Racist Violence and the State is the first serious study to apply a comparative research-based approach to the study of racist violence in Britain, France and The Netherlands since 1945. Setting racist violence within a historical background of the post-imperialist legacy, the author presents an accessible, fascinating and highly original analysis of the development of public and state attitudes to racist violence over the past 50 years.

Youth violence is a pressing social concern and this book examines several elements of youth violence prevention. It offers state-of-the-art research on several different topics including: the relationship between bullying offending and victimization; the relationship between race and the code of the streets' explanation for violent offending; and how differences in methodology affect the validity of the multiple marginality theory of gang membership. It also examines an understudied population: gay gang members as well as providing an analysis of the degree to which risk factors for gang membership and violent offending are sex-specific. The critical component of this text is the melding of research with practical implications for youth violence prevention specialists. As such, the book should be useful to both academic and practitioner audiences. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Crime & Justice.

Are representations of violence in youth culture racially coded? Does 'urban youth' mean 'black criminals'? What are the social and political implications of stylized, cinematic violence? Fugitive Cultures examines the racist and sexist assault on today's youth which is being played out in the realms of popular and children's culture. Carefully interrogating the aesthetic of violence in a number of public arenas - talk radio, Disney animation, and in such films as Pulp Fiction, Kids, Slackers and Juice - Giroux challenges cultural workers and other progressives to help reverse the attack on those who are most powerless in American society.

Improving Community Response to Crime Victims is a thoughtful and well-organized outline of steps and considerations for those who are serious about starting and maintaining an interagency team effort to respond to almost any type of serious interpersonal crime. Their commitment to victims is evident as the driving force throughout. They recognize that even small and relatively isolated communities have an impressive wealth of resources that can be marshalled to improve interagency coordination. And even communities with a tradition of good interdisciplinary cooperation can benefit from the process described here and enhance their response to victims, while achieving improved case outcomes. --from the Foreword by Patricia A. Toth, J.D. Use of interdisciplinary teams has been lauded as the most effective and successful approach to investigating and prosecuting physical and sexual abuse cases. However, such teams are often difficult to create and maintain. Improving Community Response to Crime Victims demystifies the process of establishing teams with an eight-step model called the "protocol development cycle." Informed by their extensive contact with a wide variety of professionals and communities, authors Anita B. Boles and John C. Patterson provide accessible and well-organized guidelines for those who are serious about starting and maintaining an interagency team to respond to almost any type of interpersonal crime. The book includes exercises and training materials along with sample letters, forms, press releases, and other documents designed to better aid community teams in assessing the response to crime and identifying any gaps in service. Presented in a practical and hands-on style, the information here will aid in the ongoing process of team protocol assessment, evaluation, review, and revision. Improving Community Response to Crime Victims skillfully addresses the challenge of interdisciplinary efforts and is an integral resource for therapists, investigators, prosecutors, medical personnel, government representatives, victim service providers, and others concerned with coordinating interagency assistance to victims of crime.

In the ancient world, war played a crucial part in shaping and changing social and political structures. The impact of war on the ancient societies of the Mediterranean world is the subject of this book and its companion, "War and Society in the Roman World". The authors have drawn together a collection which extends beyond the traditional emphasis on political causes, tactics and strategy, and military organization. Instead, warfare is viewed as a species of social action, affecting and affected by social conditions and ideology, and having social, economic, and cultural consequences. This conception of warfare as a social agency is considered through examination of the causes of war, booty, slavery and other profits of war and their effects in Greek societies; war in literature and sculpture, including ideology of victory and warrior; and the critical construction of the image of the enemy.

It is a common perception that violent crime is on the increase and social surveys record a growing fear of victimisation among the public. Yet not all violence is criminalised, and much criminal violence still goes unreported.
Punishing Violence examines the series of decisions - by victims, police officers, prosecutors and courts - which determine whether or not violent behaviour is criminalised.
Antonia Cretney and Gwynn Davis examine the relationships underpinning violence, the reasons for violent acts and the factors militating against successful court prosecutions. In doing so, they provide an authoritative account of the reality of assault and identify a serious dislocation between the purposes of victims and the purposes of the justice system in the treatment of violent crime.

