What are the forces that are driving firms and industries to globalize their operations? This volume explores how specific industries have organized their global operations through case studies of seven manufacturing industries: garments and textiles, automobiles and auto parts, televisions, hard disk drives, flat panel displays, semiconductors, and personal computers. Based on long-term research sponsored by the Sloan Foundation, the chapters provide readers with a nuanced understanding of the complex matrix of factor costs, access to inimitable capabilities, and time-based pressures that influence where firms decide to locate particular segments of the value chain.
The book examines globalization within the context of five factors affecting locational decisions: advances in transportation and communication; the clustering of knowledge assets; the drive to reduce cycle times; the commodification of existing products; and the relative advantages of proximity to customers. The case studies are framed by Paul Deguid's Preface on the significance of power in value chains and Bruce Kogut's conclusion on the importance of knowledge in locational decisions. Together, the chapters reveal a remarkable diversity of responses across industries to these forces, and suggest that any understanding of globalization must appreciate this diversity.
This volume is ideal for both MBA and undergraduate students studying the location of economic activities by multinational firms.

Parallelkinematische Maschinen stellen die spektakulArste Innovation auf dem Gebiet der Maschinenstrukturen im letzten Jahrzehnt dar. Das als Nachschlagewerk konzipierte Buch vereint erstmals das umfangreiche Wissen zu diesem Thema. Der konstruktive Entwicklungsprozess parallelkinematischer Maschinen und der Einsatz in der industriellen Fertigung werden an Beispielen dargestellt.

Schwerpunkte bilden die praktischen Anforderungen an parallelkinematische Maschinen, deren strukturelle Konzeption, die richtige Auslegung von Steuerung und Komponenten sowie die messtechnische Bewertung solcher Maschinen. Probleme der Modellbildung werden ebenfalls dargestellt. Einsatzerfahrungen, wie sie mit parallelkinematischen Werkzeugmaschinen und Handhabeeinrichtungen gewonnen wurden, und Felder potenzieller Anwendungen werden genauso beschrieben wie Gesichtspunkte der Programmierung solcher Maschinen. Ein einfA1/4hrender historischer Abriss und ErlAuterungen zur Terminologie runden das Buch inhaltlich ab.

Ein Verzeichnis der verwendeten Formeln, ein ausfA1/4hrliches Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein Sachverzeichnis sind Hilfen, die dem Leser das Arbeiten mit dem Buch erleichtern.

This book, first published in 1983, offers a new explanation for the poor performance of British manufacturing since 1950. Rather than invoke orthodox economic theory or general social factors, the book analyses four national conditions - enterprise control over the labour process; market structure and the composition of demand; the relation of manufacturing enterprise to financial institutions like banks and stock exchanges; and the relation of manufacturing enterprise to government.

Spoiled Silk is the story of two immigrants from the Rhineland, William Brueckmann and his wife Katherine, who started a new life in America's first industrial city, Paterson NJ, nourishing a vision of their adopted country that was never to be. Committed to a socialist dream, they struggled to improve the lot of their follow immigrants and, at the same time, to raise a family in the midst of the turbulence that surrounded them. Their efforts contributed in the long run to improved working conditions in American mills, but their dream of a socialist America was never to be realized. It was in 1913 that the workers in the Paterson textile mills, having learned that a new kind of loom would put many of them out of work went on strike against the mill owners. In desperation, they called in Big Bill Haywood and the Wobblies of the I.W.W. to help them. The Paterson authorities moved quickly to crush the strike by forbidding the strikers to hold public meetings. Alone among elected local officials, William Brueckmann, Mayor of the neighboring town of Haledon, defied the Paterson authorities and their police department and upheld the constitutional rights of the strikers by giving them a safe haven in his town. His action marked the beginning of a long and bitter struggle that brought thousands of workers to the open fields of Haledon and forced the city of Paterson to its knees.The strike is an important chapter in the history of the American labor movement. For William and Katherine Brueckmann it did not however, mark the end of their struggles. Spoiled Silk also chronicles the prejudice they had to face during the First World War and the pressures that eventually drove them to compromise with post-war America and its Good Times. It was a compromise that would bring with it a different kind of tragedy and sorrow, the death of an only son and their own drawing apart from one another. The recent interest in immigrants to America has almost overlooked the largest group of immigrants, the German Americans. Spoiled Silk is a moving story about two of them. Vividly told, Spoiled Silk brings to life the experiences of these valiant people in the early decades of the century just past.

