The text offers a comprehensive and unique perspective on disaster risk associated with natural hazards. It covers a wide range of topics, reflecting the most recent debates but also older and pioneering discussions in the academic field of disaster studies as well as in the policy and practical areas of disaster risk reduction (DRR). This book will be of particular interest to undergraduate students studying geography and environmental studies/science. It will also be of relevance to students/professionals from a wide range of social and physical science disciplines, including public health and public policy, sociology, anthropology, political science and geology.

Table of Contents

Part I: The nature and impact of disasters. 1.What’s disaster risk? 2.Where and when do disasters occur? 3.The impact of disasters. Part II: Vulnerabilities and capacities. 4.Why do disasters occur? 5.People’s vulnerability. 6.People’s capacities. Part III: Natural and socio-natural hazards. 7.Endogenous processes: Earthquake, Volcanoes and Tsunamis. 8.Gravity-Driven ‘Natural’ Exogenous Processes. 9.Climatological and hydro-meteorological hazards. 10.Socio-natural hazards. Part IV: People’s response to and resilience during and after disasters. 11.People’s behaviour in time of disaster. 12.People’s resilience. 13.Moving Towards Disaster Recovery. Part V: Disaster risk reduction and management. 14.Disaster risk reduction. 15.Disaster management. 16.Fostering disaster recovery. 17.Conclusions

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This eighth edition of Joseph Turow’s pathbreaking media textbook uses convergence as a lens that puts students at the center of the profound changes in the 21st century media world. It teaches students to think critically about the role of media, and what these changes mean for their lives.

The book’s media systems approach helps students to look carefully at how media content is created, distributed, and exhibited in the new world that the digital revolution has created. From news media to video games and social networking to mobile platforms, it provides students with the tools they need to understand and critique the media they encounter and consume. The first part examines the media world as a whole, while the second delves deep into key media industries, such as the movie, television, and video game industries. This new edition includes critical expanded coverage of social media, new forms of both audio and audiovisual media and international case studies, as well as updated figures, tables, and pedagogy, including key terms and further activities.

Media Today is an excellent introduction to the world of media in the digital age, perfect for students seeking a solid grounding in media studies. Extensive pedagogical materials also make this a highly teachable book, well suited to the classroom.

The accompanying website has also been updated with new student and instructor resources, including chapter recaps, recommended readings, and instructor’s manual.

For more information on the changes in this latest edition, please click here.

Table of Contents

Part I: The Nature and Business of Media; 1. Understanding Mass Media, Convergence, and the Importance of Media Literacy; 2. Making Sense of Research on Media Effects and Media Culture; 3. The Business of Media; 4. Financing and Shaping the Media: Advertising, Public Relations, and Marketing Communications; 5. Controls on Media Content: Government Regulation, Self-Regulation, and Ethics; Part II: The Media Industries; 6. The Internet Industry; 7. The Book Industry; 8. The News Industry; 9. The Magazine Industry; 10. The Recording Industry; 11. The Audio Industry; 12. The Movie Industry; 13. The Television and Video Streaming Industry; 14. The Video Game Industry.

Now in its sixth edition, the hugely popular Digital Marketing Excellence is a practical guide to creating and executing integrated digital marketing plans, combining established approaches to marketing planning with the creative use of new digital models and digital tools.　

Written by two highly experienced digital marketing consultants, the book shows you how to:

Draw up an outline integrated digital marketing plan

Evaluate and apply digital marketing principles and models

Integrate online and offline communications

Implement customer-driven digital marketing as part of digital transformation

Reduce costly trial and error

Measure and enhance your digital marketing

Learn best practices for reaching and engaging your audiences using the key digital marketing platforms.

This new edition has been streamlined to seamlessly integrate the latest developments in digital analytics, ethics and privacy, Predictive Analytics, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Including new international case studies and up-to-date examples throughout, this book cuts through the jargon to show marketers how to leverage data and digital technologies to their advantage.

Offering a highly structured and accessible guide to a critical and far-reaching subject, Digital Marketing Excellence, 6th edition,provides a vital reference point for all digital marketing students, and managers involved in digital marketing strategy and implementation.

Online resources have been fully updated for the new edition and include a new set of PowerPoint slides and a full test bank of questions and exercises.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Digital Marketing

2. Digital Customers

3. Digital Models

4. Content Marketing

5. Create Integrated Campaigns

6. Social Media Marketing

7. Digital Communications

8. Designing Digital Experiences

9. Digital Innovation

10. Digital Marketing Plan

Strategic Management for Tourism, Hospitality and Events is the must-have text for students approaching this subject for the first time. It introduces students to fundamental strategic management principles in a tourism, hospitality and events context and brings theory to life by integrating a host of industry-based case studies and examples throughout.

This fourth edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the major changes in strategic direction for these industries due to the most significant global crisis ever, as well as significant technology advances and issues related to sustainability.

New features and topics in this fourth edition include:

New international tourism, hospitality and events case studies from both SMEs and large-scale businesses are integrated throughout to show applications of strategic management theory. New Technology Focus short cases are included, as well as longer combined sector case studies on topics such as COVID-19 impacts

A new chapter on sustainability and corporate social responsibility explores how the principles of sustainability can be incorporated into the strategy of tourism, hospitality and events organizations

Technology is integrated into all chapters, looking at big data, artificial intelligence, the external political environment, social media and e-marketing, absorptive capacity and innovation

Impacts and implications of COVID-19 are discussed, considering industry responses, financial implications and future emergent strategies

A contemporary view incorporates the broad range of academic literature and industry developments that have emerged in recent years and provides a particular focus on smaller organizations, recognizing their key role

Web support for tutors and students provides explanations and guidelines for instructors on how to use the textbook and case studies, additional exercises and video links for students

This book is written in an accessible and engaging style and structured logically, with useful features throughout to aid students’ learning and understanding. It is an essential resource for tourism, hospitality and events students.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Strategy and the Tourism, Hospitality and Events Contexts

1. Strategy and Strategic Objectives for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

2. Introduction to Strategy for Tourism, Hospitality and Events

Part 2: Analysing the Internal Environment

3. Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – The Operational Context: Sources of Competitive Advantage

4. Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – The Human Resources Context

5. Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – The Financial Context

6. Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – The Products and Markets Context

Part 3: Analysing the External Environment and SWOT

7. The External Environment for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – The Macro Context

8. The External Environment for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – The Competitive Context

9. SWOT Analysis for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

Part 4: Strategic Options

10. Competitive Strategy for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

11. Strategic Directions for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

12. Strategic Methods of Development for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

13. Strategic Evaluation and Selection for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

Part 5: Strategy in Action

14. Strategic Implementation for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

15. International and Global Strategies for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

16. Sustainability Strategy for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations

17. Strategic Management for Tourism, Hospitality and Event Organizations – Strategy in Practice

Part 6: Case Analysis for Tourism, Hospitality and Events

Case Study Summary

Case/Chapter Correlation

Case 1 Competing or Cooperating in the Airline Industry: Strategic Alliances or Going it Alone?

