This book gives an up-to-date review on dam-break problems, along with the main theoretical background and the practical aspects involved in dam failures, design of flood defence structures, prevention measures and the environmental, social, economic, and forensic aspects related to the topic. Moreover, an exhaustive range of laboratory tests and modelling techniques is explored to deal effectively with shock waves and other disasters caused by dam failures. Disaster management refers to programs and strategies designed to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from the effects of these phenomena. To manage and minimize these risks, it is necessary to identify hazards and vulnerability by means of a deep knowledge of the causes, which lead to dam failures, and to understand the flow propagation process. Knowledge and advanced scientific tools play a role of paramount importance in the strain of coping with flooding and other dam-break problems along with the capacity building in the context of political and administrative frameworks.All these aspects are featured in the book, which is a comprehensive treaty that covers the most theoretical and advanced aspects of structural and hydraulic engineering, together with the hazard assessment and mitigation measures and the social, economic and forensic aspects related to subject.

It is clear that hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards assessment and also environmental research. Our ability to describe processes in nature rests on the observation and experimental methods as well as on theoretical basics of various disciplines. Under such conditions experimental methods draw from various areas of human activities and research, i.e. from physics, biology, chemistry, aerospace research, oceanic research etc. The current volume is the result of a meeting that took place during the 30th International School of Hydraulics in Poland and presents both the state-of-the-art and ongoing research projects in which experimental methods play a key role. Authors from numerous leading laboratories and from various countries guarantee a representative sample of different studies at the frontier of the field

Coast lines have been and still are the centre lines of civilization around the world with still increasing pressure from both sides, the hinterland and the sea, with all its foreseeable and unforeseeable impacts given by nature or mankind. While response of nature to such impacts is flexible in the way that all morphological changes with all the consequences are tolerated as part of the system, man cannot tolerate short-term or long-term changes without being threatened in its physical and economical existence. The objectives of this Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Environmentally Friendly Coastal Structures were:

- to contribute to the critical assessment of existing knowledge in the field of coastal and environmental protection;

- to identify directions for future research in that area;

- to promote close working relationships between scientists from different countries and with different professional experience.

Latest trends in research in coastal and environmental protection have been summarized and developed during the meeting. Seventeen papers are presented in this book, attempting to cover as completely as possible all related aspects a" coast, engineering structures, water, sediments, ecosystems in their complicated interaction.

Flood control in urban areas can be feasibly and cost-effectively enhanced by implementing flood proofing approaches to risk reduction in the context of environmental and land-use planning and management. Indeed, flood proofing makes it possible to improve, integrate and in some cases even replace traditional measures for flood control, reducing the vulnerability and increasing the resilience of buildings and infrastructures. This book begins by reviewing the physics of stability and instability of both human beings and buildings under flood conditions, together with criteria and models (both conventional and innovative) for assessing flood strains. In turn, it presents a range of flood proofing concepts and techniques, together with a complete and updated classification of related methods and devices. This provides a user-friendly tool to help identify appropriate solutions to real-world problems for each specific risk scenario. In particular, the book focuses on temporary flood proofing techniques, given their ability to deliver effective performance at low costs. Lastly, it features an overview of norms, guidelines and laboratory recommendations that are currently being adopted in various countries with regard to flood proofing devices and testing procedures. The purpose of this book is essentially to encourage authorities, stakeholders, technicians and end users to successfully develop flood proofing solutions that can reduce flood risk in a pragmatic manner. In addition, the authors hope to inspire researchers, manufacturers and designers (engineers, architects, urban planners and urban managers) to pursue further advances in this key sector of public and private safety in urban areas.

Dams profoundly impact the geomorphology of rivers by altering the natural patterns of water, sediment and energy flow in rivers. These changes have a largely negative impact on aquatic and riparian ecosystems upstream and downstream of the dam. Natural dams also impact river geomorphology, although with positive and negative repercussions for aquatic and riparian organisms.
In 2002, the 33rd Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium convened under the theme "Dams and Morphology," and featured invited papers and contributed posters on topics of natural dams, artificial dams, and dam removal. Fourteen of these papers have been included in this volume.

