This book provides an original analysis of the problems of ensuring that oil ports are sustainable in the broadest sense of the concept including environmental, social, technical and resource aspects. Taking China as its frame for analysis, chosen because of the authors' expertise and because it is the largest oil import country in the world, much of it by ship, it presents a detailed investigation of the issues that make up a sustainable port profile, using a variety of established statistical and operational techniques These are examined before an holistic model is derived. Recommendations are provided for future application both in China and elsewhere and also a range of ways suggested for how the framework could be adapted to other types of ports and locations.

Dam decommissioning or dam removal has been increasingly common since the past decade. The reason for considering dam removal may have to do with the safety of dams, high repair costs, high operating and maintenance costs, or effects on fish passage and water quality. However, the decision to remove a dam must be based on careful evaluation of the alternatives to address the specific problem at each dam. The ICOLD Committee for decommissioning dams was established in 2005 to develop information that can be used by ICOLD members to respond to questions about the dismantling of dams and to provide a forum for the exchange of information . This ICOLD Bulletin is not intended as a design guide, but as a guide to the decision making process, consultation and regulatory approvals, design and construction issues, sediment management and performance monitoring. The primary aim of these Dam decommissioning guidelines is to provide dam owners, dam engineers and other professionals with the information needed to guide decision making when considering dam dismantling as a project alternative. They are not meant to be used as a design guide, but as a guide to highlighting the points of interest. The guidelines in this ICOLD Bulletin apply only to flood defense structures and not to fall dams.

Primarily written as course material on flood control and drainage engineering for advanced students of civil engineering, this third edition is thoroughly revised. It accommodates recent developments in remote sensing, information technology and GIS technology. New additional material deals with problems of flood forecasting, flood plain prioritization and flood hazard zoning, and engineering measures for flood control. Drainage improvement is tackled, with particular regard to salinity and coastal aquifer management from the ingress of sea water. The book includes design problem-solving and case studies, making it practical and applications-oriented. The subject matter will be of considerable interest to civil engineers, agricultural engineers, architects and town planners, as well as other government and non-government organizations

Dams are part of human achievements that induce great benefits for society but also bear a potential risk to people, property and the natural environment. The risk of a dam rupture is extremely low and diffi cult to quantify accurately. The aim of 'Dam surveillance' (ICOLD Bulletin 158), is to help reduce these risks by early detection of an undesirable event. The objective of dam surveillance is to make a precise and timely diagnosis of the behavior of dams, in order to prevent undesirable consequences. Both the monitoring system and surveillance program has to be designed and should be able to detect any abnormal behaviour. 'Dam surveillance' (ICOLD Bulletin 158), emphasizes the following aspects: * Routine visual inspection * Special inspection * Checking and testing of Hydro-electromechanical equipment * Monitoring parameters and devices * Automation * Maintenance of ageing monitoring systems * Re-instrumentation of existing dams * Recent developments * Data management * Dam documentation management * Assessment of dam condition and behaviour * Assessment of routine dam safety monitoring programme * Prioritization of maintenance, remedial and upgrading works.

Effective coastal engineering is expensive, but it is not as costly as neglect or ineffective intervention. Good practice needs to be based on sound principles, but theoretical work and modelling also need to be well grounded in practice, which is continuously evolving. Conceptual and detailed design has been advanced by new industry publications since the publication of the second edition. This third edition provides a number of updates: the sections on wave overtopping have been updated to reflect changes brought in with the recently issued EurOtop II manual; a detailed worked example is given of the calculation of extreme wave conditions for design; additional examples have been included on the reliability of structures and probabilistic design; the method for tidal analysis and calculation of amplitudes and phases of harmonic constituents from water level time series has been introduced in a new appendix together with a worked example of harmonic analysis; and a real-life example is included of a design adapting to climate change. This book is especially useful as an information source for undergraduates and engineering MSc students specializing in coastal engineering and management. Readers require a good grounding in basic fluid mechanics or engineering hydraulics, and some familiarity with elementary statistical concepts.

This handbook represents a collection of previously published technical journal articles of the highest caliber originating from the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The collection will help promote and affirm the leading-edge technical publications that have emanated from AFIT, for the first time presented as a cohesive collection. In its over 100 years of existence, AFIT has produced the best technical minds for national defense and has contributed to the advancement of science and technology through technology transfer throughout the nation. This handbook fills the need to share the outputs of AFIT that can guide further advancement of technical areas that include cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain, machine learning, additive manufacturing, 5G technology, navigational tools, advanced materials, energy efficiency, predictive maintenance, the internet of things, data analytics, systems of systems, modeling & simulation, aerospace product development, virtual reality, resource optimization, and operations management. There is a limitless vector to how AFIT's technical contributions can impact the society. Handbook of Scholarly Publications from the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), Volume 1, 2000-2020, is a great reference for students, teachers, researchers, consultants, and practitioners in broad spheres of engineering, business, industry, academia, the military, and government.