Cotton's Renaissance is the story of one of the more remarkable feats in the annals of enterprise. At its center, the book shows how U.S. cotton growers lost half their market share in the 1960s and 1970s and then won it back through highly innovative marketing and organization. To place this unprecedented achievement in perspective, the authors analyze and interpret the responses of cotton growers over two hundred years to the timeless problems of nature, technology, markets, and politics. The upshot is a dramatic history of how growers learned--after more than a century and a half of trying to manage supply--how to drive and shape demand for their commodity. This key change in perspective and behavior was accomplished by the creation of a unique public-private company that helped thousands of growers to cultivate demand and to survive in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. The impact of Cotton Incorporated on the markets for cotton was nothing less than an entrepreneurial coup in strategy and organization. In its "total marketing" effort to rebuild cotton's market share, it fostered substantial scientific, technological, and managerial improvements in the quality and performance of cotton. In doing so, it has enhanced the efficiency not only of the farmers who grow cotton but also of the intermediaries who transform it into consumer goods. This account of the cotton industry's revival, which took place at every level of production and distribution, holds many important lessons for anyone interested in history, economics, marketing, or public policy.

This book introduces fundamental, advanced, and future-oriented scientific quality management methods for the engineering and manufacturing industries. It presents new knowledge and experiences in the manufacturing industry with real world case studies. It introduces Quality 4.0 with Industry 4.0, including quality engineering tools for software quality and offers lean quality management methods for lean manufacturing. It also bridges the gap between quality management and quality engineering, and offers a scientific methodology for problem solving and prevention. The methods, techniques, templates, and processes introduced in this book can be utilized in various areas in industry, from product engineering to manufacturing and shop floor management. This book will be of interest to manufacturing industry leaders and managers, who do not require in-depth engineering knowledge. It will also be helpful to engineers in design and suppliers in management and manufacturing, all who have daily concerns with project and quality management. Students in business and engineering programs may also find this book useful as they prepare for careers in the engineering and manufacturing industries. Presents new knowledge and experiences in the manufacturing industry with real world case studies Introduces quality engineering methods for software development Introduces Quality 4.0 with Industry 4.0 Offers lean quality management methods for lean manufacturing Bridges the gap between quality management methods and quality engineering Provides scientific methodology for product planning, problem solving and prevention management Includes forms, templates, and tools that can be used conveniently in the field

Die Aluminiumdruckgussbranche sieht sich einem sehr hohen Kostendruck durch hohe Energieintensitat der Produktion sowie steigende Energie- und Rohstoffpreise ausgesetzt. In dem Verbundforschungsprojekt ProGRess wurden gezielt Losungen erarbeitet, um unternehmensubergreifend den Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch signifikant zu senken. Die in der Praxis erprobten Losungen werden anhand von Fallbeispielen in der Wertschopfungskette vorgestellt. Die Auswirkungen der vorgeschlagenen Massnahmen in der Praxis konnen in einem ganzheitlichen Bewertungsansatz fur Produktionsprozessketten verglichen werden

