Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, now in its fourteenth edition, continues to be the leading text for one-semester courses in labor economics at the undergraduate and graduate levels.

It offers a thorough overview of the modern theory of labor market behaviour and reveals how this theory is used to analyze public policy. Designed for students who may not have extensive backgrounds in economics, the text balances theoretical coverage with examples of practical applications that allow students to see concepts in action.

The authors believe that showing students the social implications of the concepts discussed in the course will enhance their motivation to learn. As such, this text presents numerous examples of policy decisions that have been affected by the ever-shifting labor market.

This new edition continues to offer:

a balance of relevant, contemporary examples;

coverage of the current economic climate;

introduction to basic methodological techniques and problems;

tools for review and further study.

This fourteenth edition presents updated data throughout and a wealth of new examples, such as the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns, gig work, nudges, monopsony power in the technology industry, and the effect of machine learning on inequality.

Supplementary materials for students and instructors are available on the book’s companion website.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Overview of the Labor Market

3. The Demand for Labor

4. Labor Demand Elasticities

5. Frictions in the Labor Market

6. Supply of Labor to the Economy: The Decision to Work

7. Labor Supply: Household Production, the Family, and the Life Cycle

8. Compensating Wage Differentials and Labor Markets

9. Investments in Human Capital: Education and Training

10. Worker Mobility: Migration, Immigration, and Turnover

11. Pay and Productivity: Wage Determination within the Firm

12. Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Labor Market

13. Unions and the Labor Market

14. Unemployment

15. Inequality in Earnings

16. The Labor-Market Effects of International Trade and Production Sharing

1. Introduction

2. Overview of the Labor Market

3. The Demand for Labor

4. Labor Demand Elasticities

5. Frictions in the Labor Market

6. Supply of Labor to the Economy: The Decision to Work

7. Labor Supply: Household Production, the Family, and the Life Cycle

8. Compensating Wage Differentials and Labor Markets

9. Investments in Human Capital: Education and Training

10. Worker Mobility: Migration, Immigration, and Turnover

11. Pay and Productivity: Wage Determination within the Firm

12. Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Labor Market

13. Unions and the Labor Market

14. Unemployment

15. Inequality in Earnings

16. The Labor-Market Effects of International Trade and Production Sharing

This dynamic and beautifully written textbook takes a modern and innovative approach to strategy by placing technology at its heart, bridging the gap between general strategy texts and specialist technology and innovation literature. It addresses the challenges and opportunities presented to organisations by disruptive technological change and takes into account the navigation of uncertain business environments. In addition to examining more established concepts and theories, the text also explores new disruptive business models and non-traditional approaches to strategy development such as effectuation, the Business Model Canvas and prediction logic. This comprehensive and critical approach is supported by a rich assortment of practical examples and cases drawn from different sectors and a range of exciting companies from all over the world, helping students and practitioners to apply theory to practice. This will be an essential core text for modules on technology strategy and innovation at upper undergraduate, postgraduate and MBA levels, and invaluable reading for senior executives and aspiring managers who seek to understand how to implement strategy in a volatile disruptive environment.

How do you tailor education to the learning needs of adults? Do they learn differently from children? How does their life experience inform their learning processes? These were the questions at the heart of Malcolm Knowles' pioneering theory of andragogy which transformed education theory in the 1970s. The resulting principles of a self-directed, experiential, problem-centred approach to learning have been hugely influential and are still the basis of the learning practices we use today. Understanding these principles is the cornerstone of increasing motivation and enabling adult learners to achieve. The 9th edition of The Adult Learner has been revised to include: Updates to the book to reflect the very latest advancements in the field. The addition of two new chapters on diversity and inclusion in adult learning, and andragogy and the online adult learner. An updated supporting website. This website for the 9th edition of The Adult Learner will provide basic instructor aids including a PowerPoint presentation for each chapter. Revisions throughout to make it more readable and relevant to your practices. If you are a researcher, practitioner, or student in education, an adult learning practitioner, training manager, or involved in human resource development, this is the definitive book in adult learning you should not be without.

