This volume contains papers presented at the 27th Taniguchi International Symposium, held in Sanda, Japan - focusing on the study of moduli spaces of various geometric objects such as Einstein metrics, conformal structures, and Yang-Mills connections from algebraic and analytic points of view.;Written by over 15 authorities from around the world, Einstein Metrics and Yang-Mills Connections...: discusses current topics in Kaehler geometry, including Kaehler-Einstein metrics, Hermitian-Einstein connections and a new Kaehler version of Kawamata-Viehweg's vanishing theorem; explores algebraic geometric treatments of holomorphic vector bundles on curves and surfaces; addresses nonlinear problems related to Mong-Ampere and Yamabe-type equations as well as nonlinear equations in mathematical physics; and covers interdisciplinary topics such as twistor theory, magnetic monopoles, KP-equations, Einstein and Gibbons-Hawking metrics, and supercommutative algebras of superdifferential operators.;Providing a wide array of original research articles not published elsewhere Einstein Metrics and Yang-Mills Connections is for research mathematicians, including topologists and differential and algebraic geometers, theoretical physicists, and graudate-level students in these disciplines.

The use of topological ideas to explore various aspects of graph theory, and vice versa, is a fruitful area of research. There are links with other areas of mathematics, such as design theory and geometry, and increasingly with such areas as computer networks where symmetry is an important feature. Other books cover portions of the material here, but there are no other books with such a wide scope. This book contains fifteen expository chapters written by acknowledged international experts in the field. Their well-written contributions have been carefully edited to enhance readability and to standardize the chapter structure, terminology and notation throughout the book. To help the reader, there is an extensive introductory chapter that covers the basic background material in graph theory and the topology of surfaces. Each chapter concludes with an extensive list of references.

This book presents original problems from graduate courses in pure and applied mathematics and even small research topics, significant theorems and information on recent results. It is helpful for specialists working in differential equations.

Over 140 examples, preceded by a succinct exposition of general topology and basic terminology. Each example treated as a whole. Over 25 Venn diagrams and charts summarize properties of the examples, while discussions of general methods of construction and change give readers insight into constructing counterexamples. Extensive collection of problems and exercises, correlated with examples. Bibliography. 1978 edition.

This advanced textbook on linear algebra and geometry covers a wide range of classical and modern topics. Differing from existing textbooks in approach, the work illustrates the many-sided applications and connections of linear algebra with functional analysis, quantum mechanics and algebraic and differential geometry. The subjects covered in some detail include normed linear spaces, functions of linear operators, the basic structures of quantum mechanics and an introduction to linear programming. Also discussed are Kahler's metic, the theory of Hilbert polynomials, and projective and affine geometries. Unusual in its extensive use of applications in physics to clarify each topic, this comprehensice volume should be of particular interest to advanced undergraduates and graduates in mathematics and physics, and to lecturers in linear and multilinear algebra, linear programming and quantum mechanics.

Combining theoretical and practical aspects of topology, this book provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to topological methods for the analysis and visualization of scientific data. Theoretical concepts are presented in a painstaking but intuitive manner, with numerous high-quality color illustrations. Key algorithms for the computation and simplification of topological data representations are described in detail, and their application is carefully demonstrated in a chapter dedicated to concrete use cases. With its fine balance between theory and practice, "Topological Data Analysis for Scientific Visualization" constitutes an appealing introduction to the increasingly important topic of topological data analysis for lecturers, students and researchers.

Offering the insights of L.S. Pontryagin, one of the foremost thinkers in modern mathematics, the second volume in this four-volume set examines the nature and processes that make up topological groups. Already hailed as the leading work in this subject for its abundance of examples and its thorough explanations, the text is arranged so that readers can follow the material either sequentially or schematically. Stand-alone chapters cover such topics as topological division rings, linear representations of compact topological groups, and the concept of a lie group.

The Only Undergraduate Textbook to Teach Both Classical and Virtual Knot Theory An Invitation to Knot Theory: Virtual and Classical gives advanced undergraduate students a gentle introduction to the field of virtual knot theory and mathematical research. It provides the foundation for students to research knot theory and read journal articles on their own. Each chapter includes numerous examples, problems, projects, and suggested readings from research papers. The proofs are written as simply as possible using combinatorial approaches, equivalence classes, and linear algebra. The text begins with an introduction to virtual knots and counted invariants. It then covers the normalized f-polynomial (Jones polynomial) and other skein invariants before discussing algebraic invariants, such as the quandle and biquandle. The book concludes with two applications of virtual knots: textiles and quantum computation.