This book shows how to consistently obtain annual and multiannual manufacturing target profit regardless of the evolution of sales volumes, increasing or decreasing, using the Manufacturing Cost Policy Deployment (MCPD) system. Managers and practitioners within the manufacturing companies will discover a practical approach within the MCPD system that will help them develop and support their long-term, medium-term, and short-term profitability and productivity strategy. The book presents both the basic concepts of MCPD and the key elements of transforming manufacturing companies through MCPD system, as well as supporting the consistent growth of external and internal profit by directing all systematic and systemic improvements based on meeting the annual and multiannual Manufacturing Cost Improvement (MCI) targets and means for each Product-Family Cost (PFC). This book is unique because it presents two types of systematic and systemic improvement projects for MCI that have been applied over the years in various multinational manufacturing companies operating in highly competitive markets, in order to address the consistent reduction of unit manufacturing costs by improving the Cost of Losses and Waste (CLW). Readers will discover the practical approach of MCI based on a structured approach to MCPD system beyond the traditional approach to manufacturing improvements based mainly on improved time and quality. Therefore, from the perspective of the MCPD system, the multiannual manufacturing target profits are met while the annual and multiannual manufacturing target costs are a predetermined stake and not a result of the improvements already made.

It is dealt with two main decision problems which arise when flow-line production systems are installed and operated. The assembly line balancing problem consists of partitioning the work, necessary to assemble the product(s), among different stations of an assembly line. If several models of a product are jointly processed on a line, this medium-term problem is connected with the short-term problem of determining an operating sequence of the models. In Part I balancing and sequencing problems are discussed, classified, and arranged within a hierarchical planning system. In the second edition special emphasis is given to u-shaped assembly lines which are important components of modern just-in-time production systems. Part II is concerned with exact and heuristic procedures for solving those decision problems. For each problem type considered, a survey of existing procedures is given and new efficient solution methods are developed. Comprehensive numerical investigations are reported.

Using the field of material culture as its methodological departure point, this Palgrave Pivot explains the strategic advantages that brands can set in place when their executives are fully in command of how to move from strategy to tactics. Specifically, it studies the brands, their products and signature experiences as well as their relationship with the consumer in an attempt to define the greater powers that have pushed fashion labels in and out of fashion. It focuses on case analysis of specific luxury fashion brands and attempts to link those to the greater context of material culture while also elaborating on theoretical discussions. Bridging theory and practice, this book explores the relationship between creative strategy and cultural intelligence.

Das Buch widmet sich der Hydro-Umformung, der wohl wichtigsten Verfahrensgruppe auf dem Gebiet der Umformung mit Wirkmedien, wobei das flussige Medium in einem Hohlraum wirkt, der durch Werkstuck und Dichtsystem abgeschlossen ist. Die Monographie ist sowohl Nachschlagewerk fur den in der Praxis tatigen Ingenieur als auch Lehrbuch fur Studierende. Schwerpunkte bilden Verfahrensgrundlagen, Prozessgestaltung, Werkzeugtechnik und Anlagenkomponenten fur die Hydro-Umformung. Dabei werden u.a. Verfahrenskenngrossen, Verfahrensvarianten, Werkzeugfertigung sowie Maschinen und Anlagensteuerung in besonderen Kapiteln behandelt. Fur die betrachteten Verfahrensvarianten werden typische Prozesslosungen und Versagensfalle mit zugehorigen Simulationsergebnissen diskutiert. Schliesslich wird die Bedeutung der FEM-Simulation fur die Prozessoptimierung dargestellt. Ein einfuhrender historischer Abriss und Betrachtungen zum Anwenderpotential sowie abschliessende Planungsbeispiele und Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen runden den Inhalt des Buches ab. Angefugt sind Symbol- und Stichwortverzeichnis sowie ein Literaturverzeichnis."

Das Kleben gilt in der industriellen Fertigung als unverzichtbare Alternative zum Schweissen und Loten. Den aktuellen Stand der Klebe-Technologie stellt das bewahrte, in der 6. Auflage erscheinende Fachbuch dar. Die Neuauflage dokumentiert den neuesten Wissensstand auf der Grundlage von zwolf nationalen und internationalen Fachzeitschriften sowie 140 nationalen und europaischen Patentschriften. Mit dem Buch sollen Klebstoffanwender und -hersteller in ihrem Bestreben unterstutzt werden, die Potenziale des Fertigungssystems Kleben nutzbar zu machen."

