Kenwood and Lougheed’s classic book has been the benchmark introduction to the development of the global economy for decades. For this fifth edition, Michael Graff has brought the story up to date to include events from the early part of the twenty first century – continued globalization, the emergence of Asia as an economic power and the greater role played by business on the international scene.

Beginning with the industrial revolution, the book charts the long nineteenth century, the impact of colonialism, the fast pace of technology growth and the impact of global wars. New features to this edition include:

a prologue explaining the initial conditions faced by the world economy in 1820, detailing the beginnings of international trade and the influence of slavery

greater coverage of developing countries

increased coverage of World Wars I and II and of the twentieth century

a number of appendices outlining the economic concepts and theories underlying the text

This new edition of Growth of the International Economy provides the reader with a clear understanding of the factors which have been instrumental in creating the economic environment we face two hundred years after the industrial revolution.

Table of Contents

1. A Short Outline of Economic History from Beginnings to 1820 2. Causes of Growth in the Nineteenth Century 3. Long-term Capital Movements, 1820-1913 4. International Migration, 1820-1913 5. Commercial Policy in the Nineteenth Century 6. Foreign Trade in the Nineteenth Century 7. Growth in the Multilateral Payments Network 8. The Gold Standard before 1913 9. The Spread of Industrialization 10. Export Economies 11. Trends and Fluctuations Before 1913 12. The War and the Economy, 1914-1918 13. The International Economy during the Interwar Years 14. The Restoration of the Gold Standard and Economic Recovery in the 1920s 15. The Collapse of the Gold Standard and Disintegration 16. International Trade during the Interwar Period 17. The Great Depression 18. The War Economy, 1939-1945 19. Planning the Future Economy 1944-1950 20. The International Economy since 1950 21. International Monetary Relations, 1945-2010 21. GATT, WTO and International Commercial Policy, 1945-2010 22. Trade and Growth, 1945-2010: The Developed Countries 23. Trade and Growth, 1945-2010: The Periphery 24. The EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, Mercosur 25. Transition Economies, 1989-2010 26. Summary, 1820-2010 and Ahead

The Project Management Life Cycle reveals the unique Method 123 Project Management Methodology by defining the phases, activities and tasks required to complete a project. It's different because it describes the life cycle clearly and prescriptively, without the complex terminology rife throughout the industry. Its comprehensive coverage, consistent depth and suite of tools will help managers to undertake projects successfully. Containing hundreds of practical examples to enhance the reader's understanding of project management, The Project Management Life Cycle skilfully guides them through the four critical phases of the project life cycle: initiation, planning, execution and closure. Written in a clear, professional and straightforward manner, it is relevant to the management of all types of project, including IT, construction, engineering, telecommunications and government, as well as many others. It is an essential guide to improving project management skills for project managers, senior managers, team members, consultants, trainers or students. Online supporting resources include lecture slides.

Whether we grow up with one, two, or several languages during our early years of life, many of us will learn a second, foreign, or heritage language in later years. The field of Second language acquisition (SLA, for short) investigates the human capacity to learn additional languages in late childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, after the first language --in the case of monolinguals-- or languages --in the case of bilinguals-- have already been acquired. Understanding Second Language Acquisition offers a wide-encompassing survey of this burgeoning field, its accumulated findings and proposed theories, its developed research paradigms, and its pending questions for the future. The book zooms in and out of universal, individual, and social forces, in each case evaluating the research findings that have been generated across diverse naturalistic and formal contexts for second language acquisition. It assumes no background in SLA and provides helpful chapter-by-chapter summaries and suggestions for further reading.

Ideal as a textbook for students of applied linguistics, foreign language education, TESOL, and education, it is also recommended for students of linguistics, developmental psycholinguistics, psychology, and cognitive science.

Supporting resources for tutors are available free at www.routledge.com/ortega.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. Age

Chapter 3. Crosslinguistic influences

Chapter 4. The linguistic environment

Chapter 5. Cognition

Chapter 6. Development of learner language

Chapter 7. Foreign language aptitude

Chapter 8. Motivation

Chapter 9. Affect and other individual differences

Chapter 10. Social dimensions of L2 learning

The Sociology of Development Handbook gathers essays that reflect the range of debates in development sociology and in the interdisciplinary study and practice of development. The essays address the pressing intellectual challenges of today, including internal and international migration, transformation of political regimes, globalization, changes in household and family formations, gender dynamics, technological change, population and economic growth, environmental sustainability, peace and war, and the production and reproduction of social and economic inequality.

In this fifth edition, Brian Carroll explores writing and editing for digital media with essential information about voice, style, media formats, ideation, story planning, and storytelling.

Carroll explains and demonstrates how to effectively write for digital spaces and combines hands-on, practical exercises with new material on podcasting, multi-modal storytelling, misinformation and disinformation, and writing specifically for social media. Each chapter features lessons and exercises through which students can build a solid understanding of the ways that digital communication provides opportunities for dynamic storytelling and multi-directional communication. Broadened in scope, this new edition also speaks to writers, editors, public relations practitioners, social media managers, marketers, as well as to students aspiring to these roles. Updated with contemporary examples and new pedagogy throughout, this is the ideal handbook for students seeking careers in digital media, particularly in content development and digital storytelling.

It is an essential text for students of media, communication, public relations, marketing, and journalism who are looking to develop their writing and editing skills for these ever-evolving fields and professions.

This book also has an accompanying eResource that provides additional weekly activities, exercises, and assignments that give students more opportunity to put theory into practice.

Table of Contents

1. Writing for Digital Media: Laying the Foundation 2. Editing for Digital Media: Storytelling Strategies 3. Writing for Digital Media II: Tools & Techniques 4. Editing for Digital Media II: Creating the User Experience 5. Digital Storytelling: Generating Ideas & Publishing the Story 6. Doing Journalism 7. Responsible Advocacy: Public Relations and Social Media Management 8. Multimodal Storytelling: The Medium is the Message 9. Misinformation & Disinformation: Credibility in a "Post-truth" Age 10. Knowing the Law: Intellectual Property, Libel & Privacy

This classic, bestselling textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of development economics. The 10th edition of Tony Thirlwall's book, now co-written with Penelope Pacheco-Lopez, provides a clear, comprehensive and rigorous introduction to the theory of development economics and the experience of developing countries. Balancing a historic approach with current data and references, it provides a wide-ranging analysis of the subject. This all-inclusive methodology succeeds at representing different schools of thought with a balance of micro and macro topics. An ideal textbook for undergraduate students of economics and other social sciences, it is also suitable for upper undergraduate and master's level modules on development economics as an option on a non-economics degree. New to this Edition: - A brand new chapter on human capital:education, nutrition, health, and therole of women in development - New material on the Sustainable Development Goals, the measurementof poverty, and the multidimensional poverty index - Discussion of randomized control trials - The role of structural change in economic development - New IMF lending facilities Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/economics-of-development-10e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Revising and Editing for Translators provides guidance and learning materials for translation students and professional translators learning to revise the work of others or edit original writing, and those wishing to improve their self-revision ability. Revising and editing are seen as reading skills aimed at spotting problematic passages. Changes are then made to meet some standard of quality that varies with the text and to tailor the text to its readership.

Mossop offers in-depth coverage of a wide range of topics, including copyediting, stylistic editing, checking for consistency, revising procedures and principles, and translation quality assessment—all related to the professional situations in which revisers and editors work. This revised fourth edition provides new chapters on revising machine outputs and news trans-editing, a new section on reviser competencies, and a completely new grading scheme for assignments.

