2 an del' wissenschaftlichen und konstruktiven Durchbildung del' Dampfmaschine haben eine groBe Zahl von Gelehrten und prak- tischen Ingenieuren gearbeitet, so daB dieselbe auf del' Hohe ihrer Entwicklung steht. Eine groBere Warmeausnutzung als jetzt die beste Verbundmaschine gibt, ist von einer Dampf- mas chine nicht mehr zu erwarten. Diese vorziigliche Durchbildung kommt del' Dampfmaschine bei dem scharfen Wettstreit, del' im letzten J ahrzehnt auf dem Gebiete del' Kraftmaschinen entbrannt ist, sehr zustatten. Wahrend die Dampfmaschine ja lange Zeit hindurch auf diesem Gebiete alleinherrschend war, ist ihr jetzt eine gefahrliche Kon- kurrenz erwachsen in del' Verbrennungsmaschine. Ganz all- gemein betrachtet ist ja die Art del' Energiegewinnung aus del' Kohle wesentlich einfacher, wenn wir die Kohle in einem Ge- nerator vergasen und das Gas in einer Verbrennungsmaschine zur Wirkung bringen, als wenn wir die in del' Kohle enthaltene Warme zunachst in gespannten Dampf umwandeln und diesen in del' Dampfmaschine arbeiten lassen. Del' auBerst einfache Generator mit dem Gasreiniger steht hiel' del' wesentlich um- fangreicheren und teureren Kesselanlage mit den zugehorigen Speisepumpen, Wasserreiniger, Vorwarmer odeI' Dberhitzcr und Schornstein gegeniiber, und es unterliegt keinem Zweifel, daB auch die Bedienung einer Generatoranlage viel einfacher und darum billiger ist, als diejenige einer gleichwertigen Kessel- anlage. AuBerdem ist die Warmeausnutzung in del' Gas- maschine groBer als in del' Dampfmaschine. Wahrend in del' Dampfmaschine im giinstigsten Fane eine Warmeausnutzung von rd. 4000 cal pro eff. Pferdekraftstunde zu erreichen ist, bezogen auf die Dampfwarme, kommt eine gute Verbrennungs- maschine mit 2400 cal pro eff.

sich ungemein zahlreiche Hilfsmittel der Vorlesung und der Forscherarbeit zusammenbauen lassen, und sie erhielt den Namen eines physikalischen Baukastens mit Recht, da sie an Vielgestaltigkeit der von ihr ermoglichten Zusammenstellungen dem Baukasten des Kindes am ersten vergleichbar ist. Die folgenden Blatter sollen dazu dienen, die Stucke des physikalischen Baukastens zu beschreiben und von ihrer vielseitigen Verwendbarkeit eine Vorstellung zu geben. Bei der Durcharbeitung des physikalischen Baukastens wurde ich unterstutzt von der Firma Georg Beck & Cie. in Berlin-Rummelsburg, Hauptstr. 4, die nunmehr auch die Herstellung der Apparate fUr den Verkauf ubernommen hat und durch ihre Schutzmarke die sorgfaltige und meinen Angaben entsprechende Ausfiihrung verburgt. Eine groGe HiUe, die ich mit besonderem Dank hervorhebe, war es mir auch, daG Herr Professor Bornstein durch sofortige Verwendung vieler der im folgenden zu beschreibenden Apparate in seiner groG en Experimentalvorlesung und in den Ubungen mir reiche Gelegenheit gab, die Stucke im Gebrauch zu erproben und durchzuarbeiten. Berlin, im September 1905. Wilhelm Volkmann. AIle Abbildungen in dies em Buche sind nach photographischen Aufnahmen angefertigt, also perspektivisch streng richtig. Ihre richtige Deutung wird in Folge dessen wesentlich erleichtert, wenn man sie nicht mit beiden, sondern nur mit einem Auge betrachtet. o e Ie itw 0 rt.

