Handbook of Animal Models in Neurological Disorders will better readers' understanding of a large variety of animal models and their applicability in studying a number of neurological disorders. Featuring sections on brain injury, stroke and neuroinflammation, this volume discusses in detail the utility, success and pitfalls of multiple models for each condition. Multiple disorders are covered, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS, to multiple sclerosis, headache, migraine, and others. With expert authors, this book has applicability for anyone pursuing neuroscience or biomedical research working to better understand, study and ultimately treat neurological dysfunction.

The lymphatic system develops and functions in parallel with the blood circulatory system (termed the "hemovasculature") and accomplishes transport of interstitial fluids, dietary lipids, and reverse transport of cholesterol, immune cells, and antigens-providing a critical homeostatic fluid balance and transmission of immune cells and mediators back to the cardiovascular system. Although the daily flow of lymph (normally 1-2 L/day under unstressed conditions) is far lower than that of daily blood flow (which is 7,500 L/day), without the adequate functioning of the lymphatics, virtually all organs and tissues would acutely suffer many different physical and inflammatory stresses ranging from edema to organ system failure. Although blood and lymphatic vessels often form in anatomic parallels to one another, our knowledge of the workings of the lymphatic system, the fine structure of lymphatic networks, how they function in different organs, and how they are regulated physiologically and immunologically are far from parallel; our knowledge of the lymphatic system still remains at only a tiny fraction of what is understood about the cardiovascular system. Although both the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are important transport systems, what they transport and how they transport and propel these very different cargoes could not be more dissimilar. This book provides an overview of the history of the discovery (and re-discovery) of the components of the lymphatic system, lymphatic anatomy, physiological functions of lymphatics, molecular features of the lymphatic system, and clinical perspectives involving lymphatics which may be of interest to scientists, clinicians, patients, and the lay public. We provide a current understanding of some of the more important structural similarities and differences between lymphatics and the blood vascular system, their coordinated control by angiogenic and hemangiogenic growth factors and other modulators, the fate and lineage determinants which control lymphatic development, and the roles that lymphatics may play in several different diseases.

A New York Times bestseller and a Book of the Year for the Evening Standard and The Times.

Is getting a little less comfortable the key to living a happier, healthier life?

When journalist Scott Carney came across a picture of a man in his fifties sitting on a glacier in just his underwear, he assumed it must be a hoax. Dutch guru Wim Hof claimed he could control his body temperature using his mind and teach others to do the same. Sceptical, Carney signed up to Hof’s one-week course, not realising that it would be the start of a four-year journey to unlock his own evolutionary potential.

From hyperventilating in a Polish farmhouse to underwater weight training in California, and eventually climbing Mt Kilimanjaro wearing just shorts and running shoes, Carney travelled the world testing out unorthodox methods of body transformation and discovering the science behind them.

In What Doesn’t Kill Us he explains how getting a little less comfortable can help us to unlock our lost evolutionary strength.

This collaboration of two physiologists and a gastroenterologist provides medical and graduate students, medical and surgical residents, and subspecialty fellows a comprehensive summary of digestive system physiology and addresses the pathophysiological processes that underlie some GI diseases. The textual approach proceeds by organ instead of the traditional organization followed by other GI textbooks. This approach lets the reader track the food bolus as it courses through the GI tract, learning on the way each organ's physiologic functions as the bolus directly or indirectly contacts it. The book is divided into three parts: (1) Chapters 1-3 include coverage of basic concepts that pertain to all (or most) organs of the digestive system, salivation, chewing, swallowing, and esophageal function, (2) Chapters 4-6 are focused on the major secretory organs (stomach, pancreas, liver) that assist in the assimilation of a meal, and (3) Chapters 7 and 8 address the motor, transport, and digestive functions of the small and large intestines. Each chapter includes its own pathophysiology and clinical correlation section that underscores the importance of the organ's normal function.