The inclusion of suggested activities and exercises, numerous real-world examples, and a reference glossary make this an indispensable coursebook for professional translation programmes.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors

Acknowledgements

Introduction for All Readers

Introduction for Instructors

1. Why Editing and Revising are Necessary

1.1 The difficulty of writing

1.2 Enforcing rules

1.3 Quality in translation

1.4 Limits to editing and revision

1.5 The proper role of revision

Summary

Further reading

2. The Work of an Editor

2.1 Tasks of editors

2.2 Editing, rewriting and adapting

2.3 Mental editing during translation

2.4 Editing non-native English

2.5 Crowd-sourced editing of User Generated Content

2.6 Degrees of editing

2.7 Editing procedure

Practice

Further reading

3. Copyediting

3.1 House style

3.2 Spelling and typing errors

3.3 Syntax and idiom

3.4 Punctuation

3.5 Usage

Practice

Further reading

4. Stylistic Editing

4.1 Tailoring language to readers

4.2 Smoothing

4.3 Readability versus intelligibility and logic

4.4 Stylistic editing during translation

4.5 Some traps to avoid

Practice

Further reading

5. Structural Editing

5.1 Physical structure of a text

5.2 Problems with prose

5.3 Problems with headings

5.4 Structural editing during translation

Practice

Further reading

6. Content Editing

6.1 Macro-level content editing

6.2 Factual errors

6.3 Logical errors

6.4 Mathematical errors

6.5 Content editing during translation

6.6 Content editing after translation

Practice

7. Trans-editing by Jungmin Hong

7.1 Trans-editing versus translating

7.2 Structural trans-editing

7.3 Content trans-editing

7.4 Combined structural and content trans-editing

7.5 Trans-editing with changed text-type

7.6 Trans-editing from multiple source texts

Exercises and discussion

Further reading

8. Checking for Consistency

8.1 Degrees of consistency

8.2 Pre-arranging consistency

8.3 Translation databases and consistency

8.4 Over-consistency

Practice

Further reading

9. Computer Aids to Checking

9.1 Google to the rescue?

9.2 Bilingual databases

9.3 Work on screen or on paper?

9.4 Editing functions of word processors

9.5 What kind of screen environment?

9.6 Tools specific to revision

Further reading

10. The Work of a Reviser

10.1 Revision: a reading task

10.2 Revision terminology

10.3 Reviser competencies

10.4 Revision and specialization

10.5 The revision function in translation services

10.6 Reliance on self-revision

10.7 Reducing differences among revisers

10.8 Crowd-sourced revision

10.9 Revising translations into the reviser’s second language

10.10 Quality-checking by clients

10.11 The brief

10.12 Balancing the interests of authors, clients, readers and translators

10.13 Evaluation of revisers

10.14 Time and quality

10.15 Quantity of revision

10.16 Quality assessment

10.17 Quality assurance

Practice

Further reading

11. The Revision Parameters

11.1 Accuracy

11.2 Completeness

11.3 Logic

11.4 Facts

11.5 Smoothness

11.6 Tailoring

11.7 Sub-language

11.8 Idiom

11.9 Mechanics

11.10 Layout

11.11 Typography

11.12 Organization

11.13 Client Specifications

11.14 Employer Policies

Further reading

12. Degrees of Revision

12.1 The need for revision by a second translator

12.2 Determining the degree of revision

12.2.1 Which parameters will be checked?

12.2.2 What level of accuracy and writing quality is required?

12.2.3 Full or partial check?

12.2.4 Compare or re-read?

12.3 Some consequences of less-than-full revision

12.4 The relative importance of transfer and language parameters

12.5 A "good enough" approach to revision

Practice

Further reading

13. Revision Procedure

13.1 Procedure for finding errors

13.2 Principles for correcting and improving

13.3 Order of operations

13.4 Handling unsolved problems

13.5 Inputting changes

13.6 Checking Presentation

13.7 Preventing strategic errors

13.8 Getting help from the translator

13.9 Procedures, time-saving and quality

Summary of techniques for spotting errors

and avoiding introduction of errors

Practice

Further reading

14. Self-Revision

14.1 Integration of self-revision into translation production

14.2 Self-diagnosis

14.3 The term ‘self-revision’

Practice

Further reading

15. Revising the Work of Others

15.1 Relations with revisees

15.2 Diagnosis

15.3 Advice

15.4 Research during revision

Practice

Further reading

16. Revising Computer-Mediated Translations by Carlos Teixeira

16.1 Translation Memory

16.1.1 Repairing Translation Memory suggestions

16.2 Machine Translation

16.2.1 Different ‘levels’ of post-editing

16.2.2 Types of edits required

16.2.3 Examples of post-editing

16.3 Integration of Translation Memory and Machine Translation

16.4 Interactive Machine Translation

16.5 Final considerations

Further reading

Appendix 1. Summary

Appendix 2. Quality Assessment

Appendix 3. Quantitative Grading Scheme

Appendix 4. Sample Revision

Appendix 5. Revising and Editing Vocabulary

Appendix 6. Empirical research on revision

Readings

Index/

Learning to Teach Art and Design in the Secondary School is established as the key text for all those preparing to become art and design teachers in the secondary school. It explores a range of approaches to teaching and learning and provides a conceptual and practical framework for understanding the diverse nature of art and design in the secondary school curriculum.

Written by experts in the field, it aims to inform and inspire, to challenge orthodoxies and encourage a freshness of vision. It provides support and guidance for learning and teaching in art and design, suggesting strategies to motivate and engage pupils in making, discussing and evaluating visual and material culture.

The third edition has been comprehensively updated and re-structured in light of the latest theory, research and policy in the field and includes new chapters surveying assessment and examinations, and exploring identity and diversity in art and design. Essential topics include:

• Ways of learning in art and design
• Planning for teaching and learning
• Critical studies and methods for investigating art and design
• Inclusion
• Assessment
• Issues in craft and design education
• Drawing & sculpture
• Your own continuing professional development.

Including suggestions for further reading and a range of tasks designed to encourage you to reflect critically on your practice, "Learning to Teach Art and Design in the Secondary School" addresses issues for student teachers and mentors on all initial teacher education courses in Art and Design. It will also be of relevance and value to teachers in school with designated responsibility for supervision.

The story of Desdemona from Shakespeare's Othello is re-imagined by Nobel Prize laureate Toni Morrison, Malian singer and songwriter Rokia Traore, and acclaimed stage director Peter Sellars. Morrison's response to Othello is an intimate dialogue of words and music between Desdemona and her African nurse Barbary. Morrison gives voice and depth to the female characters, letting them speak and sing in the fullness of their hearts. Desdemona is an extraordinary narrative of words, music and song about Shakespeares doomed heroine, who speaks from the grave about the traumas of race, class, gender, war and the transformative power of love. Toni Morrison transports one of the most iconic, central, and disturbing treatments of race in Western culture into the new realities and potential outcomes facing a rising generation of the 21st century.

