This book provides a great collection of work design testimonies with transferable lessons across many industry sectors and domains. It discusses physiological and cognitive parameters, teamwork, social aspects, organizational, and broader factors that influence work design initiatives. It is important to learn from practitioner stories and real-world conditions that affect the theoretical applications of work design. Readers will benefit from understanding the struggles and successes of the authors. The chapters cover a wide spectrum of human factors and user needs, including decision making in (ab)normal and safety-critical situations, physical ergonomics, design-in-use modifications, and tailored training. The text examines holistic approaches that lead to improved work methods, worker engagement, and effective system-wide interventions. Ergonomic Insights: Successes and Failures of Work Design is primarily written for professionals and graduate students in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, and occupational health and safety. Educators will also benefit from using these case studies in class lessons.

This book presents decision support tools that can be used in the early design stage to analyze the feasibility of a product and its components for remanufacturing. It also covers how to design a product specifically for remanufacturing and offers supporting case studies. This is a comprehensive solutions guide for remanufacturing decision-making. The book illustrates an approach that can be used at the product End-of-Life (EOL) stage to generate optimized recovery plans for the returned products. Opportunities for Industry 4.0 to support remanufacturing along with case studies are included to showcase the decision-making tools. Remanufacturing and Remanufacturability Assessment for the Circular Economy: A Solutions Guide will be of interest to practitioners, business professionals, and researchers that work in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Those involved with supply chain management and advanced technologies associated with Industry 4.0, sustainability, and integrated techniques of circular supply chains will also find this book very useful.

This interesting book offers an analysis of man-made catastrophes and asks why they continue to occur. 87 catastrophes or near-catastrophes, including high profile cases such as the Bhopal gas disaster, Grenfell Tower, Shoreham Air Show crash, Brumadinho dam collapse and Fukushima Daiichi, are described together with the reasons why they occurred and why over 50 different safety management approaches and techniques failed to prevent them. Featuring 63 eye opening stories from the author's own personal experience and over 200 pitfalls in safety management approaches, this title is illustrated by 24 hypothetical cases in which the reader is asked to consider the approach they would take. Safety management techniques discussed include operating practices, personnel selection and emergency response. Safety management approaches including safety governance in organisations, along with the role of government and local authorities using the instruments of the law are extensively discussed. The work concludes with imaginative and creative ways forward with the aim to make considerable progress and to potentially eliminate man-made catastrophes for good. This title will be an ideal read for safety managers and engineers, community leaders in civic duties or labour union roles and professionals tasked with stopping and mitigating the impacts of man-made catastrophes, along with non-technical readers who are curious and concerned.

Digital Transformations for Lighting in the Workplace: A Systematic Approach Used in Ergonomics offers a practical concept for the implementation of digital transformation in ergonomics in work settings. It specifically focuses on providing information about illumination in production and non-production fields, and the described design solutions are applicable in practice. The concepts can be used in a typical manufacturing workplace or an academic setting. The methods in the book complement the modern trend to digitalise the workplace, making the research and practical outcomes of this book compatible with the concept of Industry 4.0 - Digital Manufacturing. This title offers a systematic approach to the field of digital transformation for ergonomics. It presents an opportunity for the reader to learn to create a digital model for lighting by analysing mathematical models for calculation through formulas and simulation algorithms. To put learning into context, this book provides two case studies from the production and non-production sectors, including an example of a classroom. The reader will then be able to utilise the methods to create their own digitized illumination system. This monograph is an ideal read for academics and researchers working at universities in the field of Ergonomics and professionals in industrial management including those in manufacturing plants, ergonomists, designers from the industry sector, or people who are interested in ergonomics, digitization, and simulation of a working environment.

Fundamentals of Applied Reservoir Engineering introduces early career reservoir engineers and those in other oil and gas disciplines to the fundamentals of reservoir engineering. Given that modern reservoir engineering is largely centered on numerical computer simulation and that reservoir engineers in the industry will likely spend much of their professional career building and running such simulators, the book aims to encourage the use of simulated models in an appropriate way and exercising good engineering judgment to start the process for any field by using all available methods, both modern simulators and simple numerical models, to gain an understanding of the basic 'dynamics' of the reservoir -namely what are the major factors that will determine its performance. With the valuable addition of questions and exercises, including online spreadsheets to utilize day-to-day application and bring together the basics of reservoir engineering, coupled with petroleum economics and appraisal and development optimization, Fundamentals of Applied Reservoir Engineering will be an invaluable reference to the industry professional who wishes to understand how reservoirs fundamentally work and to how a reservoir engineer starts the performance process.

