This special volume contains papers that are partly based on contributions to the symposium "Minesite Recultivation" wh ich was held at the Brandenburg Technical University in Cottbus, FRG in lune 1994. Ouring this symposium, various aspects of research into the recultivation of open-cast minesites were discussed. As a prime example, the symposium focussed on the recultivation (reclamation) of post-mining landscapes in the Lusatian lignite mining district of the former German 2 Oemocratic Republic (GOR). In this area, about 700 km have been devastated by open- cast mining during the last 70 years. Therefore, the research into recultivation has a long tradition in Lusatia, going back to the 1930's. Oue [0 the scientific isolation of the former GOR, most of the research results were not available to an international audience until now. This situation holds also true for other eastern countries. Hence, this special volume is a first step to fill this gap. The papers by Pietsch, Heinsdorf, and Katzur and Haubold-Rosar detail the Lusatian lignite mining district presenting an overview of recultivation research results and practical experiences related to the establishment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region after mining. In particular, the amelioration and reforestation of extremely acid, sulfurous mine soils, the fertilization of forest stands under different mine site conditions and the site-specific recolonization and re vegetation strategies are described.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in river, coastal and estuarine morphodynamics through a collection of review papers written by well-recognized experts in the field. Apart from geoscientists, it is also of special interest to people involved in fluid mechanics who want to understand near wall turbulence and the effects of coherent structures on the mechanisms of sediment transports. Though aimed at geomorphologists and sedimentologists, the terminology employed in the book makes it generally accessible to engineers, physicists and applied mathematicians at the postgraduate level. The contributions are well-illustrated with splendid pictures of various morphodynamic natural patterns.

'Analysis and Design of Marine Structures' explores recent developments in methods and modelling procedures for structural assessment of marine structures:

- Methods and tools for establishing loads and load effects;

- Methods and tools for strength assessment;

- Materials and fabrication of structures;

- Methods and tools for structural design and optimisation;

- Structural reliability, safety and environment protection.

The book is a valuable reference source for academics, engineers and professionals involved in marine structures and design of ship and offshore structures.

'This book bridges disciplines, previously confined to specialist journal publications, by providing a comprehensive overview of the systems analysis application to water resources. It is ideal for Masters-level courses in Water Resources Engineering where modern management techniques of optimization and modelling are highly important in the strategic management of a vital resource.' - Derek Clarke, University of Southampton, UK 'The great novelty of this book is that it presents in detail how fuzzy-set theory can be used in water resource system management. The author was one of the pioneers who opened up this new field and is considered to be one of the greatest experts in it.' - Rodolfo Soncini Sessa, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Water resources management is increasingly interdisciplinary and must take into account complex socioeconomic factors and environmental variables. This book describes the 'systems approach' and its application to contemporary water resources management, focusing on three main sets of tools: simulation, optimization and multi-objective analysis. This approach is presented within the context of sustainable planning and development under conditions of uncertainty. Managing Water Resources: Methods and Tools for a Systems Approach introduces system dynamic simulation as a tool for integrated modelling and contains coverage of the use of fuzzy sets for incorporating objective and subjective uncertainties. The book combines theory with many practical examples, as well as including programs and exercises on downloadable resources. It comprises both an advanced text for students of water resources and civil or environmental engineering and a practical guide for professionals. Published jointly with UNESCO and International Hydrological Programme

Vibration of Hydraulic Machinery deals with the vibration problem which has significant influence on the safety and reliable operation of hydraulic machinery. It provides new achievements and the latest developments in these areas, even in the basic areas of this subject. The present book covers the fundamentals of mechanical vibration and rotordynamics as well as their main numerical models and analysis methods for the vibration prediction. The mechanical and hydraulic excitations to the vibration are analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by the unsteady turbulent flow is predicted in order to obtain the unsteady loads. This book also discusses the loads, constraint conditions and the elastic and damping characters of the mechanical system, the structure dynamic analysis, the rotor dynamic analysis and the system instability of hydraulic machines, including the illustration of monitoring system for the instability and the vibration in hydraulic units. All the problems are necessary for vibration prediction of hydraulic machinery.

Water resources stored by dams and reservoirs play an essential role in water resource management, hydropower and flood control. Where there is an extensive network of dam infrastructures, dams have made a major contribution to economic and social development, providing considerable storage capacity per capita. However, dams and reservoirs may also have an important social and environmental impact, and should be studied within the framework of integrated water resource management and sustainable development. Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century presents the latest research on the role played by dams and reservoirs in 21st century societies, in developed, emergent and developing countries. It analyses the viability of dams and suggests alternative solutions from a holistic perspective, considering the technical, economic, social and environmental aspects. Other issues covered include the social acceptability of dams, public involvement and dam awareness. The book covers subjects ranging from dam engineering, through the benefits and drawbacks of dams, to their social and environmental impact, and contains numerous case studies of the constructive contributions that reservoirs have made to water development and management. The book is a valuable resource for professional and dam engineers, water managers, governmental organizations and commercial enterprises responsible for dam development and management.

