The seventh edition of Strategic Planning for Public Relations maintains its status as a leading text to guide students in developing successful public relations campaigns.

Deborah Silverman and Ronald Smith bring their experience as instructors and public relations professionals to the book, providing clear, step-by-step guidance on how to plan and implement strategic communications campaigns. This new edition includes diverse examples of current cases along with classic cases that stand the test of time. It includes new “Ethics Minutes” scenarios in each step, a new research step, and examples of award-winning public relations campaigns. It also significantly increases information on social media and features a reformatting of the tactics step into four separate parts based on the PESO model (paid media, earned media, shared media, and owned media).

As a leader in teaching public relations strategy, this text is ideal for students in upper division undergraduate and graduate courses in public relations strategy and campaigns.

Complementing the book are online resources for both students and instructors. For students: step overviews, useful links to professional organizations and resources, checklists for the ten steps in the planning process, and two sample campaigns. For instructors: an instructors’ manual, PowerPoint slides, sample syllabi, a critique evaluation worksheet, and checklists for the ten steps in the planning process. For these online resources, please visit www.routledge.com/9781032391168 .

Table of Contents

Preface

Who Uses This Textbook?

New to This Seventh Edition

Online Resources for Faculty and Students

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Introduction

Structure of This Book

Public Relations as Part of Management

Strategic Communication

Integrated Communication

Public Relations

Marketing Communication

Merging Communication Functions

Controversy about Integrated Communication

Benefits of Ethical Public Relations

Public Relations in the Public Interest

Advertising

PESO (Paid, Earned, Shared, and Owned Media)

Paid Media

Earned Media

Shared Media

Owned Media

Blending Categories

Step-by-Step Planning

Phase One: Formative Research

Phase Two: Strategy

Phase Three: Tactics

Phase Four: Evaluative Research

Effective Creativity

Roadmap to Success

Works Cited

Phase One: Formative Research

Step 1. Analyzing the Situation

Public Relations Situation

Learning From Research

Best Practice

Finding Consensus

Communicating with Clients

Issues Management

Risk Management

Crisis Management

Reputation Management

Ethics and Public Relations

Ethical Shortcomings

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 1: Analyzing the Situation

Checklist 1: Public Relations Situation

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 2. Choosing Research Methods

Can I Do My Own Research?

Research Ethics

Ethical Treatment of People

Ethical Use of Research Data

Sampling

Nonprobability Sampling

Probability Sampling

Sampling Error and Sample Size

Primary Research and Secondary Research

Secondary Research

Secondary Information Sources

Primary Research

Surveys

Focus Groups

Interviews

Content Analysis

Closing Thoughts about Research

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 2: Choosing Research Methods

Checklist 2: Research Methods

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 3. Analyzing the Organization

Structure of Organizations

Situation Analysis

Internal Environment

Public Perception

Promoting Perception

External Environment

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 3: Analyzing the Organization

Checklist 3A: Internal Environment

Checklist 3B: Public Perception

Checklist 3C: External Environment

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 4. Analyzing the Publics

Public

Public, Market, Audience, Stakeholder

Interrelationships

Characteristics of Publics

Categories of Publics

Intercessory Public

Opinion Leader

Vocal Activist

Key Public

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Public Relations

Planning Example 4A: Identifying Publics

Checklist 4A: Publics

Analyzing Key Publics

Stage of Development

Characteristics of Key Publics

Stereotype

Native American Stereotype

Arab Americans and American Muslims

Italian American Stereotype

Asian American Stereotype

LGBTQ Stereotype

Cultural Context

Rethinking Your Publics

Benefit Statement

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 4B: Analyzing Key Publics

Checklist 4B: Key Publics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Two: Strategy

Step 5. Creating Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Positioning

Research for Positioning

Ethics of Positioning

Goal

Objective

Elements of Objectives

Hierarchy of Objectives

Developing Objectives

Writing Objectives

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 5: Creating Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Checklist 5: Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Notes

Works Cited

Step 6. Choosing Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Proactive Strategy

Reactive Strategy

Proactive Strategy 1: Action

Organizational Performance

Audience Engagement

Special Event

Alliance, Coalition, Partnership

Sponsorship

Strategic Philanthropy

Corporate Social Responsibility

Volunteerism

Activism

Proactive Strategy 2: Communication

Publicity

Newsworthy Information

Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News

Generating News

Celebrity Endorsements

Congressional Testimony

News Peg

Transparent Communication

Transparency about Public Health: COVID-19 Communication

Reactive Public Relations Strategies

Reactive Strategy 1: Preemptive Action

Prebuttal

Reactive Strategy 2: Offensive Response

Attack

Embarrassment

Shock

Threat

Doubledown

Reactive Strategy 3: Defensive Response

Denial

Excuse

Justification

Strategic Reversal

Reactive Strategy 4: Diversionary Response

Concession

Ingratiation

Disassociation

Relabeling

Reactive Strategy 5: Vocal Commiseration

Concern

Condolence

Regret

Apology

Reactive Strategy 6: Rectifying Behavior

Investigation

Corrective Action

Restitution

Repentance

Reactive Strategy 7: Deliberate Inaction

Strategic Silence

Strategic Ambiguity

Strategic Inaction

Weighing Options and Making Ethical Judgments

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 6: Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Checklist 6: Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 7. Developing the Message Strategy

Communication Process

Information: Flow of Communication

Persuasion: Attempt to Influence

Dialogue: Quest for Understanding

Rhetorical Tradition of Persuasive Communication

Ethos: Message Source

Credibility: Power to Inspire

Charisma: Power of Personal Charm

Control: Power of Command

Organizational Spokespeople

Celebrity Spokesperson

Company Spokesperson

Spokespeople and Ethics

Paid Endorsements

Planning Example 7A: Selecting Message Source

Checklist 7A: Message Source

Logos: Appeal to Reason

Verbal Evidence

Visual Supporting Evidence

Errors of Logic

Statistics

Pathos: Appeal to Sentiment

Positive Emotional Appeal

Negative Emotional Appeal

Planning Example 7B: Determining Message Appeal

Checklist 7B: Message Appeal

Verbal Communication

Message Structure

Message Content

Nonverbal Communication

Kinesics (Body Language)

Oculesics (Eye Contact)

Proxemics (Social Space)

Haptics (Touching)

Vocalics (Language Cues)

Chronemics (Timing)

Visual and Aural Communication

Symbol

Logo

Physical Artifact

Clothing

People

Mascot

Color

Music

Language

Branding the Strategic Message

Language of Branding

Lessons about Branding

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 7C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Checklist 7C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Three: Tactics

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 1: Owned Media

The PESO Model

Owned Media Tactics

Strategy for Owned Media

Digital Media

Electronic Media

Interpersonal Communication

Print and Online Publications

Direct Mail

Ethics Minute

What's Next?