Whatever your hydraulic applications, Practical Hydraulic Systems: Operation & Troubleshooting For Engineers & Technicians will help you to increase your knowledge of the fundamentals, improve your maintenance programs and become an excellent troubleshooter of problems in this area.
Cutaways of all major components are included in the book to visually demonstrate the components' construction and operation. Developing an understanding of how it works leads to an understanding of how and why it fails. Multimedia views of the equipment are shown, to give as realistic a view of hydraulic systems as possible. The book is highly practical, comprehensive and interactive. It discusses Hydraulic Systems construction, design applications, operations, maintenance, and management issues and provides you with the most up-to-date information and Best Practice in dealing with the subject.
* A focus on maintenance and troubleshooting makes this book essential reading for practising engineers.
* Written to cover the requirements of mechanical / industrial and civil engineering.
* Cutaway diagrams demonstrate the construction and operation of key equipment.

Open channel hydraulics has always been a very interesting domain of scienti c and engineering activity because of the great importance of water for human l- ing. The free surface ow, which takes place in the oceans, seas and rivers, can be still regarded as one of the most complex physical processes in the environment. The rst source of dif culties is the proper recognition of physical ow processes and their mathematical description. The second one is related to the solution of the derived equations. The equations arising in hydrodynamics are rather comp- cated and, except some much idealized cases, their solution requires application of the numerical methods. For this reason the great progress in open channel ow modeling that took place during last 40 years paralleled the progress in computer technique, informatics and numerical methods. It is well known that even ty- cal hydraulic engineering problems need applications of computer codes. Thus, we witness a rapid development of ready-made packages, which are widely d- seminated and offered for engineers. However, it seems necessary for their users to be familiar with some fundamentals of numerical methods and computational techniques applied for solving the problems of interest. This is helpful for many r- sons. The ready-made packages can be effectively and safely applied on condition that the users know their possibilities and limitations. For instance, such knowledge is indispensable to distinguish in the obtained solutions the effects coming from the considered physical processes and those caused by numerical artifacts.

Since the publication of its first edition in 1999, 'The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow' has been praised by professionals, academics, students and researchers alike as the most practical modern textbook on open channel flow available. This new edition includes substantial new material on hydraulic modelling, in particular addressing unsteady open channel flows. There are also many new exercises and projects, including a major new revision assignment.
This innovative textbook contains numerous examples and practical applications, and is fully illustrated with both colour and black and white photographs. Dr Chanson introduces the basic principles of open channel flow and takes readers through the key topics of sediment transport, hydraulic modelling and the design of hydraulic structures.
-Comprehensive coverage of the basic principles of key application areas of the hydraulics of open channel flow
-New exercises and examples added to aid understanding
-Ideal for use by students and lecturers in civil and environmental engineering

This book covers the basics of the hydrodynamics and vibration of structures subjected to environmental loads. It describes the interaction of hydrodynamics with the associated vibration of structures, giving simple explanations. Emphasis is placed on the applications of the theory to practical problems. Several case studies are provided to show how the theory outlined in the book is applied in the design of structures. Background material needed for understanding fluid-induced vibrations of structures is given to make the book reasonably self-sufficient. Examples are taken mainly from the novel structures that are of interest today, including ocean and offshore structures and components.Besides being a text for undergraduates, this book can serve as a handy reference for design engineers and consultants involved in the design of structures subjected to dynamics and vibration.

Analysis of open-channel flow is essential for the planning, design, and operation of water-resource projects. The use of computers and the availability of efficient computational procedures has simplified such analysis, and made it possible to handle increasingly complex systems.

