This thoroughly updated fourth edition of Critical Theory Today offers an accessible introduction to contemporary critical theory, providing in-depth coverage of the most common approaches to literary analysis today, including: feminism; psychoanalysis; Marxism; reader-response theory; New Criticism; structuralism and semiotics; deconstruction; new historicism and cultural criticism; lesbian, gay, and queer theory; African American criticism; and postcolonial criticism and ecocriticism.

This new edition features:

• A brand new chapter on ecocriticism, including sections on deep ecology, eco-Marxism, ecofeminism (including radical, Marxist, and vegetarian ecofeminisms), and postcolonial ecocriticism and environmental justice

• Considerable updates to the chapters on feminist theory, African American theory, postcolonial theory, and LGBTQ theories, including terminology and theoretical concepts

• An extended explanation of each theory, using examples from everyday life, popular culture, and a variety of literary texts

• A list of specific questions critics ask about literary texts　

• An interpretation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby through the lens of each theory

• A list of questions for further practice to guide readers in applying each theory to different literary works

• Updated and expanded bibliographies　

Both engaging and rigorous, this is a "how-to" book for undergraduate and graduate students new to critical theory and for college professors who want to broaden their repertoire of critical approaches to literature.

Table of Contents

Preface to the fourth edition

Preface for instructors

Acknowledgements

1 Everything you wanted to know about critical theory but were afraid to ask

2 Psychoanalytic criticism

3 Marxist criticism

4 Feminist criticism

5 New Criticism

6 Reader-response criticism

7 Structuralist criticism

8 Deconstructive criticism

9 New historical and cultural criticism

10 Lesbian, gay, and queer criticism

11 African American criticism

12 Postcolonial criticism

13 Ecocriticism

14 Gaining an overview

Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, and commentaries.

Revised and updated throughout, the new edition of Discourse Analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the major approaches to and methodological tools used in discourse analysis. This textbook:

introduces both traditional perspectives on the analysis of texts and talk as well as more recent approaches that address technologically mediated and multimodal discourse

incorporates practical examples using real data, now revised to include more diverse examples from a wider range of countries

includes a revised final section to highlight recent research with case studies showcasing examples of how scholars used the principles illustrated in the book

is accompanied by online support material with additional student activities, summaries, explanations, and useful links

Other features of the new edition include updated references and a wider range of material from social media that includes TikTok and other more recently popular platforms. Written by an experienced teacher and author, this accessible textbook is essential reading for all students of English language and linguistics.

Table of Contents

Contents cross-referenced

List of figures and tables

Acknowledgements

A Introduction: Key topics in the study of discourse analysis

 1 What is discourse analysis?

 2 Texts and texture

 3 Texts and their social functions

 4 Discourse and ideology

 5 Spoken discourse

 6 Strategic interaction

 7 Context, culture and communication

 8 Mediated discourse analysis

 9 Multimodal discourse analysis

10 Corpus-assisted discourse analysis

B Development: Approaches to discourse analysis

 1 Three ways of looking at discourse

 2 Cohesion, coherence and intertextuality

 3 All the right moves

 4 Constructing reality

 5 The texture of talk

 6 Negotiating relationships and activities

 7 The SPEAKING model

 8 Mediation

 9 Modes, meaning and action

10 Procedures for corpus-assisted discourse analysis

C Exploration: Analysing discourse

 1 Doing discourse analysis: first steps

 2 Analysing texture

 3 Analysing genres

 4 Competing Discourses

 5 Analysing speech acts

 6 Conversational strategies online

 7 Analysing contexts

 8 Doing mediated discourse analysis

 9 Analysing multimodality

10 Analysing corpora

D Extension: Research in discourse analysis

 1 The little texts in our lives

 2 Texture: Old and new

 3 Online genres and discourse communities

 4 Ideologies in discourse

 5 Conversations in online ‘dating’ and ‘grooming’

 6 ‘Coaching’ and ‘bragging’: Positioning and politeness in discourse

 7 Ethnographic approaches to discourse analysis

 8 Discourse and action

 9 Identity, stereotypes, and multimodal discourse analysis

10 Corpus-assisted discourse analysis

Further reading

References

Author index

Glossarial index

Now in a fully revised and updated third edition, Introduction to Sport Marketing is a clear, straightforward, and concise introduction to the theory and practice of sport marketing, and the only sport marketing textbook you will ever need.

Built around a step-by-step framework for developing effective sport marketing plans, and full of real-world, international cases, data, and examples, the text helps students to develop the essential skills and subject knowledge required to thrive in today’s fast-paced sport industry. It covers sport marketing at all levels, from grassroots and community sport to international mega-events, and across all sectors from professional sport to public and not-for-profit organisations. Leading the reader through the marketing process, from analysis and setting a strategy to planning the marketing mix, implementation, and evaluation, the text introduces the products, services, distribution channels, and stakeholders that generate value, including brands, merchandise and licensed products, players and athletes, leagues and franchises, and events. This new edition includes expanded coverage of cutting-edge topics, including social media, digital sport marketing, esports, the social impact of sport, ‘sportwashing’ and soft power, innovation and fast prototyping, consumer psychology, and diversity and equity. It includes useful features throughout, from review questions to guides to further resources.

This is an essential textbook for any sport marketing course taken as a part of a degree programme in sport management, sport marketing, sport business, sport development, or business, management, and marketing.

Table of Contents

1 Sport marketing introduction

2 Sport markets

3 Sport consumers

4 Sport marketing opportunities

5 Sport marketing strategy

6 Sport products and branding

7 Sport pricing

8 Sport distribution

9 Sport promotion

10 Sport sponsorship

11 Sport services

12 Sport digital marketing and social media

13 Sport marketing implementation and control

Appendix/

All coaches working with children will know that they differ substantially from adults in their capabilities, capacity for development and in their ability to meet the demands that sport places upon them. Coaching Children in Sport provides an up-to-date, authoritative and accessible guide to core knowledge and coaching skills for anybody working with children in sport.

Written by a team of leading international coaching experts, teachers, psychologists and specialists in children’s issues in sport and health, the book explains why children should not be treated as mini-adults in sport and helps coaches to devise effective ways of working that not only achieve results but also take into account the best interests of the child. It examines key topics such as:

fundamental coaching skills

coaching philosophies and models

children’s physical and psychosocial development

children’s motivation

safeguarding and child protection issues and coaching ethics

sport and children’s health

talent identification and high performance coaching

reflective practice in sports coaching.

Including case studies, practical reflective activities and guides to further reading throughout, Coaching Children in Sport is an essential text for all courses and training programmes in sports coaching. It is also vital reading for all students, teachers and practitioners working with children in sport, physical education or developmental contexts.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1: What Is A Coach And What Is Coaching?

