The seventh edition of Strategic Planning for Public Relations maintains its status as a leading text to guide students in developing successful public relations campaigns.

Deborah Silverman and Ronald Smith bring their experience as instructors and public relations professionals to the book, providing clear, step-by-step guidance on how to plan and implement strategic communications campaigns. This new edition includes diverse examples of current cases along with classic cases that stand the test of time. It includes new “Ethics Minutes” scenarios in each step, a new research step, and examples of award-winning public relations campaigns. It also significantly increases information on social media and features a reformatting of the tactics step into four separate parts based on the PESO model (paid media, earned media, shared media, and owned media).

As a leader in teaching public relations strategy, this text is ideal for students in upper division undergraduate and graduate courses in public relations strategy and campaigns.

Complementing the book are online resources for both students and instructors. For students: step overviews, useful links to professional organizations and resources, checklists for the ten steps in the planning process, and two sample campaigns. For instructors: an instructors’ manual, PowerPoint slides, sample syllabi, a critique evaluation worksheet, and checklists for the ten steps in the planning process. For these online resources, please visit www.routledge.com/9781032391168 .

Table of Contents

Preface

Who Uses This Textbook?

New to This Seventh Edition

Online Resources for Faculty and Students

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Introduction

Structure of This Book

Public Relations as Part of Management

Strategic Communication

Integrated Communication

Public Relations

Marketing Communication

Merging Communication Functions

Controversy about Integrated Communication

Benefits of Ethical Public Relations

Public Relations in the Public Interest

Advertising

PESO (Paid, Earned, Shared, and Owned Media)

Paid Media

Earned Media

Shared Media

Owned Media

Blending Categories

Step-by-Step Planning

Phase One: Formative Research

Phase Two: Strategy

Phase Three: Tactics

Phase Four: Evaluative Research

Effective Creativity

Roadmap to Success

Works Cited

Phase One: Formative Research

Step 1. Analyzing the Situation

Public Relations Situation

Learning From Research

Best Practice

Finding Consensus

Communicating with Clients

Issues Management

Risk Management

Crisis Management

Reputation Management

Ethics and Public Relations

Ethical Shortcomings

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 1: Analyzing the Situation

Checklist 1: Public Relations Situation

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 2. Choosing Research Methods

Can I Do My Own Research?

Research Ethics

Ethical Treatment of People

Ethical Use of Research Data

Sampling

Nonprobability Sampling

Probability Sampling

Sampling Error and Sample Size

Primary Research and Secondary Research

Secondary Research

Secondary Information Sources

Primary Research

Surveys

Focus Groups

Interviews

Content Analysis

Closing Thoughts about Research

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 2: Choosing Research Methods

Checklist 2: Research Methods

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 3. Analyzing the Organization

Structure of Organizations

Situation Analysis

Internal Environment

Public Perception

Promoting Perception

External Environment

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 3: Analyzing the Organization

Checklist 3A: Internal Environment

Checklist 3B: Public Perception

Checklist 3C: External Environment

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 4. Analyzing the Publics

Public

Public, Market, Audience, Stakeholder

Interrelationships

Characteristics of Publics

Categories of Publics

Intercessory Public

Opinion Leader

Vocal Activist

Key Public

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Public Relations

Planning Example 4A: Identifying Publics

Checklist 4A: Publics

Analyzing Key Publics

Stage of Development

Characteristics of Key Publics

Stereotype

Native American Stereotype

Arab Americans and American Muslims

Italian American Stereotype

Asian American Stereotype

LGBTQ Stereotype

Cultural Context

Rethinking Your Publics

Benefit Statement

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 4B: Analyzing Key Publics

Checklist 4B: Key Publics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Two: Strategy

Step 5. Creating Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Positioning

Research for Positioning

Ethics of Positioning

Goal

Objective

Elements of Objectives

Hierarchy of Objectives

Developing Objectives

Writing Objectives

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 5: Creating Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Checklist 5: Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Notes

Works Cited

Step 6. Choosing Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Proactive Strategy

Reactive Strategy

Proactive Strategy 1: Action

Organizational Performance

Audience Engagement

Special Event

Alliance, Coalition, Partnership

Sponsorship

Strategic Philanthropy

Corporate Social Responsibility

Volunteerism

Activism

Proactive Strategy 2: Communication

Publicity

Newsworthy Information

Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News

Generating News

Celebrity Endorsements

Congressional Testimony

News Peg

Transparent Communication

Transparency about Public Health: COVID-19 Communication

Reactive Public Relations Strategies

Reactive Strategy 1: Preemptive Action

Prebuttal

Reactive Strategy 2: Offensive Response

Attack

Embarrassment

Shock

Threat

Doubledown

Reactive Strategy 3: Defensive Response

Denial

Excuse

Justification

Strategic Reversal

Reactive Strategy 4: Diversionary Response

Concession

Ingratiation

Disassociation

Relabeling

Reactive Strategy 5: Vocal Commiseration

Concern

Condolence

Regret

Apology

Reactive Strategy 6: Rectifying Behavior

Investigation

Corrective Action

Restitution

Repentance

Reactive Strategy 7: Deliberate Inaction

Strategic Silence

Strategic Ambiguity

Strategic Inaction

Weighing Options and Making Ethical Judgments

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 6: Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Checklist 6: Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 7. Developing the Message Strategy

Communication Process

Information: Flow of Communication

Persuasion: Attempt to Influence

Dialogue: Quest for Understanding

Rhetorical Tradition of Persuasive Communication

Ethos: Message Source

Credibility: Power to Inspire

Charisma: Power of Personal Charm

Control: Power of Command

Organizational Spokespeople

Celebrity Spokesperson

Company Spokesperson

Spokespeople and Ethics

Paid Endorsements

Planning Example 7A: Selecting Message Source

Checklist 7A: Message Source

Logos: Appeal to Reason

Verbal Evidence

Visual Supporting Evidence

Errors of Logic

Statistics

Pathos: Appeal to Sentiment

Positive Emotional Appeal

Negative Emotional Appeal

Planning Example 7B: Determining Message Appeal

Checklist 7B: Message Appeal

Verbal Communication

Message Structure

Message Content

Nonverbal Communication

Kinesics (Body Language)

Oculesics (Eye Contact)

Proxemics (Social Space)

Haptics (Touching)

Vocalics (Language Cues)

Chronemics (Timing)

Visual and Aural Communication

Symbol

Logo

Physical Artifact

Clothing

People

Mascot

Color

Music

Language

Branding the Strategic Message

Language of Branding

Lessons about Branding

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 7C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Checklist 7C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Three: Tactics

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 1: Owned Media

The PESO Model

Owned Media Tactics

Strategy for Owned Media

Digital Media

Electronic Media

Interpersonal Communication

Print and Online Publications

Direct Mail

Ethics Minute

What's Next?