Covers a variety materials, including hard materials, soft materials, metals, and composites Describes nanotechnology approaches, modern piezoelectric techniques, and physical and mechanical studies of the structure-sensitive properties of the materials Reviews advanced manufacturing for antenna applications and embroidered RFID tags for wearable applications Considers additive manufacturing of cellular solids and metal additive manufacturing Discusses advanced materials for sound absorption

The management of flood risk seems to be facing a daunting paradox. Despite increasingly effective risk knowledge tools and the efforts of international institutions to place risk reduction at the top of the agenda, the cost of disasters continues to increase. It is also increasingly difficult to avoid the urbanization or development of potential flood zones. The fundamental issue involves determining the conditions necessary for efficient prevention by focusing on adaptability to risk, which implies coping with the risk of flooding rather than directly fighting against it or simply ignoring it. This second volume of the Floods series of books explores existing policies and tools which mitigate the impact of flooding: the construction of protective structures, the reduction of vulnerability, land use planning, the improvement of crisis management, etc. The closing chapters focus on the question of adaptation through post-flood reconstruction, integrating disaster risk reduction measures, e.g. through resilient urbanism.

In the past thirty years, knowledge on flooding has greatly increased by moving away from purely hydrological and hydraulic science and opening up to other disciplines such as economics or human and geographical sciences. It is as part of this multidisciplinary approach that this book proposes a review of current knowledge on flood risk. It starts with the ever-increasing impact of flooding in order to conceptualize and understand the constituents of risk. Although risk knowledge in modeling methods or naturalist approaches remains essential, it is further developed by the fields of economics, human sciences, geography, environmental psychology and history. This integrated approach to flood risk contextualizes current conclusions on the eventual effects of climate change by showing that human factors are of paramount importance in understanding the process of "risk production".

Surface engineering is considered an important aspect in the reduction of friction and wear. This reference text discusses a wide range of surface engineering technologies along with applications in a comprehensive manner. The book describes various methods in surface engineering technology with a thorough explanation of various aspects of each process that comes under this domain. Apart from an enhanced explanation of the process and its attributes, this book also gives insight into the types of materials, applications, and optimization of surface engineering techniques. It discusses important topics including surface engineering of the functionality of graded materials, materials characterization, processing of biomaterials, design, surface modification technologies and process control, smart manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning applications. The book: discusses computational and simulation analyses for better selection of process parameters covers optimizations of processes with state-of-the-art technologies discusses applications of surface engineering in medical, agricultural, architecture engineering, and allied sectors covers processing techniques of biomaterials in surface engineering The text is useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers working in diverse areas such as industrial and production engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, and manufacturing science. It covers a hybrid process for surface modification, modeling techniques, and issues in surface engineering.

Worldwide, urbanization has already reached unprecedented levels in the estuarine and coastal zone. This is particularly the case in the Asia Pacific region where mega-cities and mega-harbours have developed and are still growing. As a result environmental degradation is significant and growing. This book details how science can provide solutions so that economic and social developments can be ecologically sustainable. This book demonstrates the different solutions and pitfalls, successes and failures in a large number of ports and harbours in the Asia Pacific Region, and this will be based on science and aimed at management. Twelve sites are discussed in detail, integrating physics and biology. These are Tokyo Bay, the Pearl Estuary, Hong Kong, Shanghai and the Yangtze delta, Klang, Manila Bay, Jakarta Bay, Pearl Harbour, Ho Chi Minh City and the new harbour on the Thi Vai River, Bangkok and coastal waters of the upper Gulf of Thailand, Singapore and Darwin.

Applies the principles of ergonomics in different facets of communication design such as pictograms, icons and logo design, product labelling, information system in space and visual ergonomics in simple map design. Chapter end with "key points", practice sections and exercises designed to help the reader to revise what they have learnt. Every concept is illustrated with examples from real life. No technical background or prior knowledge of ergonomics needed to understand this book. Anyone (even those from arts and humanities back ground) can read and understand this book with ease and apply them in real life.

