First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Originally published between 1982 and 1991 the 3 volumes in this set Reflect the diversity in Hegelianism and every branch of philosophy which he contributed to. Examine Hegel's work in relation to Marx and Wittgenstein Discuss Hegel's social theory Examine British Hegelian thinking and the lines of its development Offer an interpretation of Hegelian theory that is relevant for the understanding of modern republican constitutions.

Contents:
Introduction
Mechanics and Cosmology
1. Descartes and the natural philosophy of the Coimbra commentaries Dennis Des Chene
2. Descartes' debt to Beeckman: inspiration, cooperation, conflict Klaas Van Berkel
3. The foundational role of hydrostatics and statics in Descartes' natural philosophy Stephen Gaukroger
4. Force, determination and impact Peter MaLaughlin
5. A different Descartes: Descartes' programme for a mathematical physics in his correspondence Daniel Garber
6. Casual powers and occasionalism from Descartes to Malebranche Desmond Clarje
7. Modelling nature: Descartes versus Reigus Theo Verbeek
8. The influence of Cartesian cosmology in England Peter Harrison
Method, Optics, and the Role of Experiment
9. NeoAristotle and method: between Zabarella and Descartes Timothy Reiss
10. Figuring things out: figurate problem-solving in the early Descartes Dennis Sepper
11. The theory of the rainbow Jean-Robert Armogathe
12. Descartes' opticien: the construction of the law of refraction and the manufacture of its physical rationales, 1618-1629 John A. Schuster
13. A 'science for honnêteshommes': La Recherche de la Vérité and the deconstruction of experimental knowledge Alberto Guillermo Ranea
14. Descartes, experiments, and a first generation Cartesian, Jacques Rohault Trevor McLaughlin
15. Cartesian physiology Annie Bitbol-Hesperies
16. The resources of a mechanist physiology and the problem of goal-directed processes Stephen Gaukroger
17. Bêtes machines Katherine Morris
18. Descartes' cardiology and its reception in English physiology Peter Anstey
Imagination and Representation
19. Descartes' theory of imagination and perspectival art Betsy Newell Decyk
20. From sparks of truth to the glow of possibility Peter Schouls
21. Descartes' theory of visual spatial perception Celia Wolf-Devine
22. Symposium on Descartes on perceptual cognition. Introduction John Sutton
Descartes and Formal Signs David Behan
Descartes' startling doctrine of the reverse sign relation Peter Slezak
Bibliography

Contents:
Preface Acknowledgments 1. Technology and Aggregate Demand in J. S. Mill's Economic System 2. The Role of Fixed Technical Coefficients in the Evolution of the Wages-Fund Controversy 3. Ricardianism, J. S, Mill and the Neo-Classical Challenge 4. On John Stuart Mill's Defence of Ricardian Economics 5. William Whewell and John Stuart Mill on the Methodology of Political Economy 6. `Dynamic Equilibrium' with Constant Wages: J. S. Mill's Malthusian Analysis of the Secular Wage Path 7. J .S. Mill on `Derived Demand' and the Wage-Fund Theory Recantation 8. Exogenous Factors and Classical Economics 9. The Relevance of John Stuart Mill; Some Implications for Modern Economics 10. John Stuart Mill as Economic Theorist 11. Commentary on `John Stuart Mill Interpretation Since Schumpeter' 12. John Stuart Mill's Methods in Principle and Practice: A Review of the Evidence (with Sandra Peart) 13. On J. S. Mill's Defence of Ricardo's Proportionality Theorum: A Longfield Connection?

Offers a reading of some of the lesser known and less lucid aspects of Kantian thought. Diane Morgan focuses her investigation on a reappraisal of Kant's writings on architecture, monarchy and faith in progress. Throughout her study Morgan challenges the widely held view of Kant as the exponent of concrete and rigid rationality and argues that his airtight "architectonic" mode of reasoning, which Kant identified in "The Critique of Pure Reason", overlooks certain topics which destabilize it. Themes such as temporary forms of architecture, like landscape gardening; examples which undermine the autonomy of the Kantian subject, for example freemasonry; and the concept of radical evil suggest that Kant's thought was capable of accommodating troubling and subversive themes. Morgan's discussion arrives at a perspective on Kant whereby he is no longer to be regarded as a concrete rationalist but as a daring thinker, not afraid to entertain ideas highly threatening to his own system and to the humanistic legacy of the Enlightenment.

