X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, one of the most powerful and flexible techniques available for the analysis and characterization of materials today, has gone through major changes during the past decade.

Fully revised and expanded by 30%, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Second Edition incorporates the latest industrial and scientific trends in all areas. It updates all previous material and adds new chapters on such topics as the history of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the design of X-ray spectrometers, state-of-the-art applications, and X-ray spectra.

Ron Jenkins draws on his extensive experience in training and consulting industry professionals for this clear and concise treatment, covering first the basic aspects of X rays, then the methodology of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and available instrumentation. He offers a comparison between wavelength and energy dispersive spectrometers as well as step-by-step guidelines to X-ray spectrometric techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis—from specimen preparation to real-world industrial application.

Favored by the American Chemical Society and the International Centre for Diffraction Data, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Second Edition is an ideal introduction for newcomers to the field and an invaluable reference for experienced spectroscopists—in chemical analysis, geology, metallurgy, and materials science.

An up-to-date review of X-ray spectroscopic techniques. This proven guidebook for industry professionals is thoroughly updated and expanded to reflect advances in X-ray analysis over the last decade. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Second Edition includes:

• The history of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry—new to this edition.
• A critical review of the most useful X-ray spectrometers.
• Techniques and procedures for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
• Modern applications and industrial trends.
• X-ray spectra—new to this edition.

The third book in Theodore Gray's bestselling Elements Trilogy, Reactions continues the journey through the world of chemistry that began with his two previous bestselling books The Elements and Molecules. With The Elements, Gray gave us a never-before-seen, mesmerizing photographic view of the 118 elements in the periodic table. In Molecules, he showed us how the elements combine to form the content that makes up our universe. With Reactions, Gray once again puts his photography and storytelling to work to demonstrate how molecules interact in ways that are essential to our very existence. The book begins with a brief recap of elements and molecules and then goes on to explain important concepts that characterize a chemical reaction, including Energy, Entropy, and Time. It is then organized by type of reaction including chapters such as "Fantastic Reactions and Where to Find Them," "On the Origin of Light and Color," "The Boring Chapter," in which we learn about reactions such as paint drying, grass growing, and water boiling, and "The Need for Speed," including topics such as weather, ignition, and fire.

Representing a new wave of research and analysis on Nazi human experiments and coerced research, the chapters in this volume deliberately break from a top-down history limited to concentration camp experiments under the control of Himmler and the SS. Instead the collection positions extreme experiments (where research subjects were taken to the point of death) within a far wider spectrum of abusive coerced research. The book considers the experiments not in isolation but as integrated within wider aspects of medical provision as it became caught up in the Nazi war economy, revealing that researchers were opportunistic and retained considerable autonomy. The sacrifice of so many prisoners, patients and otherwise healthy people rounded up as detainees raises important issues about the identities of the research subjects: who were they, how did they feel, how many research subjects were there and how many survived? This underworld of the victims of the elite science of German medical institutes and clinics has until now remained a marginal historical concern. Jews were a target group, but so were gypsies/Sinti and Roma, the mentally ill, prisoners of war and partisans. By exploring when and in what numbers scientists selected one group rather than another, the book provides an important record of the research subjects having agency, reconstructing responses and experiential narratives, and recording how these experiments - iconic of extreme racial torture - represent one of the worst excesses of Nazism.

Your biochemistry lab course is an essential component in training for a career in biochemistry, molecular biology, chemistry, and related molecular life sciences such as cell biology, neurosciences, and genetics. "Biochemistry Laboratory: Modern Theory and Techniques" covers the theories, techniques, and methodologies practiced in the biochemistry teaching and research lab. Instead of specific experiments, it focuses on detailed descriptions of modern techniques in experimental biochemistry and discusses the theory behind such techniques in detail. An extensive range of techniques discussed includes Internet databases, chromatography, spectroscopy, and recombinant DNA techniques such as molecular cloning and PCR. The Second Edition introduces cutting-edge topics such as membrane-based chromatography, adds new exercises and problems throughout, and offers a completely updated Companion Website.