Planning Example 8A: Selecting Owned Media Tactics

Checklist 8A: Owned Media Tactics

Answer Key for Ethics Minute

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 2 – Earned Media

Earned Media Tactics

Strategy for Earned Media

News Media Theories and Public Relations

Television

Radio

News Blog

Newspapers

Magazines

Public Relations and Earned Media

Direct News Subsidy

Indirect News Subsidy

Opinion Subsidy

Interactive Media Engagement

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8B: Selecting Earned Media Tactics

Checklist 8B: Earned Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 3 – Shared Media

Shared Media Tactics

Strategy for Shared Media

Social Networking Sites

Microblogs

Video and Photo Sharing

Livestreaming

Disappearing Content Formats

Instant Messaging

Discussion Forums

Social Audio Platforms

Wikis

Closed/Private Community Groups

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8C: Selecting Shared Media Tactics

Checklist 8C: Shared Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 4 – Paid Media

Paid Media

Strategy for Paid Media

Digital Media Advertising

Television and Radio Advertising

Print Advertising

Out-of-Home Advertising

Promotional Items

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8D: Selecting Paid Media Tactics

Checklist 8D: Paid Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 9. Implementing the Strategic Plan

Packaging Communication Tactics

Thinking Creatively

Putting the Program Together

Planning Example 9A: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Checklist 9A: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Campaign Plan Book

Campaign Schedule

Frequency of Tactics

Timeline of Tasks

Campaign Budget

Budget Items

Approaches to Budgeting

Fixed Budget

Variable Budget

Full-Cost Budgeting

Optimal Success

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 9B: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Checklist 9B: Strategic Plan

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Four: Evaluative Research

Step 10. Evaluating the Strategic Plan

What to Evaluate

Design Questions

Methods of Evaluative Research

Evaluation Criteria

When to Evaluate

Approaches to Research Design

Factors in Evaluation Design

How to Evaluate

Judgmental Assessment

Communication Outputs

Evaluating Awareness Objectives

Evaluating Acceptance Objectives

Evaluating Action Objectives

Data Analysis

Ultimate Evaluation: Value-Added Public Relations

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 10: Evaluating the Strategic Plan

Checklist 10: Evaluation Plan

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Appendix A. Media Engagement

Reputation

Reputation and Performance

Reputation as a Strategic Tool

Reputation Management

Reputation and News Media

Reputation as a Participant Activity

Headlines and Bottom Lines

Media Relations

Media Relations…from the Media Side

Media Relations…from the Organization Side

Media Relations…from Both Sides

Reputational Bumps and Bruises

Points for Consideration

Credibility

Interview Setting

If You Are Asked for an Interview

Dress for Interview Success

Interview Posture

Interview Planning

Preparing for an Interview

Be-Attitudes for Interview Success

Interview Attitude

Communicating during an Interview

Problem Interviews

After an Interview

Appendix B. Crisis Communication

Types of Crises

Sudden vs Smoldering Crises

Crisis Strategy

Crisis Messaging

Preparing for Crises

Appendix C. Example of a Content Analysis

Example of a Content Analysis

Appropriate Topic

Population and Sample

Unit of Analysis

Mechanics of Study

Data Reporting

Data Analysis

Recommendations

Glossary

Index







/

Contemporary events management is a diverse and challenging field. This introductory textbook fully explores the multidisciplinary nature of events management and provides the student with all the practical skills and professional knowledge they need to succeed in the events industry.

It introduces every core functional area of events management, such as marketing, finance, project management, strategy, operations, event design and human resources, in a vast array of different event settings from sport to political events. This new edition has been updated to include:

New and updated content on technological developments in events such as virtual/hybrid events, artificial intelligence, virtual/augmented reality, holograms in music events, software for event planning and projection mapping.

New content on eSports, the sustainability sector, employability skills, policy changes, diversity and inclusion, ethics and responsibility in events, and contemporary event safety and security issues including the threat of terrorism.

New and updated case studies that cover a wider range of regions.

A fully updated and extended companion website that includes web and video links, quizzes and a case study archive for students, as well as PowerPoint slides for instructors and a brand-new instructor manual full of teaching strategy ideas.

Every topic is brought to life through vivid case studies, personal biographies and examples of best practice from the real world of events management. Written by a team of authors with many years’ experience of working in the events industry, Events Management: An Introduction is the essential course text for any events management programme.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Events Management

2. Event Project Management: Feasibility, Planning, Delivery and Evaluation

3. Event Design and Production

4. Event Operations

5. Event Human Resource Management

6. Event Finance

7. Event Marketing

8. Event Law, Health, Safety and Risk Management

9. Sporting Events

10. Mega-Events

11. Events in the Public and Third Sectors

12. Business Events

13. Cultural Events and Festivals

14. Event Impacts and Sustainability

15. Events and the Media

Craig’s Soil Mechanics continues to evolve and remain the definitive text for civil engineering students worldwide. It covers fundamental soil mechanics and its application in applied geotechnical engineering from A to Z and at the right depth for an undergraduate civil engineer, with sufficient extension material for supporting MSc level courses, and with practical examples and digital tools to make it a useful reference work for practising engineers.

This new edition now includes:

Restructured chapters on foundations and earthworks, the latter including new material on working platforms and collapse of underground cavities (sinkhole formation).

New mobilised-stress-based deformation methods that can straightforwardly be used with both linear and non-linear soil stiffness models and field measurements of shear wave velocity, for serviceability limit state design.

Extended sets of correlations for making sensible first estimates of soil parameters, adding deformation-based parameters for broader coverage than the Eighth Edition.

Extended section onrobust statistical selection of characteristic soil parameters.

Greater use of consolidation theory throughout in determining whether actions, processes and laboratory/in-situ tests are drained or undrained.

Extended chapter on in-situ testing, adding the Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT), and interpretation of consolidation parameters from CPTU and DMT testing.

An updated section on pile load testing.

Additional worked examples and end-of-chapter problems covering new material, with fully worked solutions for lecturers.

The electronic resources on the book’s companion website are developed further, with the addition of two new spreadsheet numerical analysis tools and improvement of existing tools from the Eighth Edition. Using these, readers can take real soil test data, interpret its mechanical properties and apply these to a range of common geotechnical design problems at ultimate and serviceability limiting states.

Table of Contents

Part I Development of a mechanical model for soil

1 Basic characteristics of soils

2 Seepage

3 Effective stress

4 Consolidation

5 Soil behaviour in shear

6 Ground investigation

7 In-situ testing

Part II Applications in geotechnical engineering

8 Shallow foundations: capacity

9 Shallow foundations: serviceability

10 Deep foundations

11 Retaining structures

12 Earthworks

13 Evaluating geotechnical performance

This book provides a disciplined, systematic look at what is necessary to the planning and implementation of an effective Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) programme.

Throughout, attention is paid to balancing theory with practical application, how to successfully implement theory for effective communication. Step-by-step, knowledge and understanding builds through the book, starting by laying a foundation to provide context, looking at the role of IMC in building brands and strengthening companies. The book then considers what goes into developing and executing effective messages, and how to ensure that they are consistent and consistently delivered, regardless of media. A detailed, practical overview of the strategic planning process is provided, illustrated by numerous examples and cases, along with ‘desktop’ tools and worksheets for developing and implementing an IMC plan.

The 4th edition of this classic textbook has been fully updated throughout, and includes:

Updated and expanded coverage of digital media, including issues relating to privacy and media strategy

New sections on setting campaign budgets, brand architecture, target audience action objectives, social marketing communication, and such practices as gamification and experiential marketing

Extended content on international advertising and shared cultural values

The introduction of a channels-based typology of marketing communication

Updated international examples and case studies throughout.

A comprehensive and accessible guide to the steps of planning and developing an effective IMC campaign, this book should be core reading for students studying Integrated Marketing Communications, Strategic Communications, Principles of Advertising, Media Planning and Brand Management.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Introduction to IMC

1. Overview of IMC

2. Brands and IMC

3. Companies and IMC

Part 2: Components of IMC

4. Advertising

5. Promotion

6. Media

7. Additional delivery options

Part 3: IMC messages

8. Message processing

9. Message development

10. Creative execution

Part 4: The IMC plan

11. Planning considerations

12. The IMC planning process

13. Finalizing and implementing the IMC plan

This fully revised seventh edition of Property Development has been completely updated to reflect ongoing changes in the property field and maintain the direct relevance of the text to all stakeholders involved in studying the property development process. This text has been in high demand since the first edition was published over 40 years ago.

