This book discusses the extraction, purification, modification, and processing of biobased materials and their various industrial applications, across biomedical, pharmaceutical, construction, and other industries. It includes contributions from experts on hybrid biopolymers and bio-composites, bioactive and biodegradable materials, bio-inert polymers, natural polymers and composites, and metallic natural materials. Therefore, this encyclopedia is a useful reference for scientists, academicians, research scholars, and technologists. Major challenges of biobased materials are their efficient development, cost-effective, and green & environment friendly production/applications. This encyclopedia answers these challenges to professionals and scientists for proper utilization of biobased materials. It presents the recent practices of biobased materials technology in different scientific and engineering domains. It helps the bounded industrial outcomes to reach the general readership of different domains. This encyclopedia bridges the technological gaps between the industrial and academic professionals and the novice young students/scholars. The interdisciplinarity of this encyclopedia makes it unique for a wide readership. The topic of biobased materials is currently popular in the scientific community, working in such following areas as Recycled materials, Renewable materials, Materials for efficiency, Materials for waste treatment, Materials for reduction of environmental load, Materials for easy disposal or recycle, Hazardous free materials, Materials for reducing human health impact, Materials for energy efficiency, Materials for green energy, etc. This is a relatively hot topic in materials science and has strong demands for energy, material and money savings, as well as heavy contamination problems, despite that the area of biobased materials belongs to most important fields of modern science & technology, no important encyclopedias have been published in the area of "biobased materials"

This book highlights recent advances in the field of plant-biotic interactions and explores current serious issues in the crop production industry. It is intended to attract more attention to these important, but often overlooked areas, and to stimulate new ideas for future research. Plants are constantly under attack by pathogens, pests, and parasites, which can significantly impact worldwide food production and human health. While pathogens and pests attack and interconnect with their hosts in a variety of ways, plants have developed sophisticated immune systems to fight infections. In the field of plant-biotic interactions, most of the studies to date have focused on the function and signaling pathways of plant disease resistance proteins and pattern recognition receptors, as well as pathogen effector proteins. In contrast, this book presents new and emerging research areas, and introduces students, researchers, academics, and policy advisors to the latest trends in e.g. microbial technology, environmental microbiology, agricultural science, the health sciences, biological sciences and other related disciplines.

With rise of smart medical sensors, cloud computing and the health care technologies, "connected health" is getting remarkable consideration everywhere. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought the vision of a smarter world into reality. Cloud computing fits well in this scenario as it can provide high quality of clinical experience. Thus an IoT-cloud convergence can play a vital role in healthcare by offering better insight of heterogeneous healthcare content supporting quality care. It can also support powerful processing and storage facilities of huge data to provide automated decision making. This book aims to report quality research on recent advances towards IoT-Cloud convergence for smart healthcare, more specifically to the state-of-the-art approaches, design, development and innovative use of those convergence methods for providing insights into healthcare service demands. Students, researchers, and medical experts in the field of information technology, medicine, cloud computing, soft computing technologies, IoT and the related fields can benefit from this handbook in handling real-time challenges in healthcare. Current books are limited to focus either on soft computing algorithms or smart healthcare. Integration of smart and cloud computing models in healthcare resulting in connected health is explored in detail in this book.

This book highlights treatment strategies for bacterial biofilms in connection with a variety of human diseases. In particular, it reviews bacterial biofilm formation and its mechanism. Topics covered include biofilms in human health, the role of biofilms in mediating human diseases, and methods for testing bacterial biofilms. Further sections concentrate on biofilm-mediated diseases in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract, while therapeutic strategies for biofilm control and natural agents that disrupt bacterial biofilms are also covered. Readers will also find the latest advances in probiotics and biofilms, as well as the use of probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms and antimicrobial resistance are discussed. Subsequent chapters address the management of inflammatory bowel disease via probiotics biofilms, as well as the role of probiotics bacteria in the treatment of human diseases associated with bacterial biofilms. The book is chiefly intended for clinicians/scientists in the fields of medical microbiology, applied microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology.