Bored of the same old dinner-party chitchat? Spice up your soirees, impress your guests and show up your brother-in-law with these hilarious, and sometimes dangerous, after-dinner tricks and challenges. Twenty-one daredevil tricks are illustrated along with step-by-step instructions and explanations of the science behind them. From sabering a bottle of champagne to hammering a needle through a coin, each of these feats is guaranteed to wow your guests.

The first volume in the new Cambridge Handbooks in Behavioral Genetics series, Behavioral Genetics of the Mouse provides baseline information on normal behaviors, essential in both the design of experiments using genetically modified or pharmacologically treated animals and in the interpretation and analyses of the results obtained. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the genetics of naturally occurring variation in mouse behavior, from perception and spontaneous behaviors such as exploration, aggression, social interactions and motor behaviors, to reinforced behaviors such as the different types of learning. Also included are numerous examples of potential experimental problems, which will aid and guide researchers trying to troubleshoot their own studies. A lasting reference, the thorough and comprehensive reviews offer an easy entrance into the extensive literature in this field, and will prove invaluable to students and specialists alike.

The best source of practical, easily accessible information on this exciting new technique

CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Analytical chemists and biochemists have been turning to the technique of capillary electrophoresis with increasing frequency: it is fast, sensitive, easy to automate, requires only small sample volumes and reagent amounts, and has been successfully applied to an ever-expanding list of sample types. In Capillary Electrophoresis, analytical practitioners will find a complete, practical guide to the principles, forms, and instrumentation of this technique. The book presents clear and straightforward explanations of the method, its operating principles, and its different modes, including capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, and capillary isotachophoresis. Especially helpful is the material on developing a method: it offers practical guidance on CE modes, capillaries, run buffers, voltage requirements, sample pretreatments, injection modes and amounts, temperature settings, detector selections, buffer replenishment, and data reporting.

Capillary Electrophoresis will serve both as an excellent introduction to those who are new to the technique and as a comprehensive reference book to experienced practitioners. A complete and detailed index will assist the reader in quickly finding any topic of interest.

Adrenergic receptors are important modulators in the sympathetic c- trol of various metabolic processes in the central and peripheral nervous s- tems. These receptors are localized at multiple sites throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and serve as important regulators of CNS-mediated behavior and neural functions, including mood, memory, neuroendocrine c- trol, and stimulation of autonomic function. Adrenergic Receptor Protocols consists of 35 chapters dealing with va- ous aspects of adrenergic receptor analyses, including the use of genetic, RNA, protein expression, transactivator, second messenger, immunocytochemical, electrophysiological, transgenic, and in situ hybridization approaches. This volume details the use of various methods to examine the adrenergic receptor system, using aspects of the genetic flow of information as a guide (DNA? RNA ? transactivator ? protein expression ? second messenger analyses ? cellular analyses ? transgenic whole animal approaches). Adrenergic Receptor Protocols displays step-by-step methods for s- cessful replication of experimental procedures, and would be useful for both experienced investigators and newcomers in the field, including those beg- ning graduate study or undergoing postdoctoral training. The Notes section contained in each chapter provides valuable troubleshooting guides to help develop working protocols for your laboratory. With Adrenergic Receptor Protocols, it has been my intent to develop a comprehensive collection of modern molecular methods for analyzing adrenergic receptors. I would like to thank the many chapter authors for their contributions.

This book is a special edition, compiled for to the MSc Course Research Methodologies as taught at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering at Delft University of Technology. It is a compilation of useful chapters from several sources on how to structure, set up, carry out and write up your (thesis) research to aid you in writing your research plan. Next to that it acts as a companion during your thesis research. After introducing you to the philosophy of scientific research, subsequent chapters each contribute to the different phases of your research. The book uniquely allows for the often multi- or interdisciplinary research many of you carry out, based on the established Dutch university tradition of (semi-)independent student research, creating a thread through the process for you to follow. This edition is a collection of chapters from An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Research (2016), edited by Steph Menken and Machiel Keestra, and Academic Skills for Interdisciplinary Studies. Revised edition (2019), by Koen van der Gaast, Laura Koenders and Ger Post, published by Amsterdam University Press.