SUBTECH '93 features subjects as varied as contracting strategies through to hearing loss in divers. The latest developments in underwater intervention technology include presentation on remotely operated vehicles, manned submersible operations and a record-breaking simulated deep dive. Medical and physical areas of diving operations are addressed, together with operational and safety aspects. This, the sixth in the series of the jointly organised events by AODC/SUT, brings topicality, safety and economic issues to the forefront.

Internal erosion and piping in embankments and their foundations is the main cause of failures and accidents to embankment dams. For new dams, the potential for internal erosion and piping can be controlled by good design and construction of the core of the dam and provision of filters to intercept seepage through the embankment and the foundations. Internal Erosion of Dams and their Foundations brings together a selection of the best reviewed papers from the Workshop on Internal Erosion and Piping of Dams and their Foundations, held in the spring of 2005 in Aussois, France. The book covers the whole internal erosion process, from initiation of erosion, continuation, progression to form a pipe, and formation of a breach. An overview chapter based on the Workshop describes the state of the art in the field and identifies research needs. This resource will be most valuable to dam engineers, researchers and students who are involved in assessing the safety of embankment dams with regard to internal erosion and piping.

The politics of building dams and levees and other structures are just part of the policies determining how American rivers are managed or mismanaged. America's well-being depends upon the health of those rivers and important decisions go beyond just dam-building or dam removal. American rivers are suffering from poor water quality, altered flows, and diminished natural habitat. Current efforts by policymakers to change the ways American rivers are managed range from the removal of dams to the simulation of seasonal flows to the restoration of habitat, all with varying degrees of success.

Efforts to restore American rivers are clearly delineated by William Lowry in "Dam Politics" as he looks at how public policy and rivers interact, examines the physical differences in rivers that affect policies, and analyzes the political differences among the groups that use them. He argues that we are indeed moving into an era of restoration (defined in part as removing dams but also as restoring the water quality, seasonal flows, and natural habitat that existed before structural changes to the rivers), and seeks to understand the political circumstances that affect the degree of restoration.

Lowry presents case studies of eight river restoration efforts, including dam removals on the Neuse and Kennebec rivers, simulation of seasonal flows on the Colorado river, and the failed attempt to restore salmon runs on the Snake river. He develops a typology of four different kinds of possible change -- dependent on the parties involved and the physical complexity of the river -- and then examines the cases using natural historical material along with dozens of interviews with key policymakers. Policy approaches such as conjunctive water management, adaptive management, alternative licensing processes, and water marketing are presented as possible ways of using our rivers more wisely.

"Dam Politics" provides a useful and systematic account of how American waterways are managed and how current policies are changing. American rivers are literally the lifeblood of our nation. Lowry has written a lively and accessible book that makes it clear as a mountain stream that it matters deeply how those rivers are managed.

Floods are among the most common and devasting natural disasters. In the wake of such an event, the pressure to initiate flood protection schemes that will provide security is enormous, and politicians promise quick solutions in the national interest. Jeroen Warner examines a number of such projects from around the world, including the Middle East, South Asia and Western Europe, aimed at the prevention of serious flooding. Each provoked a level of controversy unforeseen by its initiators, with the result that schemes were shelved, were not completed, or simply failed. The author shows how such projects inevitably become politicised as different stakeholders seek to promote their interests. This book is the first detailed account of the politics and decision-making surrounding flood planning and of the lessons to be learned.

Floods are natural events, but when they impact on human environments, they turn into disasters which disrupt society. The last decades have seen an alarming increase in the number of major floods and associated damage on every continent. The impact is more severe due to population growth and settlement in flood prone areas, climate change and disrupted hydrological cycles. There is now an urgency regarding the exchange of information on developments and experiences in research, policy and management. The 3rd International Symposium on Flood Defence presented new developments in Sciences (hydrology, ecology, flood modelling and forecasting, information management and GIS-based decision support systems); Frameworks (institutional and organisational, basin-wide flood management); Policy-making and implementation (government strategies and approaches, public awareness and participation, new concepts such as risk management in relation to climate change); and Measures and solutions (structural and non-structural measures, spatial planning). Case studies illustrate specific experiences and practices in flood control situations, for example, flooding in urban areas. These Symposium Proceedings include about 165 selected papers, presentations, keynotes and theme reports as presented during the ISFD3. As a whole this publication reflects a worldwide change in strategy: from flood defence towards flood management. Floods, from Defence to Management is of special interest to researchers, scientists, consultants, managers, donor agencies and government bodies involved in policy making and flood management.