Research Skills for Journalists is a comprehensive, engaging and highly practical guide to developing the varied skillset needed for producing well researched, quality journalism across a range of platforms.

Illustrated with original interviews and case studies, the book guides readers through a clear understanding of sources of news, as well as illustrating the skills needed to undertake successful digital and non-digital research and to conduct interviews for a variety of media. It examines the skills needed for basic data journalism and presents an in-depth exploration of the different research skills specific to producing print and online text, as well as those for broadcast and multimedia journalism.

Key research skills explored in the book include:

Developing digital research skills, including researching through search engines, messages boards, discussion groups and web forums, social media, apps, and using user generated content

Working with data, including sourcing, auditing and analysing data, data visualisation and understanding the importance of accuracy and context

Essential non-digital research skills, including telephone technique, using libraries and working with librarians, understanding copyright, working with picture libraries and research services, and producing freedom of information requests

Working directly with people to research stories, including the power of persuasion, tracking down great contributors, managing and protecting sources, planning and managing interviews, and interviewing vulnerable people

Researching for multimedia production of stories, including researching a radio story, podcast or video story, and planning for outside broadcasts.

Research Skills for Journalists also explores specialist research skills needed for working overseas and investigates new areas, which could be used for journalism research in the future.

The book is illustrated with original contributions by journalists from a variety of backgrounds; including veteran investigative journalist John Pilger, pioneering data journalist Simon Rogers and The Bureau of Investigative Journalism’s award-winning reporter Abigail Fielding-Smith. It is an invaluable guide for students and practitioners of journalism to the skills needed for finding and developing original news stories today.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2. Sources of News 3. Digital Research 4. Data Journalism 5. Non-Digital Research 6. People 7. Interviews 8. Research for Print and Text 9. Research for Broadcast and Multimedia 10. Working Overseas 11. The Future

This updated sixth edition of The Technique of Film and Video Editing provides a detailed, precise look at the artistic and aesthetic principles and practices of editing for both picture and sound. Ken Dancyger puts into context the storytelling choices an editor will have to make against a background of theory, history, and practice across a range of genres, including action, comedy, drama, documentary and experimental forms, featuring analysis of dozens of classic and contemporary films.

This new sixth edition includes new chapters on the influence of other media on the editing form, on the importance of surprise in editing, on the contributions of Robert Altman to the art of editing and on the experimental documentary. This edition also includes expanded coverage in technology, creative sound, point of view, and the long take. New case studies explore Whiplash (2014), Room (2015), Lincoln (2012), Tangerine (2015), The Beaches of Agnès (2008), American Sniper (2014), Son of Saul (2015), The Revenant (2015), and many more.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction to the Sixth Edition