In Open-Channel Flow, Second Edition, author Hanif Chaudhry draws upon years of practical experience and incorporates numerous examples and real life applications, to provide the reader with:

• A strong emphasis on the application of efficient solution techniques, computational procedures, and numerical methods suitable for computer analyses;

• Complete coverage of steady and unsteady flow techniques;

• A new chapter on sediment transport and updated chapters on uniform flow and two dimensional flow techniques;

• New and updated problem sets and exercises, a solutions manual for instructors, and a CD-ROM with short computer programs in FORTRAN that include the input data for sample problems and the associated computer output.

Open-Channel Flow, Second Edition is written for students in senior-level undergraduate and graduate courses on steady and unsteady open-channel flow and for civil engineers needing up-to-date and relevant information on the latest developments and techniques in the field.

Nominated by Tsinghua University as an outstanding Ph.D. thesis, this book investigates the mechanical properties of unsaturated compacted clayey soil, the multi-field coupling consolidation theory of unsaturated soil and its application to a 261.5 m high earth-rockfill dam. It proposes a multi-field coupling analysis method of consolidation, and develops an efficient and practical finite element (FE) program for large-scale complex earth-rockfill dams. The book is primarily intended for researchers studying the multi-field coupling analysis of seepage consolidation.

These proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Environmental Reconstruction in Headwater Areas" provide a landmark in the evolution of a distinctive movement, perhaps an emerging new philosophy, within the practice of headwater management. The Headwater Control movement traces its history back to the First International Conference on Headwater Control, Prague, 1989. Throughout this brief history, Headwater Control has remained a typical environment movement 'ad hocracy'. At its meetings, for every convert to the multidisciplinary, integrative, practical, interventionist, and above-all 'green' ideals of the group, there have been several delegates who have found the whole concept both new and slightly incomprehensible. One reason for this has been the Headwater Control practice of trying to bring together scientists, practitioners, policy-makers and non-government environmentalist organisations. The group's larger meetings have always been federal gatherings. Sponsorship has been shared with invited participation from associations representing hydrological science, soil conservation, erosion control, forestry, environmental activism and so forth. These delegations may have included fellow travellers in the work to protect headwater environments, but their main concerns have not necessarily coincided with the Headwater Control group's prescriptions for the environmental regeneration of headwater regions. The Liberec Workshop, whose proceedings are distilled into this volume, provided a first opportunity for the scattered supporters of Headwater Control to talk among themselves and fmd out to what degree there really is a shared vision of the way forward in headwater management, restoration and protection.

This book is intended to be a text for undergraduate students of coastal engineering. It also serves as a reference for graduate students and practicing engineers, building on a basic foundation in coastal engineering. Finally, it is a guide for people in related disciplines. Coastal managers may use the book to cover the more theoretical and engineering-related aspects of their trade. Its subject matter is of interest to geographers, planners and coastal scientists alike.

Each year more than 200 million people are affected by floods, tropical storms, droughts, earthquakes, and also operational failures, wars, terrorism, vandalism, and accidents involving hazardous materials. These are part of the wide variety of events that cause death, injury, and significant economic losses for the countries affected.

In an environment where natural hazards are present, local actions are decisive in all stages of risk management: in the work of prevention and mitigation, in rehabilitation and reconstruction, and above all in emergency response and the provision of basic services to the affected population. Commitment to systematic vulnerability reduction is crucial to ensure the resilience of communities and populations to the impact of natural and manmade hazards.

Current challenges for the water and sanitation sector require an increase in sustainable access to water and sanitation services in residential areas, where natural hazards pose the greatest risk. In settlements located on unstable and risk-prone land there is growing environmental degradation coupled with extreme conditions of poverty that increase vulnerability. The development of local capacity and risk management play vital roles in obtaining sustainability of water and sanitation systems as well as for the communities themselves.

Unfortunately water may also represent a potential target for terrorist activity or war conflict and a deliberate contamination of water is a potential public health threat. An approach which considers the needs of communities and institutions is particularly important in urban areas affected by armed conflict. Risk management for large rehabilitation projects has to deal with major changes caused by conflict: damaged or destroyed infrastructure, increased population, corrupt or inefficient water utilities, and impoverished communities.