The idea behind this book is to simplify the journey of aspiring readers and researchers to understand the convergence of Big Data with the Cloud. This book presents the latest information on the adaptation and implementation of Big Data technologies in various cloud domains and Industry 4.0. Synergistic Interaction of Big Data with Cloud Computing for Industry 4.0 discusses how to develop adaptive, robust, scalable, and reliable applications that can be used in solutions for day-to-day problems. It focuses on the two frontiers - Big Data and Cloud Computing - and reviews the advantages and consequences of utilizing Cloud Computing to tackle Big Data issues within the manufacturing and production sector as part of Industry 4.0. The book unites some of the top Big Data experts throughout the world who contribute their knowledge and expertise on the different aspects, approaches, and concepts related to new technologies and novel findings. Based on the latest technologies, the book offers case studies and covers the major challenges, issues, and advances in Big Data and Cloud Computing for Industry 4.0. By exploring the basic and high-level concepts, this book serves as a guide for those in the industry, while also helping beginners and more advanced learners understand both basic and more complex aspects of the synergy between Big Data and Cloud Computing.

This book encapsulates and highlights the most recent innovations, breakthroughs, and comparisons of advanced sustainable manufacturing and material processing techniques for high-performance materials applications with a focus on sustainability and using conventional available methods. Sustainable Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing: Methods and Technologies addresses the various sustainable manufacturing and materials processing techniques for advanced materials. It discusses advancements in conventional and non-conventional techniques used in casting, joining, drilling, surface engineering, sintering, and composite manufacturing. The book focuses on a wide range of manufacturing techniques and materials processing technologies along with their benefits, limitations, and sustainability quotient. The conventional and advanced processes are compared in parallel to understand the need for advanced methods in manufacturing technology. This book is helpful to academic scholars and commercial manufacturers in giving them a first-hand source of information on sustainable manufacturing and material processing technology.

Dams are planned, constructed, and operated to meet human needs - generation of energy, irrigated agricultural production, flood control, public and industrial supply, supply of drinking water, and various other purposes. Dams impound water in reservoirs during times of high flood that can be used for human requirements during times with inadequate natural flows. Positive impacts of dams are improved flood control, improved welfare resulting from new access to irrigation and drinking water. Without dams there would be insufficient food to feed the world's people and energy would be generated by burning fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases. Despite this progress there remain significant concerns about the environmental impacts of dams. These environmental impacts are complex and far reaching, remote of the dam, and may occur in time with the dam construction or later and may lead to a loss of biodiversity and of productivity of natural resources. This bulletin compiles improvements in knowledge and state of the art technology to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts of dams on the natural ecosystem as well as to the people that depend upon them for their livelihood and also addresses the mitigation of environmental impacts on dams and reservoirs. Les barrages sont planifies, construits et exploites de maniere a repondre aux besoins humains. Les barrages retiennent l'eau dans les reservoirs pendant les periodes de forte crue, une eau qui peut etre utilisee pour les besoins de l'homme pendant les periodes d'insuffisance des debits naturels. Les impacts positifs de barrages sont le controle des crues et l'amelioration du bien-etre resultant du nouvel acces a l'irrigation et a l'eau potable. Sans barrages, la production alimentaire serait insuffisante pour nourrir la population du globe et l'energie serait generee en brulant des combustibles fossiles qui produisent des gaz a effet de serre. Malgre ces progres, d'importantes preoccupations subsistent quant aux retombees des barrages sur l'environnement. Les impacts environnementaux sont complexes et d'une grande portee. Ils peuvent se produire au moment de la construction du barrage ou plus tard et peuvent entrainer une perte de la biodiversite et de la productivite des ressources naturelles. Le present bulletin compile l'amelioration des connaissances et des technologies les plus recentes pour eviter ou attenuer les impacts environnementaux des barrages sur l'ecosysteme naturel ainsi que pour les personnes qui en dependent pour leur subsistance. Il aborde egalement l'attenuation des impacts environnementaux sur les barrages et les reservoirs.

