Singular spaces with upper curvature bounds and, in particular, spaces of nonpositive curvature, have been of interest in many fields, including geometric (and combinatorial) group theory, topology, dynamical systems and probability theory. In the first two chapters of the book, a concise introduction into these spaces is given, culminating in the Hadamard-Cartan theorem and the discussion of the ideal boundary at infinity for simply connected complete spaces of nonpositive curvature. In the third chapter, qualitative properties of the geodesic flow on geodesically complete spaces of nonpositive curvature are discussed, as are random walks on groups of isometries of nonpositively curved spaces. The main class of spaces considered should be precisely complementary to symmetric spaces of higher rank and Euclidean buildings of dimension at least two (Rank Rigidity conjecture). In the smooth case, this is known and is the content of the Rank Rigidity theorem. An updated version of the proof of the latter theorem (in the smooth case) is presented in Chapter IV of the book. This chapter contains also a short introduction into the geometry of the unit tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold and the basic facts about the geodesic flow. In an appendix by Misha Brin, a self-contained and short proof of the ergodicity of the geodesic flow of a compact Riemannian manifold of negative curvature is given. The proof is elementary and should be accessible to the non-specialist. Some of the essential features and problems of the ergodic theory of smooth dynamical systems are discussed, and the appendix can serve as an introduction into this theory.

The notes in this volume were written as a part of a Nachdiplom course that I gave at the ETH in the summer semester of 1995. The aim of my lectures was the development of some of the basics of the interaction of homological algebra, or more specifically the cohomology of groups, and modular representation theory. Every time that I had given such a course in the past fifteen years, the choice of the material and the order of presentation of the results have followed more or less the same basic pattern. Such a course began with the fundamentals of group cohomology, and then investigated the structure of cohomology rings, and their maximal ideal spectra. Then the variety of a module was defined and related to actual module structure through the rank variety. Applications followed. The standard approach was used in my University of Essen Lecture Notes [e1] in 1984. Evens [E] and Benson [B2] have written it up in much clearer detail and included it as part of their books on the subject.

This book provides a classification of all three-dimensional complex manifolds for which there exists a transitive action (by biholomorphic transformations) of a real Lie group. This means two homogeneous complex manifolds are considered equivalent if they are isomorphic as complex manifolds. The classification is based on methods from Lie group theory, complex analysis and algebraic geometry. Basic knowledge in these areas is presupposed.

Generalized Heisenberg groups, or H-type groups, introduced by A. Kaplan, and Damek-Ricci harmonic spaces are particularly nice Lie groups with a vast spectrum of properties and applications. These harmonic spaces are homogeneous Hadamard manifolds containing the H-type groups as horospheres.
These notes contain a thorough study of their Riemannian geometry by means of a detailed treatment of their Jacobi vector fields and Jacobi operators. Some problems are included and will hopefully stimulate further research on these spaces. The book is written for students and researchers, assuming only basic knowledge of Riemannian geometry, and it contains a brief survey of the background material needed to follow the entire treatment.

A concise treatment of topics from group theory and representation theory for use in a one-term course. Focussing on the non-commutative side of the field, this advanced textbook emphasizes the general linear group as the most important group and example.Readers are expected to be familiar with groups, rings, and fields, and to have a solid knowledge of linear algebra. Close to 200 exercises of varying difficulty serve both to reinforce the main concept of the text and to introduce the reader to additional topics.

This book is a continuation of vol. I (Grundlehren vol. 115, also available in softcover), and contains a detailed treatment of some important parts of harmonic analysis on compact and locally compact abelian groups. From the reviews: "This work aims at giving a monographic presentation of abstract harmonic analysis, far more complete and comprehensive than any book already existing on the subject...in connection with every problem treated the book offers a many-sided outlook and leads up to most modern developments. Carefull attention is also given to the history of the subject, and there is an extensive bibliography...the reviewer believes that for many years to come this will remain the classical presentation of abstract harmonic analysis." Publicationes Mathematicae

This ground-breaking new volume reviews and extends theory and research on the psychology of justice in social contexts, exploring the dynamics of fairness judgments and their consequences. Perceptions of fairness, and the factors that cause and are caused by fairness perceptions, have long been an important part of social psychology. Featuring work from leading scholars on psychological processes involved in reactions to fairness, as well as the applications of justice research to government institutions, policing, medical care and the development of radical and extremist behavior, the book expertly brings together two traditionally distinct branches of social psychology: social cognition and interpersonal relations. Examining how people judge whether the treatment they experience from others is fair and how this effects their attitudes and behaviors, this essential collection draws on theory and research from multiple disciplines as it explores the dynamics of fairness judgments and their consequences. Integrating theory on interpersonal relations and social cognition, and featuring innovative biological research, this is the ideal companion for senior undergraduates and graduates, as well as researchers and scholars interested in the social psychology of justice.