The successful style and proven format of the highly popular text has been retained to assist the readership to understand this complex discipline. The readership typically includes anyone with an interest in property including aspiring property developers, established property developers, property stakeholders involved in the property development process, as well as any interested parties. In addition this new edition of the standard text is ideally suited for all property development and real estate students and will also be of interest to early career professionals and those pursuing similar professional degrees in the industry and in wider built environment courses.

This new edition includes new content discussing the rise and significance of PropTech with all chapters updated and enhanced to also assist lecturers and students in their teaching, reading and studying. The book focuses specifically on development and outlines the entire comprehensive process from inception, financing, planning and development stages within the context of sustainability and urban global challenges. The chapters include introductions with chapter objectives, discussion points, reflective summaries and case studies.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2. Land for Development 3. Development Appraisal and Risk 4. Development Finance 5. Property Cycles 6. Planning 7. Construction 8. Market Research 9. PropTech 10. Marketing and Sales 11. Sustainable Development 12. Emerging Markets

Teaching Secondary and Middle School Mathematics combines the latest developments in research, technology, and standards with a vibrant writing style to help teachers prepare for the excitement and challenges of teaching secondary and middle school mathematics.

The book explores the mathematics teaching profession by examining the processes of planning, teaching, and assessing student progress through practical examples and recommendations. Beginning with an examination of what it means to teach and learn mathematics, the reader is led through the essential components of teaching, concluding with an examination of how teachers continue with professional development throughout their careers. Hundreds of citations are used to support the ideas presented in the text, and specific websites and other resources are presented for future study by the reader. Classroom scenarios are presented to engage the reader in thinking through specific challenges that are common in mathematics classrooms.

The seventh edition has been updated and expanded with particular emphasis on the latest technology, standards, and other resources. The reader is introduced to the ways that students think and how to best meet their needs through planning that involves attention to differentiation, as well as how to manage a classroom for success.

Features include:

Following on from the sixth edition, assessment takes a central role in planning and teaching. Unit 3 (of 5) addresses the use of summative and formative assessments to inform classroom teaching practices

A new appendix is included that lists websites that can be used in a methods class to view other teachers interacting with students for discussion of effective teaching practices

The feature entitled “Links and Resources” has been updated in each of the 13 chapters. Five strongly recommended and practical resources are spotlighted at the end of each chapter as an easy reference to some of the most important materials on the topic

Approximately 150 new citations have either replaced or been added to the text to reflect the latest in research, materials, and resources that support the teaching of mathematics

Significant revisions have been made to Chapter 12, which now includes updated research and practices as well as a discussion on culturally responsive pedagogy. Likewise, Chapter 8 now includes a description of best and high-leverage teaching practices, and a discussion in Chapter 11 on alternative high school mathematics electives for students has been added

Chapter 9, on the practical use of classroom technology, has again been revised to reflect the latest tools available to classroom teachers, including apps that can be run on handheld personal devices, in light of changes in education resulting from the global pandemic

An updated Instructor’s Manual features a test bank, sample classroom activities, PowerPoint slide content, chapter summaries, and learning outcomes for each chapter, and can be accessed by instructors online at www.routledge.com/9781032472867.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 What Does It Mean to “Do,” “Teach,” and “Learn” Mathematics? 1. Mathematics as a Process 2. Principles of Mathematics Education 3. Learning Theories and Psychology in Mathematics Education UNIT 2 Mathematics Curriculum and Planning 4. Standards, Objectives, and Resources 5. Planning for Instruction UNIT 3 Assessment in Mathematics 6. Assessment: Purposes and Strategies 7. Assessment: Standards, Homework, and Grading UNIT 4 Mathematics Teaching 8. Teaching and Learning: Tasks, Learning 9. Teaching and Learning: Tools and Technology 10. Teaching Number Sense and Algebra 11. Teaching Geometry Statistics/Probability, and Discrete Mathematics UNIT 5 Meeting Individual Student and Teacher Needs 12. Managing a Mathematics Classroom 13. The Teacher of Mathematics in the School Community

Planning is an important management function and its effective execution is crucial to ensure the success of any project. This second edition of Thomas Uher’s and Adam Zantis' textbook maintains its focus on operational rather than strategic aspects of programming and scheduling of projects, providing the reader with the practical planning skills needed to be successful.

Unlike most other textbooks that largely focus on the critical path method, Programming and Scheduling Techniques includes a comprehensive review of a range of practices used around the world. Topics covered in this thoroughly revised edition include:

deterministic scheduling techniques including the bar chart, the critical path method, the critical chain method, the multiple activity chart and the line of balance

a comparison of the critical path and critical chain scheduling techniques

options for computer-based scheduling

stochastic scheduling techniques including the critical path method based on Monte Carlo simulation and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

risk in scheduling

work study.

By covering a broad range of scheduling techniques this book is suitable for those planning projects in any industry, particularly in interdisciplinary or international contexts.

Written for students studying undergraduate and postgraduate architecture, building, construction/project management, quantity surveying, property development and civil engineering programs.

Table of Contents

1.The Concept of Planning 2. Bar Charts 3. The Critical Path Method 4. Resource Management 5. Overlapping Network Models 6. Project Control 7. Critical Path Scheduling by Computer 8. Critical Chain Scheduling 9. Multiple Activity Charts 10. Line of Balance Technique 11. Work Study 12. Risk and Scheduling 13. The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Learn first-rate techniques and tips from some of the best makeup artists in the business in the new edition of The Makeup Artist Handbook. Renown makeup pros Gretchen Davis and Mindy Hall bring an impressive set of experience in all areas to the book, including work on Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Steve Jobs, The Wolf of Wall Street, Blue Jasmine, Star Trek, Pearl Harbor, HBO’s Looking and many other films and TV shows. This full-color, comprehensive new edition offers brand new photographs and on-the-job examples to demonstrate makeup techniques and fundamentals on topics such as beauty, time periods, black and white photography and up-to-date information on cutting-edge techniques like computer-generated characters, makeup effects, mold-making, air brushing, and plenty of information on how to work effectively on set.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments/Dedications

Chapter 1 Shapes

Chapter 2 The Body

Chapter 3 Color

Chapter 4 Lighting

Chapter 5 Technology

Chapter 6 Foundations

Chapter 7 Basics

Chapter 8 Beauty

Chapter 9 Design

Chapter 10 Hair

Chapter 11 Airbrush

Chapter 12 Effects

Chapter 13 How to Be a Pro

Cosmetics, Tools, Labs, and Effects

The Crew

Glossary

Professional Library

The Pros

Unions

Index

Offering a modern, process-oriented approach emphasizing process control scheme development instead of extended coverage of LaPlace space descriptions of process dynamics, Designing Controls for the Process Industries focuses on aspects that are most important for contemporary practical process engineering and reflects the industry’s use of digital distributed control-based systems. The second edition now features 60 tutorial videos demonstrating solutions to most of the example problems.