This best-selling textbook provides a straightforward and practical introduction to the principles and methods used in the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, and has been used and trusted by generations of students. The book contains many worked examples to illustrate the various aspects of design that are presented in the text. Design charts, tables and formulae are included as design aids and, for ease of reference, an appendix contains a summary of important design information. This text is aimed at undergraduates and postgraduates as well as practitioners, both in the UK and elsewhere in the world where Eurocode 2 has been adopted, as a concise guide both to the basic theory and to appropriate design procedures. New to this Edition: - Completely revised to reflect recent experience of the usage of Euro code 2 since its introduction in 2004 and its adoption in the UK as a design standard in 2010 - Further examples of the theory put into practice - A new chapter on water retaining structures in accordance with Euro code 2, Part 3 - New sections on, for example, design processes including conceptual design, deep beams and an expanded treatment of designing for fire resistance Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/reinforced-concrete-design-7e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Directing and Producing for Television provides essential tools required to direct and produce effectively in a variety of settings. Ideal for students in television production courses, Directing and Producing for Television addresses critical production techniques for various formats, including multiple-camera panel productions, news and demonstration programs, as well as scripted and musical productions, documentaries, sports, commercials, and PSAs. In full color for the first time, this new edition has been updated to include information about online distribution platforms like YouTube and Vimeo, and new production tools such as action cameras, smart phones, DSLRs, and drones.

New, full-colour images throughout give this classic text a fresh look featuring today’s latest technology

Written by an expert with years of experience in both the industry and in teaching television directing and producing

An approachable writing style brings a real world perspective to the procedures and protocols of a demanding industry

Visuals showing camera setups and accompanying shots illustrate the best approach to a variety of formats and the related challenges for each

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

1. Introduction - The Basics

2. The Facility

3. Who’s Who

Multiple Camera Television Production

4. Panel Programs

5. Demonstration Format

6. Scripted Format

7. Music

8. News

9. Multiple-Camera Remotes

Single Camera Television Production

10. Documentaries

11. Commercials and Public Service Announcements

Evolving

12. Reality Programming

13. Evolving Technologies and Broadcast Sites

Index

The fifth edition of this classic textbook sets out the essential techniques needed for a solid grounding in the surveying. The popular and trusted textbook covers the traditional topics such as levelling, measurement of angles, measuring distances, and how to carry out traversing and compute coordinates, as well as the latest technological advances. It is packed with clear illustrations, exercises and worked examples, making it both a comprehensive study aid for students and a reliable reference tool for practitioners. This text is aimed at students studying surveying as either part of a civil engineering, building or construction course or as a separate discipline. It is also useful for students who undertake surveying as an elective subject and is a useful resource for practising surveyors. New to this Edition: - The latest developments in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) particularly the introduction of network RTK and OS Net and their applications - Recent developments in survey instruments, methods and digital technologies including image processing with total stations and laser planners, developments in data processing and integration and updates on Ordnance Survey mapping products Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/surveying-for-engineering-5e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

This book provides practising executives and academics with the theories and best practices to plan and implement the digital transformation successfully. Key benefits:

an overview on how leading companies plan and implement digital transformation

interviews with chief executive officers and chief digital officers of leading companies – Bulgari, Deutsche Bahn, Henkel, Lanxess, L’Oréal, Unilever, Thales and others – explore lessons learnt and roadmaps to successful implementation

research and case studies on the digitalization of small and medium-sized companies

cutting-edge academic research on business models, organizational capabilities and performance implications of the digital transformation

tools and insights into how to overcome internal resistance, build digital capabilities, align the organization, develop the ecosystem and create customer value to implement digital strategies that increase profits

Managing Digital Transformation is unique in its approach, combining rigorous academic theory with practical insights and contributions from companies that are, according to leading academic thinkers, at the forefront of global best practice in the digital transformation. It is a recommended reading both for practitioners looking to implement digital strategies within their own organisations, as well as for academics and postgraduate students studying digital transformation, strategy and marketing.

Table of Contents

Part 1: INTRODUCTION 1.Digital Transformation - An Overview Part 2: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES 2.Understanding Digital Transformation: A Review and A Research Agenda 3.The Three Pillars of the Digital Transformation: Improving the Core, Building New Business Models, and Developing Digital Capabilities 4.Big Data and Analytics: Opportunities and Challenges for Firm Performance 5.Technology is Just an Enabler of Digital Transformation: An Interview with Gianfranco Chimirri, HR communication director of Unilever Italy Part 3: THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION 6.Digital Transformation and Business Models 7.From Disruptively Digital to Proudly Analog: A Holistic Typology of Digital Transformation Strategies 8.Digital Transformation, the Holy Grail and the Disruption of Business Models: Interview with Michael Nilles, Chief Digital and Information Officer, Henkel 9.How Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Transformation Change Business and Society: An Interview with Venture Capitalist Vinod Khosla 10.The Digital Company Culture: Interview with Luca Ferrari, CEO, Bending Spoons 11.Consulting for Digital Transformation: Interview with Giuseppe Folonari, European Head of Business Strategy, AKQA 12.L’Oréal Digital Consumer Operating System 13.Internal Start-ups as a Driving Force in the Digitalization of Traditional Businesses: Interview with Jörg Hellwig, Chief Digital Officer, Lanxess Part 4: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND CUSTOMER VALUE CREATION 14.Digital Transformation and Consumer Behaviour: How the Analysis of Consumer Data Reshapes the Marketing Approach 15.Digital Transformation and the Salesforce: Personal Observations, Warnings, and Recommendations 16.Digital Transformation and The Role of Customer-Centric Innovation: Interview with the Chief Value Officer, Thales 17.Digital Transformation in Luxury Industry: Interview with Jean-Christophe Babin, CEO Bulgari 18.The Importance of Data in Transforming a Traditional Company to a Digital Thinking Company: Interview with Fabrizio Viacava, chief digital officer of Etro Part 5: THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SMEs: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES 19.Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Firms: Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs 20.Digital Transformation and Financial Performance: Do Digital Specialists Unlock the Profit Potential of New Digital Business Models for SMEs? 21.Supporting Pervasive Digitization in Italian SMEs Through an Open Innovation Process CONCLUSION 22.Our Roadmap to Digital Transformation

Browse's Introduction to the Symptoms & Signs of Surgical Disease is essential reading for all medical students learning the fundamentals of history taking and patient examination, when undertaking a surgical rotation, when preparing for their surgical exams and as they transition to postgraduate studies. Maintaining the engaging and readable style so central to Sir Norman Browse's early editions, the sixth edition of this classic text retains all the features beloved by generations of students while being fully revised and updated throughout in line with current surgical practice.

Key Features:

Current – fully revised and updated

Accessible – highly structured and consistent layout, supplemented by tables and revision panels for rapid reference in the pressured run up to qualifying exams

Beautifully illustrated – packed with an unrivalled collection of colour photographs and explanatory line diagrams, refreshed for this new edition

Expert editors – with a wealth of clinical and teaching experience, supported by contributors new to this edition bringing a fresh approach

Companion website – visit www.routledge.com/cw/gossage for digital resources to supplement this textbook including self-assessment material, video animations and an image library

Now supplemented by online resources for the complete learning and revision package, this sixth edition remains indispensable for the clinical years of undergraduate study to postgraduate surgical training and beyond.

Table of Contents

History Taking and Examination. The Heart, Lungs and Pleura. The Brain, CNS and Peripheral Nerves. The Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue. The Symptoms, Signs and Emergency Management of Major Injuries. Musculoskeletal Conditions. Bones and Joints of the Upper Limbs (Including Hands). Bones and Joints of the Lower Limbs (Including Feet). The Spine and Pelvis. The Arteries, Veins and Lymphatics. The Mouth, Tongue and Lips. The Neck and Salivary Glands. The Breast. The Abdominal Wall, Herniae and the Umbilicus. The Abdomen. The Rectum and Anal Canal. The Kidneys, Urinary Tract and Prostate. The External Genitalia.