This book highlights recent advances in soft and stretchable biointegrated electronics. A renowned group of authors address key ideas in the materials, processes, mechanics, and devices of soft and stretchable electronics; the wearable electronics systems; and bioinspired and implantable biomedical electronics. Among the topics discussed are liquid metals, stretchable and flexible energy sources, skin-like devices, in vitro neural recording, and more. Special focus is given to recent advances in extremely soft and stretchable bio-inspired electronics with real-world clinical studies that validate the technology. Foundational theoretical and experimental aspects are also covered in relation to the design and application of these biointegrated electronics systems. This is an ideal book for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals involved in developing healthcare devices, medical tools and related instruments relevant to various clinical practices.

This book provides an insightful guide to the design, testing and optimization of micro-electrode-dot-array (MEDA) digital microfluidic biochips. The authors focus on the characteristics specific for MEDA biochips, e.g., real-time sensing and advanced microfluidic operations like lamination mixing and droplet shape morphing. Readers will be enabled to enhance the automated design and use of MEDA and to develop a set of solutions to facilitate the full exploitation of design complexities that are possible with standard CMOS fabrication techniques. The book provides the first set of design automation and test techniques for MEDA biochips. The methods described in this book have been validated using fabricated MEDA biochips in the laboratory. Readers will benefit from an in-depth look at the MEDA platform and how to combine microfluidics with software, e.g., applying biomolecular protocols to software-controlled and cyberphysical microfluidic biochips.

The Computational Biomechanics for Medicine titles provide an opportunity for specialists in computational biomechanics to present their latest methodologiesand advancements. Thisvolumecomprises twelve of the newest approaches and applications of computational biomechanics, from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, USA, France, Spain and Switzerland. Some of the interesting topics discussed are:real-time simulations; growth and remodelling of soft tissues; inverse and meshless solutions; medical image analysis; and patient-specific solid mechanics simulations. One of the greatest challenges facing the computational engineering community is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, the biomedical sciences, and medicine. We hope the research presented within this book series will contribute to overcoming this grand challenge.

The processing of medical images in a reasonable timeframe and with high definition is very challenging. This volume helps to meet that challenge by presenting a thorough overview of medical imaging modalities, its processing, high-performance computing, and the need to embed parallelism in medical image processing techniques to achieve efficient and fast results. With contributions from researchers from prestigious laboratories and educational institutions, High-Performance Medical Image Processing provides important information on medical image processing techniques, parallel computing techniques, and embedding parallelism in different image processing techniques. A comprehensive review of parallel algorithms in medical image processing problems is a key feature of this book. The volume presents the relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the area and provides detailed descriptions about the diverse high-performance techniques. Topics discussed include parallel computing, multicore architectures and their applications in image processing, machine learning applications, conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods, hyperspectral image processing, algorithms for segmenting 2D slices for 3D viewing, and more. Case studies, such as on the detection of cancer tumors, expound on the information presented. Key features: Provides descriptions of different medical imaging modalities and their applications Discusses the basics and advanced aspects of parallel computing with different multicore architectures Expounds on the need for embedding data and task parallelism in different medical image processing techniques Presents helpful examples and case studies of the discussed methods This book will be valuable for professionals, researchers, and students working in the field of healthcare engineering, medical imaging technology, applications in machine and deep learning, and more. It is also appropriate for courses in computer engineering, biomedical engineering and electrical engineering based on artificial intelligence, parallel computing, high performance computing, and machine learning and its applications in medical imaging.

Improving the quality of life for the disabled and elderly is a pressing issue for today s European societies, as Europe, and industrialized countries worldwide, are confronted with a demographic shift. Researchers are looking toward Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) as the solution to this problem. Wireless Technologies for Ambient Assisted Living and Healthcare: Systems and Applications provides a compendium of terms, definitions, and explanations of concepts and processes within the area of AAL. It focuses on innovative wireless solutions for smart home environments, which will positively contribute to independent living and quality of life for disabled and elderly individuals, as they rely less on caretakers and more on technology. Other topics include information and communication technologies related to health, new developments in distributed applications and interoperable systems, applications and services, wireless technologies and architectures for health monitoring systems, and wireless communication and sensor networks in smart living space.

