Radio 4's Book of the Week A Financial Times Book of the Year Shortlisted for the 2020 Financial Times / McKinsey Business Book of the Year Longlisted for the National Book Award 'The story of the original data science hucksters of the 1960s is hilarious, scathing and sobering - what you might get if you crossed Mad Men with Theranos' David Runciman The Simulmatics Corporation, founded in 1959, mined data, targeted voters, accelerated news, manipulated consumers, destabilized politics, and disordered knowledge--decades before Facebook, Google, Amazon, and Cambridge Analytica. Silicon Valley likes to imagine it has no past but the scientists of Simulmatics are the long-dead grandfathers of Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk. Borrowing from psychological warfare, they used computers to predict and direct human behavior, deploying their "People Machine" from New York, Cambridge, and Saigon for clients that included John Kennedy's presidential campaign, the New York Times, Young & Rubicam, and, during the Vietnam War, the Department of Defence. In If Then, distinguished Harvard historian and New Yorker staff writer, Jill Lepore, unearths from the archives the almost unbelievable story of this long-vanished corporation, and of the women hidden behind it. In the 1950s and 1960s, Lepore argues, Simulmatics invented the future by building the machine in which the world now finds itself trapped and tormented, algorithm by algorithm. 'A person can't help but feel inspired by the riveting intelligence and joyful curiosity of Jill Lepore. Knowing that there is a mind like hers in the world is a hope-inducing thing' George Saunders, Man Booker Prize-winning author of Lincoln in the Bardo 'An authoritative account of the origins of data science, a compelling political narrative of America in the Sixties, a poignant collective biography of a generation of flawed men' David Kynaston 'If Then is simultaneously gripping and absolutely terrifying' Amanda Foreman

In the 1960s, multinational corporations faced new image problems-and turned to the art world for some unexpected solutions. The 1960s saw artists and multinational corporations exploring new ways to use art for commercial gain. Whereas many art historical accounts of this period privilege radical artistic practices that seem to oppose the dominant values of capitalism, Alex J. Taylor instead reveals an art world deeply immersed in the imperatives of big business. From Andy Warhol's work for packaged goods manufacturers to Richard Serra's involvement with the steel industry, Taylor demonstrates how major artists of the period provided brands with "forms of persuasion" that bolstered corporate power, prestige, and profit. Drawing on extensive original research conducted in artist, gallery, and corporate archives, Taylor recovers a flourishing field of promotional initiatives that saw artists, advertising creatives, and executives working around the same tables. As museums continue to grapple with the ethical dilemmas posed by funding from oil companies, military suppliers, and drug manufacturers, Forms of Persuasion returns to these earlier relations between artists and multinational corporations to examine the complex aesthetic and ideological terms of their enduring entanglements.

In the 1970s, while their contemporaries were protesting the computer as a tool of dehumanization and oppression, a motley collection of college dropouts, hippies, and electronics fanatics were engaged in something much more subversive. Obsessed with the idea of getting computer power into their own hands, they launched from their garages a hobbyist movement that grew into an industry, and ultimately a social and technological revolution. What they did was invent the personal computer: not just a new device, but a watershed in the relationship between man and machine. This is their story. Fire in the Valley is the definitive history of the personal computer, drawn from interviews with the people who made it happen, written by two veteran computer writers who were there from the start. Working at InfoWorld in the early 1980s, Swaine and Freiberger daily rubbed elbows with people like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates when they were creating the personal computer revolution. A rich story of colorful individuals, Fire in the Valley profiles these unlikely revolutionaries and entrepreneurs, such as Ed Roberts of MITS, Lee Felsenstein at Processor Technology, and Jack Tramiel of Commodore, as well as Jobs and Gates in all the innocence of their formative years. This completely revised and expanded third edition brings the story to its completion, chronicling the end of the personal computer revolution and the beginning of the post-PC era. It covers the departure from the stage of major players with the deaths of Steve Jobs and Douglas Engelbart and the retirements of Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer; the shift away from the PC to the cloud and portable devices; and what the end of the PC era means for issues such as personal freedom and power, and open source vs. proprietary software.