Es konnte vielleicht auffallend erscheinen, dass liber einen in der Literatur so wenig beachteten Gegenstand, wie es bisher die Drahtseile waren, ein ganzes Buch herausgegeben werden kann. Es wird dies urn so auffallender sein, wenn ich versichere, dass die zwolf Capitel dieses Buches durchaus nichts Ueberfllissiges enthalten, ja an zahlreichen Stell en ziemlich geddngt sind, derart, dass liber so manche Zeile und liber so manche Spalte der vorhandenen sehr zahlreichen Tabellen nach der bisherigen Gepflogenheit ganze Aufsatze hatten geschrieben werden konnen! Der bedeutende Umfang des Buches bei alIer Gedrangtheit des Stoffes wird dadurch erklarlich und gerechtfertigt sein, dass sich der Verfasser das Zie1 setzte, nach dem Wortlaute des Titels "Alles N othwendige zttr richtigenBeurtheilunfl. Construction u, nd Berechnung del' Drahtseile" den Interessenten - und zwar sowohl den Theoretikern als auch den Practikern - zu bieten. Diese erschopfende Behandlung befolgt im Wesentlichen den theoretischen Weg, welcher auch der einzig richtige und verlassliche ist, wenn er sich - wie dies hier der Fall - in AHem und Jedem auf die Thatsachen der Anwendung und auf verstandig durchgefiihrte Versuche stlitzt. Durch eine solche Theorie kommt dann so Manches zum Vorschein, was unfehlbar richtig sein muss, wenn es auch bisher verhlillt, weil empirisch nicht leicht greifbar war l wie z. B. so mancher derbe Constructionsfehler l so manche verfehlte Auffassung. Dergleichen thatsachliche Verirrungen werden hier auch wirklich aufgedeckt. Vorwort.

In vorliegendem Buche iibergebe ich das Ergebniss einer Reihe practischer Arbeiten und theoretischer U ntersuehungen tiber Dynamomasehillen, zu einem geschlossenen Ganzen zu- sammengesteIlt, der Oeffentlichkeit. leh habe in derselben die Gleiehstrom-Dynamomasehinen in ihrer Wirkungsweise nach einer neuen Anschauung erkHi.rt und eine Theorie derselben, die in letzter Linie die Voraus- bestimmung alIer Gleiehstrom-Dynamomaschinen ermoglieht, aufgestellt. Die Thatsache, dass ich bei Begriindung meiner Firma Fritsche & Pischon den Dynamomaschinenbau nieht durch kostspielige und zeitraubende Versuche einleiten konnte, und doeh die zwingende Nothwendigkeit vorlag, aIles Material neu zu beschaffen, veranlasste mieh auf Grund meiner im Laufe del' Jahre gesammelten Erfahrungen im Maschinenbau die Dynamomasehinen von einem anderen, vom bisherigen ab- weiehenden, Standpunkte ans zu betraehten. Mein Bestreben ging dahin, die Moglichkeit zu schaffen, die Leistung und Grosse einer Dynamomasehine vorauszubestimmen. Beim Erforsehen del' Ursaehen, welche die Wirkung einer Dynamomaschine bestimmen, findet man, dass die elektrischen Leistungen einer Dynamomasehine nul' dureh Bewegungen entstehen, namlieh durch Bewegung von Leitern im magne- tisehen Felde, dessen Eigensehaften wiederum auf die Be- wegung del' magnetischen Strome zuriickzufiihren sind. Nur diese beiden Bewegungen sind fiir den Effect, die Umwandlung der mechanisehen Arbeit in elektrische Arbeit, massgebend. Um den Zusammenhang zu erkliiren, del' diesem, durch zwei Bewegungen erzielten Effect zu Grunde liegt, habe ieh Vorwort. VI nach den Gl'undsatzen der Phoronomie, bezw. der mechanischen Bewegungslehre, eine Erklarung der Vorgange in einer Dynamo- maschine gegeben. Meine Theorie beruht auf der Ampere'schen Auffassung fiber das Wesen des Magnetismus und auf den Satzen del' mechanischen Bewegungslehre.