Section 1: History of Film Editing

1. The Silent Period

2. The Early Sound Film

3. The Influence of the Documentary

4. The Influence of the Popular Arts

5. The Influence of Other Media

6. Editors Who Became Directors

7. Experiments in Editing I: Alfred Hitchcock

8. Experiments in Editing II

9. New Techniques

10. International Advances

11. The Influence of Television and Theatre

12. New Challenges to Filmic Narrative Conventions

13. The MTV Influence on Editing I

14. The MTV Influence on Editing II

15. Changes of Pace

16. Appropriation of Style I

17. Appropriation of Style II

18. Appropriation of Style III

Section 2: Goals of Editing

19. Editing for Narrative Clarity

20. Editing for Dramatic Emphasis

21. Editing for Subtext

22. Editing for Aesthetics

Section 3: Editing for the Genre

23. Action

24. Dialog

25. Comedy

26. Editing for Surprise

27. Documentary

28. Imaginative Documentary

29. Innovations in Documentary I

30. Innovations in Documentary II

31. Innovations in Documentary III: The Experimental Documentary

Section 4: Principles of Editing

32. The Picture Edit and Continuity

33. The Picture Edit and Pace

34. Ideas and Sound

35. The Sound Edit and Clarity

36. The Sound Edit and Creative Sound

37. Innovations of Sound

38. Nonlinear Editing and Digital Technology I

39. Nonlinear Editing and Digital Technology II

40. Conclusion

Filmography

Glossary

Index

From question development and research design to data collection and statistical analysis, this text guides the reader through every aspect of social research. Encouraging a critical approach in each chapter, this 4th edition includes enhanced coverage of internet sampling, mixed methods, conversation analysis and feminist research. Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/social-research-4e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Psychology and Work Today, 11th Edition is an exciting update of a well-loved textbook that introduces industrial and organizational psychology, explaining how industrial-organizational psychologists make work and working better.

This accessible and informative text explains how industrial-organizational psychologists help organizations hire the best people by designing tests and interviews that uncover the skills and abilities of applicants, make work better by removing or reducing safety issues and sources of stress so that personnel are motivated and able to perform to their abilities, and work with managers and leaders to be more effective at leading others. This book also describes how industrial-organizational psychologists work with organizations to embrace diversity in the workforce and celebrate the strengths that employees from many backgrounds bring to organizations. In addition, this text includes how psychologists help organizations to design the physical work environment to best suit employees, while other psychologists help organizations to market their products and services to consumers.

This text covers both the essential and traditional industrial-organizational psychology topic areas such as job analysis, employee selection, and work motivation as well as topic areas that are important in workplaces today such as stress and well-being, human factors, and preparing for jobs of the future. The chapter on consumer psychology remains unique to this textbook. This new edition includes coverage of employable skills desired by hiring managers and executives; the ways the highly publicized replicability crisis has affected the science and practice of I-O psychology; online and mobile employment testing; diversity and inclusion throughout the workplace, including microaggressions; preparing people and organizations for jobs of the future; incivility and harassment at work, including abusive supervision; safety climate and employee health; and advertising on social media and video games.

Including many illustrative examples of industrial-organizational psychology in real-world workplaces, the 11th Edition is thoroughly updated to include the latest theory, research, and practice on each key topic. Each chapter features defined key terms, a chapter outline, a chapter summary, review questions, annotated additional reading, and engaging Newsbreak sections. The book will be of interest to undergraduate students in introduction I-O psychology or psychology of work behaviour courses.

Table of Contents

Part One: The Practice of Industrial-Organizational Psychology

1 Principles, Practices, and Problems

2 Techniques, Tools, and Tactics

Part Two: The Development of Talent

3 Job Analysis and Job Performance

4 Psychological Employment Testing

5 Employee Selection Systems and Decisions

6 Performance Appraisal

7 Training and Development

Part Three: Organizational Psychology

8 Leadership

9 Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Job Involvement

10 The Organization of the Organization

Part Four: Characteristics of the Workplace

11 Working Conditions

12 Employee Safety and Health Issues

13 Stress in the Workplace

Part Five: Engineering Psychology

14 Engineering Psychology

Part Six: Consumer Psychology

15 Consumer Psychology

This colourful guide will introduce you to the fundamentals of horticulture, whether you are taking a Level 2 RHS, City and Guilds or BTEC course, are a keen amateur or seasoned gardener. Written in a clear and accessible style, this book covers the principles that underpin growing plants for the garden and on the allotment, with reference to how these are tackled by professionals. With highlighted definitions, key points, and illustrated in full colour, this book will be a useful companion as you progress in the study and practice of horticulture. Complete with a companion website which includes extended horticultural information, questions and exercises to test your knowledge, syllabus cross-referencing and downloadable tutor and student support materials. Available at www.routledge.com/adams

It is easy for newcomers to educational research to be confused by the wide range of terms used in the field and consequently for them to find it challenging to relate such terms to their own research and practice. This comprehensive guide consists of 120 concise but illuminative essays providing: - an explanation and definition of the term - alternative explanations and definitions of the term - the context in which it is used by educational researchers - exemplars as to how the term is used and used be used in practice - references to further literature - cross-references to other terms in the book.