Mastering the art of communicating scientific information is more critical than ever for a successful career in science and technology. Scientists today must be able to effectively convey sophisticated information to a broad audience that may include students, colleagues around the world, regulatory bodies, granting agencies, legislators, and the lay public. In this engaging and lively book, the author provides a step-by-step guide to the complete process of making a scientific presentation from preparation to delivery. It offers numerous examples highlighting what to follow and what to avoid. This revised edition covers the effective use of PowerPoint (TM) and other computer-based presentation programs. It also includes a handy checklist, new illustrations, and tips on handling an audience in a foreign country.

Chemical and biochemical Laboratories are full of potentially dangerous chemicals and equipment. 'Safety in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory' provides the necessary information needed for working with these chemicals and apparatus to avoid: fires, explosions, toxic fumes, skin burns, poisoning and other hazards. Both authors, Andr? Picot and Philippe Grenouillet, are recognized authorities in the field of lab safety, and their book arrange the information not available in similar publications. It is addressed to members of Chemical Health& Safety as well as working chemists in labs everywhere. Also Lab managers will find the book a useful addition to their bookshelf.

The 1989 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in theUfe Scienceswas a continuationofa seriesofconfer encesheldbytheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency. Thefirsttook placeinAmsterdamin 1967, thesecondin Bledin 1972, andthethird inViennain 1978. Theaimoftheseconferenceshasbeentostimulate discussions between scientists who are working as biologists, envi ronmentalists, and physicians, and those who are working on the advancementofnuclear analytical techniques. The 1989 Conference was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly the National Bureau of Standards)inGaithersburg, Maryland. ThefocalpointoftheConfer ence was the presentation of results from multidisciplinary research involvingnuclear analytical techniques and their applications to the life sciences. Wehave obtained contributions from life sciencefields thatrelatethenuclear analyticalmethods to abroad scopeofbiologi cal, medical, and environmental applications. Deliberately, our defi nition of nuclear analytical techniques was made flexible. Methods and applications were treated in a more comprehensive way than thoseatestablished meetings. Particularconsideration was given to contributions from developing countries. We are indebted to many people and organizations for their assistancein making this symposium possible. TheConference was organizedbytheUSDepartmentofCommerce'sNISTincooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, by supplying both financial support and scientific expertise. The meeting was cospon soredbytheAmericanNuclearSociety, theUSDepartmentofEnergy, andtheFoodandDrugAdministration, whoprovidedbothorganiza tional and financial support. We hope that the results of this Conference, presented here, will stimulatethe developmentofnew collaborativeresearch efforts betweenthe life sciencesand analytical fields. Acontinuationofthis series ofconferences willbe a measureofthe successofthis interdis ciplinary collaboration."

This book derives from a 3 day intensive course on Pressure Vessel Design given regularly in the UK and around the world since 1986. It is written by experts in their field and although the main thrust of the Course has been directed to BS5500, the treatment of the material is of a general nature thus providing insight into other national standards.

Structure-Based Drug Design brings together scientists working on different aspects of the subject, demonstrating the necessary collaboration and interdisciplinary approach to this complex area. The focus is on X-ray crystallographic and computational approaches. The general aspects of these approaches are introduced in the first six articles. The remaining articles provide examples of the application of X-ray crystallography, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics, QSAR, database analysis, and homology modelling. The papers cover a wealth of interesting problems in the design of new and enhanced pharmaceuticals.

Successful Management of the Analytical Laboratory provides a comprehensive discussion of the problems that face analytical laboratory managers and presents proven techniques for improving the operation and performance of analytical labs. A wide range of topics are covered, including functions of various laboratory types (including a discussion of legal proceedings that involve defending laboratory data), staffing and organization, motivation, management and development of personnel, personal relations and communication, sample handling, workload optimization, equipment selection and justification, budgeting and cost control (including methods for calculating the dollar return on investments in capital equipment), and information management systems. The book emphasizes measures that managers can take to ensure quality performance in both the laboratory and its personnel while maintaining the overall cost effectiveness of the operation. The author uses case histories from his experience to illustrate the application of the management principles presented in this excellent book for new and experienced lab managers alike.