John Lyle

Chapter 2: Developmentally Appropriate Approaches to Coaching Children

Bob Muir, Gareth Morgan, Andy Abrahams and Dave Morley

Chapter 3: Models of Young Player Development in Sport

Richard Bailey, Martin Toms, Dave Collins, Paul Ford, Áine Macnamara and Gemma Pearce

Chapter 4: Coaches’ Learning and Development

Chris Cushion

Chapter 5: The Essential Skills of a Coach

Ian Stafford

Chapter 6: Communication with Young Players

Julia Walsh

Chapter 7: Professional Responsibilities of Children’s Coaches

Hamish Telfer and Celia Brackenridge

Chapter 8: The Reflective Coach

Andy Miles

Chapter 9: Enhancing Children’s Positive Sport Experiences and Personal Development: A Motivational Perspective

Eleanor Quested & Joan L. Duda

Chapter 10: Physical and Movement Skill Development

Clive Brewer

Chapter 11: The Family Factor

Tess Kay and Di Bass

Chapter 12: The Child in High Performance Sport

Karl Wharton

Chapter 13: Coaching Disabled Children in Sport

Ken Black

Chapter 14: Girls in Sport

Ruth Jeanes

Chapter 15: Developmental Transitions in Sport

Mark Bruner, Leisha Strachan and Jean Côté

Chapter 16: Health of Young Athletes

Robert M. Malina

Chapter 17: Sport and Positive Youth Development

Nicholas L. Holt

Chapter 18: Children's Sport in Policy Contexts

Michael Collins

Chapter 19: The Young Player as a Learner

Tony Rossi and Richard Tinning

This complete entry-level textbook from leading authors gives students the confidence they need to succeed in core mathematics skills in preparation for undergraduate courses in engineering or science, or to build skills to support the mathematical elements of other degree courses. Its unique programmed approach takes students through the mathematics they need in a step-by-step fashion with a wealth of examples and exercises. The text demands that students engage with it by asking them to complete steps that they can manage from previous examples or knowledge they have acquired, while carefully introducing new steps. By working with the authors through the examples, students become proficient as they go. By the time they come to trying examples on their own, confidence is high. The text is aimed at students on Foundation courses in engineering, construction, science and computer science, and for all mathematics courses for students of business studies, psychology, and geography.

A well-known and respected standard reference, this fifth edition provides a thorough treatment of the properties of building materials and their manufacture, both on-site and in the factory.

Table of Contents

1. General Properties 2. Timber 3. Boards, slabs and panels 4. Stones 5. Ceramics 6. Bricks and blocks 7. Limes and cements 8. Concretes 9. Metals 10. Fibres and fibre reinforced products 11. Bituminous products 12. Glass 13. Plastics and rubbers 14. Adhesives 15. Mortars for jointing 16. Sealants

Teaching Secondary and Middle School Mathematics combines the latest developments in research, technology, and standards with a vibrant writing style to help teachers prepare for the excitement and challenges of teaching secondary and middle school mathematics.

The book explores the mathematics teaching profession by examining the processes of planning, teaching, and assessing student progress through practical examples and recommendations. Beginning with an examination of what it means to teach and learn mathematics, the reader is led through the essential components of teaching, concluding with an examination of how teachers continue with professional development throughout their careers. Hundreds of citations are used to support the ideas presented in the text, and specific websites and other resources are presented for future study by the reader. Classroom scenarios are presented to engage the reader in thinking through specific challenges that are common in mathematics classrooms.

The seventh edition has been updated and expanded with particular emphasis on the latest technology, standards, and other resources. The reader is introduced to the ways that students think and how to best meet their needs through planning that involves attention to differentiation, as well as how to manage a classroom for success.

Features include:

Following on from the sixth edition, assessment takes a central role in planning and teaching. Unit 3 (of 5) addresses the use of summative and formative assessments to inform classroom teaching practices

A new appendix is included that lists websites that can be used in a methods class to view other teachers interacting with students for discussion of effective teaching practices

The feature entitled “Links and Resources” has been updated in each of the 13 chapters. Five strongly recommended and practical resources are spotlighted at the end of each chapter as an easy reference to some of the most important materials on the topic

Approximately 150 new citations have either replaced or been added to the text to reflect the latest in research, materials, and resources that support the teaching of mathematics

Significant revisions have been made to Chapter 12, which now includes updated research and practices as well as a discussion on culturally responsive pedagogy. Likewise, Chapter 8 now includes a description of best and high-leverage teaching practices, and a discussion in Chapter 11 on alternative high school mathematics electives for students has been added

Chapter 9, on the practical use of classroom technology, has again been revised to reflect the latest tools available to classroom teachers, including apps that can be run on handheld personal devices, in light of changes in education resulting from the global pandemic

An updated Instructor’s Manual features a test bank, sample classroom activities, PowerPoint slide content, chapter summaries, and learning outcomes for each chapter, and can be accessed by instructors online at www.routledge.com/9781032472867.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 What Does It Mean to “Do,” “Teach,” and “Learn” Mathematics? 1. Mathematics as a Process 2. Principles of Mathematics Education 3. Learning Theories and Psychology in Mathematics Education UNIT 2 Mathematics Curriculum and Planning 4. Standards, Objectives, and Resources 5. Planning for Instruction UNIT 3 Assessment in Mathematics 6. Assessment: Purposes and Strategies 7. Assessment: Standards, Homework, and Grading UNIT 4 Mathematics Teaching 8. Teaching and Learning: Tasks, Learning 9. Teaching and Learning: Tools and Technology 10. Teaching Number Sense and Algebra 11. Teaching Geometry Statistics/Probability, and Discrete Mathematics UNIT 5 Meeting Individual Student and Teacher Needs 12. Managing a Mathematics Classroom 13. The Teacher of Mathematics in the School Community

For nearly 40 years Torkildsen’s Sport and Leisure Management has been the most comprehensive and engaging introduction to sport and leisure management available to students at all levels. Now in its seventh edition, it is still the only textbook that covers all the key topics taught within contemporary sport and leisure management courses.

This new edition includes expanded coverage of the practical managerial skills that students must develop if aiming for a career in the sport and leisure industry, from planning and managing people to marketing, entrepreneurship, and the law. It includes four completely new chapters on the global sport and leisure economy, historical development, cross-sector collaboration, and management consultancy, reflecting important developments in contemporary sport and leisure. This edition retains the hallmark strengths of previous editions, including in-depth discussion of the social and cultural context of sport and leisure; full analysis of the public, private, and voluntary sectors; and a review of key products and services. Richly illustrated throughout with up-to-date evidence, data, case-studies, and international examples, each chapter also contains a range of useful pedagogical features, such as discussion questions, practical tasks, and structured guides to further reading and resources. This is an important resource for students working in fields such as sport management, sport business, sport development, leisure management, and events management.

Dedicated online resources offer additional teaching and learning material for students and lecturers.