This book is a reassessment of British performance in manufacturing since 1850 in the light of new evidence on international comparisons of productivity. Using a novel analytical framework of technological evolution, Stephen Broadberry uncovers new ways of looking at Britain's relative economic decline while debunking a number of misapprehensions regarding the nature and causes of the decline. It analyses productivity levels in Britain, the United States and Germany and provides detailed case studies of all the major manufacturing industries, broken down into three periods: 1850-1914, 1914-50 and 1950-90. Broadberry offers a wide coverage of industries, with invaluable country-specific information. By combining a multitude of detailed productivity measurements with qualitative industrial and business history, he provides a major contribution to our understanding of British economic performance over the last 150 years.

This book examines the growth of the world silk industry. Professor Federico documents Western industrialization, the technical progress and the changing methods of production that enabled the silk industry to cope with increased demand. Silk became the first Japanese success story on the world market, with Italy retaining a sizeable share until labor was diverted as a result of its industrialization. Japanese industrialization also led its silk industry to a similar fate after the Second World War.

Dieses Fachbuch beschreibt in umfassender Weise Technologie, Anwendung und Einflusse von Bindemitteln bei der Holzwerkstoffherstellung. Besonderer Wert wird auf das Zusammenspiel und die gegenseitigen Beeinflussungen der drei Hauptparameter Holz, Bindemittel und Herstellungsbedingungen gelegt; diese drei Parameter haben entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Qualitat der produzierten Holzwerkstoffe. Die Schwerpunkte des Buches sind:
- Fragen der Zusammensetzung, Analyse, Eigenschaften und Anwendung der verschiedenen Bindemittel sowie ihres Einflusses auf die Qualitat der damit hergestellten Holzwerkstoffe.
- Technologische Grundlagen der Holzwerkstoffherstellung.
- Grundlagen der Verleimung und der Eigenschaften von Leimfugen.
- Technologisch/technische Grundlagen der Holzwerkstoffe.
- Prufung und Eigenschaften von Holzwerkstoffen. Durch zahlreiche Abbildungen und ubersichtliche Tabellen wird eine besonders hohe Informationsdichte erzielt."

The economics of the service sector has recently attracted a large attention. At a macroeconomic level, the discussion has been focused on the issues concerning the relationship between the expansion of the service industry and the potential for a stable and sustained growth. Slow productivity growth, due to the largely non tradable nature of the output, lack of competition due either to regulations or to barriers to entry are among the "bads" sometimes associated with a "service led" growth. On the other hand new working places are created in the service industries at a rate much higher than in the industrial ones. Is a lower rate of technological change and the continuing of inflationary tensions the price to pay for a sustained expansion of employment in the service sector? These are in a nutshell the questions that led CElS (Centre for International Studies on Economic Growth - University of Rome "Tor Vergata") to organize the International Seminar on "The Service Sector: Productivity and Growth" held in Rome in May 1993, whose revised proceedings are published in this volume. The economists and academicians invited to the conference have faced the issues mentioned above from different perspectives, but they concentrated especially on the problems relative to growth and productivity.

Taking a new approach to a relatively underexplored area, this book examines the concept of authenticity and its relevance to marketing management. The author draws on several disciplines, including arts, philosophy, sociology and psychology, as well as focusing on important sub-fields within the field of marketing such as consumer behaviour and tourism. Presenting data from interviews with managers and consumers, and summarising and critiquing recent developments within the field, From Arts to Marketing is a timely and much-needed addition to literature and will be useful to those researching consumer behaviour, brand management and marketing more generally.

