Harish-Chandra s general Plancherel inversion theorem admits a much shorter presentation for spherical functions. Previous expositions have dealt with a general, wide class of Lie groups. This has made access to the subject difficult for outsiders, who may wish to connect some aspects with several if not all other parts of mathematics. In this book, the essential features of Harish-Chandra theory are exhibited on SLn(R), but hundreds of pages of background are replaced by short direct verifications. The material is accessible to graduate students with no background in Lie groups and representation theory."

This book contains two contributions: "Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods in Algebra" by V.A. Ufnarovskij is a survey of various combinatorial methods in infinite-dimensional algebras, widely interpreted to contain homological algebra and vigorously developing computer algebra, and narrowly interpreted as the study of algebraic objects defined by generators and their relations. The author shows how objects like words, graphs and automata provide valuable information in asymptotic studies. The main methods emply the notions of Grobner bases, generating functions, growth and those of homological algebra. Treated are also problems of relationships between different series, such as Hilbert, Poincare and Poincare-Betti series. Hyperbolic and quantum groups are also discussed. The reader does not need much of background material for he can find definitions and simple properties of the defined notions introduced along the way. "Non-Associative Structures" by E.N.Kuz'min and I.P.Shestakov surveys the modern state of the theory of non-associative structures that are nearly associative. Jordan, alternative, Malcev, and quasigroup algebras are discussed as well as applications of these structures in various areas of mathematics and primarily their relationship with the associative algebras. Quasigroups and loops are treated too. The survey is self-contained and complete with references to proofs in the literature. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in mathematics, computer science and theoretical physics."

This is the first monograph to exclusively treat Kac-Moody (K-M) groups, a standard tool in mathematics and mathematical physics. K-M Lie algebras were introduced in the mid-sixties independently by V. Kac and R. Moody, generalizing finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras. K-M theory has since undergone tremendous developments in various directions and has profound connections with a number of diverse areas, including number theory, combinatorics, topology, singularities, quantum groups, completely integrable systems, and mathematical physics. This comprehensive, well-written text moves from K-M Lie algebras to the broader K-M Lie group setting, and focuses on the study of K-M groups and their flag varieties. In developing K-M theory from scratch, the author systematically leads readers to the forefront of the subject, treating the algebro-geometric, topological, and representation-theoretic aspects of the theory. Most of the material presented here is not available anywhere in the book literature.{\it Kac--Moody Groups, their Flag Varieties and Representation Theory} is suitable for an advanced graduate course in representation theory, and contains a number of examples, exercises, challenging open problems, comprehensive bibliography, and index. Research mathematicians at the crossroads of representation theory, geometry, and topology will learn a great deal from this text; although the book is devoted to the general K-M case, those primarily interested in the finite-dimensional case will also benefit. No prior knowledge of K-M Lie algebras or of (finite-dimensional) algebraic groups is required, but some basic knowledge would certainly be helpful. For the reader's convenience some of the basic results needed from other areas, including ind-varieties, pro-algebraic groups and pro-Lie algebras, Tits systems, local cohomology, equivariant cohomology, and homological algebra are included.

The Mathematical Sciences Research Institute sponsored a three day conference, May 21-23, 1984 to honor Professor George W. Mackey. The title of the conference, Group Representations, Ergodic Theory, Operator Algebras, and Mathematical Physics, reflects the interests in science that have characterized Professor wide ranging Mackey's work. The conference provided an opportunity for his students, friends and colleagues to honor him and his contributions. The conference was attended by over one hundred people and the participants included five mathematical generations Professor Mackey's mathematical father, Marshall Stone, many mathematical children, grandchildren, and at least one mathematical great-grandchild. This volume is a compendium of the scientific papers presented at the conference plus some additional papers contributed after the conference. The far ranging scope of the various articles is a further indication of the large number of fields that have been affected by Professor Mackey's work. Calvin C. Moore Berkeley, CA Feb, 1986 Table of Contents Preface vi i Ambiguity Functions and Group L. Auslander and Representations R. Tolimieri Kirillov Orbits and Direct Integral Lawrence Corwin 11 Decompositions on Certain Quotient Spaces Some Homotopy and Shape Calculations Edward G. Effors and 69 for C*-Algebras Jerome Kaminker 121 Small Unitary Representations of Roger Howe Classical Groups Dual Vector Spaces Irving Kaplansky 151 Exponential Decay of Correlation Calvin C. Moore 163 Coefficients for Geodesic Flows Lattices in U(n. I) G. D. Mostow Induced Bundles and Nonlinear Irving E. Segal 199 Wave equations Compact Ahelian Aut.