Each year, floods cause an enormous amount of global economic and social damage, impacting transportation systems, water supplies, agriculture, and health. Response management to catastrophic floods require increased measures involving integrated planning, adaptation, and recovery strategies in order to protect against human loss. Decision Support Methods for Assessing Flood Risk and Vulnerability is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of effective models and tools focused on the diagnosis of vulnerability to flooding risks and evaluates and measures the impact of floods on socio-economic wellbeing. While highlighting topics such as hydrological events, soil erosion, and flood vulnerability, this publication explores methods of identifying appropriate adaptation strategies. This book is ideally designed for researchers, students, academicians, policymakers, government officials, and technology developers seeking current empirical research findings to be used to improve the overall understanding of the flood phenomenon.

This reference text discusses processing, structure, and properties of metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites for applications in high end engineering equipment, biomedical and nano-biotechnology areas. The text begins by discussing fundamentals, classification, designing and fabrication of composite materials, followed by ultrasonic vibration assisted machining of advanced materials, fabrication of transparent advanced composites, fabrication of composites via microwave sintering, and hybrid machining of metal-matrix composites. It covers important topics including fabrication of shape-memory polymers, additive manufacturing for the fabrication of composites, 3D printing processes for biomedical applications, and ultrasonic vibration assisted machining of advanced materials. The text will be useful for undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in areas including materials science, mechanical engineering, manufacturing science, aerospace engineering, electronics and communication engineering The book- Covers processing, structure, and properties of metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites. Discusses nano materials and their potential applications in the area of biomedical and nano-biotechnology. Provides modern processing techniques to synthesize advance materials. Explores applicability of the materials using mechanical, chemical, thermal and electrical tests. Discussing advanced materials, their manufacturing techniques and applications in diverse areas including automotive, aerospace engineering, biomedical, this text will be useful for undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in areas including materials science, mechanical engineering, manufacturing science, aerospace engineering, electronics and communication engineering. It will further discuss electro discharge machining of steels using chromium alloy-based electrodes, and advanced machining techniques for hard materials.

1) Covers different types of cranes including bridge cranes, tower cranes, aerial cranes and dual cranes 2) Provides different industrial applications 3) Demonstrates how to reduce unwanted vibrations to ensure safe and effective operations 4) Discusses how to use advanced control methods in order to reduce vibration

Ever since the publication in 1997 the original Scour Manual has helped many practising hydraulic engineers to deal with scour processes near hydraulic structures. In recent years new insights, such as probabilistic calculations, offered new opportunities to design structures more economically. These new insights are included in this update of the original Scour Manual, which is focussing entirely on current-related scour. This manual provides the engineer with useful practical methods to calculate the dimensions of scour holes in the pre-feasibility and preliminary stages of a project, and gives an introduction to the most relevant literature. This updated Scour Manual contains guidelines that can be used to solve problems related to scour in engineering practice and also reflects the main results of all research projects in the Netherlands in recent decades. The so-called Breusers equilibrium method has a central role, which can basically be applied to all situations where local scour is expected. The method allows to predict the scour depth as a function of time, provided that the available knowledge about scour at the specific structure is sufficient. For structures with insufficient knowledge available, alternative scour prediction rules are presented. The treatment of local scour is classified according to the different types of structures. Each type of structure is necessarily schematised to a simple, basic layout. The main parameters of a structure and the main parts of the flow pattern near a structure are described briefly insofar they are relevant to the description of scour phenomena. New scour formulas for the equilibrium scour have been elucidated. Evaluating a balance of forces for a control volume, it is possible to develop scour equations for different types of flow fields and structures, i.e. jets, abutments and bridge piers. As many scour problems are still not fully understood, attention is paid to the validity ranges and limitations of the formulas, as well as to the accuracy of the scour predictions. This information can also be used to carry out a risk assessment using a safety philosophy based on a probabilistic analysis or an approach with a safety factor. Moreover, the information on the strength of soils is extended and aspects are addressed such as scour due to shear failures or flow slides, that can progressively damage the bed protection which might lead to the failure of hydraulic structures. This updated Scour Manual presents scour prediction methods and deals with practically related scour problems. Consultants and contractors were invited to provide case studies of realized projects, including the methods that were followed. These case studies will help with grasping the concept of scour by the flow of water. This manual provides the engineer with the latest knowledge and with case studies that show how to apply the formulas and their limitations.