Demonstrates how to design, build and optimize Stirling engines. A broad selection of engines are described, giving valuable insight into the many different types of hot air engines, and a great deal of information relating to the manufacture of these engines is included. This is both relevant to beginner and professional.

Hybrid drives and the operation of hybrid vehicles are characteristic of contemporary automotive technology. Together with the electronic driver assistant systems, hybrid technology is of the greatest importance and both cannot be ignored by today s car drivers. This technical reference book provides the reader with a firsthand comprehensive description of significant components of automotive technology. All texts are complemented by numerous detailed illustrations."

Of all the many types of machine elements which exist today, gears are among the most commonly used. The basic idea of a wheel with teeth is extremely simple, and dates back several thousand years. It is obvious to any observer that one gear drives another by means of the meshing teeth, and to the person who has never studied gears, it might seem that no further explanation is required. It may therefore come as a surprise to discover the large quantity of geometric theory that exists on the subject of gears, and to find that there is probably no branch of mechanical engineering where theory and practice are more closely linked. Enormous improvements have been made in the performance of gears during the last two hundred years or so, and this has been due principally to the careful attention given to the shape of the teeth. The theoretical shape of the tooth profile used in most modern gears is an involute. When precision gears are cut by modern gear-cutting machines, the accuracy with which the actual teeth conform to their theoretical shape is quite remarkable, and far exceeds the accuracy which is attained in the manufacture of most other types of machine elements. The first part of this book deals with spur gears, which are gears with teeth that are parallel to the gear axis. The second part describes helical gears, whose teeth form helices about the gear axis.

Now in its fourth edition, this textbook remains the indispensable text to guide readers through automotive or mechanical engineering, both at university and beyond. Thoroughly updated, clear, comprehensive and well-illustrated, with a wealth of worked examples and problems, its combination of theory and applied practice aids in the understanding of internal combustion engines, from thermodynamics and combustion to fluid mechanics and materials science. This textbook is aimed at third year undergraduate or postgraduate students on mechanical or automotive engineering degrees. New to this Edition: - Fully updated for changes in technology in this fast-moving area - New material on direct injection spark engines, supercharging and renewable fuels - Solutions manual online for lecturers

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Complete coverage of the thermodynamics of radiation matter for solar energy utilizationThis comprehensive guide reviews the fundamentals of the thermodynamics of radiation matter--photon gas. The book introduces the exergy of radiation through the most advanced thermodynamic analysis of the solar power processes involving radiation. Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation: For Solar Power Utilization provides, for the first time, an exhaustive discussion on energy and exergy analysis of radiation processes. Extensive details on the exergy of radiation are developed for evaluation of the practical uses of radiation. This volume contains quantitative calculation examples for solar heating, a solar chimney power plant, photosynthesis, and photovoltaic technology. Addressed to researchers, designers, and users of different solar installations, the book also has the potential to inspire the development of new applications of radiation exergy. Coverage includes: Definitions and laws of substance and radiation Laws of thermodynamic analysis, including energy and exergy analysis Thermodynamic properties of photon gas Exergy of emission and arbitrary radiation flux Energy, entropy, and exergy radiation spectra of surfaces Thermodynamic analysis of heat from the sun, a solar chimney power plant, photosynthesis, and the photovoltaic

The original Air Engines (also known as a heat, hot air, caloric, or Stirling engines), predated the modern internal combustion engine. This early engine design always had great potential for high efficiency/low emission power generation. However, the primary obstacle to its practical use in the past has been the lack of sufficiently heat-resistant materials. This obstacle has now been eliminated due to the higher strength of modern materials and alloys. Several companies in the U.S. and abroad are successfully marketing new machines based on the Air Engine concept. Allan Organ and Theodor Finkelstein are two of the most respected researchers in the field of Air Engines. Finkelstein is considered a pioneer of Stirling cycle simulation. The historical portion of the book is based on four famous articles he published in 1959. The rest of the chapters assess the development of the air engine and put it in the modern context, as well as investigate its future potential and applications. The audience for this book includes mechanical engineers working in power related industries, as well as researchers, academics, and advanced students concerned with recent developments in power generation.