This book is based on the notes of the authors' seminar on algebraic and Lie groups held at the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow University in 1967/68. Our guiding idea was to present in the most economic way the theory of semisimple Lie groups on the basis of the theory of algebraic groups. Our main sources were A. Borel's paper [34], C. ChevalIey's seminar [14], seminar "Sophus Lie" [15] and monographs by C. Chevalley [4], N. Jacobson [9] and J-P. Serre [16, 17]. In preparing this book we have completely rearranged these notes and added two new chapters: "Lie groups" and "Real semisimple Lie groups". Several traditional topics of Lie algebra theory, however, are left entirely disregarded, e.g. universal enveloping algebras, characters of linear representations and (co)homology of Lie algebras. A distinctive feature of this book is that almost all the material is presented as a sequence of problems, as it had been in the first draft of the seminar's notes. We believe that solving these problems may help the reader to feel the seminar's atmosphere and master the theory. Nevertheless, all the non-trivial ideas, and sometimes solutions, are contained in hints given at the end of each section. The proofs of certain theorems, which we consider more difficult, are given directly in the main text. The book also contains exercises, the majority of which are an essential complement to the main contents.

Ever since the discovery of the five platonic solids in ancient times, the study of symmetry and regularity has been one of the most fascinating aspects of mathematics. Quite often the arithmetical regularity properties of an object imply its uniqueness and the existence of many symmetries. This interplay between regularity and symmetry properties of graphs is the theme of this book. Starting from very elementary regularity properties, the concept of a distance-regular graph arises naturally as a common setting for regular graphs which are extremal in one sense or another. Several other important regular combinatorial structures are then shown to be equivalent to special families of distance-regular graphs. Other subjects of more general interest, such as regularity and extremal properties in graphs, association schemes, representations of graphs in euclidean space, groups and geometries of Lie type, groups acting on graphs, and codes are covered independently. Many new results and proofs and more than 750 references increase the encyclopaedic value of this book.

x system Ib-TEX. I wish to thank her for the beautiful work and the numerous discussions on the contents of this book. I am indebted to Peter Fassler, Neu-Technikum Buchs, Switzerland, for drafting the figures, to my students Kurt Rothermann and Stefan Strahl for computer enhancing and labeling the graphics, to Pascal Felder and Markus Wittwer for a simulation program that generated the figures in the stochastics sections. My thanks go to my new colleague at work, Daniel Neuenschwander, for the inspiring discussions related to the section in stochastics and for reading the manuscript to it. I am also grateful to Dacfey Dzung for reading the whole manuscript. Thanks go especially to Professor \Valter Gander of ETH, Zurich, who at the finishing stage and as an expert of 'JEXgenerously invested numerous hours to assist us in solving software as well as hardware problems; thanks go also to Martin Muller, Ingenieurschule Biel, who made the final layout of this book on the NeXT computer. Thanks are also due to Helmut Kopka of the Max Planck Institute, for solving software problems, and to Professor Burchard Kaup of the Uni versity of Fribourg, Switzerland for adding some useful software; also to Birkhauser Boston Inc. for the pleasant co-operation. Finally, let me be reminiscent of Professor E. Stiefel (deceased 1978) with whom I had many interesting discussions and true co-operation when writing the book in German."

There are many approaches to noncommutative geometry and its use in physics, the ? operator algebra and C -algebra one, the deformation quantization one, the qu- tum group one, and the matrix algebra/fuzzy geometry one. This volume introduces and develops the subject by presenting in particular the ideas and methods recently pursued by Julius Wess and his group. These methods combine the deformation quantization approach based on the - tion of star product and the deformed (quantum) symmetries methods based on the theory of quantum groups. The merging of these two techniques has proven very fruitful in order to formulate ?eld theories on noncommutative spaces. The aim of the book is to give an introduction to these topics and to prepare the reader to enter the research ?eld himself/herself. This has developed from the constant interest of Prof. W. Beiglboeck, editor of LNP, in this project, and from the authors experience in conferences and schools on the subject, especially from their interaction with students and young researchers. In fact quite a few chapters in the book were written with a double purpose, on the one hand as contributions for school or conference proceedings and on the other handaschaptersforthepresentbook.Thesearenowharmonizedandcomplemented by a couple of contributions that have been written to provide a wider background, to widen the scope, and to underline the power of our methods.