Table of Contents

Part I Introducing Sport and Leisure Management

1 Introduction to Sport and Leisure

2 Sport and Leisure: A Historical Perspective

3 Trends in the Sport and Leisure Industry

4 People’s Needs and Leisure Demand

Part II Sport and Leisure Provision

5 Government, Sport, and Leisure (Public)

6 Sport and Leisure Provision in the Commercial Sector (Private)

7 Sport and Leisure Provision in the Third Sector (Voluntary)

8 Cross-Sector Collaboration

9 Sport, Physical Recreation, and Physical Activity

10 Leisure in the Home

11 Planning for Sport and Leisure

12 Global Economics of Sport and Leisure

Part III Functions of Sport and Leisure Management

13 Managing People in Sport and Leisure

14 Marketing of Sport and Leisure

15 Programming Sport and Leisure Services and Facilities

16 Quality and Performance Management in Sport and Leisure

17 Financial Management in Sport and Leisure

18 Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in Sport and Leisure

19 Law and Leisure Management

20 The Importance and Management of Events

21 Management Consulting in the Sport and Leisure Industry/

Graphs & Digraphs, Seventh Edition masterfully employs student-friendly exposition, clear proofs, abundant examples, and numerous exercises to provide an essential understanding of the concepts, theorems, history, and applications of graph theory. This classic text, widely popular among students and instructors alike for decades, is thoroughly streamlined in this new, seventh edition, to present a text consistent with contemporary expectations.

Changes and updates to this edition include:

A rewrite of four chapters from the ground up

Streamlining by over a third for efficient, comprehensive coverage of graph theory

Flexible structure with foundational Chapters 1–6 and customizable topics in Chapters 7–11

Incorporation of the latest developments in fundamental graph theory

Statements of recent groundbreaking discoveries, even if proofs are beyond scope

Completely reorganized chapters on traversability, connectivity, coloring, and extremal graph theory to reflect recent developments

The text remains the consummate choice for an advanced undergraduate level or introductory graduate-level course exploring the subject’s fascinating history, while covering a host of interesting problems and diverse applications. Our major objective is to introduce and treat graph theory as the beautiful area of mathematics we have always found it to be. We have striven to produce a reader-friendly, carefully written book that emphasizes the mathematical theory of graphs, in all their forms. While a certain amount of mathematical maturity, including a solid understanding of proof, is required to appreciate the material, with a small number of exceptions this is the only pre-requisite.

In addition, owing to the exhilarating pace of progress in the field, there have been countless developments in fundamental graph theory ever since the previous edition, and many of these discoveries have been incorporated into the book. Of course, some of the proofs of these results are beyond the scope of the book, in which cases we have only included their statements. In other cases, however, these new results have led us to completely reorganize our presentation. Two examples are the chapters on coloring and extremal graph theory.

Table of Contents

1 Graphs

1.1 Fundamentals

1.2 Isomorphism

1.3 Families of graphs

1.4 Operations on graphs

1.5 Degree sequences

1.6 Path and cycles

1.7 Connected graphs and distance

1.8 Trees and forests

1.9 Multigraphs and pseudographs

2 Digraphs

2.1 Fundamentals

2.2 Strongly connected digraphs

2.3 Tournaments

2.4 Score sequences

3 Traversability

3.1 Eulerian graphs and digraphs

3.2 Hamiltonian graphs

3.3 Hamiltonian digraphs

3.4 Highly hamiltonian graphs

3.5 Graph powers

4 Connectivity

4.1 Cut-vertices, bridges, and blocks

4.2 Vertex connectivity

4.3 Edge-connectivity

4.4 Menger's theorem

5 Planarity

5.1 Euler's formula

5.2 Characterizations of planarity

5.3 Hamiltonian planar graphs

5.4 The crossing number of a graph

6 Coloring

6.1 Vertex coloring

6.2 Edge coloring

6.3 Critical and perfect graphs

6.4 Maps and planar graphs

7 Flows

7.1 Networks

7.2 Max-flow min-cut theorem

7.3 Menger's theorems for digraphs

7.4 A connection to coloring

8 Factors and covers

8.1 Matchings and 1-factors

8.2 Independence and covers

8.3 Domination

8.4 Factorizations and decompositions

8.5 Labelings of graphs

9 Extremal graph theory

9.1 Avoiding a complete graph

9.2 Containing cycles and trees

9.3 Ramsey theory

9.4 Cages and Moore graphs

10 Embeddings

10.1 The genus of a graph

10.2 2-Cell embeddings of graphs

10.3 The maximum genus of a graph

10.4 The graph minor theorem

11 Graphs and algebra

11.1 Graphs and matrices

11.2 The automorphism group

11.3 Cayley color graphs

11.4 The reconstruction problem

This textbook provides an overview of the core concepts, theories and methods in strategic communication, using examples from research and experiences from practice.

Strategic Communication begins by explaining the fundamental concepts related to communication, organizations and strategy, and then explores the communication processes within leadership, reputation, crisis and change. The authors work to present a framework for the future, underpinned by the concept of Communicative Organizations. The content of this 2nd edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest research and practice examples, including a new chapter on ‘The Future of Strategic Communication’. The new edition also features enhanced pedagogical features to aid learning, such as key takeaways, and new international case studies and examples throughout.

After reading the book the student or reader will be able to define and reflect upon strategic communication as an academic field and professional practice, describe relevant theories and apply these to communication problems. It is primarily aimed towards Undergraduate students studying Strategic Communication, Corporate Communications, Public Relations and Marketing, as well as reflective practitioners looking to gain a more thorough and applied introduction to the field.

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Part I. Fundamentals

Chapter 1. What is communication?

Chapter 2. What is strategy?

Chapter 3. What is strategic communication?

Part II. Communication Processes and Organizations

Chapter 4. Strategic communication in Society and Market Places

Chapter 5. Organizational identity and culture

Chapter 6. Change and crisis communication

Chapter 7. Mediatization

Part III. Future Developments

Chapter 8. The Future of Strategic Communication – Communication Value and the Communicative Organization 

In some hands, history can be an inspirational and rewarding subject, yet in others it can seem dry and of little relevance. Learning to Teach History in the Secondary School, now in its fifth edition and established as one of the leading texts for all history student teachers, enables you to learn to teach history in a way that pupils will find interesting, enjoyable and purposeful. It incorporates a wide range of ideas about the teaching of history with practical suggestions for classroom practice.

The fifth edition has been thoroughly updated in the light of recent developments in the field of history education. The book contains chapters on:

• Purposes and benefits of school history

• Planning strategies

• Teaching approaches and methods

• Developing pupils’ historical understanding

• Ensuring inclusion

• New technologies in the history classroom

• Assessment and examinations

• Your own continuing professional development

Each chapter includes suggestions for further reading, weblinks to useful resources and a range of tasks enabling you to put learning into practice in the classroom. Written by experts in the field, Learning to Teach History in the Secondary School offers all training and newly qualified teachers comprehensive and accessible guidance to support the journey towards becoming an inspirational and engaging history teacher.