Students entering advanced study of environmental physiology may have little experience in researching environmental physiology or may not realize the depth and breadth of the field. "Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology "offers the first complete look at the scope and major ideas of environmental exercise physiology. It provides students with a solid grounding in prominent research topics and a thorough understanding of the key concepts and current debates in the field. Using an integrative approach, " Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology," the first book in Human Kinetics' Advanced Exercise Physiology series, considers the human capacity to exercise in and tolerate various environments. Readers will examine the major impact of each environment explored, and they will discover areas of current debate to stimulate further research. The text also helps students directly link the research to athletic and occupational situations in various environments. Through "Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology, " students will learn the following: - The initial physiological responses upon exposure to an environment that a person is not adapted to - How the body adapts to repeated exposure to an environment - How various environments affect the ability to exercise and work - Individual variability in response to stressful environments Readers will also gain a firm knowledge of the application of basic exercise physiology to specific environmental stressors by looking at the countermeasures that people can take to minimize the impact of environmental stressors. Among the issues explored in this text are the effects of heat, hydration, and cold in the thermal environment; diving, altitude training, and other pressure effects on the human system; and the influences that pollution and air quality have on exercise. The text also explores the microgravity (space) environment and chronobiological rhythms and their effects on exercise performance. "Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology" addresses the primary environmental factors affecting people when they are exercising and competing in sport, and it provides evidence-based information with numerous references. By linking research with recommendations for real-world situations, this text serves as an invaluable resource for students and professionals alike. Human Kinetics' Advanced Exercise Physiology series offers books for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals in exercise science and kinesiology. These books highlight the complex interaction of the various systems both at rest and during exercise. Each text in this series offers a clear and concise explanation of the system and details how each is affected by acute exercise and chronic exercise training.

Arrestins: Structure and Function in Vision and Beyond examines the structural basis of the function of arrestin proteins in the brain. Linking basic, translational and clinical research, this volume begins with history and basic signaling principles and then expands to the use of proteins as potential therapeutic targets. Multiple cellular activities are detailed, including activation, signaling, GPCR endocytosis, and ERK signaling, with chapters examining both visual and non-visual arrestins. Experts in their respective fields are featured throughout, making this book essential reading for anyone who wants to explore the basic science underlying these signaling proteins.

Enzymes of Epigenetics, one of two new volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods that are employed to study epigenetic regulation and includes structural, biochemical, molecular, biological, cellular, computational, and systems approaches. Topics include chromatin structure and histones, posttranslational histone modification enzymes and complexes, histone modification binders, DNA modifications and nucleic acid regulators, epigenetic technologies and small molecule epigenetic regulators, and biological connections

Enzymes of Epigenetics: Part B, one of two new volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods that are employed in the study of epigenetic regulation, including structural, biochemical, molecular, biological, cellular, computational, and systems approaches. Topics include chromatin structure and histones, posttranslational histone modification enzymes and complexes, histone modification binders, DNA modifications and nucleic acid regulators, epigenetic technologies, and small molecule epigenetic regulators and biological connections.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for almost 50 years, "Methods in Enzymology" is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Each volume is eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with over 520 volumes and 40,000 chapters in the collection, much of the material is still relevant today and is truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences, including microbiology, biochemistry, cancer research, and genetics, just to name a few.

In this volume, number 545, we have brought together a number of core protocols concentrating on protein, carefully written and edited by experts.
Indispensable tool for the researcher Carefully written and edited by experts to contain step-by-step protocolsBrings together a number of core protocols concentrating on protein

Back to Basics in Physiology: O2 and CO2 in the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems exploits the gap that exists in current physiology books, tackling specific problems and evaluating their repercussions on systemic physiology. It is part of a group of books that seek to provide a bridge for the basic understanding of science and its direct translation to the clinical setting, with a final aim of helping readers further comprehend the basic science behind clinical observations. The book is interspersed with clinical correlates and key facts, as the authors believe that highlighting direct patient care issues leads to improved understanding and retention. Physiology students, including graduate and undergraduate students, nursing students, physician associate students, and medical students will find this to be a great reference tool as part of an introductory course, or as review material.

These new volumes of Methods in Enzymology (554 and 555) on Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling continue the legacy established by previous volumes on another gasotransmitter, nitric oxide (Methods in Enzymology volumes 359, 396, 440, and 441), with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field of hydrogen sulfide research. These volumes of Methods in Enzymology were designed as a compendium for hydrogen sulfide detection methods, the pharmacological activity of hydrogen sulfide donors, the redox biochemistry of hydrogen sulfide and its metabolism in mammalian tissues, the mechanisms inherent in hydrogen sulfide cell signaling and transcriptional pathways, and cell signaling in specific systems, such as cardiovascular and nervous system as well as its function in inflammatory responses. Two chapters are also devoted to hydrogen sulfide in plants and a newcomer, molecular hydrogen, its function as a novel antioxidant.

