In 1993, M Kontsevich proposed a conceptual framework for explaining the phenomenon of mirror symmetry. Mirror symmetry had been discovered by physicists in string theory as a duality between families of three-dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds. Kontsevich's proposal uses Fukaya's construction of the A -category of Lagrangian submanifolds on the symplectic side and the derived category of coherent sheaves on the complex side. The theory of mirror symmetry was further enhanced by physicists in the language of D-branes and also by Strominger-Yau-Zaslow in the geometric set-up of (special) Lagrangian torus fibrations. It rapidly expanded its scope across from geometry, topology, algebra to physics.In this volume, leading experts in the field explore recent developments in relation to homological mirror symmetry, Floer theory, D-branes and Gromov-Witten invariants. Kontsevich-Soibelman describe their solution to the mirror conjecture on the abelian variety based on the deformation theory of A -categories, and Ohta describes recent work on the Lagrangian intersection Floer theory by Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono which takes an important step towards a rigorous construction of the A -category. There follow a number of contributions on the homological mirror symmetry, D-branes and the Gromov-Witten invariants, e.g. Getzler shows how the Toda conjecture follows from recent work of Givental, Okounkov and Pandharipande. This volume provides a timely presentation of the important developments of recent years in this rapidly growing field.

Historically, science has strived to reduced complex problems to its simplest components, but more recently, it has recognized the merit of studying complex phenomena in situ. Fractal geometry is one such appealing approach, and this book discusses their application to complex problems in molecular biophysics. It provides a detailed, unified treatment of fractal aspects of protein and structure dynamics, fractal reaction kinetics in biochemical systems, sequence correlations in DNA and proteins, and descriptors of chaos in enzymatic systems. In an area that has been slow to acknowledge the use of fractals, this is an important addition to the literature, offering a glimpse of the wealth of possible applications. application to complex problems

On the basis of Hua Loo-Kengs results on harmonic analysis on classical groups, the author Gong Sheng develops his subject further, drawing togetherresults of his own research as well as works from other Chinese mathematicians. The book is divided into three parts studying harmonic analysis of various groups. Starting with the discussion on unitary groups in part one, the author moves on to rotation groups and unitary symplectic groups in parts 2 and 3. Thus the book provides a survey of harmonic analysis on characteristic manifold of classical domain of first type for real fields, complex fields and quaternion fields. This study will appeal to a wide range of readers from senior mathematics students up to graduate students and to teachers in this field of mathematics.

This book examines in detail approximate fixed point theory in different classes of topological spaces for general classes of maps. It offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject that is up-to-date, self-contained, and rich in methods, for a wide variety of topologies and maps. Content includes known and recent results in topology (with proofs), as well as recent results in approximate fixed point theory. This work starts with a set of basic notions in topological spaces. Special attention is given to topological vector spaces, locally convex spaces, Banach spaces, and ultrametric spaces. Sequences and function spaces-and fundamental properties of their topologies-are also covered. The reader will find discussions on fundamental principles, namely the Hahn-Banach theorem on extensions of linear (bounded) functionals; the Banach open mapping theorem; the Banach-Steinhaus uniform boundedness principle; and Baire categories, including some applications. Also included are weak topologies and their properties, in particular the theorems of Eberlein-Smulian, Goldstine, Kakutani, James and Grothendieck, reflexive Banach spaces, l_{1}- sequences, Rosenthal's theorem, sequential properties of the weak topology in a Banach space and weak* topology of its dual, and the Frechet-Urysohn property. The subsequent chapters cover various almost fixed point results, discussing how to reach or approximate the unique fixed point of a strictly contractive mapping of a spherically complete ultrametric space. They also introduce synthetic approaches to fixed point problems involving regular-global-inf functions. The book finishes with a study of problems involving approximate fixed point property on an ambient space with different topologies. By providing appropriate background and up-to-date research results, this book can greatly benefit graduate students and mathematicians seeking to advance in topology and fixed point theory.

Many advanced mathematical disciplines, such as dynamical systems, calculus of variations, differential geometry and the theory of Lie groups, have a common foundation in general topology and calculus in normed vector spaces. In this book, mathematically inclined engineering students are offered an opportunity to go into some depth with fundamental notions from mathematical analysis that are not only important from a mathematical point of view but also occur frequently in the more theoretical parts of the engineering sciences. The book should also appeal to university students in mathematics and in the physical sciences.