Advances in Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development focuses on cutting-edge research areas including renewable energy and sustainable development. As a leader in the global megatrend of science and technology innovation, China has been creating an increasingly open environment for science and technology innovation, increasing the depth and breadth of academic cooperation, and building an innovation community that benefits all people. These efforts make a new contribution to globalization and the building of a community for a shared future. The proceedings feature the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development. Subjects in the proceedings include: Hydraulic Engineering Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering Energy Engineering and Energy Technologies Green Manufacturing Energy Policy and Economics Energy Security and Clean Use Geothermal Energy

This book presents decision support tools that can be used in the early design stage to analyze the feasibility of a product and its components for remanufacturing. It also covers how to design a product specifically for remanufacturing and offers supporting case studies. This is a comprehensive solutions guide for remanufacturing decision-making. The book illustrates an approach that can be used at the product End-of-Life (EOL) stage to generate optimized recovery plans for the returned products. Opportunities for Industry 4.0 to support remanufacturing along with case studies are included to showcase the decision-making tools. Remanufacturing and Remanufacturability Assessment for the Circular Economy: A Solutions Guide will be of interest to practitioners, business professionals, and researchers that work in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Those involved with supply chain management and advanced technologies associated with Industry 4.0, sustainability, and integrated techniques of circular supply chains will also find this book very useful.

The story of the Mulberry harbours must rank among the most remarkable to emerge from the Second World War. In terms of engineering achievement, it is surely one of the greatest of all time.Allied planners correctly anticipated that the Germans would deny, either by destruction or dogged defence, the vital Channel ports in the aftermath of D-Day. If the invading armies could not be kept resupplied, OVERLORD would fail. The only solution was to design, build, transport and install two massive artificial harbours.How this highly ambitious plan was implemented is told with clarity and authority in this superb book. The text, admirably free of unnecessary technical jargon, is well supported with photographs, diagrams and tables, which demonstrate vividly the scale of this great venture. The irony is that the real enemy turned out not to be the Germans but the elements. Code Name Mulberry is a first class account of all aspects of this extraordinary chapter in the history of the Second World War.

This two-volume handbook set introduces the state-of-the-art development in research and applications related to usability and user-experience. Volume one includes methods and techniques and volume two covers research and case Studies. This handbook set is essential for everyone that is interested in understanding how the principles of usability and user-experience can contribute to a design that ensures that the needs of the users have been properly met. The books will cover several areas, such as the conceptual aspects of usability and user-experience, the knowledge of human characteristics in design, the methodological aspects; the books will include intervention, examples of consumer products, digital systems, and augmented and virtual realities. This set will be of interest to those working in the fields of ergonomics, designers, engineers, as well as students and practitioners.

Applied Mathematics in Hydraulic Engineering is an excellent teaching guide and reference to treating nonlinear mathematical problems in hydraulic, hydrologic and coastal engineering. Undergraduates studying civil and coastal engineering, as well as analysis and differential equations, are started off applying calculus to the treatment of nonlinear partial differential equations, before given the chance to practice real-life problems related to the fields. This textbook is not only a good source of teaching materials for teachers or instructors, but is also useful as a comprehensive resource of mathematical tools to researchers.

Modern Irrigation Technologies reviews the experience of small holders with irrigation technologies under a range of diverse conditions in many different countries. Some people argue that modern irrigation technologies are the key to increased food production. However, projects introducing modern irrigation technologies in the developing world have often failed because the irrigation hardware, which has been developed for high-technology commercial agriculture, cannot be easily adapted for the use of the smallholder. The author identifies the pre-conditions relating to water availability, institutional support and economic opportunity that must be satisfied before small holders in developing countries can adopt irrigation methods and benefit from them. The circumstances in which modern technologies have been introduced are identified, and the relative success or otherwise of the initiatives are summarized. The book also contains a practical review of the range of irrigation hardware that is available and indicates the types of equipment that are more likely to meet the requirements of the smallholder sector. Modern Irrigation Technologies will be an invaluable guide to project workers, planners and small holders involved in planning and designing irrigation projects.

This book assesses and illustrates innovative and practical world-wide measures for combating sea level rise from the profession of landscape architecture. The work explores how the appropriate mixture of integrated, multi-scalar flood protection mechanisms can reduce risks associated with flood events including sea level rise. Because sea level rise is a global issue, illustrative case studies performed from the United States, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Japan, China, and the Netherlands identify the structural (engineered), non-structural (nature-based), and hybrid mechanisms (mixed) used to combat sea level rise and increase flood resilience. The alternative flood risk reduction mechanisms are extracted and analyzed from each case study to develop and explain a set of design-based typologies to combat sea level rise which can then be applied to help proctor new and existing communities. It is important for those located within the current or future floodplain considering sea level rise and those responsible for land use, developmental, and population-related activities within these areas to strategically implement a series of integrated constructed and green infrastructure-based flood risk reduction mechanisms to adequately protect threatened areas. As a result, this book is beneficial to both academics and practitioners related to multiple design professions such as urban designers, urban planners, architects, real estate developers, and landscape architects.