This text discusses recent research techniques in the field of microwave processing of engineering materials by utilizing microwave radiation in the form of microwave hybrid heating (MHH). It is useful for industrial and household applications including the joining of materials, casting of bulk metal alloy material, drilling of borosilicate glass materials, development of cladding of different materials for friction, wear, and corrosion. The book: Discusses the development of high-temperature resistant materials using microwave processing Covers the latest research development in microwave processing in the field of healthcare i.e. bio-medical implants Highlights concepts of microwave heating in joining, cladding, and casting of metallic materials Explains mechanisms of failure of materials and protection in a comprehensive manner Provide readers the knowledge of microwave processing of materials in major thrust areas of engineering applications This book extensively highlights the latest advances in the field of microwave processing for engineering materials. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of materials science, manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, and production engineering.

This book addresses current international practices applied for dam safety assessments by looking at a portfolio of dam safety projects in various developing countries (Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan, Mauritius, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Vietnam) spread across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia). Safety assessment involved the review of 134 existing dams and comparison with the best international practices. A large part of dam safety assessment involves understanding of dam hazards, standards applied in the design and maintenance, as well as expectation and social circumstances under which the dams have been designed and constructed in a particular country. For example, standards for design floods, ground investigation, selection of design soil parameters and design earthquakes etc. used are often either non-existent or inadequate, which could lead to an unsafe design. If there are no standards to be applied in dam design and construction, consultants are often under pressure from clients to come up with minimalistic investigation and designs, which, after a few years after dam construction, show signs of deficiencies. Very often countries have no regulations and standards for requirements that should cover the maintenance and operation of dams. The book also describes the Portfolio Risk Assessment of Dams, which can be used as a tool by clients and the funding agencies to identify priority assessment and rehabilitation projects that consider societal and economic losses. It also demonstrates how the implementation of Emergency Preparedness Planning could significantly reduce the number of people at risk. This book aims to help clients, consultants and funding agencies which are engaged in dam safety assessment projects in developing countries to focus on issues that are based on past lessons learnt.

Applied Attention Theory, Second Edition provides details concerning the relevance of all aspects of attention to the world beyond the laboratory. Topic application areas include the design of warning systems to capture attention; attention distractions in the workplace; failures of dividing attention while driving; and the measurement of mental workload while flying. This new edition discusses the implications of VR and AR for human attention. It also covers the treatment of attention-based pedagogical methods used to enhance learning and presents attentional issues in interacting with automation and AI. New chapters include applications of attention to healthcare, education pedagogy, highway safety, and human interaction with autonomous vehicles and other AI systems. The readership for this book is the professional, the researcher, and the student.