The third edition of the hugely successful Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology incorporates important advances in the field to provide a reliable and accessible resource for clinical psychologists. Beginning with a set of general conceptual frameworks for practice, the book gives specific guidance on the management of problems commonly encountered in clinical work with children and adolescents drawing on the best practice in the fields of clinical psychology and family therapy. In six sections thorough and comprehensive coverage of the following areas is provided: Frameworks for practice Problems of infancy and early childhood Problems of middle childhood Problems of adolescence Child abuse Adjustment to major life transitions Thoroughly updated throughout, each chapter dealing with specific clinical problems includes cases examples and detailed discussion of diagnosis, classification, epidemiology and clinical features. New material includes the latest advances in: child and adolescent clinical psychology; developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology; assessment and treatment programmes. This book is invaluable as both a reference work for experienced practitioners and as an up-to-date, evidence-based practice manual for clinical psychologists in training. The Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology is one of a set of 3 books published by Routledge which includes The Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology: An Evidence Based Practice Approach, Second Edition (Edited by Carr & McNulty) and The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice (Edited by Alan Carr, Christine Linehan, Gary O'Reilly, Patricia Noonan Walsh and John McEvoy).

Now in a fifth edition, this bestselling introductory textbook remains the cornerstone volume for the study of second language acquisition (SLA). Its chapters have been fully updated, and reorganized where appropriate, to provide a comprehensive yet accessible overview of the field and its related disciplines. In order to reflect current developments, new sections and expanded discussions have been added.

The fifth edition of Second Language Acquisition retains the features that students found useful in previous editions. This edition provides pedagogical tools that encourage students to reflect upon the experiences of second language learners. As with previous editions, discussion questions and problems at the end of each chapter help students apply their knowledge, and a glossary defines and reinforces must-know terminology. This clearly written, comprehensive, and current textbook, by Susan Gass, Jennifer Behney, and Luke Plonsky, is the ideal textbook for an introductory SLA course in second language studies, applied linguistics, linguistics, TESOL, and/or language education programs.

This textbook is supported with a Companion Website containing instructor and student resources including PowerPoint slides, exercises, stroop tests, flashcards, audio and video links: https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781138743427/

Table of Contents

Part One: Preliminaries

Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 THE STUDY OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

1.2 DEFINITIONS

1.3 THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

1.3.1 Semantics

1.3.2 Pragmatics

1.3.3 Syntax

1.3.4 Morphology and the Lexicon

1.3.5 Sound Systems

1.4 THE NATURE OF NONNATIVE SPEAKER KNOWLEDGE

1.5 CONCLUSION

Chapter Two: Where Do Data Come From?