This book offers strategies and effective ways for professional improvement in the workplace. It focuses on behavioural dynamics in a work environment, and offers perspectives on self-assessment, critical thinking, experiential learning, stress management and information processing.

The book discusses concepts like self-image and self-concept which have been aligned with professional excellence and provides a psychoanalytic and theoretical understanding of organizational dynamics, individual and group behaviour, and the expectations of the contemporary corporate world. Through case studies, stories, helpful questionnaires and guides, the volume offers tools and practical solutions for young professionals to develop essential skills to thrive in their careers. It also highlights the importance of effective listening, communication, and identifying cognitive, behavioural and transpersonal patterns for professional and personal development.

Insightful and detailed, the book is an essential read for students and professionals in the field of management, business communication, human resource, and behavioural psychology. It will also be of great use to young professionals working in various sectors who are interested in learning about organizational dynamics.

Table of Contents

List of Figures. List of Tables. Foreword Dr. Thammaiah Chekkera, Ms. A. Manimekhalai, Dr. Rajashekhar Karjagi. Acknowledgements. 1. A journey into self 2. Goals with wings of fire 3. 360-degree listening 4. Group dynamics – an interplay of motives 5. Time is a conditional treasure 6. Job stress – a friend or a foe 7. Dynamics of communication and impression management 8. Business presentations: a subtle process of hypnosis 9. Workplace diversity: a melting pot References. Index.

Visualizing Research guides postgraduate students in art and design through the development and implementation of a research project, using the metaphor of a 'journey of exploration'. For use with a formal programme of study, from masters to doctoral level, the book derives from the creative relationship between research, practice and teaching in art and design. It extends generic research processes into practice-based approaches more relevant to artists and designers, introducing wherever possible visual, interactive and collaborative methods. The Introduction and Chapter 1 'Planning the Journey' define the concept and value of 'practice-based' formal research, tracking the debate around its development and explaining key concepts and terminology. ’Mapping the Terrain’ then describes methods of contextualizing research in art and design (the contextual review, using reference material); ’Locating Your Position’ and ’Crossing the Terrain’ guide the reader through the stages of identifying an appropriate research question and methodological approach, writing the proposal and managing research information. Methods of evaluation and analysis are explored, and of strategies for reporting and communicating research findings are suggested. Appendices and a glossary are also included. Visualizing Research draws on the experience of researchers in different contexts and includes case studies of real projects. Although written primarily for postgraduate students, research supervisors, managers and academic staff in art and design and related areas, such as architecture and media studies, will find this a valuable research reference. An accompanying website www.visualizingresearch.info includes multimedia and other resources that complement the book.

Table of Contents

Introduction; Chapter 1 Planning the journey: introduction to research in Art and Design; Chapter 2 Mapping the terrain: methods of contextualizing research; Chapter 3 Locating your position: orienting and situating research; Chapter 4 Crossing the terrain: establishing appropriate research methodologies; Chapter 5 Interpreting the map: methods of evaluation and analysis; Chapter 6 Recounting the journey: recognizing new knowledge and communicating research findings;

This is an exciting and innovative core textbook that focuses on the micro-level analysis of TM as a dynamic capability. Now in its second edition and fully updated throughout, it systematically addresses the major tools and techniques needed for businesses to successfully conduct TM activities. Arguing that there is no single best way to manage technology in a company and there is no mechanistic route to success, this accessible handbook provides a wealth of resources designed to increase the dynamic capability of an organisation. Written by a highly experienced team of authors from the Universities of Sabanci and Cambridge, Technology Management is the perfect companion for undergraduate and postgraduate students on a variety of business, management and engineering degree courses. It is also suitable for practitioners seeking to progress their professional development and industry knowledge. Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/technology-management-2e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Academic Writing for University Students is designed to help all students succeed in writing essays, reports and other papers for coursework and exams effectively. Academic writing is often the biggest challenge facing college and university students, but this book provides all the tools needed to master the necessary skills.

The book is divided into four parts, to help teachers and students easily find the help they need, both in the classroom and for self-study:

The Writing Process: From finding suitable sources, through to editing and proofreading

Writing Types: Practice with common assignments such as reports and cause-effect essays

Writing Tools: Skills such as making comparisons, definitions, punctuation and style

Lexis: Academic vocabulary, using synonyms, nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs

This key handbook breaks down and practises every stage of essay writing. All units are fully cross-referenced, and a complete set of answers to the practice exercises is included. In addition, the companion website hosts comprehensive teaching notes as well as more challenging exercises, revision material and links to other sources.

Designed for self-study as well as classroom use, this book uses authentic academic texts from a range of sources and provides models for common writing tasks such as case studies, while progress checks are included for each part to enable students to assess their learning. Academic Writing for University Students is an invaluable guide to all aspects of academic writing in English.

Table of Contents

Academic Writing for University Students – Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction for Tutors and Lecturers

Introduction for Students

Academic Writing Quiz

Part 1

The Writing Process

1.1 Writing Basics

1.2 Understanding Essay Questions and the Planning Process

1.3 Reading: Finding Suitable Sources

1.4 Reading: Developing Critical Approaches

1.5 Finding Key Points and Note-making

1.6 Avoiding Plagiarism

Progress Check A

1.7 References and Quotations

1.8 Summarising and Paraphrasing

1.9 Contrasting Sources

1.10 Organising Paragraphs

1.11 Introductions and Conclusions

1.12 Editing and Proofreading

Progress Check B　

Part 2

Writing Types

2.1 Argument and Discussion

2.2 Cause and Effect

2.3 Problems and Solutions

2.4 Case Studies

2.5 Literature reviews

2.6 Writing Longer Papers

2.7 Reports

2.8 Reflective Writing

Progress Check C

Part 3

Writing Tools

3.1 Cohesion

3.2 Comparison

3.3 Definitions

3.4 Examples

3.5 Generalisations

3.6 Numbers and Visual Information

3.7 Punctuation

3.8 Style

Progress Check D

Part 4

Lexis

4.1 Approaches to Vocabulary

4.2 Academic Vocabulary: Nouns and Adjectives

4.3 Academic Vocabulary: Verbs and Adverbs

4.4 Prefixes and Suffixes

4.5 Synonyms

Progress Check E

Answers

Written British and American English: A short guide

Glossary

Index/

In the third edition of this comprehensive guide to the what and how of literary study, attention is paid to the details of literary language and a wide variety of examples is included. More emphasis has been placed on contextualizing literature and this updated version takes these changes into account by incorporating more material on historical and cultural contexts as well as in-depth discussions on novels, drama, and poetry.

This seminal photography text, now in its 10th edition and celebrating its 50th anniversary, has been revamped, reorganized, and modernized to include the most up-to-date, need to know information for photographers. Ideal for students, beginners, and advanced users wanting to brush up on the fundamentals of photography, this book is a must have for any photographer's bookcase. The heart of this text, however, retains the same comprehensive mix of scholarly and practical information. The new edition has been fully updated to reflect dynamic changes in the industry. These changes include: an expansion and overhaul of the information on digital cameras and digital printing; an emphasis on updating photographs to include a wider range of international work; replacement of many diagrams with photos; overhaul of the analogue sections to give a more modern tone (ie exposure measurement and film and filters with some more dynamic photo illustrations).