The London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was a unique hybrid public body accountable only to a small number of stakeholders, yet it delivered substantial improvements in public services and provided good working conditions for its employees at the cost of its investors. London Transport: A Hybrid in History 1905-48 innovatively combines a revisionist historical narrative with a systematic analysis of quantitative and qualitative research to explore how and why the LPTB achieved rare popularity amongst its customers. Divided into three sections, the book explores the financial operations of the Board, the Board as a system of governance and the leadership and management within the LPTB. Using the extensive Transport for London archives, James Fowler conducts a timely assessment of the public network utility that once made London transport domestically popular and internationally admired. With debates about British transport policy ongoing, this book is an illuminating read for scholars and students researching within the areas of business management history, transport and public sector governance and administration.

It seems incredible that a mere 33 years separates the maiden flights of the Barnes Wallis-designed R.100 airship from the beautiful VC10 airliner. It is also remarkable that, in 2013, the latter is still in service, albeit in dwindling numbers, but still representing a company that was formed 102 years ago! Although the VC10 was prefixed with BAC by the time of its entry into service, the aircraft represents the rapid rise of Vickers, which actually embarked on its first aeronautical project in 1908, before establishing an official aviation department in 1911. Vickers produced over 70 different types of aircraft during a 49-year period, not including a host of sub-variants, the Wellington, for example, having 19 alone. Not all were successful, but every one contributed, however small, another nugget of experience, which was either ploughed into the next aircraft or stored away for the future. An ability to think outside the box', was another of Vickers' fortes. A good example of this was not only employing Barnes Wallis, but having such faith in his ideas, which must have seemed quite radical at the time, especially his perseverance and ultimate success with geodetic construction. Wallis had no shortage of critics and many dyed in the wool' employees of Vickers, during the early days, left the company because of his ideas. However, history has shown us that he was right about geodetics, and like Hawker with its Hurricane and Supermarine with its Spitfire, only God knows what the RAF would have done without the Wellington at the beginning of the Second World War. This book gives readers an insight into the aircraft produced by Vickers, as well as a history of the aircraft company itself.

Die Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer im Aufsichtsrat steht national und international in der Diskussion. Die Beitrage dieses Sammelbandes diskutieren das europaische System der Mitbestimmungsverhandlungen und eroertern seine UEbertragbarkeit auf das deutsche Recht als Modell der Mitbestimmungserstreckung auf auslandische Gesellschaften. Weitere Beitrage analysieren die Mitbestimmungserfahrungen auslandischer Rechtsordnungen, die Suche nach geeigneten Mitbestimmungsverfahren fur supranationale Rechtsformen sowie sozialwissenschaftliche Aspekte der oeffentlichen Wahrnehmung von Mitbestimmung.

Lukas Vossen untersucht Zulassigkeit und Grenzen von Investorengesprachen des Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden im Recht der boersennotierten Aktiengesellschaft. Ausgehend von einer Literaturanalyse und Wurdigung des rechtlichen status quo sind Alleinstellungsmerkmale seiner Arbeit der Zugriff auf empirisch arbeitende Nachbardisziplinen sowie eine eigene qualitativ empirische Interviewstudie mit zahlreichen Rechtsanwalten und Syndizi. Das Ergebnis ist ein rechtspraktischer Belastungstest des aktuellen rechtswissenschaftlichen Streit- und Forschungsstands. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt daruber hinaus auf dem Gedanken, zukunftig sogenannte Stewardship-Aktionare im Rahmen der Abwagung des 53a AktG beim Zugang zu Investorengesprachen zu privilegieren.