Planning Example 8A: Selecting Owned Media Tactics

Checklist 8A: Owned Media Tactics

Answer Key for Ethics Minute

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 2 – Earned Media

Earned Media Tactics

Strategy for Earned Media

News Media Theories and Public Relations

Television

Radio

News Blog

Newspapers

Magazines

Public Relations and Earned Media

Direct News Subsidy

Indirect News Subsidy

Opinion Subsidy

Interactive Media Engagement

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8B: Selecting Earned Media Tactics

Checklist 8B: Earned Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 3 – Shared Media

Shared Media Tactics

Strategy for Shared Media

Social Networking Sites

Microblogs

Video and Photo Sharing

Livestreaming

Disappearing Content Formats

Instant Messaging

Discussion Forums

Social Audio Platforms

Wikis

Closed/Private Community Groups

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8C: Selecting Shared Media Tactics

Checklist 8C: Shared Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 4 – Paid Media

Paid Media

Strategy for Paid Media

Digital Media Advertising

Television and Radio Advertising

Print Advertising

Out-of-Home Advertising

Promotional Items

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8D: Selecting Paid Media Tactics

Checklist 8D: Paid Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 9. Implementing the Strategic Plan

Packaging Communication Tactics

Thinking Creatively

Putting the Program Together

Planning Example 9A: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Checklist 9A: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Campaign Plan Book

Campaign Schedule

Frequency of Tactics

Timeline of Tasks

Campaign Budget

Budget Items

Approaches to Budgeting

Fixed Budget

Variable Budget

Full-Cost Budgeting

Optimal Success

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 9B: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Checklist 9B: Strategic Plan

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Four: Evaluative Research

Step 10. Evaluating the Strategic Plan

What to Evaluate

Design Questions

Methods of Evaluative Research

Evaluation Criteria

When to Evaluate

Approaches to Research Design

Factors in Evaluation Design

How to Evaluate

Judgmental Assessment

Communication Outputs

Evaluating Awareness Objectives

Evaluating Acceptance Objectives

Evaluating Action Objectives

Data Analysis

Ultimate Evaluation: Value-Added Public Relations

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 10: Evaluating the Strategic Plan

Checklist 10: Evaluation Plan

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Appendix A. Media Engagement

Reputation

Reputation and Performance

Reputation as a Strategic Tool

Reputation Management

Reputation and News Media

Reputation as a Participant Activity

Headlines and Bottom Lines

Media Relations

Media Relations…from the Media Side

Media Relations…from the Organization Side

Media Relations…from Both Sides

Reputational Bumps and Bruises

Points for Consideration

Credibility

Interview Setting

If You Are Asked for an Interview

Dress for Interview Success

Interview Posture

Interview Planning

Preparing for an Interview

Be-Attitudes for Interview Success

Interview Attitude

Communicating during an Interview

Problem Interviews

After an Interview

Appendix B. Crisis Communication

Types of Crises

Sudden vs Smoldering Crises

Crisis Strategy

Crisis Messaging

Preparing for Crises

Appendix C. Example of a Content Analysis

Example of a Content Analysis

Appropriate Topic

Population and Sample

Unit of Analysis

Mechanics of Study

Data Reporting

Data Analysis

Recommendations

Glossary

Index







/

Practical Recording Techniques covers all aspects of recording, perfect for beginning and intermediate recording engineers, producers, musicians, and audio enthusiasts. Filled with tips and shortcuts, this hands-on, practical guide gives advice on equipping a home studio (whether low-budget or advanced) and suggestions for set-up, acoustics, effects, choosing mics and monitor speakers, and preventing hum. This best-selling guide also instructs how to mike instruments and vocals, judge recordings and improve them, work with MIDI and loops, do mastering, and put your music on the web. Two chapters cover live recording of classical and popular music.

New in the seventh edition:

Complete update of all types of recording equipment, plug-ins, and recording software

Increased focus on current industry and classroom trends like DAW signal flow and operation (during recording and mixdown), while still covering analog fundamentals

Updated organization to focus and break up topics

Updated tips on optimizing your computer for multitrack recording – for both Windows and Mac

New sections on streaming audio, mobile-device recording, live recording with digital consoles, and psychoacoustics

Listen Online boxes highlight where audio samples on the website relate to chapter discussions

Updated companion website with audio examples, articles, and suggested activities, plus expanded and more user-friendly links to the best sites for videos and articles, recording techniques, equipment, and other learning resources. Instructors can download figures from the book, the audio files, and a test bank

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1: A Basic Overview of the Recording Process

CHAPTER 2: Sound and Psychoacoustics

CHAPTER 3: Studio Acoustics

CHAPTER 4: Signal Characteristics of Audio Devices

CHAPTER 5: Equipping Your Studio

CHAPTER 6: Monitoring

CHAPTER 7: Microphones

CHAPTER 8: Microphone Technique Basics

CHAPTER 9: Microphone Techniques for Instruments and Vocals

CHAPTER 10: Equalization (EQ)

CHAPTER 11: Effects and Signal Processors

CHAPTER 12: Mixers and Mixing Consoles

CHAPTER 13: Digital Audio

CHAPTER 14: Computer Recording

CHAPTER 15: DAW Signal Flow

CHAPTER 16: DAW Operation

CHAPTER 17: Judging Sound Quality with Critical Listening

CHAPTER 18: MIDI and Loops

CHAPTER 19: Session Procedures

CHAPTER 20: Mastering and CD Burning

CHAPTER 21: On-Location Recording of Popular Music

CHAPTER 22: On-Location Recording of Classical Music

CHAPTER 23: Web Audio, Streaming, and Online Collaboration

APPENDIX A: dB or Not dB

APPENDIX B: Optimizing Your Computer for Multitrack Recording

APPENDIX C: Impedance

APPENDIX D: Phantom Power Explained

APPENDIX E: Legacy Recording Devices

AUDIO GLOSSARY

INDEX

This text is among the first to reveal the intricacies of an airline’s Operations Control Centre; especially the thought processes, information flows, and strategies taken to mitigate disruptions.

Airline Operations Control provides a deep level of description, explanation and detail into the activities of a range of highly professional and expert staff managing the ‘sharp’ end of the airline. It aims to fill a void as little is understood about this area, and very little is written for practitioners in the airline business. The book offers a comprehensive look at the make-up of the Operations Centre, its component sections, and the processes that occur both in preparing for and executing the current day’s schedules. Several chapters provide real-life scenarios and demonstrate how Operations Centres manage evolving situations – what they need to take into account, and how they need to have Plan B and Plan C ready when things don’t go right.

This book is designed to deliver knowledge gains to both new and experienced aviation industry practitioners with regards to vital operational aspects. Additionally, it also offers students of air transport management a readily accessible and real-world-perspective guide to a crucial function present within every airline.

Table of Contents

Part I: Operations Function 1: Operations Control 2: Composition of the IOC 3: Operational Planning and Preparation 4: Operational Processes Part II: Operational Control in Practice 5: Scenario based Information Flows 6: Weather Scenario: Snow at JFK Airport 7: Weather Scenario: Thunderstorms at SYD Airport 8: Multi-Engineering Scenario: Unserviceabilities in the Network 9: Operations Control in the Future

Risk Management for Events is a comprehensive and practical guide that supports academic and professional development programs to prepare individuals for entering or advancement in the international events industry.

Events of all types are produced every day for all manner of purposes, attracting all sorts of people. Creating and managing the environment in which these people will gather carries with it awesome responsibilities — legal, ethical, and financial. To provide a safe and secure setting and to operate in a manner that ensures that the hosting organizations or individuals achieve their objectives in a proper and profitable way, event risk management must be fully integrated into all event plans and throughout the event management process.

This new edition has been revised and updated to include:

New case studies and examples from a wide range of international destinations and different types of events.

Updated statistics and data throughout.

