Structure-Based Drug Design brings together scientists working on different aspects of the subject, demonstrating the necessary collaboration and interdisciplinary approach to this complex area. The focus is on X-ray crystallographic and computational approaches. The general aspects of these approaches are introduced in the first six articles. The remaining articles provide examples of the application of X-ray crystallography, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics, QSAR, database analysis, and homology modelling. The papers cover a wealth of interesting problems in the design of new and enhanced pharmaceuticals.

This book presents a detailed analysis of up-to-date literature on in vitro morphogenesis at cell, tissue, organ, and whole plant levels. Its driving force is the substantial advances made in the field of morphogenesis in tissue cultures during the last 25 years.

This volume, like those prior to it, features chapters by experts in various fields of computational chemistry. Two chapters focus on molecular docking, one of which relates to drug discovery and cheminformatics and the other to proteomics. In addition, this volume contains tutorials on spin-orbit coupling and cellular automata modeling, as well as an extensive bibliography of computational chemistry books.

FROM REVIEWS OF THE SERIES "Reviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry."—JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AND MODELLING

"One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful Reviews in Computational Chemistry. The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)."—JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

1 2 Michel M. VERSTRAETE and Martin BENISTON 1 Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 2 Department of Geography, University of Fribourg, Switzerland This volume contains the proceedings ofthe workshop entitled "Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Simulations: Synergies and Limitations" that took place in Les Diablerets, Switzerland, September 20-24, 1999. This international scientific conference aimed at addressing the current and pot- tial role of satellite remote sensing in climate modeling, with a particular focus on land surface processes and atmospheric aerosol characterization. Global and regional circulation models incorporate our knowledge ofthe dynamics ofthe Earth's atmosphere. They are used to predict the evolution of the weather and climate. Mathematically, this system is represented by a set ofpartial differential equations whose solution requires initial and bo- dary conditions. Limitations in the accuracy and geographical distribution of these constraints, and intrinsic mathematical sensitivity to these conditions do not allow the identification of a unique solution (prediction). Additional observations on the climate system are thus used to constrain the forecasts of the mathematical model to remain close to the observed state ofthe system.

Rarely does the world see as versatile a figure as Herbert Simon. A Nobel laureate in economics, he was an accomplished political scientist, winner of a lifetime achievement award from the American Psychological Association, and founder of the Department of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. In all his work in all these fields, he pursued a single goal: to create a science that could map the bounds of human reason and so enlarge its role in human affairs.

Hunter Crowther-Heyck uses the career of this unique individual to examine the evolution of the social sciences after World War II, particularly Simon's creation of a new field, systems science, which joined together two distinct, powerful approaches to human behavior, the sciences of choice and control. Simon sought to develop methods by which human behavior, specifically human problem-solving, could be modeled and simulated. Regarding mind and machine as synonymous, Simon applied his models of human behavior to many other areas, from public administration and business management to artificial intelligence and the design of complex social and technical systems.

In this informed and discerning study, Crowther-Heyck explores Simon's contributions to science and their influences on modern life and thought. For historians of science, social science, and technology, and for scholars of twentieth-century American intellectual and cultural history, this account of Herbert Simon's life and work provides a rich and valuable perspective.

Combined fields of Microbiology and Nanotechnology have been most successful in providing novel solutions for protecting the health of humans and environment. This book covers the implications of nano-strategies to combat bacterial pathogens, applications of nanotechniques in microbiology, and innovative advances in the area of medical microbiology. Contents are divided into three sections -- Nanoscience in controlling bacterial pathogens, Nanoscience in Microbiology, Medical Microbiology. This volume is going to provide timely information about the technological advances of Nanoscience in the domain of Microbiology, with a special emphasis on Pathobiology. The book is a useful read for students and researchers in microbiology, nanotechnology and medical microbiology.

The Diels-Alder reaction mechanism was first reported in 1928 and in the last 70 years has become one of the most commonly used and studied methodologies in organic chemistry. The reaction, which involves the addition of a diene to an alkene to form a six-membered ring, is particularly important in the synthesis of compounds of practical interest such as drugs, dyes, polymers, fragrances, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. The experimental procedure is very simple with generally good yields and minor side reactions. The use of organic solvents is not always necessary - an important factor when considering greener synthetic options. This book focuses on practice, describing procedures and techniques and as well as reporting on industrial applications. Graphical illustration presents the concepts in a clear and concise format, covering procedures and techniques employed to realize selective and clean syntheses based on the Diels-Alder methodology.

Key features:

• The first book to focus on practice, describing procedures and techniques used to carry out the Diels-Alder reaction.
• Describes a large variety of applications.
• Physical and catalytic methods to enhance selectivity of the Diels-Alder reaction are described.
• Includes practical procedures for Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions accomplished in conventional and non-conventional media.
• Draws attention to the potential for clean syntheses and green chemistry.
• Contains approximately 1000 references and a keyword index to facilitate the literature search.
• Summarizes the relevant literature of the last ten years.