2.1 DATA TYPES

2.2 LEARNER CORPORA

2.3 DATA ELICITATION

2.3.1 Measuring General Proficiency

2.3.2 Measuring Nonlinguistic Information

2.3.3 Verbal Report Data

2.3.3.1 Think-Alouds

2.3.3.2 Stimulated Recall

2.3.3.3 Post-Production Interviews

2.3.4 Narrative Inquiry

2.3.5 Language-Elicitation Measures

2.3.5.1 Elicited Imitation

2.3.5.2 Judgments

2.3.5.3 Language Games

2.3.5.4 Discourse Completion

2.3.6 PROCESSING DATA

2.3.6.1 Reaction Time

2.3.6.2 Self-paced Reading

2.3.6.3 Eye-Tracking

2.3.6.4 Neurolinguistic Data

2.4 REPLICATION

2.5 META-ANALYSES

2.6 ISSUES IN DATA ANALYSIS

2.7 WHAT IS ACQUISITION?

2.8 CONCLUSION

Part Two: Historical Underpinnings of SLA Research

Chapter Three: The Role of the Native Language - A Historical Overview

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 BEHAVIORISM

3.2.1 Linguistic Background

3.2.2 Psychological Background

3.3 CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS HYPOTHESIS

3.4 ERROR ANALYSIS

3.5 CONCLUSION

Chapter Four: The Transition Period

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

4.2.1 Words

4.2.2 Sounds and Pronunciation

4.2.3 Syntax

4.2.4 Morphology

4.3 CHILD L2 ACQUISITION

4.4 CHILD L2 MORPHEME ORDER STUDIES

4.5 ADULT L2 MORPHEME ORDER STUDIES

4.6 THE MONITOR MODEL

4.6.1 The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis

4.6.2 The Natural Order Hypothesis

4.6.3 The Monitor Hypothesis

4.6.4 The Input Hypothesis

4.6.5 The Affective Filter Hypothesis

4.6.6 Limitations

4.7 CONCLUSION

Chapter Five: Alternative Approaches to the Role of Previously Known Languages

5.1 REVISED PERSPECTIVES ON THE ROLE OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGE

5.1.1 Avoidance

5.1.2 Differential Learning Rates

5.1.3 Different Paths

5.1.4 Overproduction

5.1.5 Predictability/Selectivity

5.1.6 L1 Influences in L2 Processing

5.1.7 Morpheme Order

5.2 CONCLUSION

Part Three: A Focus on Form - Language Universals

Chapter Six: Formal Approaches to SLA

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR

6.2.1 Initial State

6.2.1.1Fundamental Difference Hypothesis

6.2.1.2Access to UG Hypothesis

6.2.2 UG Principles

6.2.3 UG Parameters

6.2.4 Minimalist Program

6.2.5 Falsification

6.3 TRANSFER: THE GENERATIVE/UG PERSPECTIVE

6.3.1 Levels of Representation

6.3.2 Clustering

6.3.3 Learnability

6.4 THE FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE HYPOTHESIS REVISED

6.5 SEMANTICS AND THE SYNTAX–SEMANTICS INTERFACE HYPOTHESIS

6.5.1 Semantics

6.5.2 Syntax and Semantics: The Interface Hypothesis

6.6 PHONOLOGY

6.6.1 Markedness Differential Hypothesis

6.6.2 Similarity/Dissimilarity: Speech Learning Model

6.6.3 Optimality Theory

6.6.4 Ontogeny Phylogeny Model

6.7 CONCLUSION

Chapter Seven: Typological Approaches

7.1 TYPOLOGICAL UNIVERSALS

7.1.1 Test Case I: The Accessibility Hierarchy

7.1.2 Test Case II: The Acquisition of Questions

7.1.3 Test Case III: Voiced/Voiceless Consonants

7.2 FALSIFIABILITY

7.3 TYPOLOGICAL UNIVERSALS: CONCLUSION

7.4 TYPOLOGICAL PRIMACY MODEL

7.5 THE ROLE OF THE L1: THREE APPROACHES

7.6 CONCLUSION: GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT UNIVERSALS

Part Four: A Focus on Meaning

Chapter Eight: Meaning-based Approaches

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 FUNCTIONAL APPROACHES

8.2.1 The Relationship between Form and Function: Form-to-Function

8.2.2 Concept-oriented Approach

8.3 TENSE AND ASPECT: THE ASPECT HYPOTHESIS

8.4 THE DISCOURSE HYPOTHESIS

8.5 CONCLUSION

Chapter Nine: The Lexicon

9.1 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEXICON

9.2 LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE: WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO KNOW A WORD?

9.2.1 Production and Reception

9.2.2 Knowledge and Control

9.2.3 Breadth and Depth

9.2.4 Subcategorization

9.2.5 Word Associations and Networks

9.2.6 Word Formation

9.2.7 Formulaic Language, Collocations, and Chunking

9.2.7.1 Use of Multiword Units

9.2.7.2 Learning of Multiword Units

9.2.7.3 Processing of Multiword Units

9.3 INFLUENCES ON L2 VOCABULARY AND DEVELOPMENT

9.3.1 The Role of the L1

9.3.2 Incidental Vocabulary Learning

9.3.2.1 Input Type

9.3.2.2 What Helps Learning?

9.3.3 Depth of Processing

9.3.4 Incremental Vocabulary Learning

9.4 USING LEXICAL SKILLS

9.4.1 Production

9.4.2 Perception

9.5 CONCLUSION

Part Five: Cognitive and Processing Approaches to SLA

Chapter Ten: Psycholinguistic Approaches to Learning

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 MODELS OF LANGUAGE PRODUCTION