Table of Contents

List of figures

List of tasks

Website linked to the book

Acknowledgements

1. Introduction

2. The purposes and benefits of school history

3. Subject knowledge: what do history teachers need to know?

4. Planning for learning

5. Teaching approaches and methods: what can you do in a history lesson?

6. Developing pupils’ historical understanding (1) time, cause, change, similarity and difference, empathy, significance

7. Developing pupils’ historical understanding (2): interpretation, accounts, evidence, enquiry, substantive concepts

8. Ensuring inclusion in the history classroom

9. The use of new technology in the history classroom

10. Assessment in the history classroom

11. Teaching for external examinations

12. Continuing professional development

The tenth edition of Hall and Greeno's leading textbook has been reviewed and updated in relation to the latest building, wiring and water regulations, new technology and new legislation. For this edition, new updates include electric vehicle charging, overheating in buildings, waste water treatment, energy performance certification, mechanical ventilation, food waste recycling, electro-magnetic lifts, biogas processing and much more.

Building Services Handbook summarises the application of all common elements of building services practice, technique and procedure to provide an essential information resource for students as well as practitioners working in building services, building management and the facilities administration and maintenance sectors of the construction industry. Information is presented in a highly illustrated and accessible style.

The comprehensive reference for all construction and building services students, Building Services Handbook is ideal for a wide range of courses including T Level, NVQ and BTEC National through Higher National Certificate and Diploma to Foundation and three-year Degree level. The clear illustrations and complementary references to industry Standards combine essential guidance with a resource base for further reading and development of specific topics.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Cold Water Supply Systems

3. Hot Water Supply Systems

4. Heating Systems

5. Fuel Characteristics and Storage

6. Ventilation Systems

7. Air Conditioning

8. Drainage Systems, Sewage Treatment and Refuse Disposal

9. Sanitary Fitments and Appliances: Discharge and Waste Systems

10. Gas Installation, Components and Controls

11. Electrical Supply and Installations

12. Mechanical Conveyors - Lifts, Escalators and Travelators

13. Fire Prevention and Control Services

14. Security Installations

15. Accommodation for Building Services

16. Alternative and Renewable Energy

17. Appendices: Glossary of Common Abbreviations; Graphical Symbols for Pipe Work; Identification of Pipe Work; Graphical Symbols for Electrical Installation Work; Metrication, Introduction, Background and Development; Conversion of Common Imperial Units to Metric; Notation on Building Services Drawings

A central purpose of this book is to question the claims commonly made about the educational benefits of study abroad. Traditional metrics of enrollment increases and student self-report, and practices of structural immersion, are being questioned as educators voice growing uncertainty about what students are or are not in fact learning abroad. This book looks into whether these criticisms are justified—and what can be done if they are.The contributors to this book offer a counter-narrative to common views that learning takes place simply through students studying elsewhere, or through their enrolling in programs that take steps structurally to “immerse” them in the experience abroad.Student Learning Abroad reviews the dominant paradigms of study abroad; marshals rigorous research findings, with emphasis on recent studies that offer convincing evidence about what undergraduates are or are not learning; brings to bear the latest knowledge about human learning and development that raises questions about the very foundations of current theory and practice; and presents six examples of study abroad courses or programs whose interventions apply this knowledge. This book provokes readers to reconsider long-held assumptions, beliefs and practices about teaching and learning in study abroad and to reexamine the design and delivery of their programs. In doing so, it provides a new foundation for responding to the question that may faculty and staff are now asking: What do I need to know, and what do I need to be able to do, to help my students learn and develop more effectively abroad? Contributors:Laura BathurstMilton BennettGabriele Weber BosleyJohn EngleLilli Engle Tara HarveyMitchell HammerDavid KolbBruce La Brack Kris Hemming LouKate McClearyCatherine MenyhartR. Michael PaigeAngela PassarelliAdriana Medina-López PortilloMeghan QuinnJennifer Meta RobinsonRiikka SalonenVictor SavickiDouglas StuartMichael Vande BergJames ZullWhile the authors who have contributed to Student Learning Abroad are all known for their work in advancing the field of education abroad, a number have recently been honored by leading international education associations. Bruce La Brack received NAFSA’s 2012 Teaching, Learning and Scholarship Award for Innovative Research and Scholarship. Michael Paige (2007) and Michael Vande Berg (2012) are recipients of the Forum on Education Abroad’s Peter A. Wollitzer Award.

Table of Contents

PREFACE PART ONE. SETTING THE SCENE 1. Student Learning Abroad. Paradigms and Assumptions—Michael Vande Berg, R. Michael Paige, and Kris Hemming Lou 2. Why Students Are and Are Not Learning Abroad. A Review of Recent Research—R. Michael Paige and Michael Vande Berg PART TWO. FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING 3. Taking Stage Development Theory Seriously. Implications for Study Abroad—Douglas K. Stuart 4. Paradigmatic Assumptions of Intercultural Learning—Milton J. Bennett 5. The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI). A New Frontier in Assessment and Development of Intercultural Competence—Mitchell R. Hammer 6. Using Experiential Learning Theory to Promote Student Learning and Development in Programs of Education Abroad—Angela M. Passarelli and David A. Kolb 7. The Brain, Learning, and Study Abroad—James E. Zull 8. Anthropology, Intercultural Communication, and Study Abroad—Bruce La Brack and Laura Bathurst 9. The Psychology of Student Learning Abroad—Victor Savicki 10. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Support of Student-Centered Learning Abroad—Jennifer Meta Robinson PART THREE. PROGRAM APPLICATIONS. INTERVENING IN STUDENT LEARNING 11. Shifting the Locus of Intercultural Learning. Intervening Prior to and After Student Learning Abroad—Laura Bathurst and Bruce La Brack 12. Beyond Immersion. The American University Center of Provence Experiment in Holistic Intervention—Lilli Engle and John Engle 13. The Maximizing Study Abroad Project—R. Michael Paige, Tara A. Harvey, and Kate S. McCleary 14. Facilitating Intercultural Learning Abroad. The Intentional, Targeted Intervention Model—Kris Hemming Lou and Gabriele Weber Bosley 15. Developing a Global Learning and Living Community. A Case Study of Intercultural Experiences on The Scholar Ship—Adriana Medina-López-Portillo and Riikka Salonen 16. An Experiment in Developing Teaching and Learning. The Council on International Educational Exchange's Seminar on Living and Learning Abroad—Michael Vande Berg, Meghan Quinn, and Catherine Menyhart CONCLUSION 17. Intervening in Student Learning Abroad. Closing Insights—Kris Hemming Lou, Michael Vande Berg, and R. Michael Paige

This updated edition of a best-selling classic shows you how to structure your visuals as carefully as a writer structures a story or composers structure their music. The Visual Story teaches you how to design and control the structure of your production using the basic visual components of space, line, shape, tone, color, movement, and rhythm. You can use these components to effectively convey moods and emotions, create a visual style, and utilize the important relationship between the visual and the story structures.