Terrorism, Security and Nationality shows how the ideas and techniques of political philosophy can be applied to the practical problems of terrorism, State violence and national identity. In doing so it clarifies a wide range of issues in applied political philosophy including ethics of war; theories of state and nation; the relationship between communities and nationalisms; human rightss and national security.
Paul Gilbert identifies conflicting conceptiona of civil strife by different political communities and investigates notions of terrorism both as unjust war and as political crime. He concludes by considering the proper response of the State to political violence.

This collection of articles examines the ways in which human relationships are realized and expressed through idioms which Western culture would identify as both sexual and violent. The editors and contributors address issues concerning the different perceptions of the relationships between sex and gender, difference and hierarchy. By considering a range of case studies from such places as Bolivia, Britain, Fiji, Peru, Japan and the US, anthropologists and feminists examine the politics of such studies, the objectification of the study of others, and the relationship between gender difference and gender hierarchy which lies at the heart of the relationship between anthropology and feminism.

Soccer is one of the most popular participant and spectator sports in the world. Social and cultural analysts have started to investigate the wide variety of customs, values and social patterns that surround the game in different societies. This volume contributes new data and explanations of soccer-related violence. Although episodes of violence associated with soccer are relatively infrequent, this book demonstrates that the occasional violent events which attract great media attention have their roots in the rituals of the matches, the loyalties and identities of players and crowds, and the wider cultures and politics of the host societies. The work provides a cross-national examination of patterns of order and conflict surrounding soccer matches. Examples are provided by expert contributors from Scotland, England, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy, Argentina and the US.

The British became the dominant power in the Arab Gulf in the late eighteenth century. The conventional view has justified British imperial expansion in the Gulf region because of the need to supress Arab piracy. This book, first published in 1988, challenges the myth of piracy and argues that its threat was created by the East India Company for commercial reasons. The Company was determined to increase its share of Gulf trade with India at the expense of the native Arab traders, especially the Qawasim of the lower Gulf. However, the Company did not possess the necessary warships and needed to persuade the British Government to commit the Royal Navy to achieve this dominance. Accordingly the East India Company orchestrated a campaign to misrepresent the Qawasim as pirates who threatened all maritime activity in the northern Indian Ocean and adjacent waters. Any misfortune that happened to any ship in the area was attributed to the 'Joasmee pirates'. This campaign was to lead eventually to the storming of Ras al-Khaimah and the destruction of the Qawasim. Based on extensive use of the Bombay Archives, previously unused by researchers, this book provides a thorough reinterpretation of a vital period in Gulf history. It also illuminates the style and method of the East India Company at a critical period in the expansion of the British Empire.

The Public Nature of Private Violence is a timely and pathbreaking book that explores the complex and diverse feminist and legal responses to domestic violence from a cross-cultural perspective. In addition to more general discussions of violence against women, the essays in this volume consider child abuse by mothers, battering in lesbian relationships, state sanctioned violence, non-physical violence and incest. The contributors argue that domestic violence must be viewed in its social and cultural context, in which the state is complicit, and not simply within the private, psychological domain of the family. The Public Nature of Private Violence offers a vast array of practical suggestions for different governmental and non-governmental actors attempting to combat the incidents of abuse and oppression suffered by women and children.

Understanding America's Gun Culture focuses on building understanding of some of the issues associated with U.S. gun culture and the contemporary debate about the availability and use of guns. This edited volume is unique in that it draws on a wide variety of disciplines and presents perspectives on both sides of the debate. Contributors hail from the academic disciplines of history, social work, criminal justice, sociology, religion, and theological ethics as well as policy agencies. Some chapters examine the issues social-psychologically to help readers better understand dynamics within the debate. Others pose important ethical and philosophical questions about gun culture. Still others address practical policy solutions for enhancing gun safety and minimizing gun violence, even bringing in international perspectives. This second edition includes literature published in the last two years and two new chapters, one focusing on gender within gun culture and another that features a conversation between the editors and an ethnographic researcher with broad expertise in gun culture and research and policy trends. Together, the chapters create a thought-provoking compilation that offers insightful findings, considers theoretical and practical implications, and invites further exploration of the topic.