'An explosive new book' Daily Mail '[A] careful, comprehensive interrogation of every major Facebook scandal. An Ugly Truth provides the kind of satisfaction you might get if you hired a private investigator to track a cheating spouse: it confirms your worst suspicions and then gives you all the dates and details you need to cut through the company's spin' New York Times __________________________________________ Award-winning New York Times reporters Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang unveil the tech story of our times in this riveting, behind-the-scenes expose that offers the definitive account of Facebook's fall from grace. Once one of Silicon Valley's greatest success stories, for the past five years Facebook has been under constant fire, roiled by controversies and crises. It turns out that while the tech giant was connecting the world, they were also mishandling users' data, allowing the spread of fake news, and the amplification of dangerous, polarising hate speech. In a period of great upheaval, growth has remained the one constant under the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg. Each has stood by as their technology is co-opted by hate-mongers, criminals and corrupt political regimes across the globe, with devastating consequences. In An Ugly Truth, they are at last held accountable. __________________________________________ 'Better sourced than all of its predecessors in the genre . . . makes for gripping as well as depressing reading. One of the book's striking revelations is that there is more anxiety inside the company than we realised. Many Facebook employees have been anguished, frustrated or angry about what their employer has been doing in its relentless quest for growth. Some have tried to alert their superiors to their concerns. But time and again the bad news hasn't persuaded those bosses because they didn't sync with the overriding imperative of endless corporate growth . . . The problem of Facebook is Zuckerberg. And the question posed by this splendid book is: what are we going to do about him?' Observer, Book of the Week 'What marks this book out is how it gets under the corporate bonnet . . . to build a picture of astounding corporate arrogance and irresponsibility' Sunday Times 'A detailed dismantling of what happened at the highest levels of the company as it pursued a policy of deny, deflect and obfuscate' New Statesman

Spielerleihgeschafte sind mittlerweile im Profisport zu einer echten Alternative zum endgultigen Transfer gereift. Der Autor geht auf die sich bei der Spielerleihe stellenden Rechtsfragen tiefgehend ein. Schwerpunktmassig werden zum einen die verbandsrechtlichen Vorschriften, welche die Spieleruberlassung reglementieren, auf ihre Vereinbarkeit mit hoeherrangigem Recht uberpruft. Dies gilt auch fur die von der FIFA geplanten Beschrankungen von Leihgeschaften. Zum anderen beschaftigt sich der Autor intensiv mit der Thematik, ob die gegenwartige Praxis der Spielerleihe mit dem Arbeitnehmeruberlassungsgesetz (AUEG) vereinbar ist, welcher gerade auch vor dem Hintergrund der jungsten AUEG-Reform ausserste Brisanz zukommt. Schliesslich werden noch entsprechende Alternativmoeglichkeiten vorgestellt.

In 1899, Allie Rowbottom's great-great-great-uncle bought the patent to Jell-O from its inventor for $450. The sale would turn out to be one of the most profitable business deals in American history and the generations that followed enjoyed immense privilege - but they were also haunted by suicides, cancer, alcoholism and mysterious ailments. More than 100 years after that deal was struck, Allie's mother Mary was diagnosed with the same incurable cancer, a disease that had also claimed her own mother's life. Determined to combat what she had come to consider the "Jell-O curse" and her looming mortality, Mary began obsessively researching her family's past, determined to understand the origins of her illness and the impact on her life of Jell-O and the traditional American values the company championed. Before she died in 2015, Mary began to send Allie boxes of her research and notes, in the hope that her daughter might write what she could not. JELL-O GIRLS is the liberation of that story. A gripping examination of the dark side of an iconic American product and a moving portrait of the women who lived in the shadow of its fractured fortune, JELL-O GIRLS is a family history, a feminist history and a story of motherhood, love and loss. In crystalline prose Rowbottom considers the roots of trauma not only in her own family but in the American psyche as well, ultimately weaving a story that is deeply personal, as well as deeply connected to the collective female experience.

For readers of Giulia Enders’ Gut and Bill Bryson’s The Body, a surprising, witty and sparkling exploration of the teeming microbiome of possibility in human feces from microbiologist and science journalist Bryn Nelson.

The future is sh*t: the literal kind. For most of human history we’ve been, well, disinclined to take a closer look at our body’s natural product—the complex antihero of this story—save for gleaning some prophecy of our own health. But if we were to take more than a passing look at our poop, we would spy a veritable cornucopia of possibilities. We would see potent medicine, sustainable power, and natural fertilizer to restore the world’s depleted lands. We would spy a time capsule of evidence for understanding past lives and murderous ends. We would glimpse effective ways of measuring and improving human health from the cradle to the grave, early warnings of community outbreaks like Covid-19, and new means of identifying environmental harm—and then reversing it.