These new volumes of Methods in Enzymology (554 and 555) on Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling continue the legacy established by previous volumes on another gasotransmitter, nitric oxide (Methods in Enzymology volumes 359, 396, 440, and 441), with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field of hydrogen sulfide research. These volumes of Methods in Enzymology were designed as a compendium for hydrogen sulfide detection methods, the pharmacological activity of hydrogen sulfide donors, the redox biochemistry of hydrogen sulfide and its metabolism in mammalian tissues, the mechanisms inherent in hydrogen sulfide cell signaling and transcriptional pathways, and cell signaling in specific systems, such as cardiovascular and nervous system as well as its function in inflammatory responses. Two chapters are also devoted to hydrogen sulfide in plants and a newcomer, molecular hydrogen, its function as a novel antioxidant.

This book addresses instruments, methodologies and diagnostic methods used to evaluate and diagnose human movement, locomotion and physical status in general. Starting from historical perspective, the idea of understanding human locomotion by applying technical measurement devices and incorporating measurement data into physical representation of gross body movement is presented and explained, an approach known as inverse dynamics. With this approach as a kind of umbrella concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data processing methods are described. Modern instruments to capture body movement by measuring its kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyography (sEMG) are thus described; all systems being used dominantly-if not exclusively-in a movement analysis laboratory setting. Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also examples of movement patterns from selected kinesiological and sports activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical engineering approach to this subject matter. It illustrates how data collected and elaborated by modern engineering technology can complement traditional expert knowledge of a kinesiologist or a medical doctor. The book is applicable in the fields of sports, physical activities, as well as in medical diagnostics and rehabilitation. The examples of this book's practical application might be in evaluation of efficiency of human gait, in evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue in physical exercise, in biomechanical diagnostics of traumatological conditions requiring orthopaedic treatment and the like. This book can also be used in planning and executing research endeavours, particularly in a clinical context as a reference for various diagnostics procedures. It presents the lecture notes of a course carrying the same name within Medical Studies in English at the University of Zagreb for more than a decade.

Practical applications of physiology of exercise factual materials found in the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook are of paramount importance to understand the principles of training. The Applied Physiology of Exercise Laboratory Manual complements the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook where practical applications in both laboratory and field settings are shared. These practical applications are mostly through personal research at the Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, and Human Bioenergetics Laboratory of Singapore. The uniqueness of the laboratory sessions found in the manual was attested to the many hours of hard laboratory research work. For example, the Running Energy Research Index (RERI) Laboratory was born as a result of a 10-year long research. This laboratory research work, like the other researched laboratory sessions in the manual, is then used in practical sessions in physiology of exercise classes to fine-tune the best possible learning experiences for students. After a long process of fine tuning and constructive feasibility, the laboratory sessions became concrete and designed specifically for this manual.

Practical applications of physiology of exercise factual materials found in the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook are of paramount importance to understand the principles of training. The Applied Physiology of Exercise Laboratory Manual complements the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook where practical applications in both laboratory and field settings are shared. These practical applications are mostly through personal research at the Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, and Human Bioenergetics Laboratory of Singapore. The uniqueness of the laboratory sessions found in the manual was attested to the many hours of hard laboratory research work. For example, the Running Energy Research Index (RERI) Laboratory was born as a result of a 10-year long research. This laboratory research work, like the other researched laboratory sessions in the manual, is then used in practical sessions in physiology of exercise classes to fine-tune the best possible learning experiences for students. After a long process of fine tuning and constructive feasibility, the laboratory sessions became concrete and designed specifically for this manual.

Methodological Approaches for Sleep and Vigilance Research examines experimental procedures used to study the sleep-wake cycle, with topics covered by world leaders in the field. The book focuses on techniques commonly used in the sleep field, including polysomnography, electrophysiology, single- and multi-unit spiking activity recording, brain stimulation, EEG power spectra, optogenetics, telemetry, and wearable and non-wearable tracking devices. Further chapters on imaging techniques, questionnaires for sleep assessment, genome-wide association studies, artificial intelligence and big data are also featured. This discussion of significant conceptual advances into experimental procedures is suitable for anyone interested in the neurobiology of sleep.