The algebra of square matrices of size n ~ 2 over the field of complex numbers is, evidently, the best-known example of a non-commutative alge 1 bra * Subalgebras and subrings of this algebra (for example, the ring of n x n matrices with integral entries) arise naturally in many areas of mathemat ics. Historically however, the study of matrix algebras was preceded by the discovery of quatemions which, introduced in 1843 by Hamilton, found ap plications in the classical mechanics of the past century. Later it turned out that quaternion analysis had important applications in field theory. The al gebra of quaternions has become one of the classical mathematical objects; it is used, for instance, in algebra, geometry and topology. We will briefly focus on other examples of non-commutative rings and algebras which arise naturally in mathematics and in mathematical physics. The exterior algebra (or Grassmann algebra) is widely used in differential geometry - for example, in geometric theory of integration. Clifford algebras, which include exterior algebras as a special case, have applications in rep resentation theory and in algebraic topology. The Weyl algebra (Le. algebra of differential operators with* polynomial coefficients) often appears in the representation theory of Lie algebras. In recent years modules over the Weyl algebra and sheaves of such modules became the foundation of the so-called microlocal analysis. The theory of operator algebras (Le.

* Introduces the fundamental theory of vertex operator algebras and its basic techniques and examples. * Begins with a detailed presentation of the theoretical foundations and proceeds to a range of applications. * Includes a number of new, original results and brings fresh perspective to important works of many other researchers in algebra, lie theory, representation theory, string theory, quantum field theory, and other areas of math and physics.

Geometric group theory is a vibrant subject at the heart of modern mathematics. It is currently enjoying a period of rapid growth and great influence marked by a deepening of its fertile interactions with logic, analysis and large-scale geometry, and striking progress has been made on classical problems at the heart of cohomological group theory. This volume provides the reader with a tour through a selection of the most important trends in the field, including limit groups, quasi-isometric rigidity, non-positive curvature in group theory, and L2-methods in geometry, topology and group theory. Major survey articles exploring recent developments in the field are supported by shorter research papers, which are written in a style that readers approaching the field for the first time will find inviting.

In a broad sense design science is the grammar of a language of images rather than of words. Modem communication techniques enable us to transmit and reconstitute images without needing to know a specific verbal sequence language such as the Morse code or Hungarian. Inter national traffic signs use international image symbols which are not An image language differs specific to any particular verbal language. from a verbal one in that the latter uses a linear string of symbols, whereas the former is multidimensional. Architectural renderings commonly show projections onto three mutually perpendicular planes, or consist of cross sections at different altitudes capable of being stacked and representing different floor plans. Such renderings make it difficult to imagine buildings compris ing ramps and other features which disguise the separation between and consequently limit the creative process of the architect. floors, Analogously, we tend to analyze natural structures as if nature had used similar stacked renderings, rather than, for instance, a system of packed spheres, with the result that we fail to perceive the system of organization determining the form of such structures."

One service mathematici has rendered the 'Et moi, ... si j'avait IU comment en revenir. je n'y serais point alle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belong., on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non- The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense', Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. O. H eaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other pans and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'el;re of this series."

Author's Preface to the Russian Edition This book is written for advanced students, for predoctoral graduate stu dents, and for professional scientists-mathematicians, physicists, and chemists-who desire to study the foundations of the theory of finite dimensional representations of groups. We suppose that the reader is familiar with linear algebra, with elementary mathematical analysis, and with the theory of analytic functions. All else that is needed for reading this book is set down in the book where it is needed or is provided for by references to standard texts. The first two chapters are devoted to the algebraic aspects of the theory of representations and to representations of finite groups. Later chapters take up the principal facts about representations of topological groups, as well as the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras and their representations. We have arranged our material to help the reader to master first the easier parts of the theory and later the more difficult. In the author's opinion, however, it is algebra that lies at the heart of the whole theory. To keep the size of the book within reasonable bounds, we have limited ourselves to finite-dimensional representations. The author intends to devote another volume to a more general theory, which includes infinite dimensional representations."