Instead of starting with the controller, the book starts with the process and moves on to how basic regulatory control schemes can be designed to achieve the process objectives while maintaining stable operations. In addition to continuous control concepts, process and control system dynamics are embedded into the text with each new concept presented. The book alsoincludes sections on batch and semi-batch processes and safety automation within each concept area. It discusses the four most common control techniques: control loop feedback, feedforward, ratio, and cascade, and discusses application of these techniques for process control schemes for the most common types of unit operations. It also discusses more advanced andless commonly used regulatory control options such as override, allocation, and split range controllers; includes an introduction to higher-level automation functions; and provides guidance for ways to increase the overall safety, stability, and efficiency for many process applications. It introduces the theory behind the most common types of controllers used in the process industries and provides various additional plant automation-related subjects. The new edition also includes new homework problems and examples, including multiple choice questions for flipped classes, information about statistical process control, and a new case study that documents the development of regulatory control schemes for an entire process area.

Aimed at chemical engineering students in process control courses, as well as practicing process and control engineers, this textbook offers an alternative to traditional texts and offers a practical, hands-on approach to design of process controls.

PowerPoint lecture slides, multiple-choice quiz questions for each chapter, and a solutions manual are available to qualifying instructors. Tutorial-style videos for most of the text examples are available for all readers to download.

Table of Contents

1. Processing System Fundamentals. 2. Control System Fundamentals. 3. Motive Force Unit Operations Control. 4. Heat Transfer Unit Operations Control. 5. Separation Unit Operations Controls. 6. Reaction Unit Operations Controls. 7. Other Control Paradigms. 8. Controller Theory. 9. Higher- Level Automation Techniques. 10. Instrumentation (Types and Capabilities). 11. Automation and Control System Projects. 12. Process Dynamics Analysis. Appendix A: Transform Functions and the “s” Domain. Appendix B: PID Controller Tuning. Appendix C: Controller Script. Appendix D: A Case Study of the Regulatory Controls of an Entire Process Area.

Business Process Management has helped thousands of leaders and BPM practitioners successfully implement BPM projects, enabling them to add impactful and measurable value to their organizations. The book covers all major frameworks, including LEAN and Six Sigma, and offers a unique emphasis on BPM’s interrelationship with organizational management, culture, and leadership. Its common-sense approach teaches how BPM must be well-integrated across an entire business if it is to be successful, augmented and aligned with other management disciplines.

This thoroughly revised and updated fifth edition includes:

• Discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on business operations, business transformation, remote working, and new processes.
• New and revised content on sustainable processes in BPM.
• Expanded material on process automation and new technologies, including AI.
• New and revised international case studies and practical examples.
• A streamlined layout, as well as new questions and thought-provoking comments to promote discussion and thinking.

Business Process Management is an accessible core text for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Business Process Management, Operations, Production, and Strategic Management, as well as an indispensable guide to any senior business executive or chief financial officer.

The work is complemented by online resources to support instructors and learning, including PowerPoint slides for each chapter.

Design impacts every part of our lives. The design of products and services influences the way we go about our daily activities and it is hard to imagine any activity in our daily lives that is not dependent on design in some capacity. Clothing, mobile phones, computers, cars, tools and kitchenware all enable and hold in place everyday practices. Despite design’s omnipresence, the understanding of how design may facilitate desirable behaviours is still fragmented, with limited frameworks and examples of how design can effect change in professional and public contexts.

This text presents an overview of current approaches dedicated to understanding how design may be used intentionally to make changes to improve a range of problematic social and environmental issues. It offers a cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral overview of different academic theories adopted and applied to design for behaviour change.

The aim of the volume is twofold: firstly, to provide an overview of existing design models that integrate theories of change from differing scientific backgrounds; secondly, to offer an overview of application of key design for behaviour change approaches as used across case studies in different sectors, such as design for health and wellbeing, sustainability, safety, design against crime and social design. Design for Behaviour Change will appeal to designers, design students and practitioners of behavioural change.

Table of Contents

Part I Design for Behaviour Change: its Background and Significance, Chapter 1 Introduction: Designing for Behavioural Change, Chapter 2 Design’s Intrinsic Relationship with Change and its Challenges for the 21st Century, Part II Models, Methods and Tools for Design for Behaviour Change, Chapter 3 Introducing Models, Methods and Tools for Design for Behaviour Change, Chapter 4 The Product Impact Tool: The Case of the Dutch Public Transport Chip Card, Chapter 5 Design Interventions for Sustainable Behaviour, Chapter 6 Design, Behaviour change, and the Design with Intent Toolkit, Chapter 7 Tweaking Interaction through Understanding the User, Chapter 8 Design for Healthy Behaviour, Chapter 9 Facilitating Behaviour Change through Mindful Design, Chapter 10 Practices-Oriented Design, Chapter 11 Futuring and Ontological Designing, Chapter 12 The Hidden Influence of Design, Chapter 13 Summary of Design for Behavioural Change Approaches, Part III Applying Design for Behaviour Change, Chapter 14 Design for Behaviour Change: Introducing Five Areas of Application and Related Case Studies, Chapter 15 Design for Behaviour Change and Sustainability, Chapter 16 Design for Behaviour Change for Health and Wellbeing, Chapter 17 Design for Behavioural Safety, Chapter 18 Is ‘Nudge’ as Good as ‘We Think’ in Designing against Crime?Contrasting Paternalistic and Fraternalistic Approaches to Design for Behaviour Change, Chapter 19 Design for Social Behaviour Change, Chapter 20 Reflecting on Current Applications of Design for Behaviour Change, Part IV The Current State and Future of Design for Behaviour Change, Chapter 21 Conclusion, Chapter 22 Future Prospects

Creative web design requires knowledge from across the design and technical realms, and it can seem like a daunting task working out where to get started. In this book the authors take you through all you need to know about designing for the web and digital, from initial concepts and client needs, through layout and typography to basic coding, e-commerce and working with different platforms. The companion website provides step-by-step tutorial videos, HTML/CSS styling tips and links to useful resources to really help you get to grips with all the aspects of web design. Working alongside the text are interviews with international designers and critical commentaries looking at best practice and theoretical considerations. Written for graphic designers, this book delivers more than just an instruction manual - it provides a complete overview of designing for the web.

Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, Fourth Edition addresses the need for an introductory text that focuses on the basics of fluid mechanics—before concentrating on specialized areas such as ideal-fluid flow and boundary-layer theory. Filling that void for both students and professionals working in different branches of engineering, this versatile instructional resource comprises five flexible, self-contained sections:

Governing Equations deals with the derivation of the basic conservation laws, flow kinematics, and some basic theorems of fluid mechanics.

Ideal-Fluid Flow covers two- and three-dimensional potential flows and surface waves.

Viscous Flows of Incompressible Fluids discusses exact solutions, low-Reynolds-number approximations, boundary-layer theory, and buoyancy-driven flows.

Compressible Flow of Inviscid Fluids addresses shockwaves as well as one- and multidimensional flows.

Methods of Mathematical Analysis summarizes some commonly used analysis techniques. Additional appendices offer a synopsis of vectors, tensors, Fourier series, thermodynamics, and the governing equations in the common coordinate systems.

The book identifies the phenomena associated with the various properties of compressible, viscous fluids in unsteady, three-dimensional flow situations. It provides techniques for solving specific types of fluid-flow problems, and it covers the derivation of the basic equations governing the laminar flow of Newtonian fluids, first assessing general situations and then shifting focus to more specific scenarios.