Case 2 Thomas Cook vs TUI: Survival of the Fittest

Case 3 Queensland Australia: Tourism and Events Strategic Positioning and Promotion

Case 4 IHG – Competing on the World Stage

Case 5 RX – Strategic Issues for a Leading Events Management Company

Case 6 Airbnb: Back to the Future – a ‘Disruptor’ for Global Hospitality

The taxation of extractive industries exploiting oil, gas, or minerals is usually treated as a sovereign, national policy and administration issue.This book offers a uniquely comprehensive overview of the theory and practice involved in designing policies on the international aspects of fiscal regimes for these industries, with a particular focus on developing and emerging economies.

International Taxation and the Extractive Industries addresses key topics that are not frequently covered in the literature, such as the geo-political implications of cross-border pipelines and the legal implications of mining contracts and regional financial obligations. The contributors, all of whom are leading researchers with experience of working with governments and companies on these issues, present an authoritative collection of chapters. The volume reviews international tax rules, covering both developments in the G20-OECD project on ’Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’ and more radical proposals, identifying core challenges in the extractives sector.

This book should become a core resource for both scholars and practitioners. It will also appeal to those interested in international tax issues more widely and those who study environmental economics, macroeconomics and development economics.

Table of Contents

Preface

CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Overview

(Philip Daniel, Michael Keen, Artur Swistak and Victor Thuronyi)

CHAPTER 2: Principles and Practice of International Taxation for the Extractive Industries

(Michael Keen and Peter Mullins)

CHAPTER 3: An Overview of Transfer Pricing In Extractive Industries

(Stephen E. Shay)

CHAPTER 4: Transfer Pricing – Special Extractive Industry Issues

(Jack Calder)

CHAPTER 5: International Tax and Treaty Strategy in Resource–Rich Developing Countries: Experience and Approaches

(Philip Daniel and Victor Thuronyi)

CHAPTER 6: Extractive Investments and Tax Treaties: Issues for Investors

(Janine Juggins)

CHAPTER 7: Taxing Gains on Transfer of Interest

(Lee Burns, Honoré Le Leuch and Emil M. Sunley)

CHAPTER 8: Fiscal Issues for Cross-border Natural Resource Projects

(Joseph C. Bell and Jasmina B. Chauvin)

CHAPTER 9: International Oil and Gas Pipelines: Legal, Tax, and Tariff Issues

(Honoré Le Leuch)

CHAPTER 10: The Design of Joint Development Zones Treaties and International Unitization Agreements

(Peter Cameron)

CHAPTER 11: Fiscal Schemes for Joint Development of Petroleum: A Primer and an Evaluation

(Philip Daniel, Chandara Veung and Alistair Watson)

CHAPTER 12: Taxes, Royalties and Cross-border Resource Investments

(Jack Mintz)

CHAPTER 13: Tax Competition and Coordination in Extractive Industries

(Mario Mansour and Artur Swistak)

Uptime describes the combination of activities that deliver fewer breakdowns, improved productive capacity, lower costs, and better environmental performance. The bestselling second edition of Uptime has been used as a textbook on maintenance management in several postsecondary institutions and by many companies as the model framework for their maintenance management programs.

Following in the tradition of its bestselling predecessors, Uptime: Strategies for Excellence in Maintenance Management, Third Edition explainshow to deal with increasingly complex technologies, such as mobile and cloud computing, to support maintenance departments and set the stage for compliance with international standards for asset management.

This updated edition reflects a far broader and deeper wealth of experience and knowledge. In addition, it restructures its previous model of excellence slightly to align what must be done more closely with how to do it.

The book provides a strategy for developing and executing improvement plans that work well with the new values prevalent in today's workforce. It also explains how you can use seemingly competing improvement tools to complement and enhance each other.

This edition also highlights action you can take to compensate for the gradual loss of skills in the current workforce as "baby boomers" retire.

Table of Contents

LEADERSHIP

Building a Maintenance Strategy

Business of Maintenance Management

Framework for the Strategy

Strategy Components

Strategy Development

Developing the Vision

Maintenance Review

Closing the Gap—Planning Implementation

Contract Maintenance

Uptime Summary

Endnotes

People and Teamwork

People Really Are Your Most Important Asset

Teams

Managing Change

Organizing the Maintenance Structure

Multiskilling

Learning, Training, and Development

ESSENTIALS

Work Management

Work Management Cycle

Six Key Steps

Planning Horizons

Shutdown Management

Planning and Scheduling Tools

Planning Standards

Mobile Workforce Management

Uptime Summary

Endnotes

Basic Care

The Minimum Is Not Always Enough

Beyond the Minimum: Basic Care

5S Asset Management Housekeeping Excellence

5S Audits

Before you Start 5S

Uptime Summary

Materials Management

Planning, Scheduling, and Materials Management

E-Business

MRO Improvements

Uptime Summary

5

Endnote

Performance Management

Measuring Maintenance

Benchmarking Maintenance

Uptime Summary

Endnotes

Management and Support Systems for Maintenance

Systems Are Not Replacements for Strategy

What Management Systems Should Do

Different Types of Management Systems

Specialized Support Systems

Implementation Considerations

Justifying Your CMMS

Hardware and Software Tools: An Overview

Where Are We Headed with Systems?

Uptime Summary

Endnotes

CHOOSING EXCELLENCE

Asset Reliability 1: Being Proactive

Reliability-Centered Maintenance

Business of Maintenance Management

Simplified RCM Methods

Implementing RCM Successfully

Uptime Summary

Endnotes

Reliability Approaches 2: Quick Start and Continuous Improvement

Preventive Maintenance Optimization

Reliability and Simulation Modeling

Uptime Summary

Endnotes

Evidence-Based Asset Management

Evidence-Based Asset Management

Optimizing Life-Cycle Costing Decisions

Economic Life of an Asset

Optimizing Maintenance Tactics

Calculating Spare-Part Requirements

Optimizing Failure-Finding Intervals

Uptime Summary

ASSET MANAGEMENT

Asset Management

What Is Asset Management?

Standards, "Anatomy," and "Landscape"

Documentation, Record Keeping, and Information Management

Certification

Putting Uptime in an Asset Management Context

Uptime Summary

Information Management and Governance

Defining the Aim Program

Uptime Summary

THE JOURNEY

Implementing Uptime

Why Bother?