Flush is both an urgent exploration of the world’s single most squandered natural resource, and a cri de coeur (or cri de colon?) for the vast, hidden value in our “waste.” Award-winning journalist and microbiologist Bryn Nelson, PhD, leads readers through the colon and beyond with infectious enthusiasm, helping to usher in a necessary mental shift that could restore our balance with the rest of the planet and save us from ourselves. Unlocking poop’s enormous potential will require us to overcome our shame and disgust and embrace our role as the producers and architects of a more circular economy in which lowly byproducts become our species’ salvation. Locked within you is a medicine cabinet, a biogas pipeline, a glass of drinking water, a mound of fuel briquettes; it’s time to open the doors (carefully!). A dose of medicine, a glass of water, a gallon of rocket fuel, an acre of soil: sometimes hope arrives in surprising packages.

Steuervermeidungsstrategien globaler Internet-Konzerne sind Gegenstand kontroverser politischer Debatten und stellen Deutschland und die Europaische Union vor beachtliche Herausforderungen. Globale Internet-Konzerne zahlen trotz ihrer hohen Umsatze vergleichsweise geringe Ertragsteuern, weil die geltenden steuer- und abkommensrechtlichen Vorgaben nicht auf grenzuberschreitende digitale Geschaftsmodelle zugeschnitten sind. Die vorliegende Publikation befasst sich mit den Besteuerungsdefiziten der Digitalen Wirtschaft. Die Autorin setzt sich kritisch mit ausgewahlten Reformvorschlagen auseinander, die durch die OECD, die Kommission und den deutschen Gesetzgeber in der jungeren Vergangenheit entwickelt und diskutiert wurden, darunter insbesondere mit dem Konzept der virtuellen Betriebsstatte.

A journey through the Index Revolution from the man who started it all Stay the Course is the story the Vanguard Group as told by its founder, legendary investor John C. Bogle. This engrossing book traces the history of Vanguard--the largest mutual fund organization on earth. Offering the world's first index mutual fund in 1976, John Bogle led Vanguard from a $1.4 billion firm with a staff of 28 to a global company of 16,000 employees and with more than $5 trillion in assets under management. An engaging blend of company history, investment perspective, and personal memoir, this book provides a fascinating look into the mind of an extraordinary man and the company he created. John Bogle continues to be an inspiring and trusted figure to millions of individual investors the world over. His creative innovation, personal integrity, and stubborn determination infuse every aspect of the company he founded. This accessible and engaging book will help you: Explore the history of some of Vanguard's most important mutual funds, including First Index Investment Trust, Wellington Fund, and Windsor Fund Understand how the Vanguard Group gave rise to the Index Revolution and transformed the lives of millions of individual investors Gain insight on John Bogle's views on values such as perseverance, caring, commitment, integrity, and fairness Investigate a wide range of investing topics through the lens of one of the most prominent figures in the history of modern finance The Vanguard Group and John Bogle are inextricably linked--it would be impossible to tell one story without the other. Stay the Course: The Story of Vanguard and the Index Revolution weaves these stories together taking you on a journey through the history of one revolutionary company and one remarkable man. Investors, wealth managers, financial advisors, business leaders, and those who enjoy a good story, will find this book as informative and unique as its author.

The first complete history of US industry's most influential and controversial lobbyist Founded in 1895, the National Association of Manufacturers-NAM-helped make manufacturing the basis of the US economy and a major source of jobs in the twentieth century. The Industrialists traces the history of the advocacy group from its origins to today, examining its role in shaping modern capitalism, while also highlighting the many tensions and contradictions within the organization that sometimes hampered its mission. In this compelling book, Jennifer Delton argues that NAM-an organization best known for fighting unions, promoting "free enterprise," and defending corporate interests-was also surprisingly progressive. She shows how it encouraged companies to adopt innovations such as safety standards, workers' comp, and affirmative action, and worked with the US government and international organizations to promote the free exchange of goods and services across national borders. While NAM's modernizing and globalizing activities helped to make American industry the most profitable and productive in the world by midcentury, they also eventually led to deindustrialization, plant closings, and the decline of manufacturing jobs. Taking readers from the Progressive Era and the New Deal to the Reagan Revolution and the Trump presidency, The Industrialists is the story of a powerful organization that fought US manufacturing's political battles, created its economic infrastructure, and expanded its global markets-only to contribute to the widespread collapse of US manufacturing by the close of the twentieth century.