New content on emergent risk, on-site decision-making, terrorism, and public health, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and corruption within events.

Updated online material, including a case study archive and weblinks to useful resources.

This will be an invaluable resource for all those studying events management.

Table of Contents

About the authors

Series preface

Preface to this edition

List of figures

List of tables

Part One: Understanding risk management

1. The role of risk management for events

Introduction

Risk, management, and risk management

The role and scope of events

The role and scope of event management

The integration of risk management and event management

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

Case study

2. The risk management process, tools, and techniques

Introduction

The risk management process

The tools and techniques for effective risk management

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Key terminology

Discussion Topic: Fat Tail Risk and Events

Exercise

Part Two: The scope of risk management

3. Legal and ethical compliance

Introduction

Legal responsibility

Contracts and other legal documents

Statutory and regulatory obligations

Event-specific legislation

Compliance management

Ethical issues

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Key terminology

4. Health and safety

Introduction

Life safety codes

Public health issues

Occupational health and safety

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

Research Exercise

5. Loss prevention, corruption, and security

Introduction

Loss prevention

Contingency and continuity planning

Corruption

Risk financing and insurance

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

Case study: The Long Spoon

6. Emergency preparedness

Introduction

Emergency management

Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Evacuations

Medical emergencies

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

Part Three: Organizational safeguards

7. Administrative safeguards

Introduction

Time management

Financial management

Human resources management

Procurement management

Systems management

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

8. Communications

Introduction

Communications management

Information management

Stakeholder management

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

9. Marketing issues

Introduction

Marketing plan

Promotions

Public relations

Sponsorship management

Sales activities

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

Part Four: Operational safeguards

10. Program design

Introduction

Designing the experience

Designing the environment

Food and beverage service

Entertainment

Production elements

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

11. Site management

Introduction

Site selection

Site planning and development

Infrastructure management

Managing the logistics

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

12. Attendee and crowd management

Introduction

Attendee and participant management

Crowd management and security

Attendee care and comfort

Summary

Chapter review challenge

Practical risk management exercise

Key terminology

Part Five: Appendices

Appendix A: Event concept worksheet

Appendix B: Risk register worksheet

Appendix C: Site inspection checklist

Appendix D: Security plan worksheet

Appendix E: Sample instructions for security personnel

Appendix F: Emergency plan worksheet

Appendix G: Disaster preparedness supply kits

Appendix H: Sample change order form

Appendix I: Radio protocol

Appendix J: Sample contact list

Appendix K: Sample incident report form

Appendix L: Stakeholder analysis worksheet

Appendix M: Site plan worksheet

Bibliography

Index /

Basic Ethics presents for a wide range of students and other interested readers the questions raised in thinking about ethical problems, the answers offered by moral philosophy, and the means to better integrate into both the reader’s world and personal life. It takes up what the author calls a "worldview theory," which shows readers how to begin with the values and understanding of the world that they already possess in order to transition from there to new levels of increasing ethical awareness. Updates to the third edition include the more thorough integration of feminist ethics into the principal theoretical traditions, a new chapter on the ethical responsibility to be well informed of current events, expanded coverage of human rights, and additional opportunities on how to use ethical reasoning in thinking about one’s own life and about public policy.

Key Features:

Links personal values to a philosophical treatment of the major ethical theories

Presents ethics in the context of social/political issues that face our nation and the world

Challenges the student to react to the presented material through critical exercises that may be used as weekly assignments and can form the basis of class discussion and evaluation.

Engages the student to think about underlying issues first (in the basic questions) before presenting the most popular solutions (in the basic answers)

Invites the reader to make up her own mind on how to formulate an ethical theory that will help her in her own life

Offers a 16-chapter format to fit into most college-semester calendars

Presents an overall structure that establishes foundational problems in ethical theory in the first section of the book that are variously addressed by the different ethical theories in the second section of the book

Highlights key terms to help the reader grapple with issues raised (which are reviewed and defined in a final Glossary)

Includes a final chapter designed to help students comprehend the book in its entirety.

Updates to the Third Edition:

Highlights new research on human rights and their relevance to ethical thinking and contemporary moral issues

Integrates feminist ethics into the principal theoretical traditions: virtue ethics, ethical intuitionism, and some versions of deontology

Provides new coverage of "fake news" and the moral responsibility to be well and accurately informed of current events

Expands opportunities to use ethical reasoning in thinking about one’s own life and about public policy.

Table of Contents

Part I: The Basic Questions

1. Living in a World of Values

I. Who We Are and What Do We Value?

II.What Is Ethics?

III.The Individual: Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics

IV. The Society: Social and Political Ethics

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

2. Personal Worldview and Community Worldview

I. The Normative Nature of Worldview

II. Personal Worldview

III. Community Worldview

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

3. The Ethical Duty to Be Knowledgeable about Your World

I. Epistemology and Action Theory

II. Living in Community and the Obligation to Be an Active Member

III. What Are Facts and What Is Opinion?

IV. Facts and Decision Making

V. How to Ferret out Facts from Propaganda

VI. Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive Logic

Conclusion

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

4. Relativism

I. Cultural Relativism

II. Moral Relativism

III. What Is at Stake?

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

5. Egoism

I. Introduction

II. Psychological Egoism

III. Ethical Egoism

IV. Egoism and Altruism

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

6. Are People Good or Bad?

I. Introduction

II. Humans Are Bad

III. Humans Are Good

IV. What Difference Does It Make?

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

7. Morality and Religion

I. Introduction

II. The Origin of the Problem

III. Absolute Good

IV. Divine Command Theory

V. An Ethics with and without Religion

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

8. Feminist Ethics

I. Introduction

II. Gender: Are Men and Women Different?

III. Care and Justice

IV. Race: What Is Race and Why Is It an Issue?

V. Opportunity and Desert

V. Where Does Feminist Ethics Find a Home in Traditional Theories?

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

Part II: The Basic Answers

9. It’s All about Your Intuition: Ethical Intuitionism

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem this Theory Addresses

III. The Argument for the Theory

IV. The Argument against the Theory

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

10. It’s All about Your Attitude: Ethical Non-Cognitivism

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem this Theory Addresses

III. The Argument for the Theory

IV. The Argument against the Theory

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

11. It’s All about Freely Made Agreements: Ethical Contractarianism

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem this Theory Addresses

III. The Argument for the Theory

IV. The Argument against the Theory

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

12. It’s all About Your Character: Virtue Ethics

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem this Theory Addresses

III. The Argument for the Theory

IV. The Argument against the Theory

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

13. It’s all About the Team: Utilitarianism

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem this Theory Addresses

III. The Argument for the Theory

IV. The Argument against the Theory

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

14. It’s all About Your Duty: Deontology

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem this Theory Addresses

III. The Argument for the Theory

IV. The Argument against the Theory

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

Part III: Putting it All Together

15. Human Rights

I. Snapshot

II. Supporting Human Rights via Traditional Theories

III. Ethical Realism and Anti-Realism and Human Rights

IV. Ethical Intuitionism and Human Rights

V. Ethical Non-Cognitivism and Human Rights

VI. Ethical Contractarianism and Human Rights

VII. Virtue Ethics and Human Rights

VIII. Utilitarianism and Human Rights

IX. Deontology and Human Rights

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

16. Formulating Your Own Answers

I. Snapshot

II. The Problem

III. The Topography of Theory Evaluation

IV. How to Choose an Ethical Theory

V. Applying Ethical Theory to Contemporary Social/Political Problems

VI. Applying Ethical Theory to Personal Life Decisions

Key Terms

End of Chapter Exercise

Notes

Glossary

The fifth edition of The Process of Economic Development offers a thorough and up-to-date treatment of development economics. It has been extensively revised throughout, reflecting the most recent developments in research and incorporating the latest empirical data, as well as key theoretical advances and many new topics. The world has seen vast economic growth in China, economic transformation in India, new challenges in Latin America, rapid economic progress in Southeast Asia, and the deepening impact of environmental issues such as climate change. This new edition addresses all these critical issues as well as the pivotal role of the state, where China’s capacity is contrasted with that of African states.