Water supply and sanitation are amongst the first considerations in disaster response. The greatest water-borne risk to health in most emergencies is the transmission of faecal pathogens, due to inadequate sanitation, hygiene and protection of water sources. However, some disasters, including those involving damage to chemical and nuclear industrial installations, or involving volcanic activity, may create acute problems from chemical or radiological water pollution. Sanitation includes safe excreta disposal, drainage of wastewater and rainwater, solid waste disposal and vector control.

This book is based on the discussions and papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Ohrid, Macedonia under the auspices of the NATO Security Through Science Programme and addressed problems Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems impaired by operational failures, natural disasters and war conflicts.

The main purpose of the workshop was to critically assess the existing knowledge on Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems, with respect to diverse conditions in participating countries, and promote close co-operation among scientists with different professional experience from different countries.

The ARW technical program comprised papers on 4 topics: (a) Vulnerability of Wastewater and Sanitation Systems, (b) Vulnerability of Drinking Water Systems, (c) Emergency response plans, and (d) Case studies from regions affected by Drinking Water System, Wastewater and Sanitation System failures.

The increasing risk of severe droughts and water shortages emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to drought mitigation. However, effective tools for the implementation of such an approach have not been available till now. This book contributes to an improved preparedness for drought in water supply systems, providing tools useful for a better decision making process in drought management. It presents methods and software features of a Decision Support System (DSS) developed within a European research project and consists of three main parts. The first part deals with the advanced techniques for hydrological drought identification and monitoring; the second analyses the successful use of climate-crop-soil models in defining deficit irrigation strategies; the third provides tools for improving the operation of irrigation supply reservoirs. All methods are embedded in a user-friendly DSS package that has been applied in several Case Studies of Mediterranean countries (Portugal, Italy, Tunisia, Jordan and Syria) and whose results are also compared.

A clear, up-to-date presentation of the principles of flow in open channels

A fundamental knowledge of flow in open channels is essential for the planning and design of systems to manage water resources. Open-Channel Flow conveys this knowledge through the use of practical problems that can be solved either analytically or by simple numerical methods that do not require the use of computer software.

This completely up-to-date text includes several features not found in any other book on the subject. It derives one- dimensional equations of motion using both a simplified approach and a rigorous approach, and it explains the distinction between the momentum and mechanical energy equations. The author places great emphasis on identifying the types and locations of the control sections that are essential in analyzing flow profiles, and he includes a section on recently recognized nonunique flow profiles.

Offering numerous worked examples that are helpful in understanding the basic principles and their practical applications, this book:

• Presents the latest computational methods for profiling spatially varied and unsteady flow
• Includes end-of-section exercises that measure and build understanding
• Fully explains governing equations in algebraic and differential form
• Brings sluice-gate analysis completely up to date
• Covers artificial channel controls such as weirs, spillways, and gates, and special topics such as transitions in supercritical flow and flow through culverts

Written in metric units throughout, this excellent learning tool for senior- and graduate-level students in civil and environmental engineering programs is also a useful reference for practicing civil and environmental engineers.

Laboratory physical models are a valuable tool for coastal engineers. Physical models help us to understand the complex hydrodynamic processes occurring in the nearshore zone and they provide reliable and economic engineering design solutions.This book is about the art and science of physical modeling as applied in coastal engineering. The aim of the book is to consolidate and synthesize into a single text much of the knowledge about physical modeling that has been developed worldwide.This book was written to serve as a graduate-level text for a course in physical modeling or as a reference text for engineers and researchers engaged in physical modeling and laboratory experimentation. The first three chapters serve as an introduction to similitude and physical models, covering topics such as advantages and disadvantages of physical models, systems of units, dimensional analysis, types of similitude and various hydraulic similitude criteria applicable to coastal engineering models.Practical application of similitude principles to coastal engineering studies is covered in Chapter 4 (Hydrodynamic Models), Chapter 5 (Coastal Structure Models) and Chapter 6 (Sediment Transport Models). These chapters develop the appropriate similitude criteria, discuss inherent laboratory and scale effects and overview the technical literature pertaining to these types of models. The final two chapters focus on the related subjects of laboratory wave generation (Chapter 7) and measurement and analysis techniques (Chapter 8).