Safety Management Systems: Applications for the Aviation Industry provides an in-depth review of specific applications of an aviation-related Safety Management System (SMS) by following it from design through application. Readers will gain an understanding on SMS and how it related to their daily activities. Also, specific information will be provided on the rotocraft industry, due to variations in the challenges it faces.

Across the world each year events of every shape and size are held: from community events, school fairs and local business functions through to the world’s largest festivals, music events, conferences and sporting events. As well as causing celebration and giving voice to issues, these public parties use up resources, send out emissions and generate mountains of waste. Events also have the power to show sustainability in action and every sustainably produced event can inspire and motivate others to action.

Written by a leader in event sustainability management, this book is a practical, step-by-step guide taking readers through the key aspects of how to identify, evaluate and manage event sustainability issues and impacts and to use the event for good – it's for events of any style and scale, anywhere in the world.

Now in its third edition, this is the indispensable one-stop guide for event professionals and event management students who want to adjust their thinking and planning decisions towards sustainability, and who need a powerful, easy-to-use collection of tools to deliver events sustainably.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

1. SUSTAINABILITY AND EVENTS

2. EVENT SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT

3. COMMUNICATIONS AND ENGAGEMENT

4. DESTINATION AND VENUE

5. ENERGY

6. TRANSPORT

7. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

8. PROCUREMENT AND RESOURCE USE

9. WASTE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY

10. WATER AND AMENITIES

Now the most used texbook for introductory cryptography courses in both mathematics and computer science, the Third Edition builds upon previous editions by offering several new sections, topics, and exercises. The authors present the core principles of modern cryptography, with emphasis on formal definitions, rigorous proofs of security.

Table of Contents

I Introduction and Classical Cryptography

1. Introduction

Cryptography and Modern Cryptography

The Setting of Private-Key Encryption

Historical Ciphers and Their Cryptanalysis

Principles of Modern Cryptography

Principle 1 - Formal Definitions

Principle 2 - Precise Assumptions

Principle 3 - Proofs of Security

Provable Security and Real-World Security

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

2. Perfectly Secret Encryption

Definitions

The One-Time Pad

Limitations of Perfect Secrecy

*Shannon's Theorem

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

II Private-Key (Symmetric) Cryptography

3. Private-Key Encryption

Computational Security

The Concrete Approach

The Asymptotic Approach

Defining Computationally Secure Encryption

The Basic Definition of Security (EAV-Security)

*Semantic Security

Constructing an EAV-Secure Encryption Scheme

Pseudorandom Generators

Proofs by Reduction

EAV-Security from a Pseudorandom Generator

Stronger Security Notions

Security for Multiple Encryptions

Chosen-Plaintext Attacks and CPA-Security

CPA-Security for Multiple Encryptions

Constructing a CPA-Secure Encryption Scheme

Pseudorandom Functions and Permutations

CPA-Security from a Pseudorandom Function

Modes of Operation and Encryption in Practice

Stream Ciphers

Stream-Cipher Modes of Operation

Block Ciphers and Block-Cipher Modes of Operation

*Nonce-Based Encryption

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

4. Message Authentication Codes

Message Integrity

Secrecy vs Integrity

Encryption vs Message Authentication

Message Authentication Codes (MACs) - Definitions

Constructing Secure Message Authentication Codes

A Fixed-Length MAC

Domain Extension for MACs

CBC-MAC

The Basic Construction

*Proof of Security

GMAC and Poly

MACs from Difference-Universal Functions

Instantiations

*Information-Theoretic MACs

One-Time MACs from Strongly Universal Functions

One-Time MACs from Difference-Universal Functions

Limitations on Information-Theoretic MACs

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

5. CCA-Security and Authenticated Encryption

Chosen-Ciphertext Attacks and CCA-Security

Padding-Oracle Attacks

Defining CCA-Security

Authenticated Encryption

Defining Authenticated Encryption

CCA Security vs Authenticated Encryption

Authenticated Encryption Schemes

Generic Constructions

Standardized Schemes

Secure Communication Sessions

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

6. Hash Functions and Applications

Definitions

Collision Resistance

Weaker Notions of Security

Domain Extension: The Merkle-Damgard Transform

Message Authentication Using Hash Functions

Hash-and-MAC

HMAC

Generic Attacks on Hash Functions

Birthday Attacks for Finding Collisions

Small-Space Birthday Attacks

*Time/Space Tradeo s for Inverting Hash Functions

The Random-Oracle Model

The Random-Oracle Model in Detail

Is the Random-Oracle Methodology Sound?

Additional Applications of Hash Functions

Fingerprinting and Deduplication

Merkle Trees

Password Hashing

Key Derivation

Commitment Schemes

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

7. Practical Constructions of Symmetric-Key Primitives

Stream Ciphers

Linear-Feedback Shift Registers

Adding Nonlinearity

Trivium

RC4

ChaCha20

Block Ciphers

Substitution-Permutation Networks

Feistel Networks

DES - The Data Encryption Standard

3 DES: Increasing the Key Length of a Block Cipher

AES -The Advanced Encryption Standard

*Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis

Compression Functions and Hash Functions

Compression Functions from Block Ciphers

MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2

The Sponge Construction and SHA-3 (Keccak)