On February 26th 2012 seventeen-year-old Trayvon Martin was walking home with a bag of Skittles and a can of juice when a fatal encounter with a gun-wielding neighbourhood watchman ended his young life. In a matter of weeks, Trayvon Martin's name would be spoken by President Obama, honored by professional athletes, and passionately discussed all over traditional and social media. Trayvon's parents, Sybrina Fulton and Tracy Martin, driven by their intense love for their lost son, launched a nationwide campaign for justice that would change the USA and the world. Five years after his tragic death, Travyon Martin has become a symbol of social justice activism, as has his hauntingly familiar image: the photo of a young man, wearing his favourite hoodie and gazing silently at the camera. But who was Trayvon Martin, before he became an icon? And how did one black child's death become the match that lit a civil rights movement? Rest in Power, told through the compelling alternating narratives of Sybrina Fulton and Tracy Martin, answers those questions from the most intimate of sources. It's the story of the beautiful and complex child they lost, the cruel unresponsiveness of the police and the hostility of the legal system, and the inspiring journey they took from grief and pain to power, and from tragedy and senselessness to meaning.

This timely book shows how the rapidly increasing phenomenon of violence in the U.S. is invading college and university campuses. Campus Violence shows what colleges, universities, and other schools can do to deconstruct the violence culture and begin to educate for a better society. The chapters assist educators in determining the nature of both external and internal violence and what to do about it. Readers will benefit from the experiences of many institutions of higher learning as communicated by various outstanding contributors to this book. By becoming sharply aware of the issues and solutions, administrators may engage in better, more realistic long-range planning, as well as get help for the myriad daily questions and problems inherent to running today s campuses.As a whole, the book is devoted to highlighting important kinds, causes, and cures of violence destructive to living and learning opportunities. The contributors address the full range of issues from conceptualization to practical ways of handling violent behaviors. Section I: Addresses the broadest, most far-reaching views of campus violence: the conceptualization of campus violence, administration perspectives, the destructive concoction of alcohol and other drugs and morbidity, and the commercial promotion of mindless violence. Section II: Addresses specific kinds of violence. Section III: Focuses on the most frequent immediate perpetrators--male college students--and how their behavior can be dealt with and improved. Section IV: Focuses very specifically on how the college counselor or psychotherapist can be a consultant to staff and faculty in regard to disruptive students.Campus Violence depicts the need to nurture and develop atmospheres for learning, respect, and constructive action--arguably the most pressing topic in education today. Counselors, therapists, security officers, deans, and presidents can begin to counter the rapidly increasing phenomenon of violence in American colleges and universities and cultivate a positive leadership atmosphere. The implications of the contributing authors reach to the primary and secondary schools in our nation--the training grounds for college life and education--and provoke some questions which begin to create a better learning environment.

Academics, NGOs, the United Nations, and individual nations are focused on the prevention and intervention of genocide. Traditionally, missions to prevent or intervene in genocide have been sporadic and under-resourced. The contributors to this volume consider some of the major stumbling blocks to the avoidance of genocide. Bartrop and Totten argue that realpolitik is the major impediment to the elimination of genocide. Campbell examines the lack of political will to confront genocide, and Theriault describes how denial becomes an obstacle to intervention against genocide. Loyle and Davenport discuss how intervention is impeded by a lack of reliable data on genocide violence, and Macgregor presents an overview of the influence of the media. Totten examines how the UN Convention on Genocide actually impedes anti-genocide efforts; and how the institutional configuration of the UN is itself often a stumbling block. Addressing an issue that is often overlooked, Travis examines the impact of global arms trade on genocide. Finally, Hiebert examines how international criminal prosecution of atrocities can impede preventive efforts, and Hirsch provides an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, and effectiveness of major international and national prescriptions developed over the last decade. The result is a distinguished addition to Transaction's prestigious Genocide Studies series.