This book is about the theory of Hot and Cold, a mutual fundamental base of traditional medicines all around the world. The theory describes the dynamic balance state of the body on the axis of hot and cold for each individual and proposes the fact that deviation from this equilibrium is a predisposing factor for diseases. Such an approach helps practitioners to provide treatments tailored to the patient's condition, not the disease. This book, for the first time, has gathered native descriptions of Hot and Cold theory in different traditional medicines, including traditional Chinese medicine, Persian (Humoral, Unani) medicine, Ayurvedic medicine and Latin American and Caribbean medicines. After defining the common ground, contemporary research - in nutrition, pharmacology, physiology and systems biology - has been explored using scientific methodology. This work is the result of an international collaboration of more than 30 scientists and scholars with high reputations in their fields. Hot and Cold theory, as a holistic individualized approach in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, can be merged into the novel fast-paced concepts in systems biology and precision medicine. Through this bridge, the authors propose that the Hot and Cold theory should be revisited more deeply by medical scientists, who are the main audience of this book, to pave the way towards integrated holistic personalized medicine.

Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2010, an explosion of spectacular discoveries in the field of regeneration has compelled the current revisit of the field of Regenerative Nephrology. This second edition features subjects as diverse as age and gender influencing regenerative processes; mechanisms and pathways of premature cell senescence affecting kidney regeneration; the ways intrinsic regenerative processes can become subverted by noxious stressors eventuating in disease progression; novel mechanistic and engineering efforts to recreate functional kidney or its component parts; cell reprogramming and reconditioning as emerging tools of future regenerative efforts; and effects of various biologicals on kidney regeneration. These newer additions to the armamentarium of Regenerative Medicine and Nephrology have become an integral part of the second edition of the book. Cutting-edge investigations are summarized by the constellation of the most experienced contributing authors coming together from around the world under the umbrella of the second edition.

"The Path from Biomarker Discovery to Regulatory Qualification "is a unique guide that focuses on biomarker qualification, its history and current regulatory settings in both the US and abroad. This multi-contributed book provides a detailed look at the next step to developing biomarkers for clinical use and covers overall concepts, challenges, strategies and solutions based on the experiences of regulatory authorities and scientists. Members of the regulatory, pharmaceutical and biomarker development communities will benefit the most from using this book-it is a complete and practical guide to biomarker qualification, providing valuable insight to an ever-evolving and important area of regulatory science.

For complimentary access to chapter 13, "'""Classic' Biomarkers of Liver Injury, " by John R. Senior, Associate Director for Science, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, please visit the following site: http: //tinyurl.com/ClassicBiomarkers
Contains a collection of experiences of different groups taking different types of biomarkers to different levels of qualification and provides insightful case studies of an important area of regulatory science

Focuses on practical advice, concepts, strategies and overall outcomes to support those working toward biomarker qualification for clinical use

Offers a valuable resource for members of the regulatory, pharmaceutical and biomarker development communities. "

Global Emergency of Mental Disorders is a comprehensive, yet easy-to-read overview of the neurodevelopmental basis of multiple mental disorders and their accompanying consequences, including addiction, suicide and homelessness. Compared to other references that examine the treatment of psychiatric disorders, this book uniquely focuses on their neurodevelopment. It is designed for neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology students, and various other clinical professions. With chapters on anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and others, this volume provides information about incidence, prevalence and mortality rates in addition to developmental origins. With millions worldwide affected, this book will be an invaluable resource.

This book aims at providing insights into the collagen superfamily and the remarkable diversity of collagen function within the extracellular matrix. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying collagen-related diseases such as dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, osteogenesis imperfecta, as well as collagen-related myopathies and neurological disorders are discussed. Collagens are the most abundant extracellular matrix proteins in organisms. Their primary function is to provide structural support and strength to cells and to maintain biomechanical integrity of tissues. However, collagens can no longer be considered just as structural proteins. They can act as extracellular modulators of signaling events and serve critical regulatory roles in various cell functions during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Furthermore, collagens are associated with a broad spectrum of heritability-related diseases known as "collagenopathies" that affect a multitude of organs and tissues including sensorial organs. The book is a useful introduction to the field for junior scientists, interested in extracellular matrix research. It is also an interesting read for advanced scientists and clinicians working on collagens and collagenopathies, giving them a broader view of the field beyond their area of specialization.

Pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease with no known cure. Here we provide a concise yet comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying signaling mechanisms involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and the exaggerated vascular contractility, two characteristic features of pulmonary hypertension, are discussed in depth. The roles of inflammation, immunity, and right ventricular function in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension are discussed. The epidemiology of the five groups of pulmonary hypertension (World Health Organization classification; Nice, 2013) is also briefly described. A clear understanding of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PH is essential for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms involved in this disease and for the development of new therapeutic modalities. This book should be of interest to researchers and graduate students, both in basic research and in clinical settings, in the fields of pulmonary vascular biology and pulmonary hypertension.