Getting there—Implementing Uptime

Assessments vs. Training

A New Approach

Planning

Governance

Initiative Overload

Action Teams

Middle Management

Just Do It

Sustainability

Uptime Summary

Conclusion

Endnotes

Bibliography

Appendix A: The Uptime Assessment

Appendix B: Glossary of Maintenance Terminology

Appendix C: Rapid Preventive Maintenance (PM) Deployment

Suggestions

Index

Events of all types are produced every day for all manner of purposes, attracting all sorts of people. To provide a safe and secure setting in which people gather is imperative. Event risk and hazard management must be fully integrated into all event plans and throughout the event management process.

Hazard management is the planning process required for the effective management of potential adverse incidents and areas of uncertainty. It involves intensive, detailed planning and cooperation to apply control systems to minimise hazards associated with venues, outdoor sites, work procedures, facilities, equipment and crowds of spectators. It involves planning for emergencies and security, and compliance with legal constraints and requirements.

Risk and Hazard Management for Festivals and Events provides students with a comprehensive, fully integrated planning and management mechanism that can be applied to events of all types and size. The Event Safety Management System provides guidelines and processes for proactive methods to identify, assess and control hazardous conditions and practices. The system incorporates design of festival venues and sites, and unites the operational functions of crowd control, communications, security, terrorism prevention processes and emergency response protocols.　　　　

Explanation of the causes of crowd disasters and studies into crowd behaviour are supported with international case studies. Written in an accessible, practical way, this book is essential reading for all events students and event managers.

Table of Contents

Contents

Lists of figures

List of tables

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter one. Event Hazard and Risk Management: Regulations and Legislation

Chapter Objectives

Duty of Care

ALARP - Managing hazard to a level that is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’

Occupational Health and Safety

Defining occupational health and safety (OH&S)

Workplace Health and Safety Responsibilities

Persons Conducting a Business or Undertaking

Consultation

Definition of Worker

Other Persons at an Event

Laws, Regulations and Codes of Practice

Regulations - Prescriptive standards

Performance-based standards

Process standards

Codes of practice

Administration of Legislation

Inspections

Notification

Waivers

Manage the Risk.

Transfer the Risk.

Process

Summary

References and Bibliography

　

　

Chapter two. Event Safety Management System (ESMS)

Chapter Objectives

Event safety policy

Organisational Structure and Allocation of Responsibilities

Health and safety officer

Partnerships

Multi-Agency Teamwork

Implementing a Safety Planning Process

Hazard and Risk Management Process

Hazard Management Definitions

Hazard Evaluation

Establish the Context

The main steps in identifying hazardous conditions

Checklists

Evaluation of Hazards

Software

Control of Hazards

Protocols

Public

Specific

Comprehensive

Monitoring and evaluation

Monitor and Review

Information management

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter three. Understanding Crowd Disasters

Chapter Objectives

Death and Injury in Crowds at Festivals and Events

Crowd Crush

Crowd Turbulence or Crowd Quake

Defining Crowds

One Crowd or Many

Crowd Behaviour theory

Crowding Perception

Place Scripts (habitual behaviour in a place)

Crowd Behaviour in an Emergency

Summary

References and Bibliography

　

Chapter four. Crowd Management Planning

Chapter Objectives

Managing Crowds

Crowd Management or Crowd Control

Planning and Preparation

Good practice manuals for crowd management planning

What If...? Simulation Modelling

Modelling Techniques

Various Models for Simulating Crowd Behaviours

Evacuation Simulation Software

‘What If’ Exercises

DIM-ICE Model

Summary

References and Bibliography

　

Chapter five. Space and Flow in Public Areas

Chapter Objectives

Space

Density & Movement

Crowd Flow

Crowd Processing

Early opening and delayed closing

Ticketing

Queueing theory

Flow charts

Crowd Monitoring & Control

Crowd Characteristics

Crowd Control Staff

Assessing required staff numbers

Stewarding and Ushering

Crowd Monitoring Tasks

Monitoring Points

Closed circuit television (CCTV)

Post Event Dispersal of the Crowd

Staff Crowd Management Training

Communicating with the Crowd

Pre-event communication

During the Event

Communication Messages

Site Administration office – Communications Centre.

On site communication systems

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter six. Safe Site Design

Chapter Objectives

Estimates of Audience Numbers

Site and Venue Safety Evaluation

Pre-event Inspection

Environmental hazards

Swimming and Water Areas

Site Layout and Design

Separation issues

Crowd

Traffic -related issues

Access Entry

Emergency Services Access

Street and Unconfined Events

Site Maps

Creating the Site Map

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Vehicle Traffic Management

Crowd

Traffic –separation related issues

Parking

Secure Parking

Traffic and parking controls

Public transport

Event signage

Entrances and Perimeters

Barriers and Fences

Entrances and Exits

Internal site movement control

Stairways, gangways and ramps

Auditorium

Seating

Location of stages

Accommodating special needs

Facilities and Stalls.

Restricted areas

Backstage

Green Room

Stage

On Site Facilities and Services

Site Lighting and Power Requirements

Power supply

Stages, Platforms, and Other Performance Facilities

Temporary Structures

Doors and windows

Seating

Loading

Toilet facilities

Food Vendors and Staff Toilets

Maintenance

Campgrounds

Water

Waste Management

Litter management

On Site First Aid - Emergency Medical Aid

Medical Teams

First Aid Facilities

Ambulance services

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter seven. Site Management - Production and Operational Work Practice Hazards

Chapter Objectives

Production - overseeing and co-ordinating the site/venue set-up

Site Construction Scheduling

Production Scheduling

Schedule of resource supply

Site Construction

Precinct control

Sub-contractor management

Safety Monitoring

Weather Impacts

On Site Operations & Facility Control

Site Operations

Immediate Pre opening activities

Supervision of the event operation and venue services

Compliance

On Site Staff Communications

Overseeing of the event breakdown

Safe Work Practices and Equipment Use

Violence

Assessing the risk

Controlling the risk

Response to violent incidents

Stress

Identifying stress

Assessing the risk

Controlling the risk

Ergonomics

Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment

Performance Area and Stage Safety

Hazardous Equipment

Registration, licensing, certification, permit to work

Hazard identification and assessment process

Overseeing equipment use work processes

Common types of controls associated with equipment.