Using over 700 color illustrations, author Bruce Block explains how understanding the connection between story and visual structures will guide you in the selection of camera angles, lenses, actor staging, composition, set design and locations, lighting, storyboard planning, camera coverage, and editing.

The Visual Story is an ideal blend of theory and practice. The concepts and examples in this new edition will benefit students learning cinematic production, as well as professional writers, directors, cinematographers, art directors, animators, game designers, and anyone working in visual media who wants a better understanding of visual structure.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE

THE BASIC VISUAL COMPONENTS

CHAPTER TWO

CONTRAST & AFFINITY

CHAPTER THREE

SPACE Part One

SPACE Part Two

CHAPTER FOUR

LINE & SHAPE

CHAPTER FIVE

TONE

CHAPTER SIX

COLOR

CHAPTER SEVEN

MOVEMENT

CHAPTER EIGHT

RHYTHM

CHAPTER NINE

STORY & VISUAL STRUCTURES

CHAPTER TEN

PRACTICE, NOT THEORY

APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PICTURE CREDITS

INDEX/

In Producing Great Sound for Film and Video, Fourth Edition audio guru Jay Rose revises his popular text for a new generation of filmmakers. You’ll learn practical, time-saving ways to get better recordings, solve problems with existing audio, create compelling tracks, and boost your filmmaking to the next level!

Here you’ll find real-world advice and practical guidelines for every aspect of your soundtrack: planning and budgeting, field and studio recording, editing, sound effects and music, audio repair, processing, and mixing. Rose’s combination of solid technical information and a clear, step-by-step approach has made this the go-to book for producers and film students for over a decade.

New in this edition:

Insights and from-the-trenches tips from top professionals

Instructions for getting the best results from new DSLRs and digital recorders

What you need to know about new regulations for wireless mics and broadcast loudness

An expanded "How Do I Fix This?" section to help you solve problems quickly

Whether you’re an aspiring filmmaker who wants better tracks, or an experienced professional looking for a reference, Producing Great Sound for Film and Video, Fourth Edition has the information you need.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Audio Basics

Chapter 2: How Digital Audio Works

Chapter 3: Audio on a Wire

Chapter 4: Planning and Pre-Pro

Chapter 5: Budgeting, Scheduling, and Pre-production

Chapter 6: Production Sound

Chapter 7: Production Mic Technique

Chapter 8: Production Recording

Chapter 9: Recording, Voice-overs, ADR, and Effects (available as an online supplement)

Chapter 10: Postproduction

Chapter 11: Postproduction Hardware

Chapter 12: Levels and Digitizing

Chapter 13: Editing Voices

Chapter 14: Working with Music

Chapter 15: Sound Effects

Chapter 16: Processing

Chapter 17: The Mix

Chapter 18: "Help! It Doesn’t Sound Right!"

Appendix A: Glossary

Appendix B: Resources

What do designers do during the activity of ‘designing’? How are creative thinking skills employed? What is design ability and how is it developed? Nigel Cross, one of design’s foremost scholars, explores through observation, analysis and reflection the often enigmatic elements of design thinking. Detailed case studies provide commentary on specific examples of design innovation and development, with interspersed chapters providing research-based overviews of design cognition. This new edition expands on the previous book with more emphasis on teamwork and co-design, and updated and expanded case studies and examples - including the development of a Formula One car and a backpack for mountain biking - as well as a new glossary of key terms. Written for all those wanting to understand more about how good designers work, regardless of discipline.

English for Journalists has established itself in newsrooms the world over as an invaluable guide to the basics of English and to those aspects of writing, such as reporting speech, house style and jargon, which are specific to the language of journalism. Written in a highly accessible and engaging style, English for Journalists covers the fundamentals of grammar, spelling, punctuation and journalistic writing, with all points illustrated through a series of concise and illuminating examples. The book features practical, easy-to-follow advice with examples of common mistakes and problem words.

This thirtieth anniversary edition features a revised first chapter on the state of English today by author Wynford Hicks, and a chapter on writing for social media by Gavin Allen, along with an updated glossary and references.

This is an essential guide to written English for practising journalists and students of journalism today.

Table of Contents

Introduction: how this book began

1 English today

2 Grammar: the rules

3 Grammar: 10 common mistakes

4 Grammar: problems and confusions

5 Spelling

6 Punctuation

7 Reporting speech

8 Style

9 Social media

10 Words

11 Foreign words

12 Figures

Appendix 1 Style guide

Appendix 2 The ‘fronted adverbial’ muddle

Appendix 3 Glossary of terms

Further reading

Index

This expanded and revised sixth edition of The Geography of Transport Systems provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. It explores the spatial aspects of transportation and focuses on how the mobility of passengers and freight is linked with geography.

The book is divided into ten chapters, each covering a specific conceptual dimension, including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation, and environmental impacts, and updated with the latest information available. The sixth edition offers new and updated material on information technologies and mobility, e-commerce, transport and the economy, mobility and society, supply chains, security, pandemics, energy and the environment, and climate change. With over 140 updated figures and maps, The Geography of Transport Systems presents transportation systems at different scales ranging from global to local.

This volume is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transportation, as well as those interested in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering. A companion website, which contains additional material such as photographs, maps, figures, and PowerPoint presentations, has been developed for the book and can be found here: https://transportgeography.org/

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 – Transportation and Geography

CONCEPTS

1. What is Transport Geography?

2. Transportation and Space

3. Historical Geography of Transportation

4. Transportation and Commercial Geography

CASE STUDY: Transportation and its Bottlenecks

Chapter 2 – Transportation and the Spatial Structure

CONCEPTS

1. The Geography of Transportation Networks

2. Transport and Spatial Organization

3. Transport and Location

4. Information Technologies and Mobility

CASE STUDY: The Digitalization of Mobility

Chapter 3 – Transportation, Economy and Society

CONCEPTS

1. Transport and Economic Development

2. Transportation and Society

3. Transport Costs

4. The Provision and Demand of Transportation Services

CASE STUDY: Tourism and Transport in a Post-Covid Era

Chapter 4 – Transport, Energy and Environment

CONCEPTS

1. Transport and Energy

2. Transportation and the Environment

3. The Environmental Footprint of Transportation

4. Transportation, Sustainability and Decarbonization

CASE STUDY: Climate Change and Transport Infrastructure

Chapter 5 – Transportation Modes

CONCEPTS

1. Land Transportation

2. Maritime Transportation

3. Air Transportation

4. Intermodal Transportation

CASE STUDY: High Speed Rail Systems

Chapter 6 – Transportation Terminals

CONCEPTS

1. The Function of Transport Terminals

2. Transport Terminals and Hinterlands

3. Port and Rail Terminals

4. Airports

CASE STUDY: Mega-Airport Projects.