In the last two decades, innovation, data analysis and technology have driven a tectonic shift in the sports business. Game of Edges is the story of how sports franchises evolved, on and off the field, from raggedly run small businesses into some of the most systematically productive companies around. In today’s game, everyone from the owners to the marketing staff are using information—data—to give their team an edge. For analysts, an edge is their currency. Figuring out that bunting hurts your offence? That’s an edge. So is discovering metrics that can predict the career arc of your free agent shooting guard. Or combing through a decade of ticket-buying data to target persuadable fans. These small, incremental steps move a sports franchise from merely ordinary to the leading edge. Franchises today are more than just sports; they integrate a whole suite of other businesses—television and digital content, gambling and real estate, fashion and clothing, entertainment, catering and concessions and much more. But an optimised franchise has no room for error. Teams must do what the numbers say, reducing the element of chance, limiting those random moments of athletic heroism that make sports thrilling to watch. Optimisation also means the franchise’s main goal isn’t championships anymore; it’s keeping you, the viewer, engaged with the product. Drawing on extensive interviews with franchise owners, managers, executives and players, Bruce Schoenfeld introduces dynamic leaders who are radically reimagining the operations of these decades-old teams—and producing mind-boggling valuations. He joins the architects of the Golden State Warriors dynasty for an exclusive reception before tip-off. He stands among the faithful at Anfield, watching Liverpool’s analytics guru size up a prized midfielder. And he watches the president of the Chicago Cubs break ground on a new DraftKings gambling parlour at Wrigley Field, not ten miles from the site of the original Black Sox betting scandal. Essential reading for anyone interested in sports, business or technology Game of Edges explores a world where winning the game is only the beginning.

Im Jahr 2016 hat der BGH der versicherungsnehmenden Gesellschaft einer D&O-Versicherung infolge einer Abtretung des Freistellungsanspruchs durch versicherte Organmitglieder einen Direktanspruch gegen den Versicherer auf Grundlage von 108 Abs. 2 VVG zugesprochen. Ausgehend davon untersucht die Autorin Direktanspruche der Aktiengesellschaft in den Konstellationen der Insolvenz, Zwangsvollstreckung und Abtretung. Sie kommt unter Betrachtung der Rechtsnatur der D&O-Versicherung als Haftpflichtversicherung fur fremde Rechnung und Anerkennung der Gesellschaft als Dritter im Sinne der 100 ff. VVG zu dem Schluss, dass ihr in Innenhaftungsfallen in den drei Konstellationen ein deckungsrechtlicher Zahlungsanspruch gegen den Versicherer zustehen kann, nicht hingegen ein vertraglicher Anspruch.

First published in 1981, this edited collection reviews the operations of state-owned enterprises, examining the actual performance of such organisations in the advanced industrialised countries. The authors consider the regularities and characteristics of state-owned enterprises, in particular the persistent efforts of managers to increase their autonomy and escape from the oversight of government agencies and the public. Chapters consider principles of finance and decision-making in these organisations and provide a truly international perspective with case studies in Italy, France and Britain. This is a timely reissue in context of the current economic climate, which will be of great value to students and academics with an interest in the nationalisation of companies, international business and the relationship between governments and managers.

The 2008 financial collapse, the expansion of corporate and private wealth, the influence of money in politics-many of Wall Street's contemporary trends can be traced back to the work of fourteen critical figures who wrote, and occasionally broke, the rules of American finance. Edward Morris plots in absorbing detail Wall Street's transformation from a clubby enclave of financiers to a symbol of vast economic power. His book begins with J. Pierpont Morgan, who ruled the American banking system at the turn of the twentieth century, and ends with Sandy Weill, whose collapsing Citigroup required the largest taxpayer bailout in history. In between, Wall Streeters relates the triumphs and missteps of twelve other financial visionaries. From Charles Merrill, who founded Merrill Lynch and introduced the small investor to the American stock market; to Michael Milken, the so-called junk bond king; to Jack Bogle, whose index funds redefined the mutual fund business; to Myron Scholes, who laid the groundwork for derivative securities; and to Benjamin Graham, who wrote the book on securities analysis. Anyone interested in the modern institution of American finance will devour this history of some of its most important players.