A companion volume to the text "Complex Variables: An Introduction" by the same authors, this book further develops the theory, continuing to emphasize the role that the Cauchy-Riemann equation plays in modern complex analysis. Topics considered include: Boundary values of holomorphic functions in the sense of distributions; interpolation problems and ideal theory in algebras of entire functions with growth conditions; exponential polynomials; the G transform and the unifying role it plays in complex analysis and transcendental number theory; summation methods; and the theorem of L. Schwarz concerning the solutions of a homogeneous convolution equation on the real line and its applications in harmonic function theory.

Of all topological algebraic structures compact topological groups have perhaps the richest theory since 80 many different fields contribute to their study: Analysis enters through the representation theory and harmonic analysis; differential geo metry, the theory of real analytic functions and the theory of differential equations come into the play via Lie group theory; point set topology is used in describing the local geometric structure of compact groups via limit spaces; global topology and the theory of manifolds again playa role through Lie group theory; and, of course, algebra enters through the cohomology and homology theory. A particularly well understood subclass of compact groups is the class of com pact abelian groups. An added element of elegance is the duality theory, which states that the category of compact abelian groups is completely equivalent to the category of (discrete) abelian groups with all arrows reversed. This allows for a virtually complete algebraisation of any question concerning compact abelian groups. The subclass of compact abelian groups is not so special within the category of compact. groups as it may seem at first glance. As is very well known, the local geometric structure of a compact group may be extremely complicated, but all local complication happens to be "abelian." Indeed, via the duality theory, the complication in compact connected groups is faithfully reflected in the theory of torsion free discrete abelian groups whose notorious complexity has resisted all efforts of complete classification in ranks greater than two."

One of the pervasive phenomena in the history of science is the development of independent disciplines from the solution or attempted solutions of problems in other areas of science. In the Twentieth Century, the creation of specialties witqin the sciences has accelerated to the point where a large number of scientists in any major branch of science cannot understand the work of a colleague in another subdiscipline of his own science. Despite this fragmentation, the development of techniques or solutions of problems in one area very often contribute fundamentally to solutions of problems in a seemingly unrelated field. Therefore, an examination of this phenomenon of the formation of independent disciplines within the sciences would contrib ute to the understanding of their evolution in modern times. We believe that in this context the history of combinatorial group theory in the late Nineteenth Century and the Twentieth Century can be used effectively as a case study. It is a reasonably well-defined independent specialty, and yet it is closely related to other mathematical disciplines. The fact that combinatorial group theory has, so far, not been influenced by the practical needs of science and technology makes it possible for us to use combinatorial group theory to exhibit the role of the intellectual aspects of the development of mathematics in a clearcut manner. There are other features of combinatorial group theory which appear to make it a reasona ble choice as the object of a historical study."

Drinfeld Moduli Schemes and Automorphic Forms: The Theory of Elliptic Modules with Applications is based on the author's original work establishing the correspondence between ell-adic rank r Galois representations and automorphic representations of GL(r) over a function field, in the local case, and, in the global case, under a restriction at a single place. It develops Drinfeld's theory of elliptic modules, their moduli schemes and covering schemes, the simple trace formula, the fixed point formula, as well as the congruence relations and a "simple" converse theorem, not yet published anywhere. This version, based on a recent course taught by the author at The Ohio State University, is updated with references to research that has extended and developed the original work. The use of the theory of elliptic modules in the present work makes it accessible to graduate students, and it will serve as a valuable resource to facilitate an entrance to this fascinating area of mathematics.

appear in Volume 1, a Roman numeral "I" has been prefixed as a reminder to the reader; thus, for example, "I, B.2.1 " refers to Appendix B.2.1 in Volume 1. An understanding of the main topics discussed in this book does not, I hope, hinge upon repeated consultation of the items listed in the bibli ography. Readers with a limited aim should find strictly necessary only an occasional reference to a few of the book listed. The remaining items, and especially the numerous research papers mentioned, are listed as an aid to those readers who wish to pursue the subject beyond the limits reached in this book; such readers must be prepared to make the very considerable effort called for in making an acquaintance with current research literature. A few of the research papers listed cover devel opments that came to my notice too late for mention in the main text. For this reason, any attempted summary in the main text of the current standing of a research problem should be supplemented by an examin ation of the bibliography and by scrutiny of the usual review literature."