Stop work

Key information transfer and feedback

Staging Equipment

Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods

Control

Fireworks and flares

Fire safety

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter eight. Food, Alcohol and Drugs

Chapter Objectives

Food

Food Vans or Stalls

Refuse Disposal

Hand Washing

Food Supplies

Food Handling

Thawing, Cooking, Heating and Cooling

Cleaning and Sanitising

Chemical Storage

Food Storage - Temperature Control

Food Handling Staff Considerations

Gas Cylinders

Other stall holders

Tattooing and Body Piercing

Alcohol and Drug Use at Festivals

Safe Partying

Adverse Health and Social Effects

Implementing strategies to assist guests to drink responsibly

Responsible service of alcohol

Staff

Alcohol-free events

Selling Alcohol

Time

Designated area

Wristbanding

Food

Signage

Monitoring guests for intoxication

Refusing to serve alcohol to intoxicated guests

Removal of patrons from licensed premises

Assisted Removals

Other considerations

On Site Breathalyzers

Illicit Drugs

Mixing Alcohol and Drugs

Overdoses

Pill Testing

Support for testing

Arguments against testing

Water

Chill Out Space

Health Promotion

Infection Control and Personal Hygiene Issues

Sexual assault at music festivals

Offensive Behaviour

Summary

References and Bibliography

　

Chapter nine. Security and Law Enforcement On-Site

Chapter Objectives

Police

General security staff

Screening and Patrolling

Briefing

Security Procedures

Passes

Media Passes

Temporary Passes

Searching of persons entering the event

Bag Checks

Body searches

Warning notices

Confiscated items

Staff

Selecting a security contractor

Security Screening of Staff

Controls

Pre-employment Screening

Pre-employment checks

Identity

Qualifications and employment history

Employment checks

Criminal convictions

Security checks for contractor staff

Performer, Celebrity and VIP security

Shared Responsibilities

Liaison with VIP security

Celebrity behaviour

High profile events

Enhanced Security Provision at High Profile Events

Extra measures to be considered

VIP Area Passes

Security passes

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter ten. Counter Terrorism Protective Security

Chapter Objectives

Counter Terrorism Protective Security Advice for Major Events

Managing the Terrorism Risks

Protective Measures

Step One: Identify the threats.

Step Two: Protecting and identifying vulnerabilities.

Step Three: Identify measures to reduce risk

Step Four: Review security measures and rehearse and review security and contingency plans.

Threat Levels

Response Levels

Security Planning

Creating the Security Plan

Staff Security awareness

Improvised explosive devices

Explosive effects of a bomb

Causes of fatalities, injuries and damage from blasts

Controls

Protocols applicable to most incidents

Site search

Bomb Threat

Suicide Bomb Attacks

Controls

Firearm Attacks

Controls

Staff Protocols for a firearms

weapons incident

Police response

Protected Spaces

Open air events

Suspicious Deliveries

Chemical, biological or radiological material attacks

Heavy vehicle attacks

Hostile Reconnaissance

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter eleven. Emergency Response

Chapter Objectives

Cancelling the Event

Suspending or re-scheduling

Cancellation process

Emergency Operations Centre (EOC)

Documented procedures

Staff

Transition considerations

Emergency power

Emergency Communications Systems

Informing the public of an emergency

Staff communications during an emergency

Emergency Communications Planning

Interagency communications

Use of Social Media

Protocols for responding to an emergency

Emergency Grab Bags

Evacuation

Planning

Decision to evacuate

Delayed warnings

Instructions to the public

Warning Interpretation

Information and Instruction

Crowd Behaviours in Emergencies

Evacuation guidance

Emergency Signs

Leadership

Evacuation Assembly Areas

Actions within the assembly area

Post-emergency recovery phase

When to re-open the venue

Staff training

Emergency Drills

Equipment Testing

Summary

References and Bibliography

Chapter twelve. Incident Reporting & Investigation

Chapter Objectives

Incident Investigation Processes

Incident protocols

Investigations

Gathering information

Investigating the Incident Cause

Causal analysis tree model of an investigation

Incident Report

Post Event Hazard Control Review and Report

Recording issues

Debriefing

Revising plans and procedures

Appendix

Case Studies

Index

/

Fully updated and revised, this seminal book explains and illustrates what photographs are, how they were made and used in the past and, more particularly, what their place is in the creative arts and visual communications world of today.

Paul Hill looks at photographs as modes of expression and explores the diversity of approaches taken when creating photographs and what these mean for a photographer’s practice and purpose. It emphasises the importance of contextualisation to the understanding of the medium, diving into the ideas behind the images and how the camera transforms and influences how we see the world. With an impressive collection of 200 full colour images from professional practitioners and artists, it invites us to consider the foundations of photography’s past and the digital revolution’s impact on the creation and dissemination of photographs today.

Essential reading for all students of photography, it is an invaluable guide for those who want to make a career in photography, covering most areas of photographic practice from photojournalism to fine art to personal essay.

Table of Contents

Foreword by Roger Taylor

Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Chapter One: SEEING AND THINKING PHOTOGRAPHICALLY

Reading Photographs

Lenses and Angles

‘Flattening’ the 3-D World

Tones and Hues

The Focal Point

Juxtaposition

Metaphors and Symbols

Chapter Two: AFTER THE SHUTTER IS PRESSED

Understanding Images

Selection

Ambiguity

Making Prints

A Theme

Sequence and Series

Chapter Three: ART AND COMMUNICATION

Influence of Photography on Art

Influence of Art on Photography

Links with Literature

Narrative Flow

The Moving Image

Mixed Media

Visual Impact

Chapter Four: HOW PHOTOGRAPHY IS USED

Captions and Titles

Galleries

Publishing and Reproduction

Commissions

Magazines

Newspapers

Photojournalism

Posters and Photomurals

Chapter Five: THE PHOTOGRAPHER AS WITNESS

Making a Record

Snapshots

Portraits

Content and Form

Documentary

Events

Chapter Six: EXPERIENCING BEAUTY

Landscape and Nature

Natural Landscape

Manmade Landscape

Home Environment

The ‘Fine’ Print

Chapter Seven: IN SEARCH OF SELF AND THE METAPHOR

Self-expression

Reflecting the Human Condition

Spirit of Place

Sequencing

Chapter Eight: FROM PRINTED PAGE TO GALLERY WALL

New Outlets

New Documentary

Surrealism

Topographies

Chapter Nine: RADICAL CHANGES AND THE IMAGING FUTURE

Conceptual Art

Democratic Dissemination

Signs and Symbols

Photography and Politics

Postmodernism and Beyond

Electronic Imaging

Conclusion

Every decision and action you make contributes to your brand, so it makes sense that everything you do digitally also contributes to your digital brand. Use this bestselling guide to strengthen your brand's online presence and explore core marketing avenues. Digital Branding is ideal for marketers and brand strategists who want to enhance their brand's online presence. It provides step-by-step, practical guidance on how to build a brand online and quantify it through tangible results. Written by a respected Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) fellow, course leader and industry thought leader, it examines core marketing areas such as content marketing, social media, search engine optimization and web analytics. The book delivers a robust framework for planning, brand identity, channel selection and measuring the effectiveness of campaigns, and includes lessons from the BBC, Imperial College London and Hootsuite. Now fully updated, this third edition features new content on brand authenticity, ethics and meaning, as well as updates on social media regulations and social media platforms such as TikTok.