10.3 PROCESSABILITY THEORY

10.4 PROCESSING OF INPUT

10.4.1 Input Processing

10.4.2 Processing Determinism

10.4.3 Autonomous Induction Theory

10.4.4 Shallow Structure Hypothesis

10.5 EMERGENTIST MODELS

10.5.1 Competition Model

10.5.2 Frequency-based Accounts

10.6 COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

10.7 SKILL ACQUISITION THEORY

10.8 CONCLUSION

Chapter Eleven: Psycholinguistic Constructs and Knowledge Types

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 INFORMATION PROCESSING

11.2.1 Automaticity

11.2.2 Restructuring

11.2.3 U-shaped Learning

11.2.4 Attention

11.2.5 Working Memory

11.2.6. Salience

11.2.7 Priming

11.3 KNOWLEDGE TYPES

11.3.1 Acquisition/Learning

11.3.2 Declarative/Procedural

11.3.3 Implicit/Explicit

11.3.4 Representation/Control

11.4 INTERFACE OF KNOWLEDGE TYPES

11.4.1 No Interface

11.4.2 Weak Interface

11.4.3 Strong Interface

11.5 CONCLUSION

Part Six: The Social Environment of Learning

Chapter Twelve: Interlanguage in Context

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACHES

12.2.1 Mediation

12.2.2 Internalization

12.2.3 Zone of Proximal Development

12.2.4 Private Speech

12.2.5 Learning in a Sociocultural Framework

12.2.6 Gesture and SLA

12.3 SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION

12.4 SYSTEMATIC VARIATION

12.4.1 Linguistic Context

12.4.2 Social Context Relating to the Native Language

12.4.3 Social Context Relating to Interlocutor, Task Type, and Conversational Topic

12.4.4 Sociolinguistic Norms

12.5 CONVERSATION ANALYSIS

12.6 COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

12.7 L2 PRAGMATICS

12.8 CONCLUSION: SLA AND OTHER DISCIPLINES

Chapter Thirteen: Input, Interaction, and Output

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 INPUT

13.3 COMPREHENSION

13.4 INTERACTION

13.5 OUTPUT

13.5.1 Hypothesis Testing

13.5.2 Automaticity

13.5.3 Meaning-based to Grammar-Based Processing

13.6. Feedback

13.6.1 Negotiation

13.6.2 Corrective Feedback

13.6.2.1 Recasts

13.6.2.2 Elicitation

13.6.2.3 Metalinguistic Feedback

13.7 THE ROLE OF INPUT AND INTERACTION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

13.7.1 The Functions of Input and Interaction

13.7.2 Effectiveness of Feedback

13.7.2.1 Attention

13.7.2.2 Contrast Theory

13.7.2.3 Metalinguistic Awareness

13.7.3 Who Benefits From Interaction: When and Why?

13.8 LIMITATIONS OF INPUT

13.9 CONCLUSION

Chapter Fourteen: Contexts of Language Learning - Classrooms, Study Abroad, and Technology

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.2 CLASSROOM-BASED INSTRUCTION