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

8. *Theoretical Constructions of Symmetric-Key Primitives

One-Way Functions

Definitions

Candidate One-Way Functions

Hard-Core Predicates

From One-Way Functions to Pseudorandomness

Hard-Core Predicates from One-Way Functions

A Simple Case

A More Involved Case

The Full Proof

Constructing Pseudorandom Generators

Pseudorandom Generators with Minimal Expansion

Increasing the Expansion Factor

Constructing Pseudorandom Functions

Constructing (Strong) Pseudorandom Permutations

Assumptions for Private-Key Cryptography

Computational Indistinguishability

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

III Public-Key (Asymmetric) Cryptography

9. Number Theory and Cryptographic Hardness Assumptions

Preliminaries and Basic Group Theory

Primes and Divisibility

Modular Arithmetic

Groups

The Group ZN

*Isomorphisms and the Chinese Remainder Theorem

Primes, Factoring, and RSA

Generating Random Primes

*Primality Testing

The Factoring Assumption

The RSA Assumption

*Relating the Factoring and RSA Assumptions

Cryptographic Assumptions in Cyclic Groups

Cyclic Groups and Generators

The Discrete-Logarithm/Diffie-Hellman Assumptions

Working in (Subgroups of) Zp

Elliptic Curves

*Cryptographic Applications

One-Way Functions and Permutations

Collision-Resistant Hash Functions

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

10. *Algorithms for Factoring and Computing Discrete Logarithms

Algorithms for Factoring

Pollard's p - Algorithm

Pollard's Rho Algorithm

The Quadratic Sieve Algorithm

Generic Algorithms for Computing Discrete Logarithms

The Pohlig-Hellman Algorithm

The Baby-Step/Giant-Step Algorithm

Discrete Logarithms from Collisions

Index Calculus: Computing Discrete Logarithms in Zp

Recommended Key Lengths

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

11. Key Management and the Public-Key Revolution

Key Distribution and Key Management

A Partial Solution: Key-Distribution Centers

Key Exchange and the Diffie-Hellman Protocol

The Public-Key Revolution

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

12. Public-Key Encryption

Public-Key Encryption - An Overview

Definitions

Security against Chosen-Plaintext Attacks

Multiple Encryptions

Security against Chosen-Ciphertext Attacks

Hybrid Encryption and the KEM/DEM Paradigm

CPA-Security

CCA-Security

CDH/DDH-Based Encryption

El Gamal Encryption

DDH-Based Key Encapsulation

*A CDH-Based KEM in the Random-Oracle Model

*Chosen-Ciphertext Security and DHIES/ECIES

RSA-Based Encryption

Plain RSA Encryption

Padded RSA and PKCS # v

*CPA-Secure Encryption without Random Oracles

OAEP and PKCS # v

*A CCA-Secure KEM in the Random-Oracle Model

RSA Implementation Issues and Pitfalls

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

13. Digital Signature Schemes

Digital Signatures - An Overview

Definitions

The Hash-and-Sign Paradigm

RSA-Based Signatures

Plain RSA Signatures

RSA-FDH and PKCS #1 Standards

Signatures from the Discrete-Logarithm Problem

Identification Schemes and Signatures

The Schnorr Identification/Signature Schemes

DSA and ECDSA

Certificates and Public-Key Infrastructures

Putting It All Together { TLS

*Signcryption

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

14. *Post-Quantum Cryptography

Post-Quantum Symmetric-Key Cryptography

Grover's Algorithm and Symmetric-Key Lengths

Collision-Finding Algorithms and Hash Functions

Shor's Algorithm and its Impact on Cryptography

Post-Quantum Public-Key Encryption

Post-Quantum Signatures

Lamport's Signature Scheme

Chain-Based Signatures

Tree-Based Signatures

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

15. *Advanced Topics in Public-Key Encryption

Public-Key Encryption from Trapdoor Permutations

Trapdoor Permutations

Public-Key Encryption from Trapdoor Permutations

The Paillier Encryption Scheme

The Structure of Z_N

The Paillier Encryption Scheme

Homomorphic Encryption

Secret Sharing and Threshold Encryption

Secret Sharing

Verifiable Secret Sharing

Threshold Encryption and Electronic Voting

The Goldwasser-Micali Encryption Scheme

Quadratic Residues Modulo a Prime

Quadratic Residues Modulo a Composite

The Quadratic Residuosity Assumption

The Goldwasser-Micali Encryption Scheme

The Rabin Encryption Scheme

Computing Modular Square Roots

A Trapdoor Permutation Based on Factoring

The Rabin Encryption Scheme

References and Additional Reading

Exercises

Index of Common Notation

Appendix A Mathematical Background

A Identities and Inequalities

A Asymptotic Notation

A Basic Probability

A The \Birthday" Problem

A *Finite Fields

Appendix B Basic Algorithmic Number Theory

B Integer Arithmetic

B Basic Operations

B The Euclidean and Extended Euclidean Algorithms

B Modular Arithmetic

B Basic Operations

B Computing Modular Inverses

B Modular Exponentiation

B *Montgomery Multiplication

B Choosing a Uniform Group Element

B *Finding a Generator of a Cyclic Group

B Group-Theoretic Background

B Efficient Algorithms

References and Additional Reading

Exercises



　

/

The award-winning VES Handbook of Visual Effects remains the most complete guide to visual effects techniques and best practices available today. This new edition has been updated to include the latest, industry-standard techniques, technologies, and workflows for the ever-evolving fast paced world of visual effects. The Visual Effects Society (VES) tasked the original authors to update their areas of expertise, such as AR/VR Moviemaking, Color Management, Cameras, VFX Editorial, Stereoscopic and the Digital Intermediate, as well as provide detailed chapters on interactive games and full animation. Additionally, 56 contributors share their best methods, tips, tricks, and shortcuts developed through decades of trial and error and real-world, hands-on experience.

This third edition has been expanded to feature lessons on 2.5D/3D Compositing; 3D Scanning; Digital Cinematography; Editorial Workflow in Animated and Visual Effects Features; Gaming updates; General Geometry Instancing; Lens Mapping for VFX; Native Stereo; Real-Time VFX and Camera Tracking; Shot/Element Pulls and Delivery to VFX; Techvis; VFX Elements and Stereo; Virtual Production; and VR/AR (Virtual Reality

Augmented Reality).

A must-have for anyone working in or aspiring to work in visual effects, The VES Handbook of Visual Effects, Third Edition covers essential techniques and solutions for all VFX artists, producers, and supervisors, from pre-production to digital character creation, compositing of both live-action and CG elements, photorealistic techniques, and much more. With subjects and techniques clearly and definitively presented in beautiful four-color, this handbook is a vital resource for any serious VFX artist.

Table of Contents

Coming Soon …

Chapter 1: Introduction

First, Some Ground Rules

Now, the Introduction

Why Use Visual Effects

Chapter 2: Pre-Production /Preparation

Overview

Breaking Down a Script – Budgeting

Ballpark Budget

More Detailed Budgets

Bidding

Plate Photography

Temp Screenings

Reviewing Bids

Contracts

Rebidding during Shooting

Rebidding in Post

Monitoring the Budget and Schedule

Keeping the Budget Down

Working with the Director and Producer

Demo Reel

The Meeting

Moving Forward

Production Departments

Production Design

Camera

Working with the Cinematographer

Special Effects

Stunts

Wardrobe

Makeup

Production

Visual Effects

Editorial

Locations

Production Meeting

Designing Visual Effects Shots

Guidelines for Directors

Storyboards

Previs

Objective of the Shot

Concept Art

Continuity

Photorealism

Original Concepts

Budget

Reality and Magic

Camera Angles

Framing

Scale

Detail

Speed

Scaled Images

Depth of Field

Sequence of Shots

Camera Motion

Less Is More

Action Pacing

CG Characters

Creatures and Character Design

Powers of 10 Shots

Visual Effects Techniques

Technique Considerations

Additional Suggestions for Determining Techniques

Development of Previs Techniques

History and Background

What is Previs and Other Forms of Visualization?

What is Previs?

Different Types of Visualization and When to Use Them

Visualization: The New Essential

The Application of Previs: Who Benefits and How?

The Benefits of Previs

Project Types

Post-Visualization

What is Post-Visualization?

Why Use Postvis?

Who Does Postvis?

Cautions and Suggestions for Good Practice

The Perils of Previs!

Passing the Work On

The Role of the VFX Supervisor in Previs

Previs: Advanced Techniques

Visualization Usefulness

VR as a Tool

Visualization in Engine

Render in Engine

Visualization in Real Time

AR as a Tool

Camera Angle Projection

Introduction

Drawing What the Lens Sees

Techvis

What Is Techvis?

Who is Techvis for?

Virtual Production

What is Virtual Production?

How is Virtual Production Used?

Chapter 3: Acquisition

Shooting

Working on Set

Common Types of Special Effects

What are Special Effects?

A Brief History of Special Effects

The Special Effects Coordinator

Working with the Visual Effects

Visual Effects in Service to SFX

Special Effects Design and Planning

Storyboards and Previs

The Elements: Rain, Wind, and Snow and Ice

Smoke, Fire, and Pyrotechnics

Mechanical Effects

Flying Wire Rigs and Stunts

Safety

Greenscreen and Bluescreen Photograph

Best Practices and Otherwise

Overview

Function of the Backing

Negative Scanning and Digital Conversion

Backing Uniformity and Screen Correction

The Alpha Channel

The Processed Foreground

The Composite

Recommended Specifications and Practices

How to Expose a Green Screen Shot, and Why

Setting Screen Brightness

Choosing the Backing Color

Floor Shots, Virtual Sets

Foreground Lighting

Controlling Spill Light

Lighting Virtual Sets

Tracking Markers

On-Set Preview

Cameras for Blue Screen or Green Screen Photography

Underwater Photography

On-Set Data Acquisition

Camera Report

Tracking Markers

Props for the Actors

Cyberscanning

Digital Photos

Lidar/Laser Scanning

Lens Distortion Charts

HDRI and Chrome Balls

Lidar Scanning and Acquisition

On-Set 3D Scanning Systems

Types of Technology

Lidar

Photogrammetry

Prop Scanners

Lighting Data

Gathering Lighting Data

Beware of False Savings!