CONTENTS: L. Boutet de Monvel: Indice de systemes differentiels.- C. De Concini, C. Procesi: Quantum groups.- P. Schapira, J.P. Schneiders: Index theorems for R-constructible sheaves and for D-modules.- N. Berline, M. Vergne: The equivariant Chern character and index of G-invariant operators.

This fascinating new book examines diversity in moral judgements, drawing on recent work in social, personality, and evolutionary psychology, reviewing the factors that influence the moral judgments people make. Why do reasonable people so often disagree when drawing distinctions between what is morally right and wrong? Even when individuals agree in their moral pronouncements, they may employ different standards, different comparative processes, or entirely disparate criteria in their judgments. Examining the sources of this variety, the author expertly explores morality using ethics position theory, alongside other theoretical perspectives in moral psychology, and shows how it can relate to contemporary social issues from abortion to premarital sex to human rights. Also featuring a chapter on applied contexts, using the theory of ethics positions to gain insights into the moral choices and actions of individuals, groups, and organizations in educational, research, political, medical, and business settings, the book offers answers that apply across individuals, communities, and cultures. Investigating the relationship between people's personal moral philosophies and their ethical thoughts, emotions, and actions, this is fascinating reading for students and academics from psychology and philosophy and anyone interested in morality and ethics.

The 2-volume-book is an updated, reorganized and considerably enlarged version of the previous edition of the Research Problem Book in Analysis (LNM 1043), a collection familiar to many analysts, that has sparked off much research. This new edition, created in a joint effort by a large team of analysts, is, like its predecessor, a collection of unsolved problems of modern analysis designed as informally written mini-articles, each containing not only a statement of a problem but also historical and metho- dological comments, motivation, conjectures and discussion of possible connections, of plausible approaches as well as a list of references. There are now 342 of these mini- articles, almost twice as many as in the previous edition, despite the fact that a good deal of them have been solved!

This book presents an operator-theoretic approach to ill-posed evolution equations. It presents the basic theory, and the more surprising examples, of generalizations of strongly continuous semigroups known as 'existent families' and 'regularized semigroups'. These families of operators may be used either to produce all initial data for which a solution in the original space exists, or to construct a maximal subspace on which the problem is well-posed. Regularized semigroups are also used to construct functional, or operational, calculi for unbounded operators. The book takes an intuitive and constructive approach by emphasizing the interaction between functional calculus constructions and evolution equations. One thinks of a semigroup generated by A as etA and thinks of a regularized semigroup generated by A as etA g(A), producing solutions of the abstract Cauchy problem for initial data in the image of g(A). Material that is scattered throughout numerous papers is brought together and presented in a fresh, organized way, together with a great deal of new material.

Stochastic processes with independent increments on a group are generalized to the concept of "white noise" on a Hopf algebra or bialgebra. The main purpose of the book is the characterization of these processes as solutions of quantum stochastic differential equations in the sense of R.L. Hudsonand K.R. Parthasarathy. The notes are a contribution to quantum probability but they are also related to classical probability, quantum groups, and operator algebras. The Az ma martingales appear as examples of white noise on a Hopf algebra which is a deformation of the Heisenberg group. The book will be of interest to probabilists and quantum probabilists. Specialists in algebraic structures who are curious about the role of their concepts in probablility theory as well as quantum theory may find the book interesting. The reader should havesome knowledge of functional analysis, operator algebras, and probability theory.

The school, the book This book is based on lectures given by the authors of the various chapters in a three week long CIMPA summer school, held in Sophia-Antipolis (near Nice) in July 1992. The first week was devoted to the basics of symplectic and Riemannian geometry (Banyaga, Audin, Lafontaine, Gauduchon), the second was the technical one (Pansu, Muller, Duval, Lalonde and Sikorav). The final week saw the conclusion ofthe school (mainly McDuffand Polterovich, with complementary lectures by Lafontaine, Audin and Sikorav). Globally, the chapters here reflect what happened there. Locally, we have tried to reorganise some ofthe material to make the book more coherent. Hence, for instance, the collective (Audin, Lalonde, Polterovich) chapter on Lagrangian submanifolds and the appendices added to some of the chapters. Duval was not able to write up his lectures, so that genuine complex analysis will not appear in the book, although it is a very current tool in symplectic and contact geometry (and conversely). Hamiltonian systems and variational methods were the subject of some of Sikorav's talks, which he also was not able to write up. On the other hand, F. Labourie, who could not be at the school, wrote a chapter on pseudo-holomorphic curves in Riemannian geometry.