14.2.1 Classroom Language

14.2.2 Teachability/Learnability

14.2.3 Focus on Form and Task-based Language Teaching

14.2.3.1 Timing

14.2.3.2 Forms to Focus On

14.2.3.3 Task Design

14.2.3.4 Input Manipulation and Input Enhancement

14.3 COMPLEXITY, ACCURACY, FLUENCY, AND PLANNING

14.4 PROCESSING INSTRUCTION

14.5 UNIQUENESS OF INSTRUCTION

14.6 EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTION

14.7 SLA AND CLASSROOM PRACTICES

14.8 ADDITIONAL CONTEXTS

14.8.1 Study Abroad

14.8.2 Technology-enhanced Language Learning

14.9 CONCLUSION

Part Seven: The Individual Language Learner

Chapter Fifteen: Learner-internal Influences

15.1 INTRODUCTION

15.2 THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN SLA

15.3 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

15.4 AGE DIFFERENCES

15.5 APTITUDE

15.6 MOTIVATION

15.6.1 Motivation as a Function of Time and Success

15.6.2 Changes over Time

15.6.3 The L2 Motivational Self System

15.6.4 Influence of Success on Motivation and Demotivation

15.7 AFFECT

15.7.1 Anxiety

15.7.2 Other Emotional Variables

15.8 PERSONALITY

15.8.1 Extroversion and Introversion

15.8.2 Grit

15.9 LEARNING STRATEGIES

15.10 CONCLUSION

Chapter Sixteen: Related Disciplines - A Focus on the Multilingual and Multimodal Learner

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.2 BILINGUAL ACQUISITION

16.3 THIRD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION/MULTILINGUALISM

16.4 HERITAGE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

16.5 SLA BY THE DEAF/HARD OF HEARING

16.6 CONCLUSION

Part Eight: Conclusion

Chapter Seventeen: An Integrated View of Second Language Acquisition

17.1 AN INTEGRATION OF SUB-AREAS

17.1.1 Apperceived Input

17.1.2 Comprehended Input

17.1.3 Intake

17.1.4 Integration

17.1.5 Output

17.2 CONCLUSION

In order to fully understand the evolution and future growth of economic systems, we must draw on the lessons of economic history. The 2008 Financial Crisis, for example, mirrored past economic meltdowns with uncanny accuracy. Just like the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Savings and Loan Crisis of the 1980s, it featured deregulated lenders taking incredible risks with other people’s money. Historical analysis is crucial to understanding trends and patterns that can help us predict the future.

This text presents a ground-breaking, pluralistic introduction to economic history and the history of economic thought. Tracing the development of economic systems and economic thought, the text introduces students to the story from ancient times to contemporary capitalism, and also its critics. Focusing in particular on Smith, Marx, Veblen, and Keynes, the text encourages students to consider which ideas and systems are still relevant in the modern world. This book can be used as a standalone text for relevant classes or as a supplement in any principles course.

Table of Contents

PART I: Economics: A pluralistic definition. 1. What is economics? 2. Scarcity, opportunity cost, and choice. PART II: The evolution of economic ideas and systems. 3. The evolution of pre-capitalist economic systems. 4. Adam Smith and the rise of capitalism. 5. Karl Marx and the dark age of capitalism. 6. Thorstein Veblen and monopoly capitalism. 7. Keynes and mixed market capitalism. 8. Modern economic systems.

Construction for Interior Designers is a highly readable, comprehensive and informative text proving all the technical information required. The second edition has been fully updated to reflect the 1991 amendments if the 1985 Building Regulations and includes a new chapter on environmental issues affecting construction. Important concepts are explained from first principles with three-dimensional diagrams and informative tables. No previous knowledge of the subject is assumed.

Table of Contents

Preface 1. Structural Principles 2. External Structure : Foundations and Walls 3. Roofs and Floors 4. Work to Existing Buildings 5. Internal Structure 6. Internal Furnishings and Fittings 7. Structural Materials: Timber, Metals, Concrete and Plastics 8. Internal Finishes and Materials 9. Environmental Issues Bibliography Index

Considered an essential resource by many in the field, Diving and Subaquatic Medicine remains the leading text on diving medicine, written to fulfil the requirements of any general physician wishing to advise their patients appropriately when a diving trip is planned, for those accompanying diving expeditions or when a doctor is required to assess and treat anyone who has been involved in a diving accident.