This book combines the approaches of history and criminology to study parricide and non-fatal violence against parents from across traditional period and geographical boundaries, encompassing research on Asia as well as Europe and North America. Parricide and non-fatal violence against parents are rare but significant forms of family violence. They have been perceived to be a recent phenomenon related to bad parenting and child abuse often in poorer socioeconomic circumstances - yet they have a history, which provides insights for modern-day explanation and intervention. Research on violence against parents has concentrated on child abuse and mental illness but, by using a rich array of primary and secondary documents, such as court cases, criminal statistics, newspaper reports, and legal and medical literature, this book shows that violence against parents is also shaped by conflicts related to parental authority, the rise of children's rights, conflicting economic and emotional expectations, and other sociohistorical factors.

Terrorism, Security and Nationality shows how the ideas and techniques of political philosophy can be applied to the practical problems of terrorism, State violence and national identity. In doing so it clarifies a wide range of issues in applied political philosophy including ethics of war; theories of state and nation; the relationship between communities and nationalisms; human rightss and national security.Paul Gilbert identifies conflicting conceptiona of civil strife by different political communities and investigates notions of terrorism both as unjust war and as political crime. He concludes by considering the proper response of the State to political violence.

The outgrowth of a conference planned as a response to the need for researchers and clinicians to develop integrated plans for addressing the psychological trauma of children exposed to violence, this volume's goals are:
* to summarize research on the subject with particular emphasis on the Gulf War;
* to use this information to formulate an outline of what current knowledge suggests are reasonable approaches to public mental health intervention; and
* to develop an agenda for future research necessary for improving clinical efforts in varying international conflicts.
A significant collection of diverse perspectives attending to a diversity of cultural and political contexts, the contributors offer many conclusions about important dimensions for analyzing the effects of violence on children. Suggesting informed approaches to public mental health efforts which can be implemented, the work presented here directs attention to the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers and clinicians to better understand the effects of exposure to violence on the psychological well being of children and the optimal modes of remediation on individual, family, and community levels.

"Anti-Semitism revisited in a wholly original way" Philippe Sands "Rippling with ideas on every page" Jewish Chronicle "Tackles the issue [of anti-semitism] from the perspective of a country where its manifestations have been more vicious and deadly" Financial Times Rabbi Delphine Horvilleur analyses the phenomenon of anti-semitism as it is viewed by those who endure it and who, through narration and literature, succeed in overcoming it. Jewish texts are replete with treatments of anti-semitism, of this endlessly paradoxical hatred, and of the ways in which Jews are perceived by others. But here, the focus is inverted: Anti-Semitism Revisited explores the hatred of Jews as seen through the lens of the sacred texts, rabbinical tradition and Jewish lore. Delphine Horvilleur gives a voice to those who are too often deprived of one, examining resilience in the face of adversity and the legacy of an ancient hatred that is often misunderstood. An engaging, hopeful and very original examination of anti-semitism: what it means, where it comes from, what are the ancient myths and tropes that are weaponised against Jewish people, and how do we take them apart. Translated from the French by David Bellos