The book presents select proceedings of the 8th International and 29th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research (AIMTDR 2021) conference. It covers recent advances in the realms of electro- physical and chemical machining, machining optimization, surface morphology and sustainable machining. The contents also include precision engineering, metrology and quality, automation and smart systems, enterprise manufacturing intelligence, among others. This book will evoke interest among academicians, researchers, and practicing engineers who aspire to comprehend advances pertaining to the domain of modern machining processes

Der Autor gibt aus ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Sicht einen Uberblick uber die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Hydromechanik von Freistrahlturbinen. Die Stromungsprozesse und alle relevanten hydromechanischen Aspekte werden moglichst vollstandig und systematisch beschrieben. Samtliche Verluste, inklusive der hydraulischen Reibungseffekte, werden behandelt und quantifiziert. Das Nachschlagewerk richtet sich an Ingenieure, Turbinenhersteller, Kraftwerksbetreiber und Interessierte aus Lehre und Forschung im Fachbereich Stromungsmaschinen." "

This is an essential step-by-step guide. This resource explains how to rebuild and modify transmissions from both rear- and front-wheel-drive cars. It explains the principles behind the workings of all manual transmissions, and helps readers understand what they need to do and know to rebuild their own transmissions. It includes how to determine what parts to replace; how and why to replace certain seals, spacers, springs, forks, and other parts; and where to find (and how to measure) the specifications for each particular transmission.

Sophomore or junior engineering students will appreciate this in-depth analysis of the fundamentals of thermodynamics. The text notes common student problem areas such as definition of systems boundary, units, processes, work and heat. A review of energy resource consumption shows the importance of energy resources to the economy and emphasizes thermodynamic analysis. The systematic approach to solving thermodynamic problems is supported by numerous chapter-end problems graded in three levels of difficulty. Open-ended design problems are included in chapters 10-15 to reflect the increasing emphasis on the need for design in core courses. Extensive treatment of second law analyses, including energy analysis/energy availability, helps students understand real systems. Explanation of how to maximize energy delivery from chemical reactions presents a solid background in improving the design of reacting systems. Accompanying Thermo-Props software saves students time in looking up values from tables, and help in the analysis of psychmetrics, as well as heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems.

AN ESSENTIAL DESKTOP SOURCEBOOK FOR ANYONE WHO WORKS WITH PUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS ON A DAILY BASIS

This much-needed reference provides comprehensive, detailed coverage of pump application and pumped water systems as well as a sound working overview of pump design. Written by a hands-on expert with almost fifty years in the field, Water Pumps and Pumping Systems thoroughly examines:

* NFPA Fire Standards

* Potable and wastewater pumps

* Installation, operation, and retrofit

* Piping system calculations and friction analysis

* Piping materials

* Fire, municipal, domestic, water treatment, and industrial applications

* Tools of design and design analysis

* Performance issues

* And more

This one-of-a-kind, clearly written sourcebook tackles the industry-specific issues and problems you face every day, including:

* Misinformation about the proper operation of variable-speed pumps

* Old rules that need to be replaced regarding pump speed and allowable velocities in piping

* What field experience has taught the author about simple system head curves vs. complex system head areas

With almost 200 illustrations and valuable material from the Hydraulic Institute, ANSI, and ASTM, Water Pumps and Pumping Systems offers specialized knowledge and priceless experience that cannot be found in any other water industry reference.