This book serves a unique purpose within the world of engineering. It covers the economics of modern manufacturing and focuses on examining the techniques and methods from a cost perspective. It can be used by both students and professionals alike. The book is useful to students in industrial engineering and mechanical engineering programs as a primary textbook for engineering economy, production costing, and related courses. It can also be used by MBA students specializing in production management and finance. Specific topics of coverage include the computation of direct and indirect cost for manufacturing operations, including a variety of overhead operations in such an environment. Costing of manufacturing methods such as casting, forging, turning, milling, and welding is addressed along with inventory analysis. The book also includes fundamental concepts such as cash flow analysis, present and future worth analysis, and rate of return analysis. Related topics such as equipment replacement, comparison of alternatives, depreciation, buy versus make decisions, interest factors, and equivalence are covered in detail as well. Key Features: Addresses the costing of manufacturing operations through a step-by-step problem solving approach. Includes traditional engineering topics such as cash flow analysis, present worth, future worth analysis, replacement analysis, equivalence, and depreciation are addressed in depth as well. Offers a variety of solved examples that can be used to develop a thorough understanding of the underlying concept. Provides a number of practice problems at the end of each chapter. Presents a large number of figures and tables in almost every chapter, to assist in visualizing the concept and apply it successfully. Production Economics: Evaluating Costs of Operations in Manufacturing and Service Industries focuses on rigorous problem solving. Each topic is presented succinctly along with numerous solved examples, along with a large number of end-of-chapter practice problems where applicable.

Global value chains (GVCs) are fraught with the phenomenon of fragmentation and dispersion of production across the world. India presents a unique example with its high potential in manufacturing capability but low integration in GVCs. This book examines the reasons why India has failed to integrate within GVCs so far and looks at key examples to understand the impediments in this process. The chapters bring together case studies from across the manufacturing industry - labour-intensive (garment, paper and diamond), capital-intensive (automobile and petrochemical), and knowledge-intensive (semi-conductor microchip, chemical and pharmaceutical) sectors. Together, they present stories of successful integration of some firms in GVCs as well as the difficulties faced by them. The volume also highlights the importance of GVCs in the context of developing countries in terms of benefits such as income and value generation, knowledge and technology collaborations, and advances in systems and processes. This book will interest scholars and researchers in economics, international trade studies, development economics and business management as well as to practitioners, policymakers, government officials, and those in the corporate sector.

Why does Namibia’s economy look the way it does today? Was the reliance on raw materials for exports and on the service sector for employment an inevitability? And for what reasons has the manufacturing sector – the vehicle for economic development for many now-high income countries throughout the 19th and 20th centuries – seen its growth held back?

With these questions in mind, this book offers an extensive analysis of industrial development and economic change in Namibia since 1900, exploring their causes, trajectory, vicissitudes, context, and politics. Its focus is particularly on the motivations behind the economic decisions of the state, arguing that power relations – both internationally and domestically – have held firm a status quo that has resisted efforts towards profound economic change.

This work is the first in-depth economic study covering both the colonial and independence eras of Namibia’s history and provides the first history of the country’s manufacturing sector

There is now a widely accepted view among manufacturing and service organisations that 'operations' can provide the means of achieving competitive edge. The OMA-UK Sixth International Conference has taken this view as its theme and focuses in particular on how technology and people can be used to improve manufacturing and service competitiveness. These proceedings have been organised according to the topics addressed within the overall conference theme and generally fall within three broad areas: technology-based topics, human resource-based topics and general topics. The technology-based topics are: Materials Control, Supply Chain Management and Logistics Flexibility in Operations Systems Computer-Aided Management of Operations Design, Process Planning and 'Time to Market' Factors Application of KBS, Expert Systems and Modelling Production Planning and Control The human resource-based topics are: Work Organisation Human Factors Managing the Implementation of Technology Managing the Quality Improvement Process Education Training and Development Employee Participation and Involvement The general topics are: Operations Strategy International Comparisons and Country-based Papers Performance and Productivity Measurement and Improvement A particular feature of all the papers is that they emphasise the application of techniques, technologies and concepts rather than concentrating on specific functional description. The authors are drawn from around 14 countries and represent both the academic and industrial communities. Many are involved in the 'mainstream' of operations management while a number are from other disciplines relevant to the conference theme, such as industrial engineering and organisational behaviour.