Offers a reading of some of the lesser known and less lucid aspects of Kantian thought. Diane Morgan focuses her investigation on a reappraisal of Kant's writings on architecture, monarchy and faith in progress. Throughout her study Morgan challenges the widely held view of Kant as the exponent of concrete and rigid rationality and argues that his airtight "architectonic" mode of reasoning, which Kant identified in "The Critique of Pure Reason", overlooks certain topics which destabilize it. Themes such as temporary forms of architecture, like landscape gardening; examples which undermine the autonomy of the Kantian subject, for example freemasonry; and the concept of radical evil suggest that Kant's thought was capable of accommodating troubling and subversive themes. Morgan's discussion arrives at a perspective on Kant whereby he is no longer to be regarded as a concrete rationalist but as a daring thinker, not afraid to entertain ideas highly threatening to his own system and to the humanistic legacy of the Enlightenment.

Originally published in 1987. This book analyses what Englishmen understood by the term contract in political discussions during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It provides evidence for reconsidering conventional accounts of the relationships between political ideas, groups and practices of the period. But also suggests cause for examining the general history of modern European contract theory. It considers contract as a term appearing in a spectrum of works from philosophical treatise to sermons and polemical pamphlets. Looking at the various vocabularies relating to contractualist ideas, the author suggests that standard histories of social contract theory and particular histories of English political thought during this unstable period have misrepresented the meaning of the term contract as a key term in political argument. He shows that there were in fact three different categories of contract theory but allows that the various kinds of contractualism did share certain broad features. This study of a crucial age in the history of appeals to contract in political argument will be of interest to political philosophers and historians.

The history of politics can be represented as a series of demands for change followed in each case by a call for order and vice versa. Although a simplification, this pattern is reflected in political philosophy which helps both to record and, on occasion, to accelerate these alternate demands for liberty and authority.

Nietzsche and the Clinic reimagines what a sustained engagement with Nietzsche's thinking has to offer psychoanalysis today. Beyond the headlines that continue to misrepresent Nietzsche's project, this book portrays Nietzsche as a thinker of tremendous practical import for those treating the emergent pathologies of the twenty-first century with an interpretive approach. The more pressing wager of the book is that, by introducing Nietzsche's thinking into contemporary debates about the nature and function of the psychoanalytic clinic, the future of that clinic can be better secured against attempts to discredit its claims to therapeutic efficacy and to scientific legitimacy. Combining a close textual reading with examples drawn from concrete clinical practice, Nietzsche and the Clinic integrates philosophy and psychoanalysis in ways that move past a merely theoretical attitude, demonstrating how the relationship between philosophy and psychoanalysis can be expanded in ways that are both clinically specific and post-Freudian in orientation. Chapters include extended meditations on Nietzsche's relation to key themes in the work of Helene Deutsch, Wilfred Bion, Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, and Jacques Lacan.

Timothy O'Hagan investigates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings concerning the formation of humanity, of the individual and of the citizen in his three master works: the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality among Men, Emile and the Social Contract. He explores Rousseau's reflections on the sexes, language and religion.

O'Hagan gives Rousseau's arguments a close and sympathetic reading. He writes as a philosopher, not a historian, yet he never loses sight of the cultural context of Rousseau's work.

The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism comprises fifty specially written chapters on Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and Cartesianism, the dominant paradigm for philosophy and science in the seventeenth century, written by an international group of leading scholars of early modern philosophy. The first part focuses on the various aspects of Descartes's biography (including his background, intellectual contexts, writings, and correspondence) and philosophy, with chapters on his epistemology, method, metaphysics, physics, mathematics, moral philosophy, political thought, medical thought, and aesthetics. The chapters of the second part are devoted to the defense, development and modification of Descartes's ideas by later generations of Cartesian philosophers in France, the Netherlands, Italy, and elsewhere. The third and final part considers the opposition to Cartesian philosophy by other philosophers, as well as by civil, ecclesiastic, and academic authorities. This handbook provides an extensive overview of Cartesianism - its doctrines, its legacies and its fortunes - in the period based on the latest research.

This book is available either individually, or as part of the specially-priced Arguments of the Philosphers Collection.

First published in 1999, this volume endeavours to determine the coherence of David Hume's philosophical system. That is, to show that Hume' philosophy is founded upon nothing but his doctrine of belief, from which the entirety of Hume's philosophy may ultimately be derived. Paul A. Mwaipaya demonstrates the coherence of Hume's thoughts in order to show where it has been misunderstood and to dissolve confusing interpretations of Hume's philosophy. This ultimate commonality is derived through examinations of Hume's general theory of perception, Hume's theory of knowledge and probability and Hume's theory of passions and morality.