Das Schriftformgebot des 550 BGB war seit jeher ein Schlupfloch fur die Vertragsreue. Sowohl Mieter wie auch Vermieter befurchten in der Praxis regelmassig die Entfristung ihrer langfristigen Mietvertrage. Nachdem der Bundesgerichtshof die Schriftformheilungsklausel 2017 fur unwirksam erklart hat, herrscht Ratlosigkeit, wie dem Missbrauch des Formgebots in Zukunft begegnet werden kann. Dies ist der Anlass, aus dem sich die Autorin mit der Wirksamkeit der Schriftformheilungsklausel und vor allem den Konsequenzen ihrer Ungultigkeit beschaftigt. Sie untersucht, ob und wie der Formzwang durchbrochen werden kann und gibt in diesem Zusammenhang eine Gestaltungsempfehlung ab. De lege lata sieht die Autorin die einzige effektive Moeglichkeit in der Vereinbarung einer konkreten Schriftformheilungsklausel. De lege ferenda empfiehlt sie die UEberarbeitung des Gesetzes und postuliert insofern einen eigenen Reformvorschlag.

Es ist branchenubergreifend ein zunehmendes Streben nach Agilitat erkennbar. Agile Arbeitsweisen loesen sich von klassischen Hierarchien und setzen auf Kooperation und Kommunikation. Zahlreiche Softwareentwickler wenden sich mittlerweile von einer Programmierung nach dem sogenannten Wasserfallmodell ab und entscheiden sich fur eine agile Programmierung. Rechtlich wirft eine agile Programmierung jedoch zahlreiche Fragen auf. Rechtsdogmatische Unklarheiten und fehlende Rechtsprechung wirken sich unmittelbar auf die Vertragsgestaltung der Unternehmer aus. Der Autor greift die praktisch relevanten und besonders klarungsbedurftigen Problemstellungen einer agilen Programmierung (insbesondere durch den Einsatz von SCRUM) auf und zieht Parallelen zum privaten Baurecht und den dort ausgearbeiteten Loesungsansatzen.

Since its origins in the 1920s as a refrigerator factory in Qingdao supplying the Chinese market, Haier has risen to become a major multinational company, overtaking the likes of Whirlpool and LG, to become the world's leading manufacturer of household appliances today, with revenues of $30 billion. How did Haier achieve this amazing feat? This book examines Haier's organizational transformation, which can be traced back to 1984 when Zhang Ruimin (Haier's current CEO) joined the company, and which became the essence of Haier's sustained competitive advantage. In particular, it looks at the "RDHY Win-Win Model of Employee-Customer Integration", the latest management practice in Haier, which has had a profound effect on the company's performance, and which has captured the attention of academics and managers around the world.

The book is about the history of Natuzzi, Italy's largest furniture house. Founded back in 1959 by Pasquale Natuzzi - current Chairman and Chief Executive Officer - in a small village in the South of Italy, Natuzzi is today among the largest players in its sector, with seven manufacturing plants, twelve commercial offices and more than 1200 points of sale worldwide. This book tracks the history of the company, using stories and anecdotes collected through interviews and reading the house organ magazine and the press releases since 1990. The beauty of the company's history lies in putting its social ethical mission at its heart since the beginning while still adopting industrial techniques.

First appearing in 1972, National Express coaches have become a familiar site on the UK's roads, and are very much a part of popular culture, celebrated in songs and on television. With many former National Express vehicles finding their way to preservation, this book explores the history of this very British brand and celebrates the history and heritage of a British institution. The book covers the operations of the business, the evolution of the National Express brand and the development of the fleet up to the latest Caetano Levante, a vehicle designed to meet the operator's very specific requirements for accessibility. Featuring driver stories and passenger memories, together with detailed images, photographs and designs, this book celebrates 50 years of coaching history.

Founded in 1987 by a former engineer in China's People's Liberation Army (Ren Zhengfei), Huawei Technologies is today the world's largest telecoms equipment manufacturer and second behind Apple in smartphones. Its emergence into a multinational with over 175,000 employees all around the world is nothing short of extraordinary. This book gets to the heart of the pioneers within Huawei - the individuals who blazed a trail through unexplored and undeveloped territories, that enabled Huawei to expand globally in such impressive terms. Their personal stories tell us about the extraordinary commitment, determination, and ability required for companies to establish new ground in some of the most difficult parts of the world. This unconventional form of heroism remains a central part of Huawei's culture and makes it stand out in today's business world.