Transnational corporations’ reliance on low-wage manufacturing and labor arbitrage is featured in the book. Agricultural policy—extensively explored—remains crucial, as does the promotion of industrialization. This fifth edition offers a ‘state-of-the-art’ analysis of these essential themes and many others. Numerous case studies and issue focuses have been integrated with sundry central topics. Neoclassical theories and applications, including a timely exploration of behavioral economics, are both rigorously and accessibly explicated.

Cypher’s comprehensive account remains the development economics text par excellence, as it takes a much more practical, hands-on view of the issues facing the developing countries than other, overly mathematical texts. This book is unique in its scope and in the detailed attention it gives to a vast range of ideas, including pioneering developmentalist and heterodox formulations. Distinct institutional structures are examined within their historical contexts.

This landmark text will continue to be an invaluable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in the fields of development economics and development studies.

Table of Contents

Part 1: An overview of economic development

1. The Development Imperative

2. Measuring economic growth and development

3. Development in historical perspective

Part 2: Theories of development and underdevelopment

4. Classical political economy and beyond

5. Developmentalist theories of economic development

6. Heterodox theories of economic development

Part 3: The structural transformation

7. The state as a potential agent of transformation: From neoliberalism to embedded autonomy

8. Contemporary perspectives and new strategies for development

9. The initial structural transformation: Initiating the industrialization process

10. Strategy switching and industrial transformation

11. Agriculture and development

12. Population, education, and human capital

13. Technology and development

Part 4: Problems and Issues

14. Transnational corporations and economic development

15. Managing the Foreign Account: Balance of payments issues and beyond

16. International institutional linkages: The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and foreign aid

/

An Introduction to Music Technology, Second Edition provides a clear overview of the essential elements of music technology for today’s musician. This book focuses on the topics that underlie the hardware and software in use today: Sound, Audio, MIDI, Computer Notation, and Computer- Assisted Instruction. Appendices cover necessary computer hardware and software concepts. Written for both music technology majors and non-majors, this textbook introduces fundamental principles and practices so students can learn to work with a wide range of software programs, adapt to new music technologies, and apply music technology in their performance, composition, teaching, and analysis.

Features:

Thorough explanations of key topics in music technology

Content applicable to all software and hardware, not linked to just one piece of software or gear

In-depth discussion of digital audio topics, such as sampling rates, resolutions, and file formats

Explanations of standard audio plug-ins including dynamics processors, EQs, and delay based effects

Coverage of synthesis and sampling in software instruments

Pedagogical features, including:

Further Reading sections that allow the student to delve deeper into topics of interest

Suggested Activities that can be carried out with a variety of different programs

Key Terms at the end of each chapter

What Do I Need? Chapters covering the types of hardware and software needed in order to put together Audio and MIDI systems

A companion website with links to audio examples that demonstrate various concepts, step-by-step tutorials, relevant hardware, software, and additional audio and video resources.

The new edition has been fully updated to cover new technologies that have emerged since the first edition, including iOS and mobile platforms, online notation software, alternate controllers, and Open Sound Control (OSC).

Table of Contents

Part 1: Sound 1. What is Sound? 2. Sound Properties and the Waveform View 3. The Overtone Series and the Spectrum View Further Reading Part 2: Audio 4. Digital Audio Software: The Digital Audio Workstation 5. Audio Hardware 6. Digital Audio Data 7. Audio—What Do I Need? Further Reading Part 3: MIDI and Software Instruments: Overview 8. Software Instruments and Sequencing 9. MIDI Hardware 10. MIDI Messages 11. A Basic Synthesis Model 12. Synthesis Techniques 13. Sampling Techniques 14. Beyond the DAW/sequencer 15. MIDI and Software Instruments—What Do I Need? Part 4: Computer Notation and Computer-Assisted Instruction 16. Computer Notation 17. Computer-Assisted Instruction Appendix 1: Computer Hardware Appendix 2: Computer Software Selected Bibliography Index

Research Methods in Learning Design and Technology explores the many forms, both new and established, that research takes within the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). Chapters by experienced IDT researchers address methodologies such as meta-analysis, social media research, user experience design research, eye-tracking research, and phenomenology, situating each approach within the broader context of how IDT research has evolved and continues to evolve over time. This comprehensive, up-to-date volume familiarizes graduate students, faculty, and instructional design practitioners with the full spectrum of approaches available for investigating the new and changing educational landscapes. The book also discusses the history and prospective future of research methodologies in the IDT field.

Table of Contents

1.Research Methods in the Learning Design and Technology: A Historical Perspective of the Last 40 Years 2. Interpretive and Postmodern Phenomenological Research Approaches: Opportunities for New Lines of Inquiry in the Field of Learning Design and Technology 3. Mobile Eye-tracking for Research in Diverse Educational Settings 4. Treating Research Studies as Our Primary Subject: Using Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis to Conduct Systematic Reviews 5. Considerations for Using Social Media Data in Learning Design and Technology Research 6. Becoming Action Researchers: Crafting the Curriculum and Learning Experiences for Scholarly Practitioners in Educational Technology 7. Making Data Science Count In and For Education 8. Ethnographic Considerations Within Instructional Design Research Practices 9. Complex, Multiple, Interdependent Layers (C-MIL): A Conceptual Model For Usability Studies in 3-Dimensional Virtual Worlds 10. Learning User Experience Design (LUX): Adding the "L" to UX research using biometric sensors 11. Exploring the Evolution of Instructional Design and Technology Disciplinary Knowledge through Citation Context Analysis 12. Learning Environments Visual Mapping 13. Learning Analytics: The Emerging Research Method for Enhancing Teaching and Learning 14. Futurama: Learning Design and Technology Research Methods

Art in the Primary School is an introductory textbook, and a second edition to Teaching Primary Art, exploring the underpinning philosophy and pedagogy of teaching and learning art, including how and why digital tools and technologies can be integrated.

This book considers practical aspects of teaching art, focusing on key processes of art making that children might experience in primary schools. It is based around the idea that digital tools and technologies can and should be integrated into the learning and teaching of art, exploring:

What art is like in the primary school, why it should be taught and what is included in the curriculum

How learning is planned, assessed, taught and supported in the classroom

Learning about and from artists and how digital technology can be part of the art curriculum

Key processes such as drawing, painting, printmaking, collage and textiles, working in three dimensions and making digital art

Uniquely incorporating the use of digital devices, tools and technologies into the subject of art, this book will be essential reading for those training to teach and support learning in art in the primary school.