This collection reissues 17 titles that provide an excellent overview of 18th century philosophy - as well as the debates that surround the topic. Featuring works on Berkeley, Hume, Kant and Rousseau, among others, the collection examines a host of philosophical arguments by the leading thinkers of the time. It is an essential reference collection.

Paulin J. Hountondji is one of the most important and controversial figures in contemporary African philosophy. His critique of ethnophilosophy as a colonial, exoticising and racialized undertaking provoked contentious debates among African intellectuals on the proper methods and scope of philosophy and science in an African and global context since the 1970s. His radical pledge for scientific autonomy from the global system of knowledge production made him turn to endogenous forms of practising science in academia. The horizon of his philosophy is the quest for critical universality from a historical, and situated perspective. Finally, his call for a notion of culture that is antithetical to political movements focused on a single identitarian doctrine or exclusionary norms shows how timely his political thought remains to this day. This book gives a comprehensive overview of Hountondji's philosophical arguments and provides detailed information on the historical and political background of his intellectual oeuvre. It situates Hountondji in the dialogue with his African colleagues and explores links to current debates in philosophy, cultural studies, postcolonialism and the social sciences.

Early Modern German Philosophy (1690-1750) makes some of the key texts of early German thought available in English, in most cases for the first time. The translations range from texts by the most important figures of the period, including Christian Thomasius, Christian Wolff, Christian August Crusius, and Georg Friedrich Meier, as well as texts by consequential but less familiar thinkers such as Dorothea Christiane Erxleben, Theodor Ludwig Lau, Friedrich Wilhelm Stosch, and Joachim Lange. The topics covered range across a number of areas of theoretical philosophy, including metaphysics (the immortality of the soul, materialism and its refutation, the pre-established harmony), epistemology (the principle of sufficient reason, the limits of reason with respect to matters of faith), and logic (the role of prejudices in cognition and the doctrine of truth). These texts are intended to showcase German philosophy in the early Modern period as a far richer tradition than it is typically given credit for, and indeed as much more than either a footnote to Leibniz or merely a step on the way to Kant. This collection is a valuable resource for students and scholars interested in the early modern German tradition and the often neglected works that enlightened it.

The traditional account of mind/body union attributed to Descartes supposes that the immaterial, thinking mind and the material, non-thinking body interact by means of efficient causation - that the mind causes events in the body, e.g. the voluntary raising of an arm, and vice versa, e.g. the visual sensation of a tree. But this gives rise to a notorious philosophical problem: how can this causal interaction occur between the spiritual mind and the physical body since they have absolutely nothing in common and cannot come into contact with one another?Justin Skirry's book shows how Descartes in fact avoids this enormous problem. Skirry argues, through a critical re-examination of Cartesian metaphysics, that the union of mind and body is not, as most scholars have always maintained, constituted by efficient causal interaction for Descartes, because this would not result in one, complete human nature but in an aggregate of two numerically distinct natures. Descartes argues in the 6th Meditation and elsewhere that mind/body union is constituted by what the scholastics called a 'substantial union', i.e. the union that form (mind) has with matter (body). This substantial union produces a whole that is more than the sum of its parts; the capacity for modes of sensation and voluntary bodily movement are emergent properties of the whole, substantially united mind and body. Therefore, the 'Cartesian' problem of mind-body efficient causal interaction is avoided altogether, since efficient causal occurrences between mind and body play no role in explaining the existence of these modes.

While Nietzsche's works and ideas are relevant across the many branches of philosophy, the themes of contest and conflict have been mostly overlooked. Conflict and Contest in Nietzsche's Philosophy redresses this situation, arguing for the importance of these issues throughout Nietzsche's work. The volume has three key lines of inquiry: Nietzsche's ontology of conflict; Nietzsche's conception of the agon; and Nietzsche's warrior-philosophy. Under these three umbrellas is a collection of insightful and provocative essays considering, among other topics, Nietzsche's understanding of resistance; his engagement with classical thinkers alongside his contemporaries, including Jacob Burckhardt; his views on language, metaphor and aphorism; and war, revolt and terror. In bringing together such topics, Conflict and Contest in Nietzsche's Philosophy seeks to correct the one-sided tendencies within the existing literature to read simply 'hard' and 'soft' analyses of conflict. Written by scholars across the Anglophone and the European traditions, within and beyond philosophy, this collection emphasises the entire problematic of conflict in Nietzsche's thought and its relation to his philosophical and literary practice.