For this fifth edition the original author, Carl Edmonds, is joined by a new team of collaborators and the content has been entirely refreshed and updated throughout. Clinical cases, a feature popular with readers, are expanded, as is the illustrative content. Established and emerging diseases of diving medicine are all covered in full, as is the latest in types of diving, including free and indigenous diving, and associated equipment. Each medical disorder is discussed from a historical, etiological, clinical, pathological, preventative and therapeutic perspective in the informative and accessible style that has made previous editions so popular.

Table of Contents

Diving. Dysbaric Diseases: Barotraumas. Decompression Sickness. Abnormal Gas Pressures. Aquatic Disorders: The Drowning Syndromes. Other Aquatic Disorders. Specific Diving Diseases. The Diving Accident. Medical Standards for Diving. Specialized Divnig and Its Problems. Related Subject. Appendices: Decompression Tables. US Navy Recompression Therapy Tables. Recompression Therapy Options. Diving Medical Library. Diving Medical Training. Diving Medical Organizations and Contacts.

Most of us find ourselves listening to other people's problems at some time or another - either our friends' or, in the course of our work, patients, pupils, clients, colleagues. This book, written clearly in user friendly language, takes the reader step by step through a range of skills to help them become a better listener, communicator and helper in their everyday lives, progressing from inviting the person to talk to ending a helping conversation. Using plenty of examples, tips, exercises and sample conversations, the authors show how the skills described can be easily learned and can fit comfortably into everyday life. This book is essential reading for everyone interested in improving their communication and helping skills as well as those students taking introductory courses in counselling and counselling skills. KATHERYN GELDARD is a Child and Family Therapist and a visiting lecturer at the Queensland University of Technology, Australia. DAVID GELDARD is a Counselling Psychologist. Together they are the authors of several books on counselling. They jointly manage a counselling practice where they specialise in working with children, adolescents, and their families. They also run training programmes for helping professionals who wish to enhance their counselling skills.

This authoritative, reader-friendly text presents core principles of good map design that apply regardless of production methods or technical approach. The book addresses the crucial questions that arise at each step of making a map: Who is the audience? What is the purpose of the map? Where and how will it be used? Students get the knowledge needed to make sound decisions about data, typography, color, projections, scale, symbols, and nontraditional mapping and advanced visualization techniques.

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Pedagogical Features:

*Over 200 illustrations (also available at the companion website as PowerPoint slides), including 23 color plates

*Suggested readings at the end of each chapter.

*Recommended Web resources.

*Instructive glossary

Table of Contents

I. Map Design

1. Introduction

2. Planning and Composition

3. Text Material and Typography

4. Color in Cartographic Design

II. Geographic and Cartographic Framework

5. Scale, Compilation, and Generalization

6. The Earth's Graticule and Projections

III. Symbolization

7. Basics of Symbolization

8. Symbolizing Geographic Data

9. Multivariate Mapping

IV. Nontraditional Mapping

10. Cartograms and Diagrams

11. Continuity and Change in the Computer Era

V. Critique of Maps

12. Putting It All Together

Appendix A. Commonly Used Projections

Appendix B. Resources

Appendix C. Glossary

Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students.

Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries and key readings – all in the same volume. The innovative and flexible ‘two-dimensional’ structure is built around four sections – introduction, development, exploration and extension – which offer self-contained stages for study. Each topic can also be read across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained.

Introducing English Language:

• is the foundational book in the Routledge English Language Introductions series, providing an accessible introduction to the English language
• contains newly expanded coverage of morphology, updated and revised exercises, and an extended Further Reading section
• comprehensively covers key disciplines of linguistics such as historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, as well as core areas in language study including acquisition, standardisation and the globalisation of English
• uses a wide variety of real texts and images from around the world, including a Monty Python sketch, excerpts from novels such as Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, and news items from Metro and the BBC
• provides updated classic readings by the key names in the discipline, including Guy Cook, Andy Kirkpatrick and Zoltán Dörnyei
• is accompanied by a website with extra activities, project ideas for each unit, suggestions for further reading, links to essential English language resources, and course templates for lecturers

Written by two experienced teachers and authors, this accessible textbook is an essential resource for all students of the English language and linguistics.