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 An introduction to art in the primary school

Chapter 2 The art curriculum in primary schools

Chapter 3 Learning about and from artists

Chapter 4 Digital technology and art

Chapter 5 Planning and assessing art

Chapter 6 Teaching and supporting learning in art

Chapter 7 Drawing

Chapter 8 Painting

Chapter 9 Printmaking

Chapter 10 Collage and textiles

Chapter 11 Working in three dimensions

Chapter 12 Making digital art

Going further

Appendix 1 Vocabulary used when talking about visual elements

Appendix 2 Tools and materials

Index

Priced very competitively compared with other textbooks at this level!

This gracefully organized textbook reveals the rigorous theory of probability and statistical inference in the style of a tutorial, using worked examples, exercises, numerous figures and tables, and computer simulations to develop and illustrate concepts.

Beginning with an introduction to the basic ideas and techniques in probability theory and progressing to more rigorous topics, Probability and Statistical Inference

studies the Helmert transformation for normal distributions and the waiting time between failures for exponential distributions

develops notions of convergence in probability and distribution

spotlights the central limit theorem (CLT) for the sample variance

introduces sampling distributions and the Cornish-Fisher expansions

concentrates on the fundamentals of sufficiency, information, completeness, and ancillarity

explains Basu's Theorem as well as location, scale, and location-scale families of distributions

covers moment estimators, maximum likelihood estimators (MLE), Rao-Blackwellization, and the Cramér-Rao inequality

discusses uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators (UMVUE) and Lehmann-Scheffé Theorems

focuses on the Neyman-Pearson theory of most powerful (MP) and uniformly most powerful (UMP) tests of hypotheses, as well as confidence intervals

includes the likelihood ratio (LR) tests for the mean, variance, and correlation coefficient

summarizes Bayesian methods

describes the monotone likelihood ratio (MLR) property

handles variance stabilizing transformations

provides a historical context for statistics and statistical discoveries

showcases great statisticians through biographical notes

Employing over 1400 equations to reinforce its subject matter, Probability and Statistical Inference is a groundbreaking text for first-year graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in probability and statistical inference who have completed a calculus prerequisite, as well as a supplemental text for classes in Advanced Statistical Inference or Decision Theory.

Table of Contents

Notions of probability; expectations of functions of random variables; multivariate random variables; transformations and sampling distributions; notions of stochastic convergence; sufficiency, completeness and ancillarity; point estimation; tests of hypotheses; confidence interval estimation; Bayesian methods; likelihood ratio and other tests; large-sample inference; sample size determination - two-stage procedures. Appendices: abbreviations and notation; celebration of statistics - selected biographical notes; selected statistical tables.

This book provides a general introduction into aviation operations, covering all the relevant elements of this field and the interrelations between them.

Numerous books have been written about aviation, but most are written by and for specialists, and assume a profound understanding of the fundamentals. This textbook provides the basics for understanding these fundamentals. It explains how the commercial aviation sector is structured and how technological, economic and political forces define its development and the prosperity of its players.

Aviation operations have become an important field of expertise. Airlines, airports and aviation suppliers, the players in aviation, need expertise on how aircraft can be profitably exploited by connecting airports with the aim of adding value to society. This book covers all relevant aspects of aviation operations, including contemporary challenges, like capacity constraints and sustainability.

This textbook delivers a fundamental understanding of the commercial aviation sector at a level ideal for first-year university students and can be a tool for lecturers in developing an aviation operations curriculum. It may also be of interest to people already employed within aviation, often specialists, seeking an accurate overview of all relevant fields of operations.

Recognised as the most influential publication in the field, ARM facilitates deep understanding of the Rasch model and its practical applications. The authors review the crucial properties of the model and demonstrate its use with examples across the human sciences.

Readers will be able to understand and critically evaluate Rasch measurement research, perform their own Rasch analyses and interpret their results. The glossary and illustrations support that understanding, and the accessible approach means that it is ideal for readers without a mathematical background.

Highlights of the new edition include:

• More learning tools to strengthen readers’ understanding including chapter introductions, boldfaced key terms, chapter summaries, activities and suggested readings.
• Greater emphasis on the use of R packages; readers can download the R code from the Routledge website.
• Explores the distinction between numerical values, quantity and units, to understand the measurement and the role of the Rasch logit scale (Chapter 4).
• A new four-option data set from the IASQ (Instrumental Attitude towards Self-assessment Questionnaire) for the Rating Scale Model (RSM) analysis exemplar (Chapter 6).
• Clarifies the relationship between Rasch measurement, path analysis and SEM, with a host of new examples of Rasch measurement applied across health sciences, education and psychology (Chapter 10).

Intended as a text for graduate courses in measurement, item response theory, (advanced) research methods or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, human development, business, and other social and health sciences. Professionals in these areas will also appreciate the book’s accessible introduction.

Focused on developing professional academic skills for supporting and supervising student learning and effective teaching, the fifth edition of A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education recognises the complex demands of teaching, research, scholarship and academic management in higher education institutions.

Fully updated to reflect changes in practice and policy, this new edition has been written to enhance excellence in teaching and learning design and support all involved in facilitating a world-class inclusive education. Offering plentiful and rich practical advice, this rigorous and sound introduction to the basics of teaching and learning in higher education draws together a large number of expert authors and a range of global case studies. A definitive guide for anyone working in higher education, this edition:

Offers new chapters covering an inclusive curriculum, the importance of student well-being and the scholarship of teaching and learning

Considers the impact of technological changes on policy and practice

Discusses the use of digital learning environments

Explores how best to engage students in their disciplines and embed skills for employability

The ultimate guide to support all those involved in providing student learning of the highest quality, A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education is essential reading for all new lecturers. It will be particularly useful for anyone taking an accredited course in teaching and learning in higher education, as well as more experienced lecturers who wish to improve their teaching practice.

Table of Contents

List of illustrations

List of case studies

List of contributors and case study authors

Acknowledgements

Foreword by Patrick Deane

A user’s guide

　

Part 1 The current world of teaching and learning in higher education

Global perspectives on teaching and learning in HE

Stephanie Marshall

National approaches to teaching and learning in HE

Stephanie Marshall

Success as a university lecturer

Stephanie Marshall

　

Part 2 Education, assessment and student support

Lectures, seminars and academic advising

Phil Race

Assessment: new developments in design, marking and feedback

Geoffrey Crisp

Assessment: understanding the basics

Sam Elkington

Student-staff partnerships in teaching and learning

Cherie Woolmer, Elizabeth Marquis, Erin Aspenlieder and Lori Goff

Blended learning

Colin Lumsden, Lucie Byrne-Davies and Karen Scott

The inclusive curriculum

Nona McDuff, Annie Hughes and Sonya Sharma

Embedding skills development into the curriculum

Cecilia Ka Yuk Chan

Supervising undergraduate dissertations

Malcolm J. Todd and Karen Smith

Maximising student learning gain

Camille B. Kandiko Howson

Student well-being

Ruth Caleb

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL)

Marian McCarthy

　

Part 3 Teaching and learning in the disciplines

The experimental sciences

Ian Turner

Learning and teaching in chemistry

Tina Overton

Mathematics and statistics

Paola Iannone and Adrian Simpson

The new engineering

Peter Goodhew

The performing arts: dance, drama and music

Paul Kleiman and Celia Duffy

Best practice and innovations in economics education

Parama Chaudhury

Psychology

Julie Hulme

Teaching business, management and accountancy

Dominique A. Greer, Abby Cathcart and Larry Neale

Law

Jessica Guth

Quantitative methods in the social sciences

Jonathan Parker

History

Sarah Richardson

Health and social care professions

Julie Williams, Andrew Kirk and Toni Bewley

　

Glossary

Index/

Environmental applications have long been a core use of GIS. However, the effectiveness of GIS-based methods depends on the decision-making frameworks and contexts within which they are employed. GIS for Environmental Decision-Making takes an interdisciplinary look at the capacities of GIS to integrate, analyze, and display data on which decisions must be based. It provides a broad prospective on the current state of GIS for environmental decision-making and emphasizes the importance of matters related to data, analysis, and modeling tools, as well as stakeholder participation.