This Handbook explores the complex relations between two great schools of continental philosophy: German idealism and existentialism. While the existentialists are commonly thought to have rejected idealism as overly abstract and neglectful of the concrete experience of the individual, the chapters in this collection reveal that the German idealists in fact anticipated many key existentialist ideas. A radically new vision of the history of continental philosophy is thereby established, one that understands existentialism as a continuous development from German idealism. Key Features Operates at both the macro-level and micro-level, treating both the two schools of thought and the individual thinkers associated with them Explores the relations from shifting perspectives by examining how the German idealists anticipated existentialist themes and how the existentialists concretely drew on the work of the idealists Meticulously uncovers and documents many little-known points of contact between the German idealists and the existentialists Includes often neglected figures such as Jacobi and Trendelenburg This Handbook is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students interested in thinking critically about the broad development of continental philosophy. Moreover, the individual chapters on specific philosophers contain a wealth of information that will compel experts in the field to reconsider their views on these figures.

Examines how Nietzschean ideas influenced the composition of Mahler's first four, so-called Wunderhorn, symphonies. Gustav Mahler and Friedrich Nietzsche both exercised a tremendous influence over the twentieth century. All the more fascinating, then, is Mahler's intellectual engagement with the writings of Nietzsche. Given the limited and frequently cryptic nature of the composer's own comments on Nietzsche, Mahler's specific understanding of the elusive thinker is achieved through the examination of Nietzsche's reception amongst the people who introduced composer to philosopher: members of the Pernerstorfer Circle at the University of Vienna. Mahler's Nietzsche draws on a variety of primary sources to answer two key questions. The first is hermeneutic: what do Mahler's allusions to Nietzsche mean? The second is creative: how can Mahler's own characterization of Nietzsche as an "epoch-making influence" be identified in his compositional techniques? By answering these two questions, the book paints a more accurate picture of the intersections of the arts, philosophy and politics in fin-de-siecle Vienna. Mahler's Nietzsche will be required reading for scholars and students of nineteenth and early twentieth century German music and philosophy.

Library of Liberal Arts title.

How much does what we think depend on what we want? Descartes' much-discussed position has often been interpreted to mean that we hold an opinion as the result of a decision. In Scepticism, Freedom and Autonomy, Araujo argues against this interpretation, asserting that we retain control over our opinions only through selective attention. Even for this limited control, however, Cartesian Scepticism implies the possibility of self-delusion, symbolized in the writings of Descartes by the figure of the evil god. Hence, the existence of an evil god would not only cast doubt on our claims to knowledge but also jeopardize our freedom. In this new interpretation, the Cartesian Scepticism, which is usually ascribed only epistemic significance, proves relevant for a fundamental moral question, that of human autonomy in general.

There has been a recent revival of interest in reading Kierkegaard as an ontologist, as a thinker who engages with questions about the kinds of entity or process that constitute ultimate reality. This new way of reading Kierkegaard stands alongside a revival of interest in ontology and metaphysics more generally. This highly original book concentrates on the claim that Kierkegaard focuses in part on ontological questions and on issues pertaining to the nature of being as a whole. Alison Assiter asserts that Being, for Kierkegaard, following Schelling, can be read in terms of conceptions of birthing-the capacity to give birth as well as the notion of a birthing body. She goes on to argue that the story offered by Kierkegaard in The Concept of Anxiety about the origin of freedom connects with a birthing body, and that Kierkegaard offers a speculative hypothesis, in terms of metaphors of birthing, about the nature of Being.

Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy - not to mention one of the most challenging. Its topic is the nature of human knowledge, and the question of whether or not it is possible to have knowledge of the world at all. Over two centuries later, Kant's treatise remains a subject of fierce debate among philosophers, who continue to offer new interpretations of his meaning. What is not in doubt is the work's originality and brilliance - nor its mastery of creative thinking. Creative thinkers are able to bring a new perspective to questions and problems, look at things from a different angle, and show them in a fresh light. Kant achieved this by mediating between the two major schools of philosophical thought concerning knowledge - empiricism and rationalism - to create a complex third way. Where empiricists believed all knowledge is founded on experience, and rationalists believed true knowledge is founded on reason alone, Kant evaluated their arguments and proposed a third position - one incorporating elements of both, but within specific limits. As infamously dense as it is profound, Kant's Critique shows creative thinking operating at a level few can aspire to reach.