This monograph provides a systematic treatment of the abstract theory of adjoint semigroups. After presenting the basic elementary results, the following topics are treated in detail: The sigma (X, X )-topology, -reflexivity, the Favard class, Hille-Yosida operators, interpolation and extrapolation, weak -continuous semigroups, the codimension of X in X , adjoint semigroups and the Radon-Nikodym property, tensor products of semigroups and duality, positive semigroups and multiplication semigroups. The major part of the material is reasonably self-contained and is accessible to anyone with basic knowledge of semi- group theory and Banach space theory. Most of the results are proved in detail. The book is addressed primarily to researchers working in semigroup theory, but in view of the "Banach space theory" flavour of many of the results, it will also be of interest to Banach space geometers and operator theorists.

Subsemigroups of finite-dimensional Lie groups that are generated by one-parameter semigroups are the subject of this book. It covers basic Lie theory for such semigroups and some closely related topics. These include ordered homogeneous manifolds, where the order is defined by a field of cones, invariant cones in Lie algebras and associated Ol'shanskii semigroups. Applications to representation theory, symplectic geometry and Hardy spaces are also given. The book is written as an efficient guide for those interested in subsemigroups of Lie groups and their applications in various fields of mathematics (see the User's guide at the end of the Introduction). Since it is essentially self-contained and leads directly to the core of the theory, the first part of the book can also serve as an introduction to the subject. The reader is merely expected to be familiar with the basic theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras.

Combinatorial group theory is a loosely defined subject, with close connections to topology and logic. With surprising frequency, problems in a wide variety of disciplines, including differential equations, automorphic functions and geometry, have been distilled into explicit questions about groups, typically of the following kind: Are the groups in a given class finite (e.g., the Burnside problem)? Finitely generated? Finitely presented? What are the conjugates of a given element in a given group? What are the subgroups of that group? Is there an algorithm for deciding for every pair of groups in a given class whether they are isomorphic or not? The objective of combinatorial group theory is the systematic development of algebraic techniques to settle such questions. In view of the scope of the subject and the extraordinary variety of groups involved, it is not surprising that no really general theory exists. These notes, bridging the very beginning of the theory to new results and developments, are devoted to a number of topics in combinatorial group theory and serve as an introduction to the subject on the graduate level.

This book is about orthomorphisms and complete mappings of groups, and related constructions of orthogonal latin squares. It brings together, for the first time in book form, many of the results in this area. The aim of this book is to lay the foundations for a theory of orthomorphism graphsof groups, and to encourage research in this area. To this end, many directions for future research are suggested. The material in this book should be accessible to any graduate student who has taken courses in algebra (group theory and field theory). It will mainly be useful in research on combinatorial design theory, group theory and field theory.

These notes form an extended version of talks given at the DMV-seminar in Giinzburg, September 1990. The seminar consisted of two parts: 1) "The isomorphism problem for integral group rings," with the main talks given by K. W. Roggenkamp and shorter contributions by W.Kimmerle, J.llitter and A. Zimmermann (Part 1). 2) "Galois-Module structure," with the main talks given by M.Taylor and shorter contributions by N.Byott (Part 2). We greatly appreciate the opportunity, given us by the DMV to hold this seminar. DMV-Seminar Part 1 Group Rings: Units and the Isomorphism Problem K. W. Roggenkamp with contributions by W. Kimmerle and A. Zimmermann Contents 3 Table of Contents I Some general facts ... 7 1 Ring reduction to PID . 7 2 Modules ........ . 7 II Some notes on representation theory 9 1 Blocks .................. . 9 2 Normalizers of p-Sylow subgroups of group bases 11 3 Cohomology rings 12 Profinite groups .. . . . . . . . . 13 4 III The leading coefficient of units 15 IV Class sum correspondence ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 21 ."

Differential algebraic groups were introduced by P. Cassidy and E. Kolchin and are, roughly speaking, groups defined by algebraic differential equations in the same way as algebraic groups are groups defined by algebraic equations. The aim of the book is two-fold: 1) the provide an algebraic geometer's introduction to differential algebraic groups and 2) to provide a structure and classification theory for the finite dimensional ones. The main idea of the approach is to relate this topic to the study of: a) deformations of (not necessarily linear) algebraic groups and b) deformations of their automorphisms. The reader is assumed to possesssome standard knowledge of algebraic geometry but no familiarity with Kolchin's work is necessary. The book is both a research monograph and an introduction to a new topic and thus will be of interest to a wide audience ranging from researchers to graduate students.