The book is divided into three sections, which effectively relate to three key aspects of the decision-making process as supported by GIS: data required, tools being developed, and aspects of participation. The first section stresses the ability to integrate data from different sources as a defining characteristic of GIS and illustrates the benefits that this can bring in the context of deriving land-use and other information. The second section discusses a range of issues concerning the use of GIS for suitability mapping and strategic planning exercises, through illustrative examples. The last section of the book focuses on the use of GIS-based techniques to facilitate public participation in decision-making processes. In particular, it provides an overview of developments in this area, concentrating on how GIS, modeling, and 3D landscape visualization techniques are gradually achieving closer integration.

Given the complex challenges presented by global environmental change, GIS for Environmental Decision-Making provides a clear illustration of how the use of GIS can make significant contributions to trans-disciplinary initiatives to address environmental problems.

Table of Contents

Introduction. Data for Decision-Making. Tools to Support Decision-Making. Participation in Decision-Making.

We all know that safety should be an integral part of the systems that we build and operate. The public demands that they are protected from accidents, yet industry and government do not always know how to reach this common goal. This book gives engineers and managers working in companies and governments around the world a pragmatic and reasonable approach to system safety and risk assessment techniques. It explains in easy-to-understand language how to design workable safety management systems and implement tested solutions immediately.

The book is intended for working engineers who know that they need to build safe systems, but aren’t sure where to start. To make it easy to get started quickly, it includes numerous real-life engineering examples. The book’s many practical tips and best practices explain not only how to prevent accidents, but also how to build safety into systems at a sensible price. The book also includes numerous case studies from real disasters that describe what went wrong and the lessons learned.

See What’s New in the Second Edition:

New chapter on developing government safety oversight programs and regulations, including designing and setting up a new safety regulatory body, developing safety regulatory oversight functions and governance, developing safety regulations, and how to avoid common mistakes in government oversight

Significantly expanded chapter on safety management systems, with many practical applications from around the world and information about designing and building robust safety management systems, auditing them, gaining internal support, and creating a safety culture

New and expanded case studies and "Notes from Nick’s Files" (examples of practical applications from the author’s extensive experience)

Increased international focus on world-leading practices from multiple industries with practical examples, common mistakes to avoid, and new thinking about how to build sustainable safety management systems

New material on safety culture, developing leading safety performance indicators, safety maturity model, auditing safety management systems, and setting up a safety knowledge management system

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Acknowledgments

Author

Introduction

Why Do We Need Safety Engineering?

What Is Safety Analysis?

System Safety and Risk Assessment

Government Safety Regulations versus Safety from Industry’s Point of View

Brief History of Safety

References

Further Reading

Definitions and Concepts

Makeup of an Accident

How Safe Is Safe Enough?

Case Study: Black Swan Extreme Events, Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

The Accident

What Went Wrong?

Media Nightmare

Lessons Learned of What Could Have Been Done Differently

What Is a Hazard and Other Important Concepts

System Safety versus Safety Management System

System Safety Process

Hazard Identification

Hazard Control

Risk Acceptance

Risk Management versus Safety Management

Hazard Reduction Precedence

Design Out the Hazard

Safety Devices

Warning Devices

Special Procedures and Training

Safety Maturity Model and Safety Management Systems

Leading and Lagging Safety Performance Indicators

Use of Standards in Safety

Government Standards

Industry Standards

Regional Standards, Example: Interoperability in the European Union

International Standards

References

Further Reading

Safety Analysis in Engineering: How Is It Used?

Manufacturing

Consumer Products

Chemical Process and Oil and Gas Industry

Aviation

Mass Transit

Military and Space

Commercial Nuclear Power

References

Further Reading

Safety Management Systems

Safety in the System Life Cycle

System Life Cycle

Safety and the System Life Cycle

Case Studies of Poor Application of Safety in the System Life Cycle

Developing a Robust Safety Management System

Elements of a Safety Management System

Conducting a Diagnostic of Your Safety Management System

Organizational Management and Safety

Management Commitment

Suggested Ideas to Enhance Management Involvement

Safety Management System Organization

System Safety Program: Keystone to a Robust Safety Management System

Elements of a System Safety Program

Setting Up a System Safety Program

Evaluating Contractors and Subcontractors

Emergency Preparedness Programs

Case Study: How a Leading Global Personal Care Products Company Created a Best Practice Safety Program

Common Mistakes in Implementing Safety Programs

Closed-Loop Process

Hazard Tracking and Resolution

System Safety Reviews and Audits

Case Study: Special Commission of Inquiry, Waterfall Rail Accident Safety Management System Audit

Some Words on Safety Governance

Voluntary Protection Program

Safety Culture

What Is Safety Culture?

Measuring Safety Culture

Designing Sustainable Safety Culture: Fitting a Global Company’s Corporate Safety Program into the Local Culture

References

Further Reading

Hazard Analysis

Hazard Analysis Methodology

Preliminary Hazard List

Passenger-Carrying Submersible Example

Hazard Analysis: Preliminary, Subsystem, and System

Facility Hazard Analysis

Operations and Support Hazard Analysis

Examples of Hazard Analyses

Example Hazard Analysis of NASA Laser

Brief Example of a Hazardous Waste Storage Facility Hazard Analysis

References

Further Reading

Process Safety Analysis

Process Hazard Analysis

HAZOP

What-If Analysis and Safety Checklists

Brief HAZOP Example of an Ammonia Fill Station

Example What-If/Safety Checklist for Pressure Test Equipment

References

Further Reading

Fault Tree Analysis

Fault Tree Symbols and Logic

Finding Cut Sets

Fault Tree Quantification

Example of a Fault Tree Construction of a Motor–Pump Pressure System

Common Mistakes in Fault Trees

References

Further Reading

FMECA, Human Factors, and Software Safety

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Conducting a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis

Human Factors Safety Analysis

Performance and Human Error

Conducting Human Factors Safety Analysis

Brief Example of Human Factors Safety Analysis: Manual Switchover to Auxiliary Feedwater System