Many chemists - especially those most brilliant in their field - fail to appreciate the power of planned experimentation. They dislike the mathematical aspects of statistical analysis. In addition, these otherwise very capable chemists also dismissed predictive models based only on empirical data. Ironically, in the hands of subject matter experts like these elite chemists, the statistical methods of mixture design and analysis provide the means for rapidly converging on optimal compositions. What differentiates Formulation Simplified from the standard statistical texts on mixture design is that the authors make the topic relatively easy and fun to read. They provide a whole new collection of insighful original studies that illustrate the essentials of mixture design and analysis. Solid industrial examples are offered as problems at the end of many chapters for those who are serious about trying new tools on their own. Statistical software to do the computations can be freely accessed via a web site developed in support of this book.

Spark scientific curiosity from a young age with this six-level course through an enquiry-based approach and active learning. Collins International Primary Science fully meets the requirements of the Cambridge Primary Science Curriculum Framework from 2020 and has been carefully developed for a range of international contexts. The course is organised into four main strands: Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Earth and Space and the skills detailed under the 'Thinking and Working Scientifically' strand are introduced and taught in the context of those areas. For each Teacher's Guide at Stages 1 to 6, we offer: A comprehensive Teacher's Guide is easy to follow with a clear and consistent lesson plan layout, including built in continuous assessment The Teacher's Guide Plus ebook includes components such as slideshows, video clips, additional photographs and interactive activities Earth and Space content covers the new curriculum framework Thinking and Working Scientifically deepens and enhances the delivery of Science skills Includes practical activities that don't require specialist equipment or labs Scaffolding allows students of varying abilities to work with common content and meet learning objectives Supports Cambridge Global Perspectives (TM) with activities that develop and practise key skills Provides teacher support as part of a set of resources for the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework (0097) from 2020 This series is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education to support the new curriculum framework 0097 from 2020.

Most biologists use nonlinear regression more than any other statistical technique, but there are very few places to learn about curve-fitting. This book, by the author of the very successful Intuitive Biostatistics, addresses this relatively focused need of an extraordinarily broad range of scientists.

In the hopes of preserving these delightful devices for future generations, this collector of slide rules covers everything one could possibly want to know about this crude form of analog computer: from its invention in the 17th century to manufacturers- retailers, 1850-1998, and the Oughtred Soci

Drugs of Abuse: Neurological Reviews and Protocols is intended to provide insightful reviews of key current topics and, particularly, state-- the-art methods for examining drug actions in their various neuroanato- cal, neurochemical, neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, and molecular perspectives. The book should prove particularly useful to n- comers (graduate students and technicians) in this field, as well as to those established scientists (neuroscientists, biochemists, and molecular biologists) intending to pursue new careers or directions in the study of drugs. The book's protocols cover a wide variety of coherent methods for gathering inf- mation on quantitative changes in proteins and mRNAs at both tissue and cel- lar levels. Inducible gene expression in striatal neurons has been a hot topic over the last decade. Alterations in gene expression for a wide range of proteins in the striatum have been investigated in response to drug administration. Altered expression of given mRNAs and their product proteins constitutes essential molecular steps in the development of neuroplasticity related to long-term addictive properties of drugs of abuse. With the multiple labeling methods that are also described in the book, gene expression can be detected in a chemically identified cell phenotype; the expression of multiple genes of interest can be detected in a single cell simultaneously. Hundreds or thousands of gene expr- sion products can today be detected in one experimental setup using the pow- ful systematic cDNA macroarray or microarray screening technology. Moreover, protocols useful in analyzing the functional roles of genes and proteins (e. g.

Laboratory work is an essential part of undergraduate chemistry courses. The laboratory provides a setting for training not just in practical hand and instrument skills, but also for other skills such as planning, recording, interpreting and working in teams. However, students often learn little from their time in the laboratory and find it hard to make connections with lectures. Over half of third-level chemical students have no intention of becoming practising chemists anyway. Teaching staff may also feel pressured in relation to manpower, materials, time and safety. Carrying out exercises before and after laboratory sessions can maximise the benefit of practical work for higher education students. This books surveys existing materials for pre-laboratory and post-laboratory exercises in the chemical sciences. Twenty examples are given, and guidance is provided for constructing similar exercises.

The Analytical Methods Committee of the Royal Society of Chemistry has for many years been involved in national and international efforts to establish a comprehensive framework for achieving appropriate quality in chemical measurement.