The two most significant publications in the history of rockets and jet propulsion are A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, published in 1919 and Liquid-Propellant Rocket Development, published in 1936. All modern jet propulsion and rocket engineering are based upon these two famous reports. By arrangement with the estate of Dr. Robert H. Goddard and the Smithsonian Institution, the American Rocket Society republished the papers in 1946. The book contained a foreword written by Dr. Goddard just four months prior to his death on 10 August 1945. The book has been out of print for decades. Because of the importance of the Goddard papers, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics is pleased to bring this significant book back into circulation. Though rockets had been in use for more than 700 years, it was not until Goddard undertook his lifelong work on the development of high altitude rockets that modern scientific and engineering methods began to be applied. It is a tribute to the fundamental nature of Dr. Goddard's work that these reports, though more than half a century old, are filled with data of vital importance to all jet propulsion and rocket engineers.These reports form one of the most important technical contributions of our time.

If you want to better understand the big iron toiling under the deck of you sportfish, pick up a copy of the Complete Guide To Diesel Marine Engines by John Fleming. The book takes you through the ins and outs of diesel power in terms even a landlubber could understand. It explains the hows and whys of diesel engines, but there's also a chapter on the basics of trouble-shooting and another on selecting the right engine for your boat. For the die-hard, there's even a chapter on the mathematics of diesels. If you want a solid understanding of how a diesel operates, this is one hands-on guide to bring aboard.

Heating materials using microwave energy offers many advantages in industrial processes, including improved quality, efficiency and control. There is a growing interest in microwave heating throughout industry and there are now many research establishments, both academic and industrial, working in this field. Microwave technology is a well developed science in the areas of radar and communications, supported by a large bibliography, but this is not the case for its applications to industry. The aim of this book is first to present the fundamentals of microwave technology that are relevant to industrial practice in a manner accessible to engineers, scientists and technicians who may have little or no prior knowledge of the subject. Second, it presents a perspective on the range and scope of the techniques and hardware used, giving detailed descriptions, making critical comparisons and commenting frequently on practical issues of design.

Andreas Schneider untersucht einen elektrifizierten Antriebsstrang, bestehend aus einem Verbrennungsmotor mit teilhomogener Verbrennung, einer elektrischen Maschine und einem elektrisch beheizten Katalysator. Die eigens entwickelte Antriebsstrangsimulation wird uber eine neuartige Betriebsstrategie, welche aus den parallel agierenden Modulen ECMS und Phlegmatisierung besteht, geregelt. Die Auswertung am Motorenprufstand zeigt, dass durch die Elektrifizierung des Antriebsstrangs eine Reduktion aller Schadstoffemissionen in Phasen geringer Geschwindigkeitsanforderungen erzielt werden kann. Gleichzeitig wird eine Verschiebung der Stickstoffoxidemissionen in Phasen hoher Geschwindigkeitsanforderungen erreicht, was sich als vorteilhaft fur einen SCR-Einsatz erweisen wurde. Zusatzlich kann eine Reduktion des Kraftstoffverbrauchs mit dem vorgestellten Fahrzeugkonzept realisiert werden.

Heat transfer analysis is a problem of major significance in a vast range of industrial applications. These extend over the fields of mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering and numerous applications in civil and electrical engineering. If one considers the heat conduction equation alone the number of practical problems amenable to solution is extensive. Expansion of the work to include features such as phase change, coupled heat and mass transfer, and thermal stress analysis provides the engineer with the capability to address a further series of key engineering problems. The complexity of practical problems is such that closed form solutions are not generally possible. The use of numerical techniques to solve such problems is therefore considered essential, and this book presents the use of the powerful finite element method in heat transfer analysis. Starting with the fundamental general heat conduction equation, the book moves on to consider the solution of linear steady state heat conduction problems, transient analyses and non--linear examples. Problems of melting and solidification are then considered at length followed by a chapter on convection. The application of heat and mass transfer to drying problems and the calculation of both thermal and shrinkage stresses conclude the book. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the basic concepts introduced. This book is the outcome of the teaching and research experience of the authors over a period of more than 20 years.