittsburgh.

"Educational Psychology: A Century of Contributions"--the first comprehensive book-length treatment of this topic--looks at the historic contributions of 16 leading psychologists, as well as others, who influenced the field of educational psychology from its philosophical moorings in the late 19th century to its current scientific status at the dawn of the 21st. It presents information regarding these individuals' ideas and scientific discoveries, along with a sense of the historical context in which they lived.
The book is divided into three sections that correspond to three eras in the history of the discipline:
*the founding period (1880s to 1920);
*the rise to prominence period (1920 to1960); and
*the modern period (1960 to the present).
Each section begins with an overview chapter describing the period in terms of key social, political, and historical events affecting educational theory, research, and practice. In addition, the overview chapters discuss major theoretical, methodological, and instructional contributions of the period and how they changed the course of educational psychology.
The biographical chapters describe the scholar's major contribution in terms of theory, research, and practice and his or her legacy and impact. These descriptions portray these individuals as real human beings responding to historical events and social influences of their time in personal and collective ways that changed the nature and direction of the field.
"Educational Psychology: A Century of Contributions" is a cohesive collection appropriate for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in educational psychology.

This volume forms part of the 5 volume set "Early English Stages 1300-1660." This set examines the history of the development of dramatic spectacle and stage convention in England from the beginning of the fourteenth century to 1660.

This volume forms part of the 5 volume set "Early English Stages 1300-1660." This set examines the history of the development of dramatic spectacle and stage convention in England from the beginning of the fourteenth century to 1660.

This volume forms part of the 5 volume set Early English Stages 1300-1660. This set examines the history of the development of dramatic spectacle and stage convention in England from the beginning of the fourteenth century to 1660.

These volumes reprint articles from a variety of international journals, book chapters and key technical reports, to take a broad look at how the field has developed from the turn of theTwentieth Century through to the turn of the twenty-first.
Since the 1960s, there has been a boom in research on how the human mind both produces and comprehends language. Psycholinguistics - as a product of this boom - represents a synthesis between linguistics and psychology.
The set covers the following topics:
* Language Acquisition
* The Mental Lexicon
* Sentence Processing
* Discourse and Meaning
* Spoken Language Production
* Reading
* Disorders of Language and Production
* Computational Models of Language Learning and Adult * Language Use

The book concentrates on fundamental texts in the study of architectural history with special reference to eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain. The texts under discussion address key themes or methods in the construction of architectural histories. Alongside this, philosophical or theoretical writings which address the abstract issues surrounding the main texts are presented as a kind of exegesis on the chosen texts. This together with an introduction and discursive essays which preface each of the sections present a transdisciplinary discourse around the discipline of architectural history.

This book unravels the origins, continuities, and discontinuities of Finnish higher education as part of European higher education from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. It describes the emergence of universities in the Middle Ages and the Finnish student, and moves on to the Reformation and the end of Swedish rule. It then discusses the founding of the Royal Academy of Turku, its professors and governing bodies, its role as a community, student numbers, the research and controversies. Travelling through the age of autonomy, the first decades of independence and the Second World War, the book examines the expansion of higher education, the development of the system, and the establishment of polytechnics. It concludes by analysing the multiple institutional and organisational layers of Finnish higher education. Altogether, the book offers an historical study that shows how and why education and higher education have been important in the process of making the Finnish nation and nation state. Translator: Dr. Inga Arffman

Artists' Impressions in Architectural Design analyses the ways in which architects have presented their designs for clients and the public, both historically and contemporarily. It spans a period from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century.
Architects have become familiar with change. The passage of time has brought with it new and revived styles of architecture, as well as innovative tools and techniques for their representation. The result is that while some methods show a view of the architect's concept for a building, others offer an almost real experience of the intended architecture. This book provides a rare and valuable study i which the exciting technological developments of today are placed in context with the rich heritage of the past. It offers an opportunity to learn how architects have chosen to represent their ideas. The authors dare to gllimpse into the future, and hopefully offer some reassurance for the architects of tomorrow.

This volume forms part of a five volume set charting the progress of the 19th century movement, which was instrumental in establishing international guidelines for the teaching of modern languages. It was during this period that for the first time, co-operation between phoneticians and teachers culminated in the publication of works that were instrumental in establishing the "applied linguistic" approach to language teaching in the 20th century. For the first time, too, the new science of psychology influenced a scientific theory of second language acquisition. The Reform Movement attracted support across Europe, spurring the development of new professional associations and journals. In turn, the publication in these journals of reports of innovative practice contributed to a greater sense of autonomy and professionalism among modern language teachers, who had hitherto tended to live under the shadow of classical language teaching. The practical innovations and theoretical suggestions for the foreign language teaching, although rooted in the 19th century, still have relevance in 2001.