This handbook attempts to select or define robust procedures that ensure the best use of resources and enable laboratories to generate consistent, reliable data. Written in concise, easy-to-read language and illustrated with worked examples, it is a guide to current best practice and establishes a control framework for the development and validation of laboratory-based analytical methods. Topics include samples and sampling, method selection, equipment calibration and qualification, method development and validation, evaluation of data and statistical approaches for method performance and comparison.

Valid Analytical Methods and Procedures will be welcomed by many organisations throughout the world who are required to prove that the validity of their analytical results can be established beyond reasonable doubt.

Related Title: Laboratory Scientific Glassblowing: Advanced Techniques and Glassblowing's Place in History'If you are interested in learning about glassblowing techniques for scientific glassware, then this book is an incredible opportunity to learn from a master glassblower. Much of this information is passed down in person, and to have it available in a book such as this is a very rare opportunity that you should not pass up.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineThis book explains and demonstrates the methods involved in scientific glassblowing. It describes elementary to advanced glass manipulation together with technical information on its safe use and development in the laboratory. Edited by Paul Le Pinnet (MBE), a scientific glassblower with over 50 years' experience in the field, experts in glassblowing are brought together to explain their methods and approaches used to produce a variety of glassware.Laboratory Scientific Glassblowing is a unique project which updates and develops the traditional art of glassblowing and brings it into the 21st century. New skills and materials are introduced, including descriptions of working with fused silica, on laser profile cutting and on the creation of artistic glassware in a scientific setting. Written specifically as a hands-on reference work, this book can be used as a step-by-step practical guide for practitioners and scientists as well as students and apprentices interested in the field.Contributions from: Michael Baumbach, MD of H Baumbach & Co; Paul Rathmill, Enterprise Q; William Fludgate, MD BioChem Glass (app) Ltd; Ian Pearson (Past Chairman BSSG), Editor, BSSG Journal; Gary Coyne, California State University USA; Konstantin Kraft-Poggensee, Former chairman, German Scientific Glassblowing Society; Keith Holden President of the Australian and New Zealand Glassblowing Society; Phil Murray, Churchill Fellow.

THIS VOLUME, LIKE THOSE PRIOR TO IT, FEATURES CHAPTERS BY EXPERTS IN VARIOUS FIELDS OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY. Volume 23 COVERS LINEAR SCALING METHODS FOR QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VARIATIONAL TRANSITION STATE THEORY, COARSE GRAIN MODELING OF POLYMERS, SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES, CONICAL INTERSECTIONS, ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION CONTENT USING SHANNON ENTROPY, AND HISTORICAL INSIGHTS INTO HOW COMPUTING EVOLVED IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY.

FROM REVIEWS OF THE SERIES

""Reviews in Computational Chemistry" remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry."
--"JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AND MODELLING"

"One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful "Reviews in Computational Chemistry." The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)."
--"JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY"

A nonneutral plasma is a many-body collection of charged particles in which there is not overall charge neutrality. The diverse areas of application of nonneutral plasmas include: precision atomic clocks, trapping of antimatter plasmas and antihydrogen production, quantum computers, nonlinear vortex dynamics and fundamental transport processes in trapped nonneutral plasmas, strongly-coupled one-component plasmas and Coulomb crystals, coherent radiation generation in free electron devices, such as free electron lasers, magnetrons and cyclotron masers, and intense charged particle beam propagation in periodic focusing accelerators and transport systems, to mention a few examples. Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas is a graduate-level text - complete with 138 assigned problems and the results from several classic experiments - which covers a broad range of topics related to the fundamental properties of collective processes and nonlinear dynamics of one-component and multispecies charged particle systems in which there is not overall charge neutrality. The subject matter is treated systematically from first principles, using a unified theoretical approach, and the emphasis is on the development of basic concepts that illustrate the underlying physical processes in circumstances where intense self fields play a major role in determining the evolution of the system. The theoretical analysis includes the full influence of dc space charge effects on detailed equilibrium, stability and transport properties. The statistical models used to describe the properties of nonneutral plasmas are based on the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations, the macroscopic fluid-Maxwell equations, or the Klimontovich-Maxwell equations, as appropriate, and extensive use is made of theoretical techniques developed in the description of multispecies electrically-neutral plasmas, as well as established techniques in classical mechanics, electrodynamics and statistical physics.Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas emphasizes basic physics principles, and the thorough presentation style is intended to have a lasting appeal to graduate students and researchers alike. Because of the advanced theoretical techniques developed for describing one-component charged particle systems, this book serves as a useful companion volume to Physics of Intense Charged Particle Beams in High Energy Accelerators by Ronald C Davidson and Hong Qin.