This book presents a detailed analysis of up-to-date literature on in vitro morphogenesis at cell, tissue, organ, and whole plant levels. Its driving force is the substantial advances made in the field of morphogenesis in tissue cultures during the last 25 years.

A revision of the leading text on experimental physics. The feature of this book that has made it one of the most loved texts on the subject is that it goes far beyond a mere description of key experiments in physics. The author successfully provides the reader with an understanding and appreciation of the 'physics' behind the experiments. The second edition will be an extensive revision introducing many new devices, including the use of computers and software programs, that have come into use since the publication of the first edition. In addition the important areas of condensed matter physics and optical physics will be added, including two entirely new chapters on lasers and optics.
.Modern analysis and acquisition techniques
.Integration with matlab for data analysis and display
.New experiments include fundamentals of lasers

1 2 Michel M. VERSTRAETE and Martin BENISTON 1 Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 2 Department of Geography, University of Fribourg, Switzerland This volume contains the proceedings ofthe workshop entitled "Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Simulations: Synergies and Limitations" that took place in Les Diablerets, Switzerland, September 20-24, 1999. This international scientific conference aimed at addressing the current and pot- tial role of satellite remote sensing in climate modeling, with a particular focus on land surface processes and atmospheric aerosol characterization. Global and regional circulation models incorporate our knowledge ofthe dynamics ofthe Earth's atmosphere. They are used to predict the evolution of the weather and climate. Mathematically, this system is represented by a set ofpartial differential equations whose solution requires initial and bo- dary conditions. Limitations in the accuracy and geographical distribution of these constraints, and intrinsic mathematical sensitivity to these conditions do not allow the identification of a unique solution (prediction). Additional observations on the climate system are thus used to constrain the forecasts of the mathematical model to remain close to the observed state ofthe system.

This volume, like those prior to it, features chapters by experts in various fields of computational chemistry. Two chapters focus on molecular docking, one of which relates to drug discovery and cheminformatics and the other to proteomics. In addition, this volume contains tutorials on spin-orbit coupling and cellular automata modeling, as well as an extensive bibliography of computational chemistry books.

FROM REVIEWS OF THE SERIES "Reviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry."—JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AND MODELLING

"One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful Reviews in Computational Chemistry. The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)."—JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Rarely does the world see as versatile a figure as Herbert Simon. A Nobel laureate in economics, he was an accomplished political scientist, winner of a lifetime achievement award from the American Psychological Association, and founder of the Department of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. In all his work in all these fields, he pursued a single goal: to create a science that could map the bounds of human reason and so enlarge its role in human affairs.

Hunter Crowther-Heyck uses the career of this unique individual to examine the evolution of the social sciences after World War II, particularly Simon's creation of a new field, systems science, which joined together two distinct, powerful approaches to human behavior, the sciences of choice and control. Simon sought to develop methods by which human behavior, specifically human problem-solving, could be modeled and simulated. Regarding mind and machine as synonymous, Simon applied his models of human behavior to many other areas, from public administration and business management to artificial intelligence and the design of complex social and technical systems.

In this informed and discerning study, Crowther-Heyck explores Simon's contributions to science and their influences on modern life and thought. For historians of science, social science, and technology, and for scholars of twentieth-century American intellectual and cultural history, this account of Herbert Simon's life and work provides a rich and valuable perspective.

The Diels-Alder reaction mechanism was first reported in 1928 and in the last 70 years has become one of the most commonly used and studied methodologies in organic chemistry. The reaction, which involves the addition of a diene to an alkene to form a six-membered ring, is particularly important in the synthesis of compounds of practical interest such as drugs, dyes, polymers, fragrances, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. The experimental procedure is very simple with generally good yields and minor side reactions. The use of organic solvents is not always necessary - an important factor when considering greener synthetic options. This book focuses on practice, describing procedures and techniques and as well as reporting on industrial applications. Graphical illustration presents the concepts in a clear and concise format, covering procedures and techniques employed to realize selective and clean syntheses based on the Diels-Alder methodology.