ICOLD Bulletin 180 presents the vast experience gained over the past 6 decades by the dam engineering community in the field of dam surveillance by means of 80 case histories. The documented case histories endeavour to cover the practical experiences related with one or several of the following points: a) Methods for the improvement of the quality and reliability of information. b) Data processing and representation techniques. c) Effective Diagnostic analyses to determine behaviour patterns. d) Dedicated surveillance systems for the optimization of maintenance, rehabilitation, and other life cycle costs. e) Impact of surveillance on preventing dam incidents and dam failure. f) Overview of dam surveillance management systems. The case histories cover a wide variety of technical aspects and deal with success stories but also incidents, some of them with catastrophic consequences. The time framework spans over 70 years: from the times of the Second World War up to the present. The purpose is to learn from these practical experiences, not to criticize the involved individuals, who had to work with the techniques and rules of practice available at the time. This bulletin wants to contribute to keep learning from the experience of the dam engineering community, specifically in the field of dam surveillance. Some of the case histories are widely known and have been described and analysed in numerous publications. Most of them are related to famous dam failure incidents and were compiled as international "benchmark case histories" for this bulletin to focus on the specific lessons learnt related with dam surveillance. Le Bulletin de la CIGB 180 presente la vaste experience acquise au cours des 6 dernieres decennies par la communaute des ingenieurs de barrages dans le domaine de la surveillance des barrages au moyen de 80 histoires de cas. Les histoires de cas documentees s'efforcent de couvrir les experiences pratiques liees a un ou plusieurs des points suivants : a) Methodes d'amelioration de la qualite et de la fiabilite de l'information. b) Techniques de traitement et de representation des donnees. c) Analyses diagnostiques efficaces pour determiner les modeles de comportement. d) Systemes de surveillance dedies pour l'optimisation de la maintenance, de la rehabilitation et des autres couts du cycle de vie. e) Impact de la surveillance sur la prevention des incidents et des ruptures de barrage. f) Apercu des systemes de gestion de la surveillance des barrages. Les histoires de cas couvrent une grande variete d'aspects techniques et traitent de reussites mais aussi d'incidents, dont certains avec des consequences catastrophiques. Le cadre temporel s'etend sur 70 ans : de l'epoque de la Seconde Guerre mondiale a nos jours. Le but est d'apprendre de ces experiences pratiques, pas de critiquer les individus impliques, qui ont du travailler avec les techniques et les regles de pratique disponibles a l'epoque. Ce bulletin veut contribuer a continuer d'apprendre de l'experience de la communaute de l'ingenierie des barrages, en particulier dans le domaine de la surveillance des barrages. Certaines des histoires de cas sont largement connues et ont ete decrites et analysees dans de nombreuses publications. La plupart d'entre eux sont lies a des incidents de rupture de barrages celebres et ont ete compiles en tant qu'" histoires de cas de reference " internationales pour ce bulletin afin de se concentrer sur les lecons specifiques apprises liees a la surveillance des barrages.

Suspension Plasma Spray Coating of Advanced Ceramics presents the significance of suspension plasma spray coating of ceramics for thermal barrier applications. It covers suspension formation and optimization in different oxide and non-oxide mixtures and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) of sub-micron and nanosized powders. Enabling readers to understand the importance of thermally inert and insulating ceramic coatings on metals and alloys, the book explains how to improve their utilization in applications, such as turbine blades or diesel engines, gas turbines, and coating methods. This book also discusses advanced topics on nanomaterials coatings in monolithic or composite forms as thermal barriers through organic and non-organic based suspensions using high energy plasma spray methods. Features: Presents significant thermal barrier properties using high energy plasma spray methods. Explores advanced surface modification techniques. Covers monolithic, composite, and solid solution ceramics coating. Discusses high precision coating methods. The book will be useful for professional engineers working in surface modification and researchers studying materials science and engineering, corrosion, and abrasion.

This book is an overview of current state of the art about monitoring of inundation events through remote sensing. A complete approach to efficient and precise flood monitoring requires multiple fields of expertise, from image processing to hydrologic monitoring. This volume details the latest remote sensing techniques for flood monitoring and mapping, including use of optical data from geostationary sensors and LEO spacecraft, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data analysis, and data fusion. Detailed case studies from a variety of subject experts illustrate these tools and techniques. Accurate monitoring of flood events is increasingly necessary to gain insight about both causes and remedies. Floods are one of the most destructive hazards to the human populations, they can occur practically everywhere on the Earth surface, and each year cause considerable harm and damage to infrastructures. The recent Flood directive in European Countries is contributing to a more quantitative approach to flood hazard and risk evaluation.

1) Introduces a concept with wide ranging applications throughout engineering, from design to business, with case studies as practical examples 2) Provides applications to emerging technologies such as mobile app development and provides online tools to aid readers in practicing Design Thinking 3) Relates Design thinking to artificial intelligence, devops and machine learning 4) Aids students and professionals in gaining experience to prepare for a job in various industries 5) Applies Design Thinking to multiple hot topics such as sustainability

This reference text discusses integrated approaches to improve the objectives of additive manufacturing in medical application. The text covers case studies related to product design and development, discuses biomaterials, applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning using additive manufacturing techniques. It covers important topics including 3D printing technology, materials for 3D printing in medicine, rapid prototyping in clinical applications, and use of additive manufacturing in customized bone tissue engineering scaffold. The text- Discusses additive manufacturing techniques and their utilization in medical applications. Covers important applications of additive manufacturing in the fields of medicine, education and space industry. Explores regulatory challenges associated with the emergence of additive manufacturing. Examines the use of rapid prototyping in clinical applications. The text will serve as a useful reference guide for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing science, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. This book discusses important application areas of additive manufacturing, including medicine, education, and the space industry, this reference text will be a serve as a useful text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing science, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering.