The workshop was set up in order to stimulate the interaction between (finite and algebraic) geometries and groups. Five areas of concentrated research were chosen on which attention would be focused, namely: diagram geometries and chamber systems with transitive automorphism groups, geometries viewed as incidence systems, properties of finite groups of Lie type, geometries related to finite simple groups, and algebraic groups. The list of talks (cf. page iii) illustrates how these subjects were represented during the workshop. The contributions to these proceedings mainly belong to the first three areas; therefore, (i) diagram geometries and chamber systems with transitive automorphism groups, (ii) geometries viewed as incidence systems, and (iii) properties of finite groups of Lie type occur as section titles. The fourth and final section of these proceedings has been named graphs and groups; besides some graph theory, this encapsules most of the work related to finite simple groups that does not (explicitly) deal with diagram geometry. A few more words about the content: (i). Diagram geometries and chamber systems with transitive automorphism groups. As a consequence of Tits' seminal work on the subject, all finite buildings are known. But usually, in a situation where groups are to be characterized by certain data concerning subgroups, a lot less is known than the full parabolic picture corresponding to the building.

This book presents to the reader a modern axiomatic construction of three-dimensional Euclidean geometry in a rigorous and accessible form. It is helpful for high school teachers who are interested in the modernization of the teaching of geometry.

Ten amazing curves personally selected by one of today's most important math writers Curves for the Mathematically Curious is a thoughtfully curated collection of ten mathematical curves, selected by Julian Havil for their significance, mathematical interest, and beauty. Each chapter gives an account of the history and definition of one curve, providing a glimpse into the elegant and often surprising mathematics involved in its creation and evolution. In telling the ten stories, Havil introduces many mathematicians and other innovators, some whose fame has withstood the passing of years and others who have slipped into comparative obscurity. You will meet Pierre Bezier, who is known for his ubiquitous and eponymous curves, and Adolphe Quetelet, who trumpeted the ubiquity of the normal curve but whose name now hides behind the modern body mass index. These and other ingenious thinkers engaged with the challenges, incongruities, and insights to be found in these remarkable curves-and now you can share in this adventure. Curves for the Mathematically Curious is a rigorous and enriching mathematical experience for anyone interested in curves, and the book is designed so that readers who choose can follow the details with pencil and paper. Every curve has a story worth telling.

This volume contains the proceedings of the ICM 2018 satellite school and workshop $K$-theory conference in Argentina. The school was held from July 16-20, 2018, in La Plata, Argentina, and the workshop was held from July 23-27, 2018, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The volume showcases current developments in $K$-theory and related areas, including motives, homological algebra, index theory, operator algebras, and their applications and connections. Papers cover topics such as $K$-theory of group rings, Witt groups of real algebraic varieties, coarse homology theories, topological cyclic homology, negative $K$-groups of monoid algebras, Milnor $K$-theory and regulators, noncommutative motives, the classification of $C^*$-algebras via Kasparov's $K$-theory, the comparison between full and reduced $C^*$-crossed products, and a proof of Bott periodicity using almost commuting matrices.

This text, the first of two volumes, provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to a wide range of fundamental results from ergodic theory and geometric measure theory. Topics covered include: finite and infinite abstract ergodic theory, Young's towers, measure-theoretic Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, thermodynamics formalism, geometric function theory, various kinds of conformal measures, conformal graph directed Markov systems and iterated functions systems, semi-local dynamics of analytic functions, and nice sets. Many examples are included, along with detailed explanations of essential concepts and full proofs, in what is sure to be an indispensable reference for both researchers and graduate students.

This self-contained and highly detailed study considers projective spaces of three dimensions over a finite field. It is the second and core volume of a three-volume treatise on finite projective spaces, the first volume being Projective Geometrics Over Finite Fields (OUP, 1979). The present work restricts itself to three dimensions, and considers both topics which are analogous of geometry over the complex numbers and topics that arise out of the modern theory of incidence structures. The book also examines properties of four and five dimensions, fundamental applications to translation planes, simple groups, and coding theory.

Homogeneous spaces of linear algebraic groups lie at the crossroads of algebraic geometry, theory of algebraic groups, classical projective and enumerative geometry, harmonic analysis, and representation theory. By standard reasons of algebraic geometry, in order to solve various problems on a homogeneous space, it is natural and helpful to compactify it while keeping track of the group action, i.e., to consider equivariant completions or, more generally, open embeddings of a given homogeneous space. Such equivariant embeddings are the subject of this book. We focus on the classification of equivariant embeddings in terms of certain data of "combinatorial" nature (the Luna-Vust theory) and description of various geometric and representation-theoretic properties of these varieties based on these data. The class of spherical varieties, intensively studied during the last three decades, is of special interest in the scope of this book. Spherical varieties include many classical examples, such as Grassmannians, flag varieties, and varieties of quadrics, as well as well-known toric varieties. We have attempted to cover most of the important issues, including the recent substantial progress obtained in and around the theory of spherical varieties.

This book is a result of a workshop, the 8th of the successful TopoInVis workshop series, held in 2019 in Nykoeping, Sweden. The workshop regularly gathers some of the world's leading experts in this field. Thereby, it provides a forum for discussions on the latest advances in the field with a focus on finding practical solutions to open problems in topological data analysis for visualization. The contributions provide introductory and novel research articles including new concepts for the analysis of multivariate and time-dependent data, robust computational approaches for the extraction and approximations of topological structures with theoretical guarantees, and applications of topological scalar and vector field analysis for visualization. The applications span a wide range of scientific areas comprising climate science, material sciences, fluid dynamics, and astronomy. In addition, community efforts with respect to joint software development are reported and discussed.