The author illustrates the process of finding solutions to the governing equations. In the process, he reveals both the mathematical methodology and physical phenomena involved in each category of flow situation, which include ideal, viscous, and compressible fluids. This categorization enables a clear explanation of the different solution methods and the basis for the various physical consequences of fluid properties and flow characteristics. Armed with this new understanding, readers can then apply the appropriate equation results to deal with the particular circumstances of their own work.

Table of Contents

Part I: Governing Equations

Basic Conservation Laws

Statistical and Continuum Methods

Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinates

Material Derivative

Control Volumes

Reynolds’ Transport Theorem

Conservation of Mass

Conservation of Momentum

Conservation of Energy

Discussion of Conservation Equations

Rotation and Rate of Shear

Constitutive Equations

Viscosity Coefficients

Navier–Stokes Equations

Energy Equation

Governing Equations for Newtonian Fluids

Boundary Conditions

Flow Kinematics

Flow Lines

Circulation and Vorticity

Stream Tubes and Vortex Tubes

Kinematics of Vortex Lines

Special Forms of the Governing Equations

Kelvin’s Theorem

Bernoulli Equation

Crocco’s Equation

Vorticity Equation

　

Part II: Ideal-Fluid Flow

Two-Dimensional Potential Flows

Stream Function

Complex Potential and Complex Velocity

Uniform Flows

Source, Sink, and Vortex Flows

Flow in Sector

Flow around Sharp Edge

Flow due to Doublet

Circular Cylinder without Circulation

Circular Cylinder with Circulation

Blasius Integral Laws

Force and Moment on Circular Cylinder

Conformal Transformations

Joukowski Transformation

Flow around Ellipses

Kutta Condition and Flat-Plate Airfoil

Symmetrical Joukowski Airfoil

Circular-Arc Airfoil

Joukowski Airfoil

Schwarz–Christoffel Transformation

Source in Channel

Flow through Aperture

Flow Past Vertical Flat Plate

Three-Dimensional Potential Flows

Velocity Potential

Stokes’ Stream Function

Solution of Potential Equation

Uniform Flow

Source and Sink

Flow due to Doublet

Flow near Blunt Nose

Flow around Sphere

Line-Distributed Source

Sphere in Flow Field of Source

Rankine Solids

D’Alembert’s Paradox

Forces Induced by Singularities

Kinetic Energy of Moving Fluid

Apparent Mass

Surface Waves

General Surface-Wave Problem

Small-Amplitude Plane Waves

Propagation of Surface Waves

Effect of Surface Tension

Shallow-Liquid Waves of Arbitrary Form

Complex Potential for Traveling Waves

Particle Paths for Traveling Waves

Standing Waves

Particle Paths for Standing Waves

Waves in Rectangular Vessels

Waves in Cylindrical Vessels

Propagation of Waves at Interface

　

Part III: Viscous Flows of Incompressible Fluids

Exact Solutions

Couette Flow

Poiseuille Flow

Flow between Rotating Cylinders

Stokes’ First Problem

Stokes’ Second Problem

Pulsating Flow between Parallel Surfaces

Stagnation-Point Flow

Flow in Convergent and Divergent Channels

Flow over Porous Wall

Low Reynolds Number Solutions

Stokes Approximation

Uniform Flow

Doublet

Rotlet

Stokeslet

Rotating Sphere in Fluid

Uniform Flow Past Sphere

Uniform Flow Past Circular Cylinder

Oseen Approximation

Boundary Layers

Boundary-Layer Thicknesses

Boundary-Layer Equations

Blasius Solution

Falkner–Skan Solutions

Flow over a Wedge

Stagnation-Point Flow

Flow in Convergent Channel

Approximate Solution for Flat Surface

General Momentum Integral

Kármán–Pohlhausen Approximation

Boundary-Layer Separation

Stability of Boundary Layers

Buoyancy-Driven Flows

Boussinesq Approximation

Thermal Convection

Boundary-Layer Approximations

Vertical Isothermal Surface

Line Source of Heat

Point Source of Heat

Stability of Horizontal Layers

　

Part IV: Compressible Flow of Inviscid Fluids

Shock Waves

Propagation of Infinitesimal Disturbances

Propagation of Finite Disturbances

Rankine-Hugoniot Equations

Conditions for Normal Shock Waves

Normal-Shock-Wave Equations

Oblique Shock Waves

One-Dimensional Flows

Weak Waves

Weak Shock Tubes

Wall Reflection of Waves

Reflection and Refraction at Interface

Piston Problem

Finite-Strength Shock Tubes

Nonadiabatic Flows

Isentropic-Flow Relations

Flow through Nozzles

Multidimensional Flows

Irrotational Motion

Janzen–Rayleigh Expansion

Small-Perturbation Theory

Pressure Coefficient

Flow over Wave-Shaped Wall

Prandtl–Glauert Rule for Subsonic Flow

Ackeret’s Theory for Supersonic Flows

Prandtl–Meyer Flow

　

Part V: Methods of Mathematical Analysis

Some Useful Methods of Analysis

Fourier Series

Complex Variables

Separation of Variable Solutions

Similarity Solutions

Group Invariance Methods

Appendix A: Vector Analysis

Vector Identities

Integral Theorems

Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates

Appendix B: Tensors

Notation and Definition

Tensor Algebra

Tensor Operations

Isotropic Tensors

Integral Theorems

Appendix C: Governing Equations

Cartesian Coordinates

Cylindrical Coordinates

Spherical Coordinates

Appendix D: Fourier Series

Appendix E: Thermodynamics

Zeroth Law

First Law

Equations of State

Enthalpy

Specific Heats

Adiabatic, Reversible Processes

Entropy

Second Law

Canonical Equations of State

Reciprocity Relations

Sustainable Urban Futures in Africa provides a variety of conventional and emerging theoretical frameworks to inform understandings and responses to critical urban development issues such as urbanisation, climate change, housing/slum, informality, urban sprawl, urban ecosystem services and urban poverty, among others, within the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Africa.

This book addresses topics including challenges to spatial urban development, how spatial planning is delivered, how different urbanisation variables influence the development of different forms of urban systems and settlements in Africa, how city authorities could use old and new methods of land administration to produce sustainable urban spaces in Africa, and the role of local activism is causing important changes in the built environment. Chapters are written by a diverse range of African scholars and practitioners in urban planning and policy design, environmental science and policy, sociology, agriculture, natural resources management, environmental law, and politics.

Urban Africa has huge resource potential – both human and natural resources – that can stimulate sustainable development when effectively harnessed. Sustainable Urban Futures in Africa provides support for the SDGs in urban Africa and will be of interest to students and researchers, professionals and policymakers, and readers of urban studies, spatial planning, geography, governance, and other social sciences.