This book provides an understanding of what is required to engineer and manufacture drug products. It bridges established concepts and provides for a new outlook by concentrating and creating new linkages in the implementation of manufacturing, quality assurance, and business practices related to drug manufacturing and healthcare products. This book fills a gap by providing a connection between drug production and regulated applications. It focuses on drug manufacturing, quality techniques in oral solid dosage, and capsule filling including equipment and critical systems, to control production and the finished products. The book offers a correlation between design strategies and a step-by-step process to ensure the reliability, safety, and efficacy of healthcare products. Fundamentals of techniques, quality by design, risk assessment, and management are covered along with a scientific method approach to continuous improvement in the usage of computerized manufacturing and dependence on information technology and control operations through data and metrics. Manufacturing and Quality Assurance of Oral Pharmaceutical Products: Processing and Safe Handling of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) is of interest to professionals and engineers in the fields of manufacturing engineering, quality assurance, reliability, business management, process, and continuous improvement, life cycle management, healthcare products manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, and computerized manufacturing.

Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications examines the latest trends on the capabilities of nanomaterials for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and explains how these materials can help to strengthen, miniaturize, and improve the quality of diagnostic devices. A thorough explanation of all-in-one nanosmart devices is included, incorporating all of the applications and fundamentals of these smart devices. This book provides practical information on the following: novel and effective smart materials, better-quality health management, effective management of a disease, potential point-of-care devices, and mobile nanosensors. Additional Features Includes in-depth research based collation of the latest trends of smart devices Provides practical information on all-in-one nanosmart devices Explains how nanomaterials can help to strengthen and improve the quality of diagnostic devices Emphasizes the development of smart nanodevices, especially the miniaturization aspect

In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine. Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

Implantable devices are a unique area for circuit designers. A comprehensive understanding of design trade-offs at the system level is important to ensure device success. Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices provides knowledge to CMOS circuit designers with limited biomedical background to understand design challenges and trade-offs for implantable devices, especially neural interfacing. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Neural interface Neural sensing amplifiers Electrical stimulation Embedded Signal Analysis Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants Next Generation Neural Interface Electronics

This volume provides a comprehensive introduction into methods and procedures on the preparation and characterization of animal tissue-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds primarily from bubaline, caprine, porcine, ovine, rabbit, rat and fish source. Chapters guide readers through decellularization protocol unique to the particular animal tissue and animal studies outcomes. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Tissue Scaffolds aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

Address brain and cognitive intelligence based control Combine neuroscience with robotics control Combine biomechanics with robotics control Provide applications used in such as human-robot interaction

Completely up to date with the latest examination changes, Get Through First FRCR: Questions for the Anatomy Module offers a valuable insight into the updated anatomy module of the First FRCR examination. Over 150 5-part picture questions are presented according to syllabus topics, accurately reflecting the content, style and level of difficulty of the actual examination questions. Anatomical images are included from all modalities commonly used in current radiological practice (plain x-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine). Each question includes a full explanation for each of the 5 stems, providing appropriate anatomy knowledge and relevant radiological learning points for the candidate. Featuring a wealth of practice questions plus one full mock examination, this book has been designed for candidates to assess their knowledge, identify topics that require further study and to build up confidence in preparation for the exam day. Written by Specialty Trainees in Radiology, Get Through First FRCR: Questions for the Anatomy Module is the essential revision tool for all First FRCR candidates preparing for the newly revised examination.

1) This book critically examines the medical biotechnology industry in India. 2) With the help of data and case studies, it showcases the role of various financial actors, state institutions, and academia in maintaining the biotechnology ecosystem. 3) This book will be of interest to departments of political economy and medical sociology across UK and USA.