The book is a collection of extended papers which have been selected for presentation during the SIMHYDRO 2012 conference held in Sophia Antipolis in September 2012. The papers present the state of the art numerical simulation in domains such as (1) New trends in modelling for marine, river & urban hydraulics; (2) Stakeholders & practitioners of simulation; (3) 3D CFD & applications. All papers have been peer reviewed and by scientific committee members with report about quality, content and originality. The target audience for this book includes scientists, engineers and practitioners involved in the field of numerical modelling in the water sector: flood management, natural resources preservation, hydraulic machineries, and innovation in numerical methods, 3D developments and applications.

Triggerd primarily byill effects of polluted air, soil and water resources on living species, public concern for environmental quality has been growing during the past four decades or so. One manifestation of this concern is found in occurrence of public debates as well as in the demand for full environmental impact assessment before a water-resources project is approved. Engineering soundness and economic feasibility are no longer sufficient criteria for construction of hydraulic works. As a result, environmental considerations have become very much a part of hydraulic analyses. In response to growing environmental concerns, the field of hydraulics has expanded and a new branch, called Environmental Hydraulics, has emerged. The focus of this branch is on hydraulic analyses of those environmental issues that are important for protection, restoration, and managementof environmental quality. The motivation for this book grew out of the desire to provide a hydraulic discussion of some of the key environmental issues.It is hoped that the book would serve to stimulate others to write more comprehensive texts on this subject of growing importance.

Contaminated sediments pose some of the most difficult site remediation issues. Contaminated sediments typically reside in spatially variable and dynamic systems subject to seasonal flow variations and episodic storm events. The volume of sediments that must be managed at particular sites often exceeds one million cubic meters, dwarfing many contaminated soil sites. These sediments are also associated with equally daunting volumes of water and efforts to remove the contamination typically entrains even more water. The environmental security of both NATO and partner countries is at risk due to the pervasive nature of sediment contamination of rivers, lakes and harbors. A NATO Advanced Research Workshop was convened in Bratislava in May 2005 to discuss current approaches to managing contaminated sediments and to identify research necessary to overcome outstanding problems.

In this text, drawn from presentations and discussion of that workshop, current approaches to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments will be discussed with the emphasis on in-situ management. Physical, chemical and biological approaches for the assessment and remediation of sediments are all addressed. Developing regulatory and strategic approaches are highlighted with a special emphasis on the potential for biological remediation for the management of contaminated sediments.

A growing proportion of the world's population is dependent on Seawater Desalination as a source of fresh water for both potable and civil use. One of the main drawbacks of conventional desalination technologies is the substantial energy requirement, which is facing cost increases in the global energy market. "Seawater Desalination" presents an overview of conventional and non-conventional technologies, with a particular focus on the coupling of renewable energies with desalination processes.

The first section of this book presents, in a technical but reader-friendly way, an overview of currently-used desalination processes, from thermal to membrane processes, highlighting the relevant technical features, advantages and disadvantages, and development potential. It also gives a rapid insight into the economic aspects of fresh water production from seawater.

The second section of the book presents novel processes which use Renewable Energies for fresh water production. From the first solar still evaporators, which artificially reproduced the natural cycle of water, technology has progressed to develop complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves, etc. and then to use this energy to power conventional or novel desalination processes. Most of these processes are still at a preliminary stage of development, but some are already being cited as examples in remote areas, where they are proving to be valuable in solving the problems of water scarcity.

A rapid growth in these technologies is foreseen in the coming years. This book provides a unique foundation, within the context of present and future sustainability, for professionals, technicians, managers, and private and public institutions operating in the area of fresh water supply.