Table of Contents

Part I: Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations

1. Sustainable Urban Futures in Africa: Concepts, Practices and Prospects (Patrick Brandful Cobbinah and Michael Addaney)

2. Deconstructing Africa’s Urban Space: Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning Challenge (Patrick Brandful Cobbinah, Michael Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie, and Marita Basson)

3. Tradition Meets Modernity: Creation of Sustainable Urban Spaces in Africa (Bernard Afiik Akanpabadai Akanbang, Millicent Awialie Akaateba, and Prosper Issahaku Korah)

4. Local Activism and Climate Action in Africa: Protecting the Environment as a Social Justice Imperative (Luckymore Matenga)

5. Memories of Futures–Past and Visions of Future–Futures: An Architecture-to-Backcasting Metaphor Approach Towards Sustainable City Transitioning in Africa (Vipua Rukambe And Daniel Irurah)

Part II: Land Use and Ecological Integrity

6. Towards Sustainable and Resilient Urban Development: Rethinking Stormwater Management in Sub-Saharan African Cities (Desmond Ofosu Anim, Eric Gaisie, and Abena Boatemaa Asare-Ansah)

7. Monitoring changing land use-land cover change to reflect the impact of urbanisation on environmental assets in Durban, South Africa (Bahle Mazeka, Kwanele Phinzi, and Catherine Sutherland)

8. Informal Greenspaces in Peripheral Luanda, Angola: Benefits and Challenges (Euridice Lurdes Jorge Pedrosa, Seth Asare Okyere, Stephen Kofi Diko, and Michihiro Kita)

9. Collaborative Spatial Expressions of Sustainability: River Rehabilitation Projects in Durban, South Africa (Patrick Martel, Catherine Sutherland, Sylvia Hannan, and Fanele Magwaza)

10. Regulation of Physical Development in Ghana: Systems and Practices (Michael Addaney, Seth Opoku Mensah, and Florence Abugtane Avogo)

11. Spatial Expression of Climate Change in Rapidly Urbanising City of Tamale, Ghana (Enoch Akwasi Kosoe, Patrick Brandful Cobbinah, and Joseph Nyaaba Akongbangre)

12. Planning for Sustainable Metro Express in Mauritius (Roopanand Mahadew, Michael Addaney, and Patrick Brandful Cobbinah)

Part III: Urban Informality, Regeneration and Tenure Security

13. Situating Everyday Urban Struggles within the Context of the SDGs in an Informal Settlement in Accra, Ghana (Seth Asare Okyere, Louis Kusi Frimpong, Stephen Kofi Diko, Matthew Abunyewah, and Michihiro Kita)

14. Connecting solid waste management to sustainable urban development in Africa (Enoch Akwasi Kosoe, Issaka Kanton Osumanu, and Francis Diawuo Darko)

15. Urban Informality and Flexible Land Tenure Arrangements in Namibia: Lessons and Insights (Kennedy Kariseb, and Ivone Tjilale)

16. The Shifting Sanitation Landscapes Through the Lens of Governmentality in Durban, South Africa (Anthony Odili, and Catherine Sutherland)

17. Transforming Urban Informal Settlements in Kenya through Adaptive Spatial Planning and Tenure Regularisation (Collins Odote, and Philip Olale)

This bestselling text is a comprehensive overview of functionalist approaches to translation in English. Christiane Nord, one of the leading figures in translation studies, explains the complexities of theories and terms in simple language with numerous examples. Covering how the theories developed, illustrations of the main ideas, and specific applications to translator training, literary translation, interpreting and ethics, Translating as a Purposeful Activity concludes with a concise review of both criticisms and perspectives for the future. Now with a Foreword by Georges Bastin and a new chapter covering the recent developments and elaborations of the theory, this is an essential text for students of translation studies and for translator training.

Table of Contents

Introduction

1. Historical Overview

Early Views

Katharina Reiss and the Functional Category of Translation Criticism

Hans J. Vermeer: Skopostheorie and Beyond

Justa Holz-Mänttäri and the Theory of Translational Action

Fuctionalist Methodology in Translator Training

2. Translating and the Theory of Action

Translating as a Form of Translational Interaction

Translating as Intentional Interaction

Translating as Interpersonal Interaction

Translating as a Communicative Action

Translating as Intercultural Action

Translating as a Text-Processing Action

3. Basic Concepts of Skopostheorie

Skopos, Aim, Purpose, Intention, Function and Translation Brief

Intratextual and Intertextual Coherence

The Concept of Culture and Culture-Specificity

Adequacy and Equivalence

The Role of Text Classifications

4. Functionalism in Translator Training

A Translation-Oriented Model of Text Functions

A Functional Typology of Translation

Norms and Conventions in Functional Translation

Source-text Analysis, Translation Briefs and Identifying Translation Problems

A Functional Hierarchy of Translation Problems

Translation Units Revisited

Translation Errors and Translation Evaluation

5. Functionalism in Literary Translation

Actional Aspects of Literary Communication

Literary Communication across Culture Barriers

Skopos and Assignment in Literary Translation

Some examples

6. Functionalism Approaches to Interpreting

The Role of Interpreting in Spokostheorie

Translator Training: From Interpreting t Translation

A Functionalism Approach to Simulteanous Interpreting

7. Criticisms

8. Function plus Loyalty

9. Future Perspectives at the end of the 1990s

10. Skopos Theory and Functionalism in the New Millenium

Glossary

Bibliographical References

This updated, new edition of Introducing Cultural Studies provides a systematic and comprehensible introduction to the concepts, debates and latest research in the field.

Reinforcing the interdisciplinary nature of Cultural Studies, the authors first guide the reader through cultural theory before branching out to examine different dimensions of culture in detail - including globalisation, the body, geography, fashion, and politics. Incorporating new scholarship and international examples, this new edition includes: New and improved 'Defining Concepts', 'Key Influences', 'Example ', and 'Spotlight' features that probe deeper into the most significant ideas, theorists and examples, ensuring you obtain an in-depth understanding of the subject.

A brand new companion website featuring a flashcard glossary, web links, discussion and essay questions to stimulate independent study. A new-look text design with over 60 pictures and tables draws all these elements together in an attractive, accessible design that makes navigating the book, and the subject, simple and logical.

Introducing Cultural Studies will be core reading for Cultural Studies undergraduates and postgraduates, as well as an illuminating guide for those on Communication and Media Studies, English, Sociology, and Social Studies courses looking for a clear overview of the field.

The second edition of this introductory GIS textbook is thoroughly rewritten and updated to respond to the demand for critical engagement with technologies that address relevant issues across several disciplines preparing students for higher-level work in geotechnologies. Chapters are arranged to (1) build competence in fundamental skills, (2) explore applications of higher-level managerial and analytical functions that are typically called upon in public, nonprofit, and private sector milieu, and (3) propose and detail a template for organizing, executing, and completing a GIS project successfully. This interests all users from beginners to experienced professionals.

Features:

Uses the latest version of ArcGIS Pro (3.0) to present a fully rewritten and updated text with diverse perspectives.

Includes many real-world examples with urban planning, environmental, and social justice foci.

Presents new discussions, examples, and lab materials on open-source GIS projects.

Includes lab activities and data available for download from Support Materials.

Junior and senior level undergraduate students taking courses in remote sensing and GIS applications, studying in the fields of Geography, Environmental Sciences, Computer Science, Urban Studies, Public Health, and Social Disciplines, as well as researchers and academics in the same fields, will all benefit from the information provided in the updated version of this book.

Table of Contents

1. Making Sense of Geotechnology 2. Georeferencing 3. Getting the World into Your GIS 4. Geospatial Analysis: Introduction 5.Thematic Mapping 6. Data Models 7.Web GIS 8. Open-Source GIS 9. Introduction to Remote Sensing and GIS 10. Introduction to Health GIS Applications 11. GIS and Digital Humanities 12. Organizational GIS

Practice Skills in Social Work and Welfare has established itself as the essential text to prepare students for the wide-ranging challenges they will face in today's human service sector.

This new fourth edition continues the text's core strength of connecting theory with practical examples to build the reader's confidence and expertise in key areas of practice.