Air Transport Management: An International Perspective provides in-depth instruction in the diverse and dynamic area of commercial air transport management. The 2nd edition has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the latest developments in the sector.

The textbook includes both introductory reference material and more advanced content so as to provide a solid foundation in the core principles and practices of air transport management. This 2nd edition includes a new chapter on airline regulation and deregulation and new dedicated chapters focusing on aviation safety and aviation security. Four new contributors bring additional insights and expertise to the book.

The 2nd edition retains many of the key features of the 1st edition, including:

• A clearly structured topic-based approach that provides information on key air transport management issues including: aviation law, economics; airport and airline management; finance; environmental impacts, human resource management; and marketing;

• Chapters authored by leading air transport academics and practitioners worldwide which provide an international perspective;

• Learning objectives and key points which provide a framework for learning;

• Boxed case studies and examples in each chapter;

• Keyword definitions and stop and think boxes to prompt reflection and aid understanding of key terms and concepts.

Designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying aviation and business management degree programmes and industry practitioners seeking to expand their knowledge base, the book provides a single point of reference to the key legal, regulatory, strategic and operational concepts and processes that shape the form and function of the world’s commercial air transport industry.

Table of Contents

1 Aviation law and regulation 2 Aviation economics and forecasting 3 Airline regulation and deregulation 4 Airfield design, configuration and management 5 Airport systems planning, design, and management 6 Airport management and performance 7 The airport–airline relationship 8 Airline business models 9 Airline pricing strategies 10 Airline passengers 11 Airline scheduling and disruption management 12 Airline finance and financial management 13 Aviation safety 14 Aviation security 15 Airspace and air traffic management 16 Aircraft manufacturing and technology 17 Air cargo and logistics 18 Environmental impacts and mitigation 19 Human resource management and industrial relations 20 Air transport marketing communications 21 Air transport in regional, rural and remote regions

Since it was first published in 1964, Elements of Shipping has become established as a market leader. Now in its ninth edition, Branch’s Elements of Shipping, renamed in memory of Alan Branch, has been updated throughout and revised to take in the many changes that have occurred in the shipping industry in recent years, including the impact of the economic crisis, the Panama Canal expansion and new legislation. All tables and data have been brought up-to-date and many new illustrations have been added.

The book explains in a lucid, professional manner the basic elements of shipping, including operational, commercial, legal, economic, technical, managerial, logistical and financial considerations. It also explores how shipping markets behave and provides an overview of the international shipping industry and seaports. Filling a gap for the discerning reader who wishes to have a complete understanding of all the elements of the global shipping scene together with the interface with seaports, international trade and logistics, it remains essential reading for shipping executives along with students and academics with an interest in the shipping industry.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction 2 The ship 3 Ship design and construction 4 Ships, their cargoes, trades and future trends 5 Manning of vessels 6 Customs house and ship’s papers 7 Maritime canals and inland waterways 8 Services performed by principal shipping organizations 9 Passenger fares and freight rates 10 Liner conferences 11 Ship operation 12 Bills of lading 13 Cargoes 14 The shipping company 15 Charter parties 16 Containerization 17 Seaports 18 Multi-modalism: global supply chain management and international logistics 19 The international consignment 20 Information technology and electronic data interchange 21 Ship management 22 Political aspects

Elesin Oba, the King's Horseman, has a single destiny. When the King dies, he must commit ritual suicide and lead his King's favorite horse and dog through the passage to the world of the ancestors. A British colonial officer, Pilkings, intervenes.

"The action of the play is as inevitable and eloquent as in Antigone: a clash of values and cultures so fundamental that tragedy (ensues): a tragedy for each individual, each tribe."-Daily Telegraph

"This play, by the winner of aNobel Prize for Literature, asks: "On the authority of what gods" the white aliens rupture a world. It puts exciting political theatre back on the agenda ... a masterpiece of 20th century drama."-Guardian

Methuen Student Editions are expertly annotated texts of a wide range of plays from the modern and classic repertoires. As well as the complete text of the play itself, the volume contains a chronology of the playwright's life and work; an introduction giving the background to the play; a discussion of the various interpretations; an interview with Wole Soyinka; and notes on individual words and phrases in the text.

The Global Business Environment covers the economic, political, social, legal, cultural, technological and financial environments. It challenges students to think critically about global issues that affect the business environment and provides them with a wealth of pedagogical features that help cement learning.

The book is highly global in coverage, with case studies and examples from across the globe. It also has a strong focus on the ethics, responsibilities and sustainability and what this means for business organizations. The clear and accessible writing style makes difficult concepts easy to understand and its clarity makes it suitable for students with English as a second language.

New to this edition:

• New theme of uncertainty in global contexts, examining how best to assess and confront the challenges of uncertainties and risks in the differing dimensions of the business environment
• New chapter on worldwide pandemic and the global business environment
• Increased coverage of FDI, industrial policy and global communication
• New coverage relating to race relations and decolonising the curriculum
• 10 new cases, with all other cases fully updated (there are 52 cases in total)
• A brand new decision-making feature linked to some of the cases studies

This fully updated fifth edition of An Introduction to African Politics is an ideal textbook for those new to the study of this fascinating continent.

Charting trends in government over six decades of the post-colonial era, the book tackles key questions such as: How have African states made sense of their colonial inheritance? How relevant are ethnic and religious identities? Why have some states collapsed and others prospered? Why did the one-party state fail? Why is contemporary Africa now dominated by electoral authoritarian states, and not the multi-party democracies promised in the 1990s?

Key features include:

thematically organised, with chapters exploring issues such as colonialism, ethnicity, nationalism, religion, social class, ideology, legitimacy, authority, sovereignty and democracy;

new five-part structure makes clearer Africa’s political evolution over time;

new chapter on the emergence of ‘hybrid states’ and ‘electoral authoritarianism’;

more coverage of twenty-first century governance trends such as China’s impact, the changing role of the military, different uses of ‘client–patron’ networks, Western conditionality and the ‘Africa rising’ debate;

colour presentation of maps, photos and data;

boxed case studies including Mali, Tanzania, Nigeria, Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, Uganda, Somalia, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tunisia and Angola;

each chapter concludes with key terms and definitions, questions and further reading.