This comprehensive and extensively classroom-tested biophysics textbook is a complete introduction to the physical principles underlying biological processes and their applications to the life sciences and medicine. The foundations of natural processes are placed on a firm footing before showing how their consequences can be explored in a wide range of biosystems. The goal is to develop the readers' intuition, understanding, and facility for creative analysis that are frequently required to grapple with problems involving complex living organisms. Topics cover all scales, encompassing the application of statics, fluid dynamics, acoustics, electromagnetism, light, radiation physics, thermodynamics, statistical physics, quantum biophysics, and theories of information, ordering, and evolutionary optimization to biological processes and bio-relevant technological implementations. Sound modeling principles are emphasized throughout, placing all the concepts within a rigorous framework. With numerous worked examples and exercises to test and enhance the reader's understanding, this book can be used as a textbook for physics graduate students and as a supplementary text for a range of premedical, biomedical, and biophysics courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It will also be a useful reference for biologists, physicists, medical researchers, and medical device engineers who want to work from first principles.

This book characterizes how to design and synthesize nanomaterials of an organic and mineral nature. The book also discusses the visualization of developed nanomaterials and their bio-applications, as well as describes the biomedical effects and environmental impact of nanomaterials. This is an ideal book for students studying biomedicine or the life sciences, as well as researchers and professionals in medicine, environmental protection, biotechnology, agriculture, and the food industry. More specifically, this book addresses the important nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies that are used in those fields in biomedicine and life sciences.

The introduction of low temperature plasma technology to medical research and to the healthcare arena in general is set to revolutionise the way we cure diseases. This innovative medium offers a valid and advantageous replacement of traditional chemical-based medications. Its application in the inactivation of pathogens in particular, avoids the recurrent problem of drug resistant microorganisms. This is the first book dedicated exclusively to the emerging interdisciplinary field of plasma medicine. The opening chapters discuss plasmas and plasma chemistry, the fundamentals of non-equilibrium plasmas and cell biology. The rest of the book is dedicated to current applications, illustrating a plasma-based approach to wound healing, electrosurgery, cancer treatment and even dentistry. The text provides a clear and integrated introduction to plasma technology and has been devised to answer the needs of researchers from different communities. It will appeal to graduate students and physicists, engineers, biologists, medical doctors and biochemists.

This volume covers a variety of topics related to the practice of rule-based modeling, a type of mathematical modeling useful for studying biomolecular site dynamics. There is an emphasis on software tools and detailed descriptions of techniques. The chapters in this book discuss topics such as software tools and frameworks for compartmental modeling (Pycellerator, RuleBuilder, Prgy, rxncon, MSMB, and ML-Rules); tools for spatial modeling (Simmune, Smoldyn, MCell-R, SRSim, and CellOrganizer); rule-based models to analyze proteomic data; model annotation; Markov chain aggregation; BioJazz; and methods to identify model parameters (Data2Dynamics, RKappa, and BioNetFit). Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary resources, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Modeling Biomolecular Site Dynamics: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both the novice and expert rule-based modeler. It will also appeal to systems biologists and help them enhance their studies with easy-to-read and write rule-based models.

This practical guide to biosimulation provides the hands-on experience needed to devise, design and analyze simulations of biophysical processes for applications in biological and biomedical sciences. Through real-world case studies and worked examples, students will develop and apply basic operations through to advanced concepts, covering a wide range of biophysical topics including chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and cellular electrophysiology. Each chapter is built around case studies in a given application area, with simulations of real biological systems developed to analyze and interpret data. Open-ended project-based exercises are provided at the end of each chapter, and with all data and computer codes available online (www.cambridge.org/biosim) students can quickly and easily run, manipulate, explore and expand on the examples inside. This hands-on guide is ideal for use on senior undergraduate/graduate courses and also as a self-study guide for anyone who needs to develop computational models of biological systems.

Not only does this book provide a comprehensive review of current research advances in collagen structure and mechanics, it also explores this biological macromolecule 's many applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Readers gain an understanding of the structure and mechanical behavior of type I collagen and collagen-based tissues in vertebrates across all length scales, from the molecular (nano) to the organ (macro) level.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.The chapter "Aggregation-Induced Emission In Electrochemiluminescence: Advances and Perspectives" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.