Part 1 outlines the critical social work and strengths-based practices that underpin the book's approach and provides the context for learning practice skills in a group setting, during community development projects and with individuals and families. Part 2 focuses on developing effective relationships with service users, illustrating through realistic scenarios how social work and human service practitioners can apply their practice skills in a range of settings. In Part 3, the essential elements of client assessment are explored, including risk assessment and cross-cultural perspectives. Issues surrounding intervention are examined in Part 4 from working with families and groups to challenging constructively and safely, while research, evaluation and facilitating closure are covered in the final part.

This fourth edition is fully revised and updated and features new material on working with technology, Pasifika communities, LGBTQI+ service users and culturally responsive practice.

Table of Contents

Part 1: The theory and context for learning practice skills

Chapter One - The integrated framework

Jane Maidment and Ronnie Egan

Chapter Two - Critical social work practice

Ronnie Egan and Angelika Papadopoulos

Chapter Three - Learning and teaching practice skills in social work and welfare

Haidee Hicks and Susie Costello

Chapter Four - Decolonisation for social work practice: preparing to work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) peoples

Lorraine Muller

Chapter Five - Technology and social work practice

Sharlene Nipperess and Nic Cornthwaite

Part 2: Engagement

Chapter Six - Developing the helping relationship

Ronnie Egan and Wendy Rollins

Chapter Seven - Engagement with families involved in the statutory system

Robyn Miller

Chapter Eight - Community-engaged social work practice

Uschi Bay and Raewyn Tudor

Chapter Nine - Communication in health care

Nicole Hill

Part 3: Assessment

Chapter Ten - Assessment: Frameworks and components

Jane Maidment

Chapter Eleven - Risk assessments and critical social work

Jo Clarke and Christine Morley

Chapter Twelve - Intersectional approaches to culturally responsive assessment practices

Christina David, Sonali Owen and Sharlene Nipperess

Chapter Thirteen - Working with families

Yvonne Crichton-Hill

Chapter Fourteen - Assessment with Māori

Sharyn Roberts

Part 4: Intervention

Chapter Fifteen - Taking action: change and intervention

Ronnie Egan and Christine Craik

Chapter Sixteen - 'Direct, with respect': challenging constructively

Shelley Turner

Chapter Seventeen - Social change through group work

Ken McMaster

Chapter Eighteen - Social work with older LGBTQ+ adults

David Betts

Part 5: Evaluation and closure

Chapter Nineteen - Research and evaluation in social work practice

Raewyn Tudor

Chapter Twenty - Facilitating closure

Hannah Mooney and Michael Dale

Led by Donna Pendergast and Susanne Garvis, this new edition of Teaching Early Years provides a comprehensive overview of and introduction to educating children from birth to eight years. Structured around the key priorities for early childhood education and care - curriculum, pedagogy and assessment - this book supports readers to develop and enhance their knowledge and understanding of the essential theory, scholarship and practical applications. This second edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect the significant innovation and development across the sector, ensuring that coverage of content, the latest research, references to curricula and professional standards are up to date and relevant to today's pre- and in-service educators. The new edition covers: Sustainability education Health and nutrition Innovative and age-appropriate pedagogies Increased coverage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives New understandings of the early years learner Each chapter provide case studies, examples from practice, chapter summaries and reflection questions, encouraging the reader to engage more deeply with the key concepts and learning points. Bringing together leading scholars and practitioners Teaching Early Years provides the specialist knowledge and preparation required for early years educators, in all learning environments, to deliver exceptional education and care to all children in the early years.

Today, for the first time in the history of Humankind urban dwellers outnumber rural residents. Urban places, towns and cities, are of fundamental importance – for the distribution of population within countries; in the organization of economic production, distribution and exchange; in the structuring of social reproduction and cultural life; and in the allocation and exercise of power. Furthermore, in the course of the present century the number of urban dwellers and level of global urbanisation are destined to increase. Even those living beyond the administrative or functional boundaries of a town or city will have their lifestyle influenced to some degree by a nearby, or even distant, city.

The analysis of towns and cities is a central element of all social sciences including geography, which offers a particular perspective on and insight into the urban condition. The principal goal of this third edition of the book remains that of providing instructors and students of the contemporary city with a comprehensive introduction to the expanding field of urban studies. The structure of the first two editions is maintained, with minor amendments. Each of the thirty chapters has been revised to incorporate recent developments in the field. All of the popular study aids are retained; the glossary has been expanded; and chapter references and notes updated to reflect the latest research. This third edition also provides new and expanded discussions of key themes and debates including detailed consideration of metacities, boomburgs, public space, urban sprawl, balanced communities, urban economic restructuring, poverty and financial exclusion, the right to the city, urban policy, reverse migration , and traffic and transport problems.

The book is divided into six main parts. Part one outlines the field of urban geography and explains the importance of a global perspective. Part two explores the growth of cities from the earliest times to the present day and examines the urban geography of the major world regions. Part three considers the dynamics of urban structure and land use change in Western cities. Part four focuses on economy, society and politics in the Western city. In part five attention turns to the urban geography of the Third World, where many of the countries experiencing highest rates or urban growth are least well equipped to respond to the economic, social, political and environmental challenge. Finally part six affords a prospective on the future of cities and cities of the future. New to this edition are: further readings based on the latest research; updated data and statistics; an expanded glossary; new key concepts; additional study questions; and a listing of useful websites.

The book provides a comprehensive interpretation of the urban geography of the contemporary world. Written in a clear and readable style, lavishly illustrated with more than eighty photographs, 180 figures, 100 tables and over 200 boxed studies and with a plethora of study aids Urban Geography: A Global Perspective represents the ultimate resource for students of urban geography.

Table of Contents

Part 1: The Study of Urban Geography 1. Urban Geography: From Global to Local 2. Concepts and Theory in Urban Geography Part 2: An Urbanising World 3. The Origins and Growth of Cities 4. The Global Context of Urbanisation and Urban Change 5. Regional Perspectives on Urbanisation and Urban Change 6. National Urban SystemsPart 3: Urban Structure and Land Use in the Western City 7. Land Use in the City 8. Urban Planning and Policy 9. New Towns 10. Residential Mobility and Neighbourhood Change 11. Housing Problems and Housing Policy 12. Urban Retailing 13. Urban Transportation Part 4: Living in the City: Economy, Society and Politics in the Western City 14. The Economy of Cities 15. Poverty and Deprivation in the Western City 16. National and Local Responses to Urban Economic Change 17. Collective Consumption and Social Justice in the City 18. Residential Differentiation and Communities in the City 19. Urban Liveability 20. Power, Politics and Urban Governance Part 5: Urban Geography in the Third World 21. Third World Urbanisation within a Global Urban System 22. Internal Structure of Third World Cities 23. Rural–Urban Migration in the Third World 24. Urban Economy and Employment in the Third World 25. Housing the Third World Urban Poor 26. Environmental Problems in Third World Cities 27. Health in the Third World City 28. Traffic and Transport in the Third World City 29. Poverty, Power and Politics in the Third World City Part 6: Prospective – The Future of the City: Cities of The Future 30. The Future of the City – Cities of the Future

This book explores, at a time when several powers have become serious players on the continent, aspects of African agency, past and present, by African writers on foreign policy, representative of geography, language and state size.

In the past, African foreign policy has largely been considered within the context of reactions to the international or global “external factor”. This groundbreaking book, however, looks at how foreign policy has been crafted and used in response not just to external, but also, mainly, domestic imperatives or (theoretical) signifiers. As such, it narrates individual and changing foreign policy orientations over time—and as far back as independence—with mainly African-based scholars who present their own constructs of what is a useful theoretical narrative regarding foreign policy on the continent—how theory is adapted to local circumstance or substituted for continentally based ontologies. The book therefore contends that the African experience carries valuable import for expanding general understandings of foreign policy in general.