The concrete tools manufacturing enterprises need to thrive in today's global environment

For a manufacturing enterprise to succeed in this current volatile economic environment, a revolution is needed in restructuring its three main components: product design, manufacturing, and business model. "The Global Manufacturing Revolution" is the first book to focus on these issues. Based on the author's long-standing course work at the University of Michigan, this unique volume proposes new technologies and new business strategies that can increase an enterprise's speed of responsiveness to volatile markets, as well as enhance the integration of its own engineering and business.

Introduced here are innovations to the entire manufacturing culture:

An original approach to the analysis of manufacturing paradigms

Suggested methods for developing creativity in product design

A quantitative analysis of manufacturing system configurations

A new manufacturing "reconfigurable" paradigm, in which the speed of responsiveness is the prime business goal

An original approach to using information technology for workforce empowerment

The book also offers analysis and original models of previous manufacturing paradigms' technical and business dimensions--including mass production and mass customization--in order to fully explain the current revolution in global manufacturing enterprises. In addition, 200 original illustrations and pictures help to clarify the topics.

Globalization is creating both opportunities and challenges for companies that manufacture durable goods. The tools, theories, and case studies in this volume will be invaluable to engineers pursuing leadership careers in the manufacturing industry, as well as to leaders of global enterprises and business students who are motivated to lead manufacturing enterprises and ensure their growth.

The proceedings of a congress concerning Open Communications, the basis for cost effective Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), are presented. The congress was sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, DG XIII (Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation), at Stuttgart's Annual Machine Tool Fair, 4-7 September 1990. The book provides an overview of international initiatives on implementing open communications in manufacturing/engineering environments, including available communication products on the market. Topics covered encompass industrial needs for open systems for manufacturing, pilot implementations in the USA, Japan and Europe, and introduction to MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) and NMT (Network Management). Technological solutions that enable the implementation of real multi-vendor environments and allow the full integration from design to manufacture or from order to distribution are also explained. Furthermore, the book highlights the work done in the ESPRIT flagship project, "Communication Network for Manufacturing Applications." During the project's lifetime several experimental and industrial pilot sites were commissioned and these are explained in detail. The book is unique in that it describes both the business strategy and the technological approach. It is aimed at decision makers and people that need to have an up-to-date technical understanding and awareness of future trends in manufacturing systems. Production Engineers, Systems Engineers, Technical Managers, Business Managers, EDP Staff, and Academics will find it useful.

Die 3. Auflage der Stahlkunde fur Ingenieure ist um Gusseisen erweitert. Zum ersten Mal sind die Werkstoffgruppen Stahl und Gusseisen in einem Buch zusammengefuhrt. Damit werden Lesern Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch grundsatzliche Unterschiede in ubersichtlicher Form nahe gebracht. Die bewahrte Aufbereitung des Stoffes von den Grundlagen des Gefuges, den Gebrauchs- und Fertigungseigenschaften bis zur Verarbeitung, Warmebehandlung und industrieller Anwendung von genormten und neueren Eisenwerkstoffen wird beibehalten. Sie reichen von unlegierten bis zu hoechstlegierten Sorten. Teil A (Grundlagen) umfasst die Kapitel Konstitution, Gefuge, Warmebehandlung, Eigenschaften. Teil B (Anwendung) enthalt die Kapitel Werkstoffe fur allgemeine Verwendung, Hoeherfeste Werkstoffe, Werkstoffe fur Randschichtbehandlung, Werkzeuge fur die Werkstoff- und Mineralverarbeitung, Chemisch bestandige Werkstoffe, Warmfeste Werkstoffe, Funktionswerkstoffe.