The First Conference on Engineering Probability in Flood Defense was orga nized by the Department of Mathematics and Informatics of the Delft U niver sity of Technology and the Department of Industrial Engineering and Opera tions Research of the University of California at Berkeley, and was held on June 1,2 1995 in Delft. Groups at Berkeley and Delft were both deeply engaged in modeling deterioration in civil structures, particularly flood defense structures. The plans for the conference were well under way when the dramatic floods in The Netherlands and California in the winter of 1994-1995 focused world attention on these problems. The design of civil engineering structures and systems is essentially an example of decision making under uncertainty. Although the decision making part of the process is generally acknowledged, the uncertainty in variables and param eters in the design problem is less frequently recognized. In many practical design procedures the uncertainty is concealed behind sharp probabilistic de sign targets like 'once in a thousand years' combined with a standardized use of safety factors. The choice of these probabilistic design targets, however, is based on an assessment of the uncertainty of the variable under consideration, and on its assessed importance. The value of the safety factor is governed by similar considerations. Standard practice is simply accu ulated experience and engineering judgment. In light of the great number of civil engineering structures that function suc-. cessfully, one may say that this standard practice has proven itself broadly satisfactory."

This book presents a co-design detailed methodology that will enable the reader to develop human-centered product designs, considering the user's needs, skills, and limitations. The purpose of this book is to produce an ergonomic design methodology in which the "user's voice" can be translated into product requirements in a way that designers and manufacturers can use, characterizing it as a co-design methodology. It discusses important topics including ergonomics and product design, design specifications, project evaluation, modeling and prototyping, product safety, human error, kansei/affective engineering, usability and user experience, models of usability, methods for research and evaluation of usability, methods for evaluation of user-experience, preliminary strategic design planning, detailing design, and design, ergonomic and pandemics. The book offers a human-centered design methodology that allows the reader to carry out analysis and design projects for both products aimed at the disabled user population and those that serve the general population. It will be a valuable reference text for undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in the fields of ergonomics, design, architecture, engineering, and related fields. It can also be used by students and professionals of physiotherapy and occupational therapy interested in designing products for people with special needs.

Low-level river crossings, including culverts, are important for delivering a range of valuable socioeconomic services, including transportation and hydrological control. These structures are also known to have negative impacts on freshwater river system morphology and ecology, including the blockage of upstream fish passage, particularly small-body-mass fish species. Given the enormous environmental problems created by road crossings, new hydraulic engineering guidelines are proposed for fish-friendly multi-cell box culvert designs. The focus of these guidelines is on smooth box culverts without appurtenance, with a novel approach based upon three basic concepts: (I) the culvert design is optimized for fish passage for small to medium water discharges, and for flood capacity for larger discharges, (II) low-velocity zones are provided along the wetted perimeter in the culvert barrel, and quantified in terms of a fraction of the wetted flow area where the local longitudinal velocity is less than a characteristic fish speed linked to swimming performances of targeted fish species, and (III) the culvert barrel is smooth, without any other form of boundary treatment and appurtenance. The present monograph develops a number of practical considerations, in particular relevant to box culvert operations for less-than-design discharges. It is argued that upstream fish passage capabilities would imply a revised approach to maintenance, in part linked to the targeted fish species. This reference work is authored for civil and environmental engineers, as well as biology and ecology scientists interested in culvert design. While the book is aimed to professionals, the material is also lectured in postgraduate courses and in professional short courses.

Like so many of the coastal cities in Southeast Asia (and other regions) established during European colonialism, there has been an ongoing challenge for decades dealing with the growing frequency and intensity of flooding. Jakarta's flood problems since the 1990s have been nothing less than monumental and the inability of the local and national governments to mitigate flooding in Jakarta is the most visible manifestation of fundamental water management deficiencies. This book offers a comprehensive and systematic historical assessment of Jakarta's water management practices from the colonial era through the early years of the Indonesian republic and Jakarta's emergence as a sprawling megacity. This book draws upon a vast multidisciplinary literature and a wide array of government documents to unravel the complex history of water management that has led to approximately 40% of the city now lying below sea level. This book will be a useful reference to those who research on topics such as urbanization in Southeast Asia, sustainable development, urban and planning history, environmental planning, issues of water management (and flooding), and the politics of planning and development.

Defines the correct cost optimization process Provides detailed explanation of cost estimating techniques Presents cost estimating techniques for various manufacturing processes Offers cost based negotiation training Explains how to build a cost engineering organization

Fluid Power with Applications, Seventh Edition presents broad coverage of fluid power technology in a readable and understandable fashion. An extensive array of industrial applications is provided to motivate and stimulate students' interest in the field. Balancing theory and applications, this book is updated to reflect current technology; it focuses on the design, analysis, operation, and maintenance of fluid power systems. It also includes an Automation Studio (TM) CD (produced by Famic Technologies Inc.) that contains simulations and animations of many of the fluid power circuits presented throughout the book as well as a variety of additional fluid power applications.