Key features:

• The first book to focus on practice, describing procedures and techniques used to carry out the Diels-Alder reaction.
• Describes a large variety of applications.
• Physical and catalytic methods to enhance selectivity of the Diels-Alder reaction are described.
• Includes practical procedures for Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions accomplished in conventional and non-conventional media.
• Draws attention to the potential for clean syntheses and green chemistry.
• Contains approximately 1000 references and a keyword index to facilitate the literature search.
• Summarizes the relevant literature of the last ten years.

Combined fields of Microbiology and Nanotechnology have been most successful in providing novel solutions for protecting the health of humans and environment. This book covers the implications of nano-strategies to combat bacterial pathogens, applications of nanotechniques in microbiology, and innovative advances in the area of medical microbiology. Contents are divided into three sections -- Nanoscience in controlling bacterial pathogens, Nanoscience in Microbiology, Medical Microbiology. This volume is going to provide timely information about the technological advances of Nanoscience in the domain of Microbiology, with a special emphasis on Pathobiology. The book is a useful read for students and researchers in microbiology, nanotechnology and medical microbiology.

Help your kids explore the wonders of science with over 100 easy and accessible experiments Science in Seconds for Kids: Over 100 Experiments You Can Do in Ten Minutes or Less, 2nd Edition makes learning science with your children fun and practical. Using ingredients and components found mostly in your home or classroom, Science in Seconds for Kids instructs caregivers and educators on how to create dazzling and enlightening experiments from scratch. This book utilizes bright and colorful illustrations and diagrams throughout, making the simple experiments even more accessible. Guide your kids through experiments including: Making rainbows on the floor Popping balloons with light Bending water from a faucet Making lightning in a room Keeping paper dry underwater The experiments will fascinate youngsters of all ages and encourage a love of science and learning that could last a lifetime. Science in Seconds for Kids is perfect for elementary, traditional, and homeschool educators, as well as parents, grandparents, and other caregivers.

This book is focused on the current status of industrial pollution, its source, characteristics, and management through various advanced treatment technologies. The book covers the recycle, reuse and recovery of waste for the production of value-added products. The book explores industrial wastewater pollution and its treatment through various advanced technologies and also the source and characteristics of solid waste and its management for environmental safety. It discusses new methods and technologies to combat the waste-related pollution and focuses on the use of recycled products. This book is of value to upcoming students, researchers, scientists, industry persons and professionals in the field of environmental science and engineering, microbiology, biotechnology, toxicology, further it is useful for global and local authorities and policy makers responsible for the management of liquid and solid wastes.

In the series of International Protoplast Symposia the Symposium of 1987 was held in Wageningen (The Netherlands). Earlier Symposia took place in Jena (DDR) 1963, Brno (CSSR) 1967, Salamanca (Spain) 1971, Nottingham (UK) 1975, Szeged (Hungary) 1979 and Basel (Switzerland) 1983. This 7th International Protoplast Symposium was organized by K.J. Puite (Secretary), J.J.M. Dons (Treasurer), H.J.Huizing and E.J.L. Hotke-Staal (Local Organizers), the first three persons being scientists, respectively, from the Research Institute Ital, the Institute for horticultural plant breeding IVT and the Foundation for agricultural plant breeding SVP at Wageningen. Scientific Advisers of the Symposium were A. J. Kool, M. Koornneef and F.A. Krens. The International Agricultural Centre lAC served as the Symposium location. The Organizing Committee decided that the scientific programme of the Symposium should be mainly focussed on protoplast technology of relevance to plant breeding. Therefore research on microbial protoplasts and on secondary metabolites was not included. About 250 scientists from 27 different countries were welcomed at the meeting. Speakers at Symposium Sessions and authors of Poster contributions were asked to hand over their manuscripts for the Symposium Proceedings already at the meeting, permit ting early publication of the Proceedings. These manuscripts give the state of the art of the protoplast research and illustrate the progress since the last Protoplast Symposium.