Ten years after publication of the popular first edition of this volume, the index theorem continues to stand as a central result of modern mathematics-one of the most important foci for the interaction of topology, geometry, and analysis. Retaining its concise presentation but offering streamlined analyses and expanded coverage of important examples and applications, Elliptic Operators, Topology, and Asymptotic Methods, Second Edition introduces the ideas surrounding the heat equation proof of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The author builds towards proof of the Lefschetz formula and the full index theorem with four chapters of geometry, five chapters of analysis, and four chapters of topology. The topics addressed include Hodge theory, Weyl's theorem on the distribution of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian, the asymptotic expansion for the heat kernel, and the index theorem for Dirac-type operators using Getzler's direct method. As a "dessert," the final two chapters offer discussion of Witten's analytic approach to the Morse inequalities and the L2-index theorem of Atiyah for Galois coverings. The text assumes some background in differential geometry and functional analysis. With the partial differential equation theory developed within the text and the exercises in each chapter, Elliptic Operators, Topology, and Asymptotic Methods becomes the ideal vehicle for self-study or coursework. Mathematicians, researchers, and physicists working with index theory or supersymmetry will find it a concise but wide-ranging introduction to this important and intriguing field.

The Geometry Toolbox takes a novel and particularly visual approach to teaching the basic concepts of two- and three-dimensional geometry. It explains the geometry essential for today's computer modeling, computer graphics, and animation systems. While the basic theory is completely covered, the emphasis of the book is not on abstract proofs but rather on examples and algorithms. The Geometry Toolbox is the ideal text for professionals who want to get acquainted with the latest geometric tools. The chapters on basic curves and surfaces form an ideal stepping stone into the world of graphics and modeling. It is also a unique textbook for a modern introduction to linear algebra and matrix theory.

The abstract homotopy theory is based on the observation that analogues of much of the topological homotopy theory and simple homotopy theory exist in many other categories (e.g. spaces over a fixed base, groupoids, chain complexes, module categories). Studying categorical versions of homotopy structure, such as cylinders and path space constructions, enables not only a unified development of many examples of known homotopy theories but also reveals the inner working of the classical spatial theory. This demonstrates the logical interdependence of properties (in particular the existence of certain Kan fillers in associated cubical sets) and results (Puppe sequences, Vogt's Iemma, Dold's theorem on fibre homotopy equivalences, and homotopy coherence theory).

This book presents the main mathematical prerequisites for analysis in metric spaces. It covers abstract measure theory, Hausdorff measures, Lipschitz functions, covering theorums, lower semicontinuity of the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure, Sobolev spaces of maps between metric spaces, and Gromov-Hausdorff theory, all developed ina general metric setting. The existence of geodesics (and more generally of minimal Steiner connections) is discussed on general metric spaces and as an application of the Gromov-Hausdorff theory, even in some cases when the ambient space is not locally compact. A brief and very general description of the theory of integration with respect to non-decreasing set functions is presented following the Di Giorgi method of using the 'cavalieri' formula as the definition of the integral. Based on lecture notes from Scuola Normale, this book presents the main mathematical prerequisites for analysis in metric spaces. Supplemented with exercises of varying difficulty it is ideal for a graduate-level short course for applied mathematicians and engineers.

This important reference - based on the proceedings of the Special Session on Geometry and Physics held over a six-month period at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and on articles from the summer school held at Odense University, Denmark - offers new contributions on a host of topics that involve physics, geometry, and topology. Written by more than 50 leading international experts, Geometry and Physics presents the Seiberg-Witten invariants that facilitate the solution of open problems in Donaldson's theory...describes applications of the Seiberg-Witten invariants...analyzes moduli spaces of semi-stable bundles over Riemann surfaces...addresses operator algebras and topology...demonstrates the planar topological aspects of subfactors...examines symplectic geometry and Einstein metrics...discusses novel ways of computing curvature and holonomy for the determinant line bundle...elucidates the new topic of finite type invariants of three-manifolds and relations with nonperturbative quantum invariants...delineates recent work on a purely topological approach to physics-inspired invariants...and much more. Generously illustrated and containing over 800 key bibliographic citations, Geometry and Physics is an indispensable resource for geometers, topologists, mathematical and theoretical physicists, and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

Fractal Geometry in Biological Systems was written by the leading experts in the field of mathematics and the biological sciences together. It is intended to inform researchers in the bringing about the fundamental nature of fractals and their widespread appearance in biological systems. The chapters explain how the presence of fractal geometry can be used in an analytical way to predict outcomes in systems, to generate hypotheses, and to help design experiments. The authors make the mathematics accessible to a wide audience and do not assume prior experience in this area.