Software Safety

Software Safety Analysis

Software Testing and IV&V

References

Further Reading

Other Techniques

MORT

Energy Trace Barrier Analysis

Sneak Circuit Analysis

Cause–Consequence Analysis

Root Cause Analysis

Bow Tie Analysis

Dispersion Modeling

Test Safety

Comparing the Various Techniques

Advantages and Disadvantages

References

Further Reading

Data Sources and Training

Government Data Banks

Industry Data Banks

Creating Your Own Safety Knowledge Management System: Some Suggestions

Safety Training

Employee Safety Training

Emergency Preparedness and Response Training

Personnel Certification for Hazardous Operations

Sample Safety Training Course Outline for a Microprocessor Production Plant

Safety Awareness Training

References

Further Reading

Accident Reporting, Investigation, Documentation, and Communication

Anatomy of an Accident

Accident Investigation Board

Reporting the Accident

Setting Up a Closed-Loop Reporting System

Example of an Automated System

Forming an Investigation Board

Selecting the Investigation Board

Conducting the Investigation

Investigation Report

Documenting the Accident

Retention of Records

Public Release of Information

Accident Investigation Lessons Learned

Communicating the Accident to the Public

Developing a Crisis Communication Plan

Common Mistakes: What Not to Say and Do

References

Further Reading

Government Regulations and Safety Oversight

Safety Regulatory Oversight

Key Components of a Safety Regulatory Regime

Description of Different Regulatory Oversight Models

Case Study: Setting Up a Safety Oversight Body from Scratch

Safety Oversight Functions and Governance

More Effective Safety Service Delivery

Safety Oversight Organization Options

Sample Safety Oversight Organization

Example Process Safety Oversight in the United States

Aligning Resource Needs to the Oversight Organization: How to Do More with Less

Case Study: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Improving Oversight through System Safety

Common Mistakes in Government Oversight Programs

References

Further Reading

Risk Assessment

What Is Risk?

Risk Perception

Risk Assessment Methodology

Identifying Risk in a System

Risk Communication

References

Further Reading

Risk Evaluation

Probabilistic Approach

Risk Analysis Model

Developing Accident Scenarios and Initiating Events

Event Trees

Consequences Determination

Uncertainty

Risk Evaluation: The Use of Risk Profiles

Calculating Safety Costs

Brief Example: Risk Assessment of Launching a Space Shuttle Payload

References

Further Reading

Appendix A: Typical Energy Sources

Appendix B: Generic Hazard Checklist

Appendix C: Generic Facility Safety Checklist

Appendix D: Internet Sources

Index

Featuring easy-to-follow instructions on all the main basic and intermediate skills required to sew garments from a pattern, Fashion Sewing: Introductory Techniques is an excellent resource for fashion design students who want to improve their sewing skills. The book includes advice on setting up the home sewing studio, an introduction to fabrics, a fitting guide and a wide range of basic and intermediate techniques on stitches, seams, hems and fastenings.Featuring comprehensive instructions, accompanied by large, clear illustrations, this book enables readers to visualize each action and apply key sewing techniques to their own projects.

Now in its seventh edition, Ingrid Rima's classic textbook charts the development of the discipline from the classical age of Plato and Aristotle, through the middle ages to the first flowering of economics as a distinct discipline - the age of Petty, Quesnay and Smith - to the era of classical economics and the marginalist revolution.

The book then goes on to offer extensive coverage of the twentieth century - the rise of Keynesianism, econometrics, the Chicago School and the neoclassical paradigm. The concluding chapters analyze the birth of late twentieth century developments such as game theory, experimental economics and competing schools of economic thought.

This text includes a number of practical features:

a "family tree" at the beginning of each section, illustrating how the different developments within economics are interlinked

the inclusion of readings from the original key texts

a summary and questions to discuss, along with glossaries and suggestions for further reading

This book provides the clearest, most readable guide to economic thought that exists and encourages students to examine the relevance of the discipline's history to contemporary theory.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Preclassical Economics, 1. Early Masterworks as a source of Economic Thought, 2. The Origins of Analytic Economics 3. The Transition to Classical Economics, Part II: Classical Economics, 4. Physiocracy: The Beginning of Analytical Economics, 5. Adam Smith: From Moral Philosophy to Political Economy, 6. Thomas Malthus and J. B. Say: The Political Economy of Population Behaviour and Aggregate Demand, 7. David Ricardo: Economic Analysis of the Distributive Shares, 8. Building on Ricardian Foundations: The Mills, W. N. Senior and Charles Babbage, 9. Classical Theory in Review, Part III: The Critics of Classicism. 10. Socialism, Induction, and the Forerunners of Marginalism, 11. Karl Marx: An Inquiry into the "Law of Motion" of the Capitalist System, 12. First-Generation Marginalists: Jevons, Walras and Menger, 13. Second-Generation Marginalists, Part IV: The Neo-classical Tradition, 1980-1945, 14. Alfred Marshall and the Neo-classical Tradition, 15. Chamberlain, Robinson and Other Price Theorists, 16. The "New" Theory of Welfare and Consumer Behavior, 17. Neo-classical Monetary and business-Cycle Theorists, Part V: The Dissent form Neo-classicism, 1890-1945, 18.The Dissent of American Institutionalists, 19. The Economics of Planning: Socialism without Marxism, 20. J. M. Keynes’s Critique of the Mainstream Tradition, 21. Keynes's Theory of Employment, Output and Income, Part VI: Beyond High Theory, 22. The Emergence of Econometrics as a Sister-Discipline of Economics, 23. Neo-Keynesians, Neo-Walrasians and Monetarists, 24. The Analytics of Economic Liberalism: The Theory of Choice, Part VII: Competing Economic Paradigms, 25. From Economic Heterodoxy to Pluralism and the Revival of Political Economy

Public Service Information Technology explains how all areas of IT management work together. Building a computer-based information system is like constructing a house; different disciplines are employed and need to be coordinated. In addition to the technical aspects like computer networking and systems administration, the functional, business, management, and strategic aspects all are equally important. IT is not as simple as expecting to use a software program in three months. Information Technology is a complex field that has multiple working parts that require proper management. This book demystifies how IT operates in an organization, giving the public manager the necessary details to manage Information Technology and to use all of its resources for proper effect.

This book is for technical IT managers and non-technical (non-IT) managers and senior executive leaders. Not only will the Chief Information Officer, the IT Director, and the IT Manager find this book invaluable to running an effective IT unit, the Chief Financial Officer, the HR Director, and functional managers will understand their roles in conjunction with the technical team. Every manager at all levels of the organization has a small yet consequential role to play in developing and managing an IT system. With practical guidelines and worksheets provided in the book, both the functional team and the technical team will be able to engage collaboratively to produce a high-quality computer-based information system that everyone involved can be proud to use for many years and that can deliver an effective and timely public program to citizens.

This book includes:

• Multiple layers of security controls your organization can develop and maintain, providing greater protection against cyber threats.
• Job-related worksheets you can use to strengthen your skills and achieve desired program results.
• Practices you can apply to maximize the value of your contracts and your relationships with for-profit companies and other contractors.
• New method for deciding when contracting or outsourcing is appropriate when internal resources are not available.
• Improved method for estimating intangible benefits (non-financial gains) attributable to a proposed project.
• An approach to deciding what parts of a business process should or should not be automated, paying critical attention to decision points and document reviews.

Drawing and sketching are central to the art of animation and can be crucial tools in designing and developing original stories, characters and layouts. Sketching for Animation offers a wealth of examples, exercises and tips from an army of professional animators to help you develop essential sketching, technical drawing and ideation techniques. With interviews and in-depth case studies from some of today's leading animators, including Bill Plympton, Glen Keane, Tori Davis and John Canemaker, this is a unique guide to turning your sketchbook - the world's cheapest, most portable pre-visualisation tool - into your own personal animation armory.

This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of diplomacy and its vital role in an era of increasing international uncertainty.