Chapter 7 – Trade, Logistics and Freight Distribution

CONCEPTS

1. Globalization and International Trade

2. Freight Transportation and Value Chains

3. Logistics and Freight Distribution

CASE STUDY: Inland Ports and Logistics Zones

Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation

CONCEPTS

1. Transportation and Urban Form

2. Urban Land Use and Transportation

3. Urban Mobility

4. Urban Transport Challenges

CASE STUDY: E-commerce and Home Deliveries

Chapter 9 – Transport Planning and Policy

CONCEPTS

1. The Nature of Transport Policy

2. Transport Planning and Governance

3. Transport Safety and Security

4. Transportation, Disruptions and Resilience

CASE STUDY: The Challenge of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Transport Systems

Chapter 10 – Challenges for Transport Geography

CHALLENGES

1. Improving Transport Infrastructure

2. Governance and Management

3. Social and Environmental Responsibility

4. Future Transportation Systems

Appendix – Methods in Transport Geography

METHODS

1. Methods in Transport Geography

2. Definition and Properties of Graph Theory

3. Measures and Indices of Graph Theory

4. Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T)

5. Transportation and Accessibility

6. Network Data Models

7. Technical and Economic Performance Indicators

8. The Gini Coefficient

9. Spatial Interactions and the Gravity Model

10. Market Area Analysis

Public Policy Analysis, the most widely cited book on the subject, provides students with a comprehensive methodology of policy analysis. It starts from the premise that policy analysis is an applied social science discipline designed for solving practical problems facing public and nonprofit organizations. This thoroughly revised sixth edition contains a number of important updates:

Each chapter includes an all-new "big ideas" case study in policy analysis to stimulate student interest in timely and important problems.

The dedicated chapter on evidence-based policy and the role of field experiments has been thoroughly rewritten and expanded.

New sections on important developments in the field have been added, including using scientific evidence in public policymaking, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and "big data."

Data sets to apply analytical techniques are included online as IBM SPSS 23.0 files and are convertible to Excel, Stata, and R statistical software programs to suit a variety of course needs and teaching styles.

All-new PowerPoint slides are included to make instructor preparation easier than ever before.

Designed to prepare students from a variety of academic backgrounds to conduct policy analysis on their own, without requiring a background in microeconomics, Public Policy Analysis, Sixth Edition helps students develop the practical skills needed to communicate findings through memos, position papers, and other forms of structured analytical writing. The text engages students by challenging them to critically analyze the arguments of policy practitioners as well as political scientists, economists, and political philosophers.

Table of Contents

Preface.

Part 1. Methodology of Policy Analysis

1. The Process of Policy Analysis

2. Policy Analysis in the Policy-Making Process

Part 2. Methods of Policy Analysis

3. Structuring Policy Problems

4. Forecasting Expected Policy Outcomes

5. Prescribing Preferred Policies

6. Monitoring Observed Policy Outcomes

7. Evaluating Policy Performance

Part 3. Methods of Policy Communication

8. Developing Policy Arguments

9. Communicating Policy Analysis

Appendix 1. Policy Issue Papers

Appendix 2. Executive Summaries

Appendix 3. Policy Memoranda

Appendix 4. Oral Briefings

This book identifies the responsibilities of management in the regulatory territories of the FAA (USA), the EASA (European Union) and the GCAA (UAE), identifying the daily challenges of leadership in ensuring their company is meeting the regulatory obligations of compliance, safety and security that will satisfy the regulator while also meeting the fiducial responsibilities of running an economically viable and efficient lean company that will satisfy the shareholders.

Detailing each responsibility of the Accountable Manager, the author breaks them down to understandable and achievable elements where methods, systems and techniques can be applied to ensure the role holder is knowledgeable of accountabilities and is confident that they are not only compliant with the civil aviation regulations but also running an efficient and effective operation. This includes the defining of an Accountable Manager "tool kit" as well as possible software "dashboards" that focus the Accountable Manager on the important analytics, such as the information and data available, as well as making the maximum use of their expert post holder team.

This book will be of interest to leadership of all aviation- related companies, such as airlines, charter operators, private and executive operators, flying schools, aircraft and component maintenance facilities, aircraft manufacturers, engine manufacturers, component manufacturers, regulators, legal companies, leasing companies, banks and finance houses, departments of transport, etc; any relevant organisation regulated and licensed by civil aviation authority. It can also be used by students within a wide range of aviation courses at colleges, universities and training academies.

Now in its ninth edition, Air Transportation: A Global Management Perspective by John Wensveen is a well-proven, accessible textbook that offers a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of air transport management. In addition to explaining the fundamentals, the book transports the reader to the leading edge of the discipline, using past and present trends to forecast future challenges and opportunities the industry may face, encouraging the reader to think deeply about the decisions a manager implements.

The word "Global" has been added to the subtitle for this edition, reflecting an increased emphasis on worldwide operations, including North America, Latin America/Caribbean, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. The ninth edition focuses on the "Age of Acceleration," addressing trends related to emerging technologies, such as autonomy, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, 3-D printing, data analytics, blockchain, cybersecurity, etc. New material includes extra information on airport management and operations, air carrier business models, aviation risk, safety and security, and how changing political landscapes impact the aviation industry. Enhanced content is supported by the addition of new chapters and online supplemental resources, including PowerPoint presentations, chapter quizzes, exam questions, and links to online resources.

This wide-ranging textbook is appropriate for nearly all aviation programs that feature business and management. Its student-friendly structure and style make it highly suitable for modular courses and distance-learning programs, or for self-directed study and continuing personal professional development.

Table of Contents

Part One: An Introduction to Air Transportation 1. The Airline Industry: Trends, Challenges, and Strategies 2. Aviation: An Overview 3. Historical Perspective 4. Air Transportation: Regulators and Associations 5. The General Aviation Industry Part Two: Structure and Economics of the Airlines 6. The Airline Industry 7. Economic Characteristics of the Airlines Part Three: Managerial Aspects of Airlines 8. Airline Management and Organization 9. Forecasting Methods 10. Airline Passenger Marketing 11. #Mastering the Art of Airline Social Media 12. Airline Pricing, Demand, and Output Determination 13. Air Cargo 14. Principles of Airline Scheduling 15. Fleet Planning: The Aircraft Selection Process 16. Airline Labor Relations 17. Airline Financing Part Four: The International Scene 18. International Aviation

Packed with examples, this book offers a clear and engaging overview of ethical issues in business.

It begins with a discussion of foundational issues, including the objectivity of ethics, the content of ethical theories, and the debate between capitalism and socialism, making it suitable for the beginning student. It then examines ethical issues in business in three broad areas. The first is the market. Issues explored are what can be sold (the limits of markets) and how it can be sold (ethics in marketing). The second is work. Topics in this area are health and safety, meaningful work, compensation, hiring and firing, privacy, and whistleblowing. The third area is the firm in society. Here readers explore corporate social responsibility, corporate political activity, and the set of ethical challenges that attend international business.