This book is a collection of exercises for courses in higher algebra, linear algebra and geometry. It is helpful for postgraduate students in checking the solutions and answers to the exercises.

About one and a half decades ago, Feigenbaum, independently of Coullet and Tresser, observed that bifurcations, from simple dynamics to complicated ones, in a family of folding maps like quadratic polynomials follow an universal rule. This observation opened a new way to understanding transition from nonchaotic systems to chaotic or turbulent system in fluid dynamics and many other areas. The renormalization was used to explain this observed universality. This book is intended to bring the reader to the frontier of this active research area which is concerned with renormalization and rigidity in one dimensional dynamics. Most recent results and techniques developed by Sullivan and others (including the authors) in the past five years for an understanding of this universality as well as the most basic and important techniques in the study of one dimensional dynamics also included here.

This marvelous book of pictures illustrates the fundamental concepts of geometric topology in a way that is very friendly to the reader. The first chapter discusses the meaning of surface and space and gives the classification of orientable surfaces. In the second chapter we are introduced to the Moebius band and surfaces that can be constructed from this non-orientable piece of fabric. In chapter 3, we see how curves can fit in surfaces and how surfaces can fit into spaces with these curves on their boundary. Basic applications to knot theory are discussed and four-dimensional space is introduced.In Chapter 4 we learn about some 3-dimensional spaces and surfaces that sit inside them. These surfaces help us imagine the structures of the larger space.Chapter 5 is completely new! It contains recent results of Cromwell, Izumiya and Marar. One of these results is a formula relating the rank of a surface to the number of triple points. The other major result is a collection of examples of surfaces in 3-space that have one triple point and 6 branch points. These are beautiful generalizations of the Steiner Roman surface.Chapter 6 reviews the movie technique for examining surfaces in 4-dimensional space. Various movies of the Klein bottle are presented, and the Carter-Saito movie move theorem is explained. The author shows us how to turn the 2-sphere inside out by means of these movie moves and this illustration alone is well worth the price of the book!In the last chapter higher dimensional spaces are examined from an elementary point of view.This is a guide book to a wide variety of topics. It will be of value to anyone who wants to understand the subject by way of examples. Undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and non-professionals will profit from reading the book and from just looking at the pictures.

Based on a conference held in honor of Professor Tarow Indow, this volume is organized into three major topics concerning the use of geometry in perception:
* space -- referring to attempts to represent the subjective space within which we locate ourselves and perceive objects to reside;
* color -- dealing with attempts to represent the structure of color percepts as revealed by various experimental procedures; and
* scaling -- focusing on the organization of various bodies of data -- in this case perceptual -- through scaling techniques, primarily multidimensional ones.
These topics provide a natural organization of the work in the field, as well as one that corresponds to the major aspects of Indow's contributions. This book's goal is to provide the reader with an overview of the issues in each of the areas, and to present current results from the laboratories of leading researchers in these areas.

The Handbook and Atlas of Curves describes available analytic and visual properties of plane and spatial curves. Information is presented in a unique format, with one half of the book detailing investigation tools and the other devoted to the Atlas of Plane Curves. Main definitions, formulas, and facts from curve theory (plane and spatial) are discussed in depth. They comprise the necessary apparatus for examining curves.
An important and original part of the book is the Atlas, consisting of nearly 200 plane curve classes, more than 700 figures, and nearly 2,000 drawings of specific curves. The classes have been scrupulously chosen for their interesting and useful properties. The dynamics of each class is visually represented by a series of specially arranged precise drawings showing the qualitative change of a curve's behavior as the parameters defining the class vary.
The book provides numerous application examples, descriptions of mechanisms for drawing various curves, and discussions of geometric spline possibilities. It includes more than 20 various geometric and linguistic indices and an update on world literature on curve theory. The Handbook and Atlas of Curves will be an invaluable reference for researchers, practitioners, students, and amatuers of mathematics.

This volume contains the proceedings of the special session on Modern Methods in Continuum Theory presented at the 100th Annual Joint Mathematics Meetings held in Cincinnati, Ohio. It also features the Houston Problem Book which includes a recently updated set of 200 problems accumulated over several years at the University of Houston.;These proceedings and problems are aimed at pure and applied mathematicians, topologists, geometers, physicists and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

This book recounts the connections between multidimensional hypergeometric functions and representation theory. In 1984, physicists Knizhnik and Zamolodchikov discovered a fundamental differential equation describing correlation functions in the conformal field theory. The equation is defined in terms of Lie algebra. Kohno and Drinfeld found that the monodromy of the differential equation is described in terms of the quantum group associated with Lie algebra. It turns out that this phenomenon is the tip of the iceberg. The Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov differential equation is solved in multidimensional hypergeometric functions, and the hypergeometric functions yield the connection between the representation theories of Lie algebras and quantum groups. The topics presented in this book are not adequately covered in periodicals.