Over the fifty years between 1940 and 1990, the countries of eastern Africa were embroiled in a range of debilitating and destructive conflicts, starting with the wars of independence, but then incorporating rebellion, secession and local insurrection as the Cold War replaced colonialism. The articles gathered here illustrate how significant, widespread, and dramatic this violence was. In these years, violence was used as a principal instrument in the creation and consolidation of the authority of the state; and it was also regularly and readily utilised by those who wished to challenge state authority through insurrection and secession. Why was it that eastern Africa should have experienced such extensive and intensive violence in the fifty years before 1990? Was this resort to violence a consequence of imperial rule, the legacy of oppressive colonial domination under a coercive and non-representative state system? Did essential contingencies such as the Cold War provoke and promote the use of violence? Or, was it a choice made by Africans themselves and their leaders, a product of their own agency? This book focuses on these turbulent decades, exploring the principal conflicts in six key countries - Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia and Tanzania. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Eastern African Studies.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been called the 'worst place in the world' for women, with reports of widespread and horrific incidents of rape and sexual violence and almost complete impunity for the perpetrators of such violence. However, despite the high profile media reporting on sexual violence in the DRC, and the widely publicized responses of the international community, there is still very little real analysis of the real situation of women in the country. This book provides such detailed analysis of gender relations in the DRC, and goes beyond the usual explanations of sexual violence as a product of conflict, to examine the complex and socially constructed gender norms and roles which underlie incidences of violence. The book benefits from a comprehensive account of men's and women's roles in conflict, violence, peace building and reconstruction, and evaluates the impacts of national and international political responses. In doing so, this book provides valuable new evidence and analysis of the complex and multilayered conflicts in the DRC.

In more than 100 essays, written over a three-year period for the "New York Observer", Howard Fast looks with horror at the official violence inflicted on Nicaragua, El Salvador, Grenada, Panama and Iraq and the unofficial violence that is taking place in the cities of the United States. In "War and Peace", Fast summons us to face the wars and the social disintegration that degraded the Reagan and Bush years, with all the explanations and excuses stripped away. He dwells on the monumental folly of the Cold War and shows us repeatedly what we could have done with the billions spent on planes, bombs and guns if we had spent them on the education and safety of our children, on housing, medical care, rebuilding the cities - and what we can still do in the future. As in Swift, Yahoos populate the essays of this book: the drug dealers; the local political hacks; the anti-Semites; the racists; the women-bashers; the arms traffickers: the whole unsavory cast. As in Mencken, boobs run loose in the White House and in the halls of Congress. From time to time, a Candide-like character named D'emas (Yiddish for the "the truth") appears and asks embarrassing questions about the ways of our civilisation, which his interlocutor is hard-pressed to answer. And yet, after Howard Fast recounts the inanity and brutality of these years, he offers a humane vision of what America and the rest of the world could be. These essays should hold a place in 20th-century letters as a statement of unsurpassed passion on the theme: war and peace.

This book is aimed at employers, managers and professional and administrative staff in the health care services. GP practices, home visits and the hospital are all covered. Despite growing evidence of violence against health care workers, some employers have been slow to acknowledge the risks faced in both primary and secondary health care settings. Personal Safety for Health Care Workers provides the tools to investigate the risks involved and to develop policy and practice to ensure staff safety. It also deals with the vexed question of under-reporting. Part I deals with the respective roles and responsibilities of employers and employees and offers guidance on developing a workplace personal safety policy. Workplace design and management are addressed and guidelines provided for health care workers when away from their normal work base. Part 2 gives detailed guidelines for use by individual workers in a variety of work situations. Part 3 considers training issues and contains a number of sample training programmes with handouts. The message of this book is that prevention is better than cure - proper attention to risk can reduce both the incidence of aggression and its development into violent acts. The aim is to achieve the dual effect of protecting health care workers, and also of providing services in a more sensitive way. Good practice implies a responsibility to ensure that health care can be delivered in conditions of safety for staff and patients alike.

In the country s changing threat environment, homegrown violent extremism (HVE) represents the next challenge in counterterrorism. Security and public policy expert Erroll Southers examines post-9/11 HVE what it is, the conditions enabling its existence, and the community-based approaches that can reduce the risk of homegrown terrorism. Drawing on scholarly insight and more than three decades on the front lines of America s security efforts, Southers challenges the misplaced counterterrorism focus on foreign individuals and communities. As Southers shows, there is no true profile of a terrorist. The book challenges how Americans think about terrorism, recruitment, and the homegrown threat. It contains essential information for communities, security practitioners, and policymakers on how violent extremists exploit vulnerabilities in their communities and offers approaches to put security theory into practice.