The problem with the way the safety industry functions is three-fold: (1) the dysfunctional relationship between business and safety leaders, (2) the practice of Results-Based Safety, and (3) the creation of a false reality. This book presents an insightful and practical approach to how you can move your safety program from Results-Based to Behavior-Based Safety. The move involves understanding what motivates behavior, utilization of consequences, practicing the seven steps of performance coaching, creating accurate safety campaigns, and defining evidence of a healthy Behavior-Based Safety program-this is the other side of safety.. The text: Defines the four major motivations, explains how they work, and how safety leaders can use the right motivation for the right person to help them practice safe behavior Explains how to maximize the impact of reinforcement consequences and minimize punitive consequences in a way that is alingned with an individual's motivation Implements the seven steps of performance coaching conversations, how safety and business leaders can model fluency and frequency to shape behavior to habit strength Provides clearly defined evidence of a healthy Behavior-Based safety program by measuring outcome like locus of control, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-actualization Highlights the distinction between Results-Based Safety (RBS) anecdotal practices from the science of Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) methodology Showcases how the distinct difference between a mechanistic and organic culture, and how the four phenomena can be utilized to drive safety culture on purpose Discusses the importance of expanding from lagging indicators to leading indicators for robust metrics and predictability Addresses how the significant negative impact of "telling people what to do" and re-focuses on coaching people on "what to think" The book provides definitions, examples, and applications that focus on how safety and business leaders can influence the behavior of people, impact their culture, and support healthy relationships. It will serve as an ideal text for students, professionals, and researchers in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, human-computer interaction, industrial-organizational psychology, and computer engineering.

A hydroinformatics system represents an electronic knowledge encapsulator that models part of the real world and can be used for the simulation and analysis of physical, chemical and biological processes in water systems, in order to achieve a better management of the aquatic environment. Thus, modelling is at the heart of hydroinformatics. The theory of nonlinear dynamics and chaos, and the extent to which recent improvements in the understanding of inherently nonlinear natural processes present challenges to the use of mathematical models in the analysis of water and environmental systems, are elaborated in this work. In particular, it demonstrates that the deterministic chaos present in many nonlinear systems can impose fundamental limitations on our ability to predict behaviour, even when well-defined mathematical models exist. On the other hand, methodologies and tools from the theory of nonlinear dynamics and chaos can provide means for a better accuracy of short-term predictions as demonstrated through the practical applications in this work.

Like all natural hazards, flooding is a complex and inherently uncertain phenomenon. Despite advances in developing flood forecasting models and techniques, the uncertainty in forecasts remains unavoidable. This uncertainty needs to be acknowledged, and uncertainty estimation in flood forecasting provides a rational basis for risk-based criteria. This book presents the development and applications of various methods based on probablity and fuzzy set theories for modelling uncertainty in flood forecasting systems. In particular, it presents a methodology for uncertainty assessment using disaggregation of time series inputs in the framework of both the Monte Carlo method and the Fuzzy Extention Principle. It reports an improvement in the First Order Second Moment method, using second degree reconstruction, and derives qualitative scales for the interpretation of qualitative uncertainty. Application is to flood forecasting models for the Klodzko catchment in POland and the Loire River in France. Prospects for the hybrid techniques of uncertainty modelling and probability-possibility transformations are also explored and reported.

The complementary nature of physically-based and data-driven models in their demand for physical insight and historical data, leads to the notion that the predictions of a physically-based model can be improved and the associated uncertainty can be systematically reduced through the conjunctive use of a data-driven model of the residuals. The objective of this thesis is to minimise the inevitable mismatch between physically-based models and the actual processes as described by the mismatch between predictions and observations. Principles based on information theory are used to detect the presence and nature of residual information in model errors that might help to develop a data-driven model of the residuals by treating the gap between the process and its (physically-based) model as a separate process. The complementary modelling approach is applied to various hydrodynamic and hydrological models to forecast the expected errors and accuracy, using neural network and fuzzy rule-based models. Complementary modelling offers the opportunity of incorporating processes and data that are not considered by the model, without affecting the routine operation of physically-based models. The possibility that information may be obtained which will help to improve the physically-based model is also demonstrated.