This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Foreign Policy Analysis, Foreign Policy Studies, African International Relations/Politics/Studies, Diplomacy and more broadly to International Relations.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Paul-Henri Bischoff

2. What Next? Past and present African foreign policy concepts and practices

Paul-Henri Bischoff

3. The African Union as a Foreign Policy Player: African Agency in International Cooperation

Tshepo Gwatiwa

4. Unprincipled Pragmatism and Anti-Imperialist Impulses in an Interconnected World: The Zuma Presidency, 2009-2017

Mzukisi Qobo

5. Towards A Strategic Culture Approach to Understanding and Conceptualising Ethiopia’s Foreign Policy Towards Israel and the Middle Eastern Arab Countries

Makonnen Tesfaye

6.Nigeria’s Foreign Policy and Intervention Behaviour in Africa: What Role for Agency?

Olumuyiwa Amao

7. Zimbabwe and New Signifiers: Towards a cultural political economy of Foreign Policy Making

Mike Mavura

8. Realist Conceptions of Kenya’s Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy Behaviour: A Theoretical and Contextual Disposition

Korwa Gombe Adar and Mercy Kathambi Kaburu

9. Addressing the Conceptual Void of African Small State Foreign Policy in Orthodox Theory: A Case Study of Botswana's Principled Pragmatism

Kabelo M. Mahupela

10. Tunisia’s Foreign Policy Towards France Before and After an Undemanding ‘Revolution’: A Theoretical Explanation of the An-Nahdha-led Interim Governments’ Soft Policy

Ahmed Ali Salem

11. Straddling Between Convergence and Divergence: A Constructivist’s View of Malawi’s Foreign Policy in Post-independence Africa

Eugenio Njoloma

12. Strategies of a Small State Between Realism and Liberalism: Sixty Years of Guinea’s Diplomacy and Foreign Policy (1958-2018)

Issaka K. Souaré

13. Rethinking SADC: A mixed actor approach to collective policymaking on external relations

Cecilia Lwiindi Nedziwe

14. Towards an Understanding of the Interplay Between Ghana’s Foreign and Defence Policies

Kwesi Aning and Kwaku Danso

15. Conclusion

Paul-Henri Bischoff/

Agroecology is at the forefront of transforming our food systems. This bestselling textbook provides the essential foundation for understanding this transformation in all its components: agricultural, ecological, economic, social, cultural, and political. It presents a case for food system change, explains the principles and practices underlying the ecological approach to food production, and lays out a vision for a food system based on equity and greater compatibility with the planet’s life support systems. New to the fourth edition:

A chapter on Alternatives to Industrial Agriculture, covering the similarities and distinctions among different approaches to sustainable agriculture

A chapter on Ecological Pest, Weed, and Disease Management

A chapter on Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture

A chapter on Agriculture and the Climate Crisis

A revised analysis and critique of the food system’s embeddedness in the extractive capitalist world economy that reflects ideas in the emerging field of political agroecology

Streamlined treatment of agroecology’s foundations in ecological science, making the text more compatible with typical course curricula

A Companion Website at https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781032187105

incorporates the entire contents of the updated practical manual Field and Laboratory Investigations in Agroecology, split into student and lecturer resources. These 24 sample investigations facilitate hands-on learning that involves close observation, creative interpretation, and constant questioning of findings.

Groundbreaking in its first edition and established as the definitive text in its second and third, the fourth edition of Agroecology captures recent developments in the field and forcefully applies the idea that agroecology is a science, a movement, and a practice. Written by a team of experts, this book will encourage students and practitioners to consider the critical importance of transitioning to a new paradigm for food and agriculture.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface 1

Preface 2

Authors

Recommendations for Using this Textbook

Section I • Pathway to Agroecology

1 The Case for Fundamental Change in Agriculture

2 Alternatives to Industrial Agriculture

3 The Agroecosystem Concept

Section II • Agricultural Organisms and their Environment

4 The Plant: Nutrition, Growth, and Response to the Environment

5 Light

6 Climatic Factors Affecting Plants

7 Biotic Factors and Interactions among Organisms

8 The Soil Ecosystem

9 The Environmental Complex

Section III • System-Level Interactions

10 Population Ecology of Agroecosystems

11 Genetic Resources in Agroecosystems

12 Species Interactions in Crop Communities

13 Agroecosystem Diversity

14 Ecological Pest, Weed, and Disease Management

15 Successional Development and Agroforestry

16 Animals in Agroecosystems

17 Energetics of Agroecosystems

18 Landscape Diversity

Section IV • Agroecological Farms and Communities

19 Sustainability and Its Assessment

20 Converting Farms to Ecologically Based Management

21 Bringing Farmers and Consumers Closer Together

22 Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture

Section V • Transforming the Global Food System

23 Achieving a Just and Sustainable Food System

24 Economic Dynamics of the Food System

25 Agriculture and the Climate Crisis

26 Shaping the Future in the Present

Glossary

References

Index

Successful interior design requires resolving a multitude of logistical and creative problems to produce a coherent, functional and aesthetically pleasing environment. This book, the first of its kind, tackles the problem from a theoretical approach and not in the conventional how-to or inspiring ideas fashion. Categorising design into nine key elements, including space, light, display, storage, and offering new terminology to describe each area, the author breaks new ground in the field of interior design in an approach that brings vitality and clear communication to a misunderstood and often free-wheeling design discipline. Drawing on more than 45 years' experience as an interior designer, Anthony Sully provides the ultimate resource in insight and explains best practices from interpreting a client's brief, to analysing the building, to setting up a design team and work schedule plus a host of other practical aspects. Peppered through this toolkit are illustrations and explanations of how to analyse space and form in relation to human activity, the formulation of design concepts, and how to learn from mistakes that have been made in the past.

Subtitling: Concepts and Practices provides students, researchers and practitioners with a research-based introduction to the theory and practice of subtitling. The book, inspired by the highly successful Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling by the same authors, is a new publication reflecting the developments in practice and research that mark subtitling today, while considering the way ahead.

It supplies the core concepts that will allow its users to acquaint themselves with the technical, linguistic and cultural features of this specific yet extremely diverse form of audiovisual translation and the many contexts in which it is deployed today. The book offers concrete subtitling strategies and contains a wealth of examples in numerous languages for dealing with specific translation problems. State-of-the art translation technologies and their impact on the profession are explored along with a discussion of the ways in which they cater for the socio-political, multicultural and multilingual challenges that audiovisual productions and their translations must meet today.

A truly multimedia package, Subtitling: Concepts and Practices comes with a companion website which includes a wide range of exercises with answer keys, video clips, dialogue lists, a glossary of concepts and terminology used in the industry and much more. It also provides access to a professional desktop subtitle editor, Wincaps Q4, and a leading cloud-based subtitling platform, OOONA.

Table of Contents

List of figures

List of tables

Acknowledgements

Permissions

How to use this book and its companion website

1. Reconceptualizing subtitling

2. Professional ecosystem

3. The semiotics of subtitling

4. Spatial and temporal features

5. Formal and textual features

6. The linguistics of subtitling

7. Subtitling language variation and songs

8. Subtitling cultural references, humour and ideology

9. Technology in motion

10. References

11. Index

12. Glossary – available on companion website

13. Appendices – available on companion website