Issues are introduced through real-world examples that underscore their importance and make them come alive. Arguments for opposing positions are given fair hearings and students are encouraged to develop and defend their own views.

Key Features

Introduces each topic with a real-world example, which is referenced regularly in the subsequent argument.

Contains a critical evaluation of capitalism and socialism, with a focus on private property, the market system, and the welfare state.

Explores the limits of markets and encourages students to ask what should and should not be for sale.

Explores the phenomena of corporate political activity and ethical consumerism.

Includes initial chapter overviews and – at the end of each chapter – study questions and suggested additional readings.

Table of Contents

1. Business, Ethics, and Business Ethics

1.1 What is Business?

1.2 What is Ethics?

1.3 Business Ethics and Business Law

1.4 Why Study Business Ethics?

1.5 What Is This Book Meant to Do and Not Do?

1.6 Plan of This Book

1.7 Chapter Summary

1.8 Study Questions

2. Skepticism about Ethics

2.1 Facts Versus Opinions

2.2 Truth

2.3 Proof

2.4 Chapter Summary

2.5 Study Questions

3. Ethics: Theory and Method

3.1 The Relevance of Ethical Theory

3.2 Ethical Theories

3.3 Searching for Common Ground

3.4 A Set of Principles

3.5 How to Make Progress

3.6 Chapter Summary

3.7 Study Questions

4. Political and Economic Systems

4.1 Capitalism Versus Socialism

4.2 The Welfare State

4.3 Private Versus Social Ownership of the Means of Production

4.4 Markets Versus Planning

4.5 Chapter Summary

4.6 Study Questions

5. What Can Be Sold?

5.1 Does It Work?

5.2 Is It Safe?

5.3 Is It Fit for Sale?

5.4 Chapter Summary

5.5 Study Questions

6. How Can It Be Sold?

6.1 What’s Good About Advertising?

6.2 Deception

6.3 Persuasion

6.4 Vulnerable Populations

6.5 Pricing

6.6 Chapter Summary

7.7 Study Questions

7. Ethics at Work, Part 1

7.1 Working at Amazon

7.2 Health and Safety

7.3 Meaningful Work

7.4 Control and Participation

7.5 Pay

7.6 Chapter Summary

7.7 Study Questions

8. Ethics at Work, Part 2

8.1 Who Is Hired? Who Can Be Fired?

8.2 Privacy at Work

8.3 Whistleblowing

8.4 Chapter Summary

8.5 Study Questions

9. Corporate Social Responsibility

9.1 Understanding the Issue

9.2 The Kind of Corporate Responsibility We Are Interested In

9.3 Merck and River Blindness

9.4 Milton Friedman and Shareholder Theory

9.5 R. Edward Freeman and Stakeholder Theory

9.6 CSR, the Shareholder/Stakeholder Debate, and Beneficence

9.7 Relying on Corporations

9.8 Chapter Summary

9.9 Study Questions

10. Business and Politics

10.1 Varieties of Corporate Political Activity

10.2 Corporate Political Activity that Makes the World a Better Place?

10.3 Corporate Political Activity and Private Interests: Against and For

10.4 Freedom of Expression

10.5 Corporate Political Activity and Democracy: Power and Equality

10.6 Corporate Political Activity and Democracy: Representation

10.7 Ethical Consumerism

10.8 Chapter Summary

10.9 Study Questions

11. Business Ethics Across Borders

11.1 The Garment Industry in Bangladesh

11.2 Cultural Relativism

11.3 Labor Conditions

11.4 Corruption and Bribery

11.5 Divestment

11.6 Chapter Summary

11.7 Study Questions

The seventh edition of Strategic Planning for Public Relations maintains its status as a leading text to guide students in developing successful public relations campaigns.

Deborah Silverman and Ronald Smith bring their experience as instructors and public relations professionals to the book, providing clear, step-by-step guidance on how to plan and implement strategic communications campaigns. This new edition includes diverse examples of current cases along with classic cases that stand the test of time. It includes new “Ethics Minutes” scenarios in each step, a new research step, and examples of award-winning public relations campaigns. It also significantly increases information on social media and features a reformatting of the tactics step into four separate parts based on the PESO model (paid media, earned media, shared media, and owned media).

As a leader in teaching public relations strategy, this text is ideal for students in upper division undergraduate and graduate courses in public relations strategy and campaigns.

Complementing the book are online resources for both students and instructors. For students: step overviews, useful links to professional organizations and resources, checklists for the ten steps in the planning process, and two sample campaigns. For instructors: an instructors’ manual, PowerPoint slides, sample syllabi, a critique evaluation worksheet, and checklists for the ten steps in the planning process. For these online resources, please visit www.routledge.com/9781032391168 .

Table of Contents

Preface

Who Uses This Textbook?

New to This Seventh Edition

Online Resources for Faculty and Students

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Introduction

Structure of This Book

Public Relations as Part of Management

Strategic Communication

Integrated Communication

Public Relations

Marketing Communication

Merging Communication Functions

Controversy about Integrated Communication

Benefits of Ethical Public Relations

Public Relations in the Public Interest

Advertising

PESO (Paid, Earned, Shared, and Owned Media)

Paid Media

Earned Media

Shared Media

Owned Media

Blending Categories

Step-by-Step Planning

Phase One: Formative Research

Phase Two: Strategy

Phase Three: Tactics

Phase Four: Evaluative Research

Effective Creativity

Roadmap to Success

Works Cited

Phase One: Formative Research

Step 1. Analyzing the Situation

Public Relations Situation

Learning From Research

Best Practice

Finding Consensus

Communicating with Clients

Issues Management

Risk Management

Crisis Management

Reputation Management

Ethics and Public Relations

Ethical Shortcomings

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 1: Analyzing the Situation

Checklist 1: Public Relations Situation

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 2. Choosing Research Methods

Can I Do My Own Research?

Research Ethics

Ethical Treatment of People

Ethical Use of Research Data

Sampling

Nonprobability Sampling

Probability Sampling

Sampling Error and Sample Size

Primary Research and Secondary Research

Secondary Research

Secondary Information Sources

Primary Research

Surveys

Focus Groups

Interviews

Content Analysis

Closing Thoughts about Research

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 2: Choosing Research Methods

Checklist 2: Research Methods

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 3. Analyzing the Organization

Structure of Organizations

Situation Analysis

Internal Environment

Public Perception

Promoting Perception

External Environment

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 3: Analyzing the Organization

Checklist 3A: Internal Environment

Checklist 3B: Public Perception

Checklist 3C: External Environment

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 4. Analyzing the Publics

Public

Public, Market, Audience, Stakeholder

Interrelationships

Characteristics of Publics

Categories of Publics

Intercessory Public

Opinion Leader

Vocal Activist

Key Public

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Public Relations

Planning Example 4A: Identifying Publics

Checklist 4A: Publics

Analyzing Key Publics

Stage of Development

Characteristics of Key Publics

Stereotype

Native American Stereotype

Arab Americans and American Muslims

Italian American Stereotype

Asian American Stereotype

LGBTQ Stereotype

Cultural Context

Rethinking Your Publics

Benefit Statement

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 4B: Analyzing Key Publics

Checklist 4B: Key Publics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Two: Strategy