Using Conventional Still Cameras

Reference Shooting Considerations

Clean Plates

Shooting the Clean Plate

Locked-Off Camera

Moving Camera

Other Issues

Post-Process

Alternates without Clean Plates

Other Uses for Clean Plates

Monster Sticks

On-Set Animation Capture: Witness Cam (IBMC)

Wireless Non-Video Motion Capture

Factors Affecting Witness Cameras

Dealing with the Data in Post-Production

Camera Tracking for Real-Time Visualization

Camera Tracking Pre-Production

The Camera Department

Prior to Shooting

Current Tracking Systems in Use

Triangulation As a Method of Recording Camera Data

Camera/Subject Positional Information

Basics: The Toolkit

Basics: Nodal Point

Photographic Reference

How to Proceed

Shooting Video as a Reference

Rules, Setup, and Testing

Do a Complete Test Shot!

Why Run Through Example or Test Shots?

Digital Cinematography

Digital Definitions

High Dynamic Range (HDR)

Lens Metadata

Look Management

The Recording System

Lens Mapping for VFX

VFX Photography

The Camera Array

Designing an Array Shot

Technicians

Shoot Day

Special Techniques

Post

The Future

Filming Live-Action Plates to be Used in VFX

Camera Position (Station Point)

Angle of View

Lighting Considerations

Camera Tilt

Background Quality

Moving Plates

Scouting the Camera Positions

A Case Study

Camera Cars

Camera Car Safety Issues

Purpose-Built Crane Cars

Vibration and Camera Stabilization

Road Speed

Precautions

Panoramic Rigs

On the Water

Air to Air

Cable Systems

Shooting Elements for Compositing

What Is an Element?

Stock Footage

Types of Elements

Generic versus Shot-Specific Elements

Determining Element Needs

Cheating

Backgrounds

Black Backgrounds

Line-Up

Camera Format Considerations

Assorted Methods for Shooting Elements

High-Speed Photography and Filming Elements

Cameras

Technicians

Director of Photography

Lighting

Application

Locking Down the Camera

Video Assist

Post

Supervising Motion Control

What is Motion Control?

Performance Choreography

Multiple-Pass Photography

Scaling

Import and Export of Camera Move Data

The Data

Types of Motion Control Systems

Motion Control Software

Camera Types

Sync and Phase

Dealing with Production

Acquisition of Motion

Still Photographic Textures for Mapping onto CG

Panoramic Backgrounds

Tiled Stills

Motion Tiling and Synchronous Plates

Practical Considerations

Stills for Textures and Lighting

Stop-Motion

Evolution of Stop-Motion Photography

The Time Required to Shoot in Stop-Motion

Preparation before Shooting

Setting up a Shooting Space for Stop-Motion

Use of Motion Control in Stop-Motion

Useful Caveats

Evolution of a Shot

Use of Stop-Motion in Visual Effects

Chapter 4: Performance and Motion Capture

What is Motion Capture?

Is Motion Capture Right for a Project?

The Mocap Look

Technical Specifications

Entry Point

Budget

Which Technology is Right for a Project?

Gauging a Project’s Needs and Constraints

Passive Retroreflective Optical

Active Optical

Inertial

Structured Light

Dense Stereo Reconstruction

Bend Sensors

Preparing for Motion Capture

Actors

Motion Capture Suits

Marker Placement – Body

Marker Placement – Face

Rigging for Motion Capture

Shot List

Technology Considerations

Hardware

The Strobe

Markers

Lenses

Filter

Image Sensor

Onboard Processor

Inputs/Outputs

Setup

Software

Acquisition

Calibration

Post-Processing

Reconstruction

Labeling

Gap Filling

Cleaning

Solving Motion Capture

Facial Motion Capture

Facial Actor Survey

Actor Survey – Hardware

Reference Data

Statistical Data

Facial Rigging

Facial Acquisition

Audio

Facial Motion Capture Solving

Real-Time Motion Capture

Real-Time Uses

Real-Time Limitations

Alternate Technologies

Motion Capture Resources

Virtual Production

World Building

Previsualization

On-Set Visualization

Virtual Cinematography

Chapter 5: Stereoscopic 3D

How 3D Works

Accommodation and Convergence

Interaxial Separation

Toe-in Versus Horizontal Image Translation

Parallax or Depth Budget

Positive and Negative Parallax

Floating Windows

Fix It in Post

Stereoscopic Design

The Emerging Grammar of 3D

Creative Use of Depth

Previsualization

Avoiding Painful 3D

The Aesthetic of Scale

Cutting for 3D

Designing for Multiple Release Formats

Immersion-Based versus Convergence-Based Stereo

Native Stereo

Pre-Production

On-Set

Stereography in the Visual Effects Process

Stereography for Finishing

HFR as a Solution for Better 3D Movies

VFX Elements and Stereo

Introduction – How VFX Elements are Used

Native Stereo Content

Mono Capture – Packaged Script and Element Deliveries

Mono Capture – Hybrid Approach for Stereo Delivery

Mono Capture – Full CG Approach for Stereo Delivery

Creating Depth – Layout and Stereography

Stereo Camera – Depth Wedges

Stereo Compositing

Requesting a Full CG Stereo Render Mid-Production

VFX Production Tasks

2D to 3D Conversion

Depth Creation Preparation

Visual Analysis of 2D Depth Cues

Pre-Production and Previs for Conversion

Source and Target Perspective

Shared Shots/Shared Workflows

Main Stages of 2D-to-3D Conversion

Major 2D-to-3D Conversion Workflows

Special Cases

Re-projection Mapping Workflow

Pixel Displacement or Pixel Shifting

Other 2D-to-3D Conversion Workflows

Is "Real" Always Right?

2D-to-3D Conversion Management

Stereoscopic Visual Effects

Prepping for the Third Dimension

Shooting the Third Dimension

Visual Effects in the Third Dimension

Photographed Elements

Accuracy and Attention to Detail

Artistic Skill Level

Data Management

Stereoscopic Digital Intermediate Workflow

Stereoscopic 3D Process Milestone

Viewing 3D Dailies

Projection Screens for Stereoscopic Viewing

3D Editorial Processes

Data Workflow

Applying the 3D Grade

3D Stereo Deliverables

3D Home Video Deliverables

Stereoscopic Window

The Stereoscopic Window

Placement of the Window in Relation to the 3D Scene

Window Violations

Window Placement Logic

How to Create a Stereoscopic Window

Producing Movies in Three Dimensions

Development – Getting the Green Light

Production – What to Look Out For

Chapter 6: Post-Production

Image Manipulation

Resolution and Image Format Considerations

Formats

Transport

Resolution

Academy Color Encoding System (ACES)