Flood risk management requires a multi-disciplinary approach with experts from the fields of health, town planning, civil engineering, computer science and mathematical statistics. This volume presents chapters highlighting the methodologies and tools developed to improve flood management and flood risk reduction. Chapters in this important volume consider research on Emerging economies and developing countries and the case studies are focused in Malaysia, China and South-East Asia. The book presents key research from areas of the globe where flood management has not traditionally been studied but where the effects of climate change and natural disasters present huge challenges for societies in the region. This volume, edited by leaders in the field of disaster management, would of be particular interest to students, researchers and policy specialists involved with examining flood related risk reduction methods and systems for key decision makers.

Examining smart 3D printing at the nanoscale, this book discusses various methods of fabrication, the presence of inherent defects and their annihilation, property analysis, and emerging applications across an array of industries. The book serves to bridge the gap between the concept of nanotechnology and the tailorable properties of smart 3D-print products. FEATURES Covers surface and interface analysis and smart technologies in 3D nanoprinting Details different materials, such as polymers, metals, semiconductors, glassceramics, and composites, as well as their selection criteria, fabrication, and defect analysis at nanoscale Describes optimization and modeling and the effect of machine parameters on 3D-printed products Discusses critical barriers and opportunities Explores emerging applications in manufacturing industries, such as aerospace, healthcare, automotive, energy, construction, and defense Smart 3D Nanoprinting: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and industry professionals in materials, manufacturing, chemical, and mechanical engineering. This book offers readers a comprehensive overview of the properties, opportunities, and applications of smart 3D nanoprinting.

In the manufacturing sector, nanomaterials offer promising outcomes for cost reduction in production, quality improvement, and minimization of environmental hazards. This book focuses on the application of nanomaterials across a wide range of manufacturing areas, including in paint and coatings, petroleum refining, textile and leather industries, electronics, energy storage devices, electrochemical sensors, as well as in industrial waste treatment. This book: Examines nanofluids and nanocoatings in manufacturing and their characterization. Discusses nanomaterial applications in fabricating lightweight structural components, oil refining, smart leather processing and textile industries, and the construction industry. Highlights the role of 3D printing in realizing the full potential of nanotechnology. Considers synthetic strategies with a focus on greener protocols for the fabrication of nanostructured materials with enhanced properties and better control, including these materials' characterization and significant properties for ensuring smart outputs. Offers a unique perspective on applications in industrial waste recycling and treatment, along with challenges in terms of safety, economics, and sustainability in industrial processes. This work is written for researchers and industry professionals across a variety of engineering disciplines, including materials, manufacturing, process, and industrial engineering.

Lean Manufacturing concepts are being applied to a variety of industries. These concepts ensure streamlined processes through a systematic analysis of wastes and elimination, while enhancing value. This book offers fundamentals, theoretical concepts, case studies, and examples, along with insights for lean integration in Industry 4.0. The book offers a comprehensive coverage of topics in Lean Manufacturing which includes lean elements and tools, performance measures, project selection, integration, along with other related strategies. It ensures a balance between theory and practice of Lean Manufacturing by including the implementation aspects of lean tools. The book will explore insights for Industry 4.0 related to lean concepts and provide details on how they relate. Illustrations and examples depicting OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) analysis and value stream map analysis are included. The book also provides case studies on Lean Manufacturing covering value stream mapping, project selection, and performance measurement. Lean Manufacturing: Fundamentals, Tools, Approaches, and Industry 4.0 Integration can be used as a reference for academic researchers and industry practitioners. Undergraduate and postgraduate students can use it for a course on Lean Manufacturing. Doctoral students can also refer to it for advanced concepts, and industry practitioners can use it for practical insights.

1) Demonstrates alternative definitions of the fuzzy safety factor 2) Explains properties of materials and their structural deterioration 3) Covers optimal probabilistic design 4) Aids the reader in solving problems associated with uncertainty