An Introduction to African Politics is essential reading for students seeking an accessible introduction to the complex social relationships and events that characterise the politics of post-colonial Africa.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Introductions and the Historical Inheritance

1. Introduction: State, civil society and external interests

2. History: Africa’s pre-colonial and colonial inheritance

Part 2: The Dominant African State, 1960s-1970s

3. Ideology: Nationalism, socialism, populism and state capitalism

4. Ethnicity and religion: ‘Tribes’, gods and political identity

5. Social class: The search for class politics in Africa

6. Legitimacy: Neo-patrimonialism, personal rule and the centralisation of the African state

7. Coercion: Military intervention in African politics

8. Sovereignty I: External influences on African politics

Part 3: The Weakened Africa State, 1980s-1990s

9. Sovereignty II: Neo-colonialism, structural adjustment and Africa’s political economy

10. Authority: The crises of accumulation, governance and state collapse

Part 4: The Re-fashioned African State, 1990s-present

11. Democracy: Multi-party elections re-legitimising the African state?

12. Hybrid regimes: ‘Africa rising’, stalled transitions, or something in-between?

Part 5: Conclusions

13. Conclusions: The changing relationship between state, civil society and external interests in post-colonial Africa

Marketing Strategy offers a unique and dynamic approach based on four underlying principles that underpin marketing today: All customers differ; All customers change; All competitors react; and All resources are limited. The structured framework of this acclaimed textbook allows marketers to develop effective and flexible strategies to deal with diverse marketing problems under varying circumstances. Uniquely integrating marketing analytics and data driven techniques with fundamental strategic pillars the book exemplifies a contemporary, evidence-based approach. This base toolkit will support students' decision-making processes and equip them for a world driven by big data. The second edition builds on the first's successful core foundation, with additional pedagogy and key updates. Research-based, action-oriented, and authored by world-leading experts, Marketing Strategy is the ideal resource for advanced undergraduate, MBA, and EMBA students of marketing, and executives looking to bring a more systematic approach to corporate marketing strategies. New to this Edition: - Revised and updated throughout to reflect new research and industry developments, including expanded coverage of digital marketing, influencer marketing and social media strategies - Enhanced pedagogy including new Worked Examples of Data Analytics Techniques and unsolved Analytics Driven Case Exercises, to offer students hands-on practice of data manipulation as well as classroom activities to stimulate peer-to-peer discussion - Expanded range of examples to cover over 250 diverse companies from 25 countries and most industry segments - Vibrant visual presentation with a new full colour design Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/marketing-strategy-2e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

How can organizations effectively navigate times of change? This book provides comprehensive guidance on adapting mindsets, structures and strategies to achieve success. Without relying on assumed knowledge, Making Sense of Change Management covers the theories and models of change management and connects them to workable techniques that organizations of all types and sizes can use to adapt to tough market conditions. The updated sixth edition includes an introduction to emerging regenerative mindsets around change that will help meet the urgency of change during crises. There is coverage of how COVID-19, remote work and the focus on compassionate leadership has affected the way change is managed in organizations. This definitive, bestselling text in the field shows how to succeed by changing strategies, structures, mindsets, behaviours and expectations of staff and managers. Supported by thoughtful and provocative questions at the end of each chapter, as well as checklists, tips and summaries to apply knowledge in practice, Making Sense of Change Management remains essential reading for both students and practitioners who are currently part of, or leading, a change initiative. Online resources include international case study question packs and lecture slides with further reflective questions.

The Public Relations Handbook, 6th edition provides an engaging, in-depth exploration of the dynamic and ever-evolving public relations industry.

Split into four parts exploring key conceptual themes in public relations, the book offers an overview of topics including strategic public relations, politics and the media; media relations in the social media age; strategic communication management; public relations engagement in the not-for-profit sector; activism and public relations; and the effects of globalisation and technology on the field. Featuring wide-ranging contributions from key figures in the PR profession, this new edition presents fresh views on corporate social responsibility, public relations and politics, corporate communication, globalisation, not-for-profit, financial and public sector public relations. The book also includes a discussion of key critical themes in public relations research and exploratory case studies of PR strategies in a variety of institutions, including Extinction Rebellion, Queen Margaret University, Mettis Aerospace, and Battersea Cats’ and Dogs’ Home.

Containing student-friendly features including clear chapter aims, analytical discussion questions, and key further reading throughout the text, The Public Relations Handbook is an ideal resource for students of public relations, corporate and strategic communications, and media studies.

　

Table of Contents

Part I The context of public relations　

What is Public Relations?　Sarah Roberts-Bowman　

Public Relations and Communications　Sarah Roberts-Bowman　

Public relations, politics and the media　Ian Somerville and Sahla Aroussi　

Public Relations and Management　Anne Gregory　

Ethics, professionalism and regulation　Alison Theaker　

Part II Strategic public relations　

Public relations and corporate communication　Emma Wood　

Public Relations and Corporate Identity　Emma Wood　

Risk, Issues and Crisis Management: A Collaborative Role for Public Relations　Heather Yaxley　

Public Relations and Corporate Social Responsibility　Ian Somerville and Emma Wood　

Measurement and evaluation　Mairead McCoy　

The public relations of globalisation　Averill Gordon

Part III Stakeholder public relations　

Media Relations in the Social Media Age Philip Young　

Internal Communications　Liam FitzPatrick　

Financial Communications　Mark Phillimore　

Public sector public relations　Simon Wakeman　

Consumer Public Relations　Michael Frohlich　

Business-to-business public relations　Loretta Milan　

Public relations and engagement in the not-for-profit sector　David Hamilton　

Using New Technology Effectively In Public Relations　Heather Yaxley　

Activism and public relations　Philip Young　

Part IV Shaping the future　

Future challenges for PR　Alison Theaker

Offering a modern, process-oriented approach emphasizing process control scheme development instead of extended coverage of LaPlace space descriptions of process dynamics, Designing Controls for the Process Industries focuses on aspects that are most important for contemporary practical process engineering and reflects the industry’s use of digital distributed control-based systems. The second edition now features 60 tutorial videos demonstrating solutions to most of the example problems.