This book mainly discusses the representation theory of the special linear group 8L(2, 1R), and some applications of this theory. In fact the emphasis is on the applications; the working title of the book while it was being writ ten was "Some Things You Can Do with 8L(2). " Some of the applications are outside representation theory, and some are to representation theory it self. The topics outside representation theory are mostly ones of substantial classical importance (Fourier analysis, Laplace equation, Huyghens' prin ciple, Ergodic theory), while the ones inside representation theory mostly concern themes that have been central to Harish-Chandra's development of harmonic analysis on semisimple groups (his restriction theorem, regularity theorem, character formulas, and asymptotic decay of matrix coefficients and temperedness). We hope this mix of topics appeals to nonspecialists in representation theory by illustrating (without an interminable prolegom ena) how representation theory can offer new perspectives on familiar topics and by offering some insight into some important themes in representation theory itself. Especially, we hope this book popularizes Harish-Chandra's restriction formula, which, besides being basic to his work, is simply a beautiful example of Fourier analysis on Euclidean space. We also hope representation theorists will enjoy seeing examples of how their subject can be used and will be stimulated by some of the viewpoints offered on representation-theoretic issues."

This is the first-ever book on computational group theory. It provides extensive and up-to-date coverage of the fundamental algorithms for permutation groups with reference to aspects of combinatorial group theory, soluble groups, and p-groups where appropriate. The book begins with a constructive introduction to group theory and algorithms for computing with small groups, followed by a gradual discussion of the basic ideas of Sims for computing with very large permutation groups, and concludes with algorithms that use group homomorphisms, as in the computation of Sylowsubgroups. No background in group theory is assumed. The emphasis is on the details of the data structures and implementation which makes the algorithms effective when applied to realistic problems. The algorithms are developed hand-in-hand with the theoretical and practical justification.All algorithms are clearly described, examples are given, exercises reinforce understanding, and detailed bibliographical remarks explain the history and context of the work. Much of the later material on homomorphisms, Sylow subgroups, and soluble permutation groups is new.

Contents: G. Alexopoulos: Parabolic Harnack inequalities and Riesz transforms on Lie groups of polynomial growth.- H. Arai: Harmonic analysis with respect to degenerate Laplacian on strictly pseudoconvex domains.- J.M. Ash, R. Brown: Uniqueness and nonuniqueness for harmonic functions with zero nontangential limits.- A. Carbery, E. Hernandez, F.Soria: Estimates for the Kakeya maximal operator on radial functions in Rn.- S.-Y.A. Chang, P.C. Yang: Spectral invariants of conformal metrics.- M. Christ: Remarks on the breakdown of analycity for b and Szego kernels.- R. Coifman, S. Semmes: L2 estimates in nonlinear Fourier analysis.- Dinh Dung: On optimal recovery of multivariate periodic functions.- S.A.A. Emara: A class of weighted inequalities.- G.I. Gaudry: Some singular integrals on the affine group.- J.-P. Kahane: From Riesz products to random sets.- T. Kawazoe: A model of reduction in harmonic analysis on real rank 1 semisimple Lie groups I.- P.G. Lemarie: Wavelets, spline interpolation and Lie groups.- P. Mattila: Principle values of Cauchy integrals, rectifiable measures and sets.- A. Miyachi: Extension theorems for real variable Hardy and Hardy-Sobolev spaces.- T. Mizuhara: Boundedness of some classical operators on generalized Morrey spaces.- G. Sinnamon: Interpolation of spaces defined by the level function.- T.N. Varopoulos: Groups of superpolynomial growth.- J.M. Wilson: Littlewood-Paley theory in one and two parameters.- J.M. Wilson: Two-weight norm inequalities for the Fourier transform.- Program.- List of participants.

Permutation groups is one of the oldest topics in algebra. However, the study of this field has recently been revolutionized by new developments, particularly the classification of finite simple groups, but also relations with logic and combinatorics, and importantly, computer algebra systems have been introduced that can deal with large permutation groups. This book gives a summary of these developments, including an introduction to relevant computer algebra systems, sketch proofs of major theorems, and many examples of applying the classification of finite simple groups. It is aimed at beginning graduate students and experts in other areas, and grew from a short course at the EIDMA institute in Eindhoven.

This book demonstrates the lively interaction between algebraic topology, very low dimensional topology and combinatorial group theory. Many of the ideas presented are still in their infancy, and it is hoped that the work here will spur others to new and exciting developments. Among the many techniques disussed are the use of obstruction groups to distinguish certain exact sequences and several graph theoretic techniques with applications to the theory of groups.