A traditional approach to developing multivariate statistical theory is algebraic. Sets of observations are represented by matrices, linear combinations are formed from these matrices by multiplying them by coefficient matrices, and useful statistics are found by imposing various criteria of optimization on these combinations. Matrix algebra is the vehicle for these calculations. A second approach is computational. Since many users find that they do not need to know the mathematical basis of the techniques as long as they have a way to transform data into results, the computation can be done by a package of computer programs that somebody else has written. An approach from this perspective emphasizes how the computer packages are used, and is usually coupled with rules that allow one to extract the most important numbers from the output and interpret them. Useful as both approaches are--particularly when combined--they can overlook an important aspect of multivariate analysis. To apply it correctly, one needs a way to conceptualize the multivariate relationships that exist among variables.
This book is designed to help the reader develop a way of thinking about multivariate statistics, as well as to understand in a broader and more intuitive sense what the procedures do and how their results are interpreted. Presenting important procedures of multivariate statistical theory geometrically, the author hopes that this emphasis on the geometry will give the reader a coherent picture into which all the multivariate techniques fit.

Presents the proceedings of the recently held conference at the University of Plymouth. Papers describe recent work by leading researchers in twistor theory and cover a wide range of subjects, including conformal invariants, integral transforms, Einstein equations, anti-self-dual Riemannian 4-manifolds, deformation theory, 4-dimensional conformal structures, and more.;The book is intended for complex geometers and analysts, theoretical physicists, and graduate students in complex analysis, complex differential geometry, and mathematical physics.

The articles in this volume are invited papers from the Marcus Wallenberg symposiumand focus on research topicsthat bridge the gapbetweenanalysis, geometry, and topology. The encounters between these three fieldsare widespread and often provide impetus for major breakthroughs in applications.Topics include new developments in low dimensional topology related to invariants of links and three and four manifolds; Perelman's spectacular proof of the Poincare conjecture; and the recent advances made in algebraic, complex, symplectic, and tropical geometry."

The aim of this work is to apply variational methods and critical point theory on infinite dimensional manifolds, to some problems in Lorentzian Geometry which have a variational nature, such as existence and multiplicity results on geodesics and Relations between such geodesics and the topology of the manifold (in the spirit of Morse Theory). In particular Ljusternik-Schnirelmann critical point theory and Morse theory are exploited. Moreover, the results for general Lorentzian manifolds should be applied to physically relevant space-times of General Relativity, like Schwarzschild and Kerr space-times.

Based on the Working Conference on Boundary Control and Boundary Variation held in Sophia-Antipolis, France, this work provides important examinations of shape optimization and boundary control of hyperbolic systems, including free boundary problems and stabilization. It offers a new approach to large and nonlinear variation of the boundary using global Eulerian co-ordinates and intrinsic geometry.

This volume contains papers presented at the 27th Taniguchi International Symposium, held in Sanda, Japan - focusing on the study of moduli spaces of various geometric objects such as Einstein metrics, conformal structures, and Yang-Mills connections from algebraic and analytic points of view.;Written by over 15 authorities from around the world, Einstein Metrics and Yang-Mills Connections...: discusses current topics in Kaehler geometry, including Kaehler-Einstein metrics, Hermitian-Einstein connections and a new Kaehler version of Kawamata-Viehweg's vanishing theorem; explores algebraic geometric treatments of holomorphic vector bundles on curves and surfaces; addresses nonlinear problems related to Mong-Ampere and Yamabe-type equations as well as nonlinear equations in mathematical physics; and covers interdisciplinary topics such as twistor theory, magnetic monopoles, KP-equations, Einstein and Gibbons-Hawking metrics, and supercommutative algebras of superdifferential operators.;Providing a wide array of original research articles not published elsewhere Einstein Metrics and Yang-Mills Connections is for research mathematicians, including topologists and differential and algebraic geometers, theoretical physicists, and graudate-level students in these disciplines.

Based on the lecture notes of a graduate course given at MIT, this sophisticated treatment leads to a variety of current research topics and will undoubtedly serve as a guide to further studies.