This book comprises the papers of the International Conference on Hydraulics of Dams and Rivers Structures, held in Tehran, 26-28 April 2004. The topics covered include air-water flows, intakes and outlets, hydrodynamic forces, energy dissipators, stepped spillways, scouring and sedimentation around structures, numerical approaches in river hydrodynamics, river response to hydraulic structures and hydroinformatic applications. This proceedings provides professionals and researchers with news of interdisciplinary research findings, considering future development of the sector in its many and various applications.

This book is a collection of extended papers based on presentations given during the SIMHYDRO 2014 conference, held in Sophia Antipolis in June 2014. It focuses on the modeling and simulation of fast hydraulic transients, on 3D modeling, and on uncertainties and multiphase flows. The book explores both the limitations and performance of current models and presents the latest developments based on new numerical schemes, high-performance computing, multiphysics and multiscale methods, and better interaction with field or scale model data. It addresses the interests of practitioners, stakeholders, researchers and engineers active in this field.

Introduction to Bed, Bank and Shore Protection provides students and professional engineers with the understanding and guidance to prevent the erosion of movable beds, banks and shorelines. In a world of rising sea levels and extreme weather conditions, these skills are increasingly important to the engineer as well as the wider community. The book starts with the underlying scientific principles behind hydraulics and soil mechanics and applies them to common practical situations for the protection of coastal and river beds, banks and shores. Based on the author's twenty years of experience, this blend of theory and practice provides the reader with useful knowledge that can be applied to a wide range of situations for the protection of the environment.

Computational hydraulics and hydrologic modeling are rapidly developing fields with a wide range of applications in areas ranging from wastewater disposal and stormwater management to civil and environmental engineering. The fields are full of promise, but while an abundance of literature now exists, it contains a plethora of new terms that are not always defined.

Computational Hydraulics and Hydrology: An Illustrated Dictionary defines more that 4000 basic terms and phrases related to water conveyance with emphasis on computational hydraulics and hydrologic modeling. Compiled by Nicolas G. Adrien, a noted consulting engineer with three decades of experience, this dictionary includes detailed references to actual modeling studies, nearly 100 illustrations, 150 equations and formulas, and many notations. It also includes a chapter of application examples and another containing more than 6000 other related terms with a list of resources where interested readers can find further definitions.

Other dictionaries and glossaries related to these areas tend to be either dated or much narrower in scope. This dictionary offers broad, practice-based coverage of terms culled directly from the latest texts, references, and actual engineering reports. Computational Hydraulics and Hydrology: An Illustrated Dictionary stands alone in providing ready access to the vocabulary of these subjects.

A book of broad interest to professionals, dam engineers and managers, and to organizations responsible for dam development and management, RCC Dams offers a topical account of the design and operation of roller compacted concrete dams, describing the latest developments and innovative technologies in the field. The book considers planning and design, materials and construction, as well as the operation and performance of RCC dams.

During the life of a dam, changes in safety standards, legislation and land use will inevitably occur, and functional deterioration may also appear. To meet these challenges, these Proceedings from a panel of international experts assess, define and re-evaluate the design criteria for the construction of dams and the many attendant issues in on-going maintenance and management. Authors include international specialists: academics, professionals and those in local government, utilities and suppliers. Practitioners from these same fields will find the book a useful tool in acquiring a comprehensive knowledge of managing and retrofitting dams, so that they can continue to meet society's needs.

The Proceedings of the Symposium at World Water Day, 2001 presents a discussion of dams and dikes. Various speakers considered the benefits and drawbacks of dams, and there was discussion about why it is that people are against dams in specific situations, and how such situations may be resolved. Solutions are suggested to such controversies. These proceedings contain the full text of the presentations. They will be a useful resource for decision-makers and planners of future projects. This work highlights the international nature of these important hydraulic engineering strucures and both their technology and social implications.

The book describes in twelve chapters the modern tools available for the detection and prevention of leaks from dams and reservoirs, including water chemistry, isotope analyses, artificial tracers, permeability tests, geophysical methods and techniques for the localization of water flows both inside the reservoir and boreholes. Numerous case studies are presented corresponding to studies of more than thirty dams performed by researchers in eighteen different countries.

Latest essential information on reservoirsafetyfrom the heart of the water management profession. The new title from Thomas Telford contains the proceedings from the 15th Conference of the British Dam Society. Ensuring Reservoir Safety into the Future discusses key topics and correct events including the state of the UK reservoir management and legislation, and reservoir safety following sever weather in recent years. This book will provide invaluable information on best practice.

This text covers topics such as sinkhole formation and regional studies of sinkholes and karst. Issues addressed are taken from the 8th multidiscilinary conference on this subject and chart the characteristics of sinkholes and karst as well as their environmental repercussions.