There is no question that the cohomology of infinite dimensional Lie algebras deserves a brief and separate mono graph. This subject is not cover d by any of the tradition al branches of mathematics and is characterized by relative ly elementary proofs and varied application. Moreover, the subject matter is widely scattered in various research papers or exists only in verbal form. The theory of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras differs markedly from the theory of finite-dimensional Lie algebras in that the latter possesses powerful classification theo rems, which usually allow one to "recognize" any finite dimensional Lie algebra (over the field of complex or real numbers), i.e., find it in some list. There are classifica tion theorems in the theory of infinite-dimensional Lie al gebras as well, but they are encumbered by strong restric tions of a technical character. These theorems are useful mainly because they yield a considerable supply of interest ing examples. We begin with a list of such examples, and further direct our main efforts to their study."

Motivated by the importance of the Campbell, Baker, Hausdorff, Dynkin Theorem in many different branches of Mathematics and Physics (Lie group-Lie algebra theory, linear PDEs, Quantum and Statistical Mechanics, Numerical Analysis, Theoretical Physics, Control Theory, sub-Riemannian Geometry), this monograph is intended to: fully enable readers (graduates or specialists, mathematicians, physicists or applied scientists, acquainted with Algebra or not) to understand and apply the statements and numerous corollaries of the main result, provide a wide spectrum of proofs from the modern literature, comparing different techniques and furnishing a unifying point of view and notation, provide a thorough historical background of the results, together with unknown facts about the effective early contributions by Schur, Poincare, Pascal, Campbell, Baker, Hausdorff and Dynkin, give an outlook on the applications, especially in Differential Geometry (Lie group theory) and Analysis (PDEs of subelliptic type) andquickly enable the reader, through a description of the state-of-art and open problems, to understand the modern literature concerning a theorem which, though having its roots in the beginning of the20th century, has not ceased to provide new problems and applications.

The book assumes some undergraduate-level knowledge of algebra and analysis, but apart from that is self-contained. Part II of the monograph is devoted to the proofs of the algebraic background. The monograph may therefore provide a tool for beginners in Algebra."

Bifurcation theory studies how the structure of solutions to equations changes as parameters are varied. The nature of these changes depends both on the number of parameters and on the symmetries of the equations. Volume I discusses how singularity-theoretic techniques aid the understanding of transitions in multiparameter systems. This volume focuses on bifurcation problems with symmetry and shows how group-theoretic techniques aid the understanding of transitions in symmetric systems. Four broad topics are covered: group theory and steady-state bifurcation, equicariant singularity theory, Hopf bifurcation with symmetry, and mode interactions. The opening chapter provides an introduction to these subjects and motivates the study of systems with symmetry. Detailed case studies illustrate how group-theoretic methods can be used to analyze specific problems arising in applications.

This book contains a collection of survey papers in the areas of algorithms, lan guages and complexity, the three areas in which Professor Ronald V. Book has made significant contributions. As a fonner student and a co-author who have been influenced by him directly, we would like to dedicate this book to Professor Ronald V. Book to honor and celebrate his sixtieth birthday. Professor Book initiated his brilliant academic career in 1958, graduating from Grinnell College with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He obtained a Master of Arts in Teaching degree in 1960 and a Master of Arts degree in 1964 both from Wesleyan University, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Harvard University in 1969, under the guidance of Professor Sheila A. Greibach. Professor Book's research in discrete mathematics and theoretical com puter science is reflected in more than 150 scientific publications. These works have made a strong impact on the development of several areas of theoretical computer science. A more detailed summary of his scientific research appears in this volume separately."

'Et moi *...* si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point aIle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non- The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell o. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non- linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics ...'; 'One service logic has rendered com- puter science ...'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics ...'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.

Ever since its introduction around 1960 by Kirillov, the orbit method has played a major role in representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. This book contains the proceedings of a conference held from August 29 to September 2, 1988, at the University of Copenhagen, about "the orbit method in representation theory." It contains ten articles, most of which are original research papers, by well-known mathematicians in the field, and it reflects the fact that the orbit method plays an important role in the representation theory of semisimple Lie groups, solvable Lie groups, and even more general Lie groups, and also in the theory of enveloping algebras.