Instead of starting with the controller, the book starts with the process and moves on to how basic regulatory control schemes can be designed to achieve the process objectives while maintaining stable operations. In addition to continuous control concepts, process and control system dynamics are embedded into the text with each new concept presented. The book alsoincludes sections on batch and semi-batch processes and safety automation within each concept area. It discusses the four most common control techniques: control loop feedback, feedforward, ratio, and cascade, and discusses application of these techniques for process control schemes for the most common types of unit operations. It also discusses more advanced andless commonly used regulatory control options such as override, allocation, and split range controllers; includes an introduction to higher-level automation functions; and provides guidance for ways to increase the overall safety, stability, and efficiency for many process applications. It introduces the theory behind the most common types of controllers used in the process industries and provides various additional plant automation-related subjects. The new edition also includes new homework problems and examples, including multiple choice questions for flipped classes, information about statistical process control, and a new case study that documents the development of regulatory control schemes for an entire process area.

Aimed at chemical engineering students in process control courses, as well as practicing process and control engineers, this textbook offers an alternative to traditional texts and offers a practical, hands-on approach to design of process controls.

PowerPoint lecture slides, multiple-choice quiz questions for each chapter, and a solutions manual are available to qualifying instructors. Tutorial-style videos for most of the text examples are available for all readers to download.

Table of Contents

1. Processing System Fundamentals. 2. Control System Fundamentals. 3. Motive Force Unit Operations Control. 4. Heat Transfer Unit Operations Control. 5. Separation Unit Operations Controls. 6. Reaction Unit Operations Controls. 7. Other Control Paradigms. 8. Controller Theory. 9. Higher- Level Automation Techniques. 10. Instrumentation (Types and Capabilities). 11. Automation and Control System Projects. 12. Process Dynamics Analysis. Appendix A: Transform Functions and the “s” Domain. Appendix B: PID Controller Tuning. Appendix C: Controller Script. Appendix D: A Case Study of the Regulatory Controls of an Entire Process Area.

The athlete development process spans from initial sport engagement to elite-level performance to effective career transition out of sport. This is a long and complicated process. Identifying and nurturing talent, fine-tuning sport skills, and maintaining high levels of performance over the course of a career requires many thousands of hours of training and, increasingly, the input and support of expert coaches and sport scientists.

In this fully revised and updated new edition of the leading student and researcher overview of the development of sport expertise, a team of world-class sport scientists and professional coaches examine the fundamental science of skill acquisition and explore the methods by which science can be applied in the real-world context of sport performance.

This book surveys the very latest research in skill acquisition, provides a comprehensive and accessible review of core theory and key concepts, and includes an innovative "Coach’s Corner" feature in each chapter, in which leading coaches offer insights from elite sport and critique contemporary practice in sport skill development. The third edition of Developing Sport Expertise will be invaluable reading for all researchers and students in the areas of expertise in sport, skill acquisition, motor control and development, sport psychology, or coaching theory and practice.

Table of Contents

1. A Very Brief Introduction to Applied Sport Expertise

Damian Farrow, Joe Baker, and Clare MacMahon

2. Sowing the Seeds of Success: Specialization, Diversification and Early Athlete Training

Joe Baker, Gillian Ramsay and Alexandra Mosher

3. The Athletic Skills Model as a Foundation for the Development of Expertise: Creating Challenging Environments

Geert J.P. Savelsbergh and Rene Wormhoudt

4. Coaching for Creativity

Veronique Richard and Darren Holder

5. Predicting Athletes’ Futures – A Necessity with Little Scientific Basis

Till Koopmann, Kathryn Johnston, Alex Roberts, and Jörg Schorer

6. The Expert Sports Official in Research and Practice

Clare MacMahon, Tammie van Biemen, Henning Plessner, and Alexandra Pizzera

7. Developing the Expert Performance Coach

Mark W. Bruner, Colin McLaren, Rachel Van Woezik, and Jean Côté

8. Evaluating Coaching Expertise

Chris Cushion

9. Technology Supported Coaching

Damian Farrow, Peter Le Noury and Olivia Cant

10. Self-Regulated Learning in Sport Practice: Agency, Assessment, and Actioning

Bradley W. Young, Lisa Bain and Joseph Baker

11. Data Informed Practice

Tim Buszard and Sam Robertson

12. Perception and Pressure: Research and Implications

Mark R Wilson, Samuel J Vine, Tom Arthur and David J Harris

13. Play with and Against! Insights for the Development of Decision Making in Team Sports

Pedro Passos

14. Developing Technical Skill Expertise

Georgia Giblin, David Whiteside and Machar Reid

15. Female Sport Expertise through a Skill Acquisition Lens: A Key Future Direction

Clare MacMahon, Anthea Clarke, Alana Leabeater, and Alex Roberts/

Subtitling: Concepts and Practices provides students, researchers and practitioners with a research-based introduction to the theory and practice of subtitling. The book, inspired by the highly successful Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling by the same authors, is a new publication reflecting the developments in practice and research that mark subtitling today, while considering the way ahead.

It supplies the core concepts that will allow its users to acquaint themselves with the technical, linguistic and cultural features of this specific yet extremely diverse form of audiovisual translation and the many contexts in which it is deployed today. The book offers concrete subtitling strategies and contains a wealth of examples in numerous languages for dealing with specific translation problems. State-of-the art translation technologies and their impact on the profession are explored along with a discussion of the ways in which they cater for the socio-political, multicultural and multilingual challenges that audiovisual productions and their translations must meet today.

A truly multimedia package, Subtitling: Concepts and Practices comes with a companion website which includes a wide range of exercises with answer keys, video clips, dialogue lists, a glossary of concepts and terminology used in the industry and much more. It also provides access to a professional desktop subtitle editor, Wincaps Q4, and a leading cloud-based subtitling platform, OOONA.

Table of Contents

List of figures

List of tables

Acknowledgements

Permissions

How to use this book and its companion website

1. Reconceptualizing subtitling

2. Professional ecosystem

3. The semiotics of subtitling

4. Spatial and temporal features

5. Formal and textual features

6. The linguistics of subtitling

7. Subtitling language variation and songs

8. Subtitling cultural references, humour and ideology

9. Technology in motion

10. References

11. Index

12. Glossary – available on companion website

13. Appendices – available on companion website

Water and Wastewater Engineering Technology presents the basic concepts and applications of water and wastewater engineering technology. It is primarily designed for students pursuing programs in civil, water resources, and environmental engineering, and presents the fundamentals of water and wastewater technology, hydraulics, chemistry, and biology. The book examines the urban water cycle in two main categories, water treatment and distribution, and wastewater collection and treatment. The material lays the foundation for typical one-semester courses in water engineering and also serves as a valuable resource to professionals operating and managing water and wastewater treatment plants. The chapters in this book are standalone, offering the flexibility to choose combinations of topics to suit the requirements of a given course or professional application.