The work employs a distinctive "diplomatic perspective" on international relations and argues that the experience of conducting diplomacy gives rise to a set of priorities: first, the peaceful resolution of disputes; second, the avoidance of unwanted conflict; and, third, the minimization of the intensity of violent conflict where it has become unavoidable. It argues that changes in the international system require a shift in priorities from the diplomacy of problem-solving by building institutionalized cooperation, to the diplomacy of managing relationships between people. Divided into three sections, the first examines what is meant when we talk about diplomacy, why we need diplomats, and the operations of the modern diplomatic system of states. The second discusses the "three bads," about which people generally worry: bad leaders, bad media, and bad followers. The idea of "bad" is considered in terms of the moral character, professional competence, and the consequences of what people do for us. The final section discusses diplomacy and bad diplomats, reviewing what people can do to help themselves and the professionals be good diplomats.

This book is intended as a primary text for courses in international diplomacy and as a supplementary text for courses on contemporary issues in international relations.

Table of Contents

Part I: Diplomacy and Diplomats

1. Introduction: What are we talking about when we talk about diplomacy?

2. Why we need diplomacy and diplomats

3. The modern diplomatic system of states

Part II: Diplomacy and "The Three Bads" of International Relations

4. Diplomacy and bad leaders

5. Diplomacy and bad media

6. Diplomacy and bad followers

Part III: Conclusions

7. Diplomacy and bad diplomats

Reading and Writing a Screenplay takes you on a journey through the many possible ways of writing, reading and imagining fiction and documentary projects for cinema, television and new media. It explores the critical role of a script as a document to be written and read with both future readers and the future film it will be giving life to in mind.

The book explores the screenplay and the screenwriting process by approaching the film script in three different ways: how it is written, how it is read and how it can be rewritten. Combining contemporary screenwriting practices with historical and academic context, Isabelle Raynauld provides key analytical tools and reading strategies for conceptualizing and scripting projects based on the impact different writing styles can have on readers, with various examples ranging from early cinema to new media and new platforms throughout.

This title offers an alternative, thought-provoking and inspiring approach to reading and writing a screenplay that is ideal for directors, producers, actors, students, aspiring screenwriters and readers interested in understanding how an effective screenplay is created.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction: The screenplay as text

1. What constitutes a "good" screenplay?

2. The screenplay as text

3. Ideas, writing in stages and types of documents

4. What does screenwriting share with editing principles?

5. Structures

6. Point of view: telling a story from a certain perspective

7. The scene

8. The character

9. Writing sound

10. Writing for documentary

11. New media, new forms of writing: towards expanded screenwriting practices

12. Reading a screenplay: reading modes from analysis to writing

Conclusion

Bibliography

Index

Contemporary, thoughtful and extensively illustrated, Modern Diplomacy examines a broad range of current diplomatic practice. This leading and widely used book - now in its fifth edition - equips students with a detailed analysis of important international issues that reflect and impact upon diplomacy and its relations. The subject is brought to life through case studies and examples which highlight the working of contemporary diplomacy within the international political arena.

Organised around five broad topic areas, including the nature of diplomacy, diplomatic methods, negotiation, the operation of diplomacy in specific areas and international conflict, the book covers all major topic areas of contemporary diplomacy.

New features for this edition:

Developments in diplomatic practice

Strategies in diplomacy

International trade, geopolitics and agreements

Diplomacy of new regional organisations and groupings

Developing country diplomacy

Non-traditional diplomacy

New concepts – parallel and counter diplomacy

New case studies include: the Paris Climate Agreement, Brexit, international finance and trade agreements, and the UN security forces.

Modern Diplomacy is essential reading for students and practitioners of international relations, foreign policy, international law, international political economy, international economics, the Foreign Services Institutes and the National Diplomatic Academies.

Table of Contents

1. The Changing Nature of Diplomacy

2. Foreign Policy Organisation

3. Diplomatic Methods

4. Negotiation

5. Developing Diplomatic Practice

6. Groups and Networks

7. Regional Organisations and Diplomacy

8. Cyber Diplomacy

9. International Financial Relations

10. Trade, Foreign Policy and Diplomacy

11. Environmental Diplomacy

12. Environmental Diplomacy: Case Examples

13. Disaster and Emergency Diplomacy

14. Diplomacy and Security

15. Diplomacy and Mediation

16. The Diplomacy of Normalisation

17. Diplomatic Correspondence: Case Examples

18. International Treaties

19. International Agreements: Case Examples

20. Paris Agreement

Conclusion

The Evidence-Based Practitioner Coach gives a descriptive, phenomenological understanding of human development through the lens of the Integrated Experiential Learning Process, and how it can be applied in coaching.

Aimed at coaches who would like to ground their experience in an evidence-based practitioner model, it synthesises evidence and theory from a range of disciplines, exploring how we learn through a complex process involving brain, body and social relationships, and facilitated consciously and unconsciously through the central and autonomic nervous systems. It applies this understanding to a range of settings, contexts and environments. The book notably combines the fascinating knowledge produced by cutting-edge research with useful, practical methodologies developed by some of the wisest observers of humanity. Its sheer readability, in an engagingly down-to-earth and warmly human way, helps make the contents readily accessible to coach practitioners and others from non-academic backgrounds.

Rigorous and erudite, this book would be suitable for business coaches, corporate executives, senior managers, and human resource specialists, and provides an invaluable contribution to what it means to be a scientist-practitioner within the evolving profession of coaching.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1. Complex responsive processes and experiential learning 2. The physiology of learning 3. Movement and experiential learning 4. Human development models 5. Research methodology 6. Applying the Integrated Experiential Learning Process to coaching 7. Applying the Integrated Experiential Learning Process in business 8. The Integrated Experiential Learning Process in a team context 9. Coaching presence 10. Being a scientist-practitioner Bibliography

Contemporary events management is a diverse and challenging field. This introductory textbook fully explores the multidisciplinary nature of events management and provides the student with all the practical skills and professional knowledge they need to succeed in the events industry.

It introduces every core functional area of events management, such as marketing, finance, project management, strategy, operations, event design and human resources, in a vast array of different event settings from sport to political events. This new edition has been updated to include:

New and updated content on technological developments in events such as virtual/hybrid events, artificial intelligence, virtual/augmented reality, holograms in music events, software for event planning and projection mapping.

New content on eSports, the sustainability sector, employability skills, policy changes, diversity and inclusion, ethics and responsibility in events, and contemporary event safety and security issues including the threat of terrorism.

New and updated case studies that cover a wider range of regions.

A fully updated and extended companion website that includes web and video links, quizzes and a case study archive for students, as well as PowerPoint slides for instructors and a brand-new instructor manual full of teaching strategy ideas.

Every topic is brought to life through vivid case studies, personal biographies and examples of best practice from the real world of events management. Written by a team of authors with many years’ experience of working in the events industry, Events Management: An Introduction is the essential course text for any events management programme.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Events Management

2. Event Project Management: Feasibility, Planning, Delivery and Evaluation

3. Event Design and Production

4. Event Operations

5. Event Human Resource Management

6. Event Finance

7. Event Marketing

8. Event Law, Health, Safety and Risk Management

9. Sporting Events

10. Mega-Events

11. Events in the Public and Third Sectors

12. Business Events

13. Cultural Events and Festivals

14. Event Impacts and Sustainability

15. Events and the Media