The detection of harmful chemicals and microbial pathogens in food and water destined for consumers is of paramount importance the world over and it is vital that new techniques and discoveries are widely disseminated. Bringing together international experts in the field, Rapid Detection Assays for Food and Water presents original, state-of-the-art research and a review of the established methods in this key subject area. Covering the four main areas of water microbiology, water chemistry, food microbiology and food chemistry, the book discusses highly sensitive chemical and biological detection systems. There are applications ranging from sample preparation methods to end detection. Subject areas include biosensors, the detection of pesticide residues, GM components, various chemicals and toxins as well as protozoan parasites and viral/bacterial pathogens in a wide range of materials. This book will be welcomed by researchers and professionals in industry, academia and government agencies.

Archaeologists and archaeology students have long since needed an authoritative account of the techniques now available to them, designed to be understood by non-scientists. This book fills the gap and it offers a two-tier approach to the subject. The main text is a coherent introduction to the whole field of science-based dating, written in plain langauge for non-scientists. Additional end-notes, however, offer a a more technical understanding, and cater for those who have a scientific and mathematical background.

Proceedings of a Seminar in the CEC Programme of the Coordination of Research on Plant Protein Improvement, held in Gembloux, Belgium, Sept. 3-5, 1985

Particle characterization is an important component in product research and development, manufacture, and quality control of particulate materials and an important tool in the frontier of sciences, such as in biotechnology and nanotechnology. This book systematically describes one major branch of modern particle characterization technology - the light scattering methods. This is the first monograph in particle science and technology covering the principles, instrumentation, data interpretation, applications, and latest experimental development in laser diffraction, optical particle counting, photon correlation spectroscopy, and electrophoretic light scattering. In addition, a summary of all major particle sizing and other characterization methods, basic statistics and sample preparation techniques used in particle characterization, as well as almost 500 latest references are provided. The book is a must for industrial users of light scattering techniques characterizing a variety of particulate systems and for undergraduate or graduate students who want to learn how to use light scattering to study particular materials, in chemical engineering, material sciences, physical chemistry and other related fields.

A collected series of the popular teaching articles from the open-access, online journal CBE-Life Sciences Education . The Allen-Tanner essays are practical guides that share insights and strategies for teaching science, appropriate for both the new instructor and those who have been teaching for many years.

Although the difficulties many students encounter when learning chemistry have been known and explored for decades, there is no consensus on how best to assist and assess their learning. Over the past ten years, the availability of a range of technological innovations that are intended to improve student learning and assessment has made the choice of teaching and assessment strategies more complex. Many teachers are rapidly adopting new technologies in teaching and assessment although their impacts have not yet been extensively studied. Many researchers have investigated the use of specific technologies in aspects of their teaching and assessment, and this book contributes to a growing body of literature that allows some generalizations to be drawn. Most importantly, specific strategies are described in detail making it possible for others to take advantage of the learning experiences and allowing practitioners to adopt the practice best suited to their needs. General tools for chemistry education range from tailored websites (including Web 2.0 interactive features), to optimizing the use of flipped classrooms, to the application of commercial packages in a coherent manner. The book focuses on these aspects of using technology directly in teaching chemistry. One area of great interest in chemistry education is the role of the teaching laboratory and how best to optimize laboratory learning. The use of short videos, animations, and best assessment practices are also covered. The chapters in the book reflect the somewhat different teaching contexts of the countries in which the authors work.

The production and the properties of nuclei in extreme conditions, such as high isospin, temperature, angular momenta, large deformations etc., have become the subject of detailed investigations in all scientific centers. The main topics discussed at the Symposium were: Synthesis and Properties of Exotic Nuclei; Superheavy Elements; Rare Processes, Nuclear Reactions, Fission and Decays; Experimental Facilities and Scientific Projects.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the newest results of the investigations in the main scientific centers such as GSI (Darmstadt, Germany), GANIL (Caen, France), RIKEN (Wako-shi, Japan), MSU (Michigan, USA), and JINR (Dubna, Russia).

Organic synthesis is a vibrant and rapidly evolving field; we can now cyclize amines directly onto alkenes. Like the first two books in this series, Organic Synthesis: State of the Art 2003-2005 and Organic Synthesis: State of the Art 2005-2007, this reference leads readers quickly to the most important recent developments. Two years of Taber's popular weekly online column, "Organic Chemistry Highlights", as featured on the organic-chemistry.org website, are consolidated here, with cumulative indices of all three volumes in this series. Important topics that are covered range from powerful new methods for C-C bond construction to asymmetric organocatalysis and direct C-H functionalization. This go-to reference focuses on the most important recent developments in organic synthesis, and includes a succinct analysis of the significance and applicability of each new synthetic method. It details and analyzes more than twenty complex total syntheses, including the Sammakia synthesis of the Macrolide RK-397, the Ley synthesis of Rapamycin, and the Kobayashi synthesis of (-)-Norzoanthamine.