Features:

Contains example problems and diagrams throughout to illustrate and clarify important topics

Problems both in SI and USC system of units

The procedure of unit cancellation followed in all solutions to the problems

Design applications and operation of water and wastewater system emphasized

Includes numerous practice problems with answers, and discussion questions in each chapter cover a range of engineering interventions to help conserve water resources and preserve water quality

Table of Contents

Section I: Basic Sciences 1. Introduction. 2. Standards of Measurement. 3. Basic Hydraulics. 4. Basic Chemistry. 5. Microbial Water Quality. Section II: Water Treatment 6. Sources of Water Supply. 7. Water Demand and Water Quality. 8. Coagulation and Flocculation. 9. Sedimentation. 10. Filtration. 11. Disinfection. 12. Water Softening. 13. Miscellaneous Methods I. 14. Miscellaneous Methods II. Section III: Water Distribution 15. Water Distribution. 16. Pipeline Systems. 17. Pumps and Pumping. 18. Water Distribution Operation. Section IV: Wastewater Collection 19. Wastewater Collection System. 20. Design of Sewers. 21. Construction of Sewers. Section V: Wastewater Treatment 22. Natural Purification. 23. Characteristics of Wastewater. 24. Primary Treatment. 25. Activated Sludge Process. 26. Stabilization Ponds. 27. Attached Growth Systems. 28. Anaerobic Systems. 29. Bio-Solids. 30. Advanced Wastewater Treatment.

As sustainable development becomes an increasingly important strategic issue for all organizations, there is a growing need for management and executive education to adapt to this new reality. This textbook provides a theoretically sound and highly relevant introduction to the topic of socially and environmentally responsible business. The authors take a “competence-based approach” to responsible management education. The book aims to go beyond the traditional domains of teaching and towards the facilitation of learning across key competences. Each chapter in this book has a section dedicated to exercises that cover five core competences – know, think, do, relate, be – to enable self-directed transformative learning.

Drawing from the classic background theories such as corporate sustainability, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility, these concepts are applied to the most up-to-date practices. The book covers an international perspective, featuring cases from countries all around the world, has a strong theoretical basis, and fully integrates the topics of sustainability, responsibility, and ethics. The book includes a wide variety of tools for change at individual, company, and systemic levels resulting in both an essential resource for business students at all levels and a self-study, practical handbook for executives.

Table of Contents

Introduction to the third edition A. Contextualizing 1. The State of the Planet 2. Climate Change 3. A History of Business, Society, and Environment B. Conceptualizing 4. Sustainability 5. Sustainable Development Goals 6. Responsibility 7. Ethics C. Managing 8. Responsible Management Process 9. Practice Norms 10. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion D. Strategizing 11. Sustainable Economics 12. Envisioning Responsible Business 13. Strategic Management E. Implementing 14. Implementation Basics 15. Main Business Functions 16. Support Functions 17. Supply Chain Management F. Communicating 18. Communication in Responsible Business 19. Communication Challenges 20. Responsible Business Certification G. Innovating 21. Innovation for Change 22. Individual Change 23. Organizational Change 24. Systemic Change

Now in its fourth edition, this highly successful global history of the twentieth century is written by four prominent international historians for first-year undergraduate level and upward.

Using their thematic and regional expertise, the authors have produced an authoritative yet accessible and seamless account of the history of international relations in the last century, covering events in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas. They focus on the history of relations between states and on the broad ideological, economic and cultural forces that have influenced the evolution of international politics over the last 120 years. The fourth edition is thoroughly updated to take account of the most recent research and global developments, including new material on the impact of the Trump administration on international politics, the rise of China under the leadership of Xi Jinping and the origins of the wars in Ukraine and Gaza.

The book is supported by a fully revised companion website including links to further resources and self-testing material, which can be found at www.routledgelearning.com/internationalhistory20c.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

1. GREAT POWER RIVALRY AND THE WORLD WAR, 1900–17

2. THE SEARCH FOR EUROPEAN STABILITY, 1917–29

3. JAPAN, CHINA AND THE ORIGINS OF THE PACIFIC WAR, 1900–41

4. THE EUROPEAN COLONIAL EMPIRES, 1900–45

5. ‘GOOD NEIGHBORS’? THE UNITED STATES AND THE AMERICAS, 1900–45

6. THE PATH TO EUROPEAN WAR, 1930–39

7. THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1940–45

8. THE ‘FIRST’ COLD WAR IN EUROPE, 1945–61

9. ASIA IN TURMOIL: NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION AND THE RISE OF THE COLD WAR, 1945–53

10. FROM COLD WAR TO DÉTENTE, 1962–79

11. THE VIETNAM WARS, 1945–79

12. NEUTRALISM, DEVELOPMENT AND THE RISE OF THE THIRD WORLD, 1945–2024

13. THE ‘DEVELOPMENTAL STATES’: JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN, 1945–2024

14. THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND NORTH KOREA: IDEOLOGY AND NATIONALISM, 1949–2024

15. THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA, 1945–2024

16. AFRICA: DECOLONIZATION AND INDEPENDENCE, 1945–2024

17. THE ARAB–ISRAELI CONFLICT, 1948–2024

18. THE RISE OF POLITICAL ISLAM, 1928–2024

19. THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE ‘NEW WORLD ORDER’, 1980–2000

20. THE RISE OF A NEW EUROPE: THE HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, 1945–2024

21. THE RISE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

22. US DECLINE IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD?

The term 'natural disaster' is often used to refer to natural events such as earthquakes, hurricanes or floods. However, the phrase 'natural disaster' suggests an uncritical acceptance of a deeply engrained ideological and cultural myth.

At Risk questions this myth and argues that extreme natural events are not disasters until a vulnerable group of people is exposed. It also focuses on what makes people vulnerable. Often this means analyzing the links between poverty and vulnerability. But it is also important to take account of different social groups that suffer more in extreme events, including women, children, the frail and elderly, ethnic minorities, illegal immigrants, refugees and people with disabilities.

Vulnerability has also been increased by global environmental change and economic globalization - it is an irony of the 'risk society' that efforts to provide 'security' often create new risks. Fifty years of deforestation in Honduras and Nicaragua opened up the land for the export of beef, coffee, bananas, and cotton. It enriched the few, but endangered the many when hurricane Mitch struck these areas in 1998. Rainfall sent denuded hillsides sliding down on villages and towns.

This new edition of At Risk confronts a further ten years of ever more expensive and deadly disasters since it was first published and discusses disaster not as an aberration, but as a signal failure of mainstream 'development'. Two analytical models are provided as tools for understanding vulnerability. One links remote and distant 'root causes' to 'unsafe conditions' in a 'progression of vulnerability'. The other uses the concepts of 'access' and 'livelihood' to understand why some households are more vulnerable than others.

The book then concludes with strategies to create a safer world..