This English version of the path-breaking French book on this subject gives the definitive treatment of the revolutionary approach to measure theory, geometry, and mathematical physics developed by Alain Connes. Profusely illustrated and invitingly written, this book is ideal for anyone who wants to know what noncommutative geometry is, what it can do, or how it can be used in various areas of mathematics, quantization, and elementary particles and fields.
Key Features
* First full treatment of the subject and its applications
* Written by the pioneer of this field
* Broad applications in mathematics
* Of interest across most fields
* Ideal as an introduction and survey
* Examples treated include:
@subbul* the space of Penrose tilings
* the space of leaves of a foliation
* the space of irreducible unitary representations of a discrete group
* the phase space in quantum mechanics
* the Brillouin zone in the quantum Hall effect
* A model of space time

The book contains 8 detailed expositions of the lectures given at the Kaikoura 2000 Workshop on Computability, Complexity, and Computational Algebra. Topics covered include basic models and questions of complexity theory, the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation, probability theory applied to algorithmics (randomized alogrithms), parametric complexity, Kolmogorov complexity of finite strings, computational group theory, counting problems, and canonical models of ZFC providing a solution to continuum hypothesis. The text addresses students in computer science or mathematics, and professionals in these areas who seek a complete, but gentle introduction to a wide range of techniques, concepts, and research horizons in the area of computational complexity in a broad sense.

In the early 1920s M. Morse discovered that the number of critical points of a smooth function on a manifold is closely related to the topology of the manifold. This became a starting point of the Morse theory which is now one of the basic parts of differential topology. Circle-valued Morse theory originated from a problem in hydrodynamics studied by S. P. Novikov in the early 1980s. Nowadays, it is a constantly growing field of contemporary mathematics with applications and connections to many geometrical problems such as Arnold's conjecture in the theory of Lagrangian intersections, fibrations of manifolds over the circle, dynamical zeta functions, and the theory of knots and links in the three-dimensional sphere. The aim of the book is to give a systematic treatment of geometric foundations of the subject and recent research results. The book is accessible to first year graduate students specializing in geometry and topology.

Combinatorics plays a prominent role in contemporary mathematics, due to the vibrant development it has experienced in the last two decades and its many interactions with other subjects. This book arises from the INdAM conference "CoMeTA 2013 - Combinatorial Methods in Topology and Algebra,'' which was held in Cortona in September 2013. The event brought together emerging and leading researchers at the crossroads of Combinatorics, Topology and Algebra, with a particular focus on new trends in subjects such as: hyperplane arrangements; discrete geometry and combinatorial topology; polytope theory and triangulations of manifolds; combinatorial algebraic geometry and commutative algebra; algebraic combinatorics; and combinatorial representation theory. The book is divided into two parts. The first expands on the topics discussed at the conference by providing additional background and explanations, while the second presents original contributions on new trends in the topics addressed by the conference.

The connective topological modular forms spectrum, $tmf$, is in a sense initial among elliptic spectra, and as such is an important link between the homotopy groups of spheres and modular forms. A primary goal of this volume is to give a complete account, with full proofs, of the homotopy of $tmf$ and several $tmf$-module spectra by means of the classical Adams spectral sequence, thus verifying, correcting, and extending existing approaches. In the process, folklore results are made precise and generalized. Anderson and Brown-Comenetz duality, and the corresponding dualities in homotopy groups, are carefully proved. The volume also includes an account of the homotopy groups of spheres through degree 44, with complete proofs, except that the Adams conjecture is used without proof. Also presented are modern stable proofs of classical results which are hard to extract from the literature. Tools used in this book include a multiplicative spectral sequence generalizing a construction of Davis and Mahowald, and computer software which computes the cohomology of modules over the Steenrod algebra and products therein. Techniques from commutative algebra are used to make the calculation precise and finite. The $H$-infinity ring structure of the sphere and of $tmf$ are used to determine many differentials and relations.

This text, the second of two volumes, builds on the foundational material on ergodic theory and geometric measure theory provided in Volume I, and applies all the techniques discussed to describe the beautiful and rich dynamics of elliptic functions. The text begins with an introduction to topological dynamics of transcendental meromorphic functions, before progressing to elliptic functions, discussing at length their classical properties, measurable dynamics and fractal geometry. The authors then look in depth at compactly non-recurrent elliptic functions. Much of this material is appearing for the first time in book or paper form. Both senior and junior researchers working in ergodic theory and dynamical systems will appreciate what is sure to be an indispensable reference.

This book is a significant companion text to the existing literature on continuum theory. It opens with background information of continuum theory, so often missing from the preceding publications, and then explores the following topics: inverse limits, the Jones set function T, homogenous continua, and n-fold hyperspaces. In this new edition of the book, the author builds on the aforementioned topics, including the unprecedented presentation of n-fold hyperspace suspensions and induced maps on n-fold hyperspaces. The first edition of the book has had a remarkable impact on the continuum theory community. After twelve years, this updated version will also prove to be an excellent resource within the field of topology.