Step 5. Creating Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Positioning

Research for Positioning

Ethics of Positioning

Goal

Objective

Elements of Objectives

Hierarchy of Objectives

Developing Objectives

Writing Objectives

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 5: Creating Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Checklist 5: Positioning Statements, Goals, and Objectives

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Notes

Works Cited

Step 6. Choosing Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Proactive Strategy

Reactive Strategy

Proactive Strategy 1: Action

Organizational Performance

Audience Engagement

Special Event

Alliance, Coalition, Partnership

Sponsorship

Strategic Philanthropy

Corporate Social Responsibility

Volunteerism

Activism

Proactive Strategy 2: Communication

Publicity

Newsworthy Information

Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News

Generating News

Celebrity Endorsements

Congressional Testimony

News Peg

Transparent Communication

Transparency about Public Health: COVID-19 Communication

Reactive Public Relations Strategies

Reactive Strategy 1: Preemptive Action

Prebuttal

Reactive Strategy 2: Offensive Response

Attack

Embarrassment

Shock

Threat

Doubledown

Reactive Strategy 3: Defensive Response

Denial

Excuse

Justification

Strategic Reversal

Reactive Strategy 4: Diversionary Response

Concession

Ingratiation

Disassociation

Relabeling

Reactive Strategy 5: Vocal Commiseration

Concern

Condolence

Regret

Apology

Reactive Strategy 6: Rectifying Behavior

Investigation

Corrective Action

Restitution

Repentance

Reactive Strategy 7: Deliberate Inaction

Strategic Silence

Strategic Ambiguity

Strategic Inaction

Weighing Options and Making Ethical Judgments

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 6: Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Checklist 6: Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 7. Developing the Message Strategy

Communication Process

Information: Flow of Communication

Persuasion: Attempt to Influence

Dialogue: Quest for Understanding

Rhetorical Tradition of Persuasive Communication

Ethos: Message Source

Credibility: Power to Inspire

Charisma: Power of Personal Charm

Control: Power of Command

Organizational Spokespeople

Celebrity Spokesperson

Company Spokesperson

Spokespeople and Ethics

Paid Endorsements

Planning Example 7A: Selecting Message Source

Checklist 7A: Message Source

Logos: Appeal to Reason

Verbal Evidence

Visual Supporting Evidence

Errors of Logic

Statistics

Pathos: Appeal to Sentiment

Positive Emotional Appeal

Negative Emotional Appeal

Planning Example 7B: Determining Message Appeal

Checklist 7B: Message Appeal

Verbal Communication

Message Structure

Message Content

Nonverbal Communication

Kinesics (Body Language)

Oculesics (Eye Contact)

Proxemics (Social Space)

Haptics (Touching)

Vocalics (Language Cues)

Chronemics (Timing)

Visual and Aural Communication

Symbol

Logo

Physical Artifact

Clothing

People

Mascot

Color

Music

Language

Branding the Strategic Message

Language of Branding

Lessons about Branding

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 7C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Checklist 7C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Three: Tactics

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 1: Owned Media

The PESO Model

Owned Media Tactics

Strategy for Owned Media

Digital Media

Electronic Media

Interpersonal Communication

Print and Online Publications

Direct Mail

Ethics Minute

What's Next?

Planning Example 8A: Selecting Owned Media Tactics

Checklist 8A: Owned Media Tactics

Answer Key for Ethics Minute

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 2 – Earned Media

Earned Media Tactics

Strategy for Earned Media

News Media Theories and Public Relations

Television

Radio

News Blog

Newspapers

Magazines

Public Relations and Earned Media

Direct News Subsidy

Indirect News Subsidy

Opinion Subsidy

Interactive Media Engagement

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8B: Selecting Earned Media Tactics

Checklist 8B: Earned Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 3 – Shared Media

Shared Media Tactics

Strategy for Shared Media

Social Networking Sites

Microblogs

Video and Photo Sharing

Livestreaming

Disappearing Content Formats

Instant Messaging

Discussion Forums

Social Audio Platforms

Wikis

Closed/Private Community Groups

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8C: Selecting Shared Media Tactics

Checklist 8C: Shared Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 8. Selecting Communication Tactics, Part 4 – Paid Media

Paid Media

Strategy for Paid Media

Digital Media Advertising

Television and Radio Advertising

Print Advertising

Out-of-Home Advertising

Promotional Items

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 8D: Selecting Paid Media Tactics

Checklist 8D: Paid Media Tactics

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Step 9. Implementing the Strategic Plan

Packaging Communication Tactics

Thinking Creatively

Putting the Program Together

Planning Example 9A: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Checklist 9A: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Campaign Plan Book

Campaign Schedule

Frequency of Tactics

Timeline of Tasks

Campaign Budget

Budget Items

Approaches to Budgeting

Fixed Budget

Variable Budget

Full-Cost Budgeting

Optimal Success

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 9B: Implementing the Strategic Plan

Checklist 9B: Strategic Plan

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Phase Four: Evaluative Research

Step 10. Evaluating the Strategic Plan

What to Evaluate

Design Questions

Methods of Evaluative Research

Evaluation Criteria

When to Evaluate

Approaches to Research Design

Factors in Evaluation Design

How to Evaluate

Judgmental Assessment

Communication Outputs

Evaluating Awareness Objectives

Evaluating Acceptance Objectives

Evaluating Action Objectives

Data Analysis

Ultimate Evaluation: Value-Added Public Relations

Ethics Minute

What’s Next?

Planning Example 10: Evaluating the Strategic Plan

Checklist 10: Evaluation Plan

Ethics Minute Answer Key

Works Cited

Appendix A. Media Engagement

Reputation

Reputation and Performance

Reputation as a Strategic Tool

Reputation Management

Reputation and News Media

Reputation as a Participant Activity

Headlines and Bottom Lines

Media Relations

Media Relations…from the Media Side

Media Relations…from the Organization Side

Media Relations…from Both Sides

Reputational Bumps and Bruises

Points for Consideration

Credibility

Interview Setting

If You Are Asked for an Interview

Dress for Interview Success

Interview Posture

Interview Planning

Preparing for an Interview

Be-Attitudes for Interview Success

Interview Attitude

Communicating during an Interview

Problem Interviews

After an Interview

Appendix B. Crisis Communication

Types of Crises

Sudden vs Smoldering Crises

Crisis Strategy

Crisis Messaging

Preparing for Crises

Appendix C. Example of a Content Analysis

Example of a Content Analysis

Appropriate Topic

Population and Sample

Unit of Analysis

Mechanics of Study

Data Reporting

Data Analysis

Recommendations

Glossary

Index







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