ACES Components

ACES Benefits

ACES Color Space Encoding

Viewing ACES

Preparations for Using ACES

Image Compression/File Formats for Post Production

Image Encoding

Still Image Compression

Other Lossless Compression Methods

File Formats

Color Management

The Three Guidelines

Digital Color Image Encodings and Digital Cameras

Color Management at the Desktop

Bringing Color Management to Film Workflows

Digital Intermediate

Shot Element Pulls and Delivery to VFX

Introduction

The Lab

"Production" Is to "Lab" as …

The Merge

The Handoff

VFX Editorial

The Select

The Pull

VFX Editorial

Editing within a Shot: The Art of Precompositing (Precomp)

How It Came to Be

Modern Day Tracking and Disseminating of Information

As the Shot Changes

Wrapping It Up

Editorial Workflow in Feature Animation

Introduction

Editorial Crew Staffing and Structure

Editorial Involvement with Feature Animation Production Stages

Communication with Artists

Starting

Working with Teams

Working Globally

Reference and Perspective

Shot Production

Communicating with Artists in Other Departments

Completion

Compositing of Live-Action Elements

Modern Digital Compositing

Scene Tracking

Rotoscoping and Paint

Rotoscoping

Digital Painting and Plate Reconstruction

Matte Paintings/Creative Environments

Matte Paintings: Art of the Digital Realm

What Is a Matte Painting?

Matte Painting Pioneers and History

Visualizing the Matte Painting Shot in Pre-Production

On-Set Supervision for Matte Painting Shots

Basic Skills and Tricks of the Trade

Miniatures and Computer-Generated Sets

Finding the Best Frame

Re-Projected Photo Survey

The Need for Creative Compositing

3D Matte Painting

Chapter 7: Digital Element Creation

Digital Modeling

Overview: The Importance of Modeling

Types of Modeling

Model Data Types

Development of Models

Modeling for a Production Pipeline

Engineering Aspects for Polygons

Engineering Aspects for NURBS

Rigging and Animation Rigging

Rigging: What is It?

Animation Rigging

Deformation Rigging

Texturing And Surfacing

The Importance of Texture Painting

Hard Surface Models

Creature Models

Types of Geometry: Their Problems and Benefits

Prepping the Model to Be Painted

Texture Creation

Various Other Map-Driven Effects

Texture Painting in Production

Model Editing

Digital Hair

Fur

Hair Generation Process

General Issues and Solutions

Digital Feathers

Morphology of Real Feathers

Modeling Digital Feathers

Similarities between Hair and Feathers

Differences between Hair and Feathers

General Geometry Instancing

Asset Creation

World Building

Shot Considerations

Dynamics and Simulation

How is a Simulation Created?

When is Simulation Appropriate?

Tricks and Cheats

Important Considerations

Planning and Preparation

Software Solutions: A Broad Overview of Current Options

Particles

What are Particle Systems?

The Next Step

The Birth of Particles

Creating Effects

Rigid-Body Dynamics

How Rigid-Body Dynamics are Created

Potential Problems

Other Issues

Tricks for Getting It Done

Digital Lighting

Light in Reality and in Computer Graphics

Case Study of Reality Compared with Simple CG Simulation

Visual Sophistication through Texture Mapping

Physically Derived Shading Models

Beneath the Surface

Goals of Lighting in Visual Effects

Work Flow for Successful Creative Digital Lighting

The Technologies of Lights in Computer Graphics

Direct Lighting: Source to Surface to Camera

Reflections

Photographed Reflections

Shadows

Image-Based Lighting

Rendering Occlusion

Ambient Occlusion

Reflection Occlusion

Creating Light Sources from Environment Maps

Physically Based Rendering

Physically Plausible Rendering

Volumetric Lighting Effects

Shader Basics

What are Shaders?

Shading Models

Bump and Displacement

Map-Based Shaders

Procedural Shaders

Shader Design

Anti-aliasing Considerations

2D Compositing

2D File Formats

Image Quality: Color Bit Depth and Concatenation

Log vs. Linear

Low Dynamic Range and High Dynamic Range Images

Mattes and Pre-Multiplied Alpha

Working with Rendered CG Elements

Integration Techniques

2D Compositing

Z-Depth Compositing

Adding Depth of Field

Adding Motion Blur

Relighting

3D Compositing

Working with 3D Data in a Compositor

Pan and Tile

Camera Projections

Set Extensions

Coverage Mapping

3D Mattes

3D Retouch and Cleanup

Adjusting Camera Moves

Particles

Deep Compositing

Crowd Generation and Simulation Techniques

Live-Action Replication

Sprites

Computer-Generated Crowds

Modeling for Replication

Variation

Mesh Density

Animation Cycles for Replication

Motion Capture

Keyframe Animation

Dynamic Motion Synthesis

Behaviors and Crowd Control

CG Prosthetics and Actor Enhancements

On-Set Tracking and Capture Considerations

Eye Enhancements

3D Techniques

2D Techniques

2D Techniques

Silhouette Changes

Re-Projection

3D Products, Systems, and Software

Digital Element Creation Process

3D Graphics Software

3D Tracking

Special Effects

Rendering

Texturing

Chapter 8: Interactive Games

Overview

How the Gaming Industry and Film/TV Industries are different

Game Engines and Real-Time Rendering

Runtime Component

Disciplines and Job Titles

Game Design

Engineering

Production

Test

Art

The Art Director

Concept Art

Environment Artists

Texture Artist

Characters

Hard Modeling

Props

Lighting

Baked vs. Dynamic Lighting

Shadows

Effects

System Effects

Environmental FX

Breakables

Destruction

Tech Artist

Animation

UI

Real Time Shaders and Materials

Pre-Rendered Cinematics vs. Real Time Visuals

Optimization and Runtime Budgets

Performance Analysis and Profiling

CPU vs. GPU bound

Technical Terminology

User Calibration

Latency

"Game Mode" on Televisions

HDR10

PBR – Physically Based Rendering

FBX

Mip Mapping

Filtering

Texel

Screen Space Ambient Occlusion

Level of Detail

Vertex Shaders and Fragment Shaders

AR/VR

Future of Gaming

On-Demand Rendering, Cloud Distribution and Ray Tracing

Chapter 9: Complete Animation

What Is An Animation Project?

Full Animation versus Visual Effects

Difference Between Visual Effects and Animation

Production Pipelines

Production

A Survey and History of Animation Techniques

Traditional Animation

Stop-Motion

Computer Graphic Technology

Considerations for a Full CG-Animated Feature Pipeline

CG Feature Animation Pipeline

Managing an Animated Film

Film Management and Personal Style

Building Brain Trusts

Building the Core Creative Team

Writing and Visual Development

Working with a Studio

Facilities and Environment

Managing the Event

The Production Process: An Animator’s Perspective

Working on CG-Animated Content in Live-Action Features

Planning the Process

Production

Character and Environment Interaction

Chapter 10: General Workflow Considerations

Virtual Studio Technology

Analysis of A Production Workflow

From Workflow to Pipeline

Service Bureau versus In-House Requirements

Design of a Production Workflow

From Analysis to Design

Deploying a Production Workflow

From Design to Implementation

Infrastructure

Tracking Assets

What is Task and Asset Tracking?

Commercial Task and Asset Tracking Systems

Building Task and Asset Tracking Systems

Scene Assembly

3D Scene Assembly

2D Scene Assembly (Compositing)

Working Across Multiple Facilities

Images

Models

Texturing

Animation

Compositing

R&D

Chapter 11: VR 

AR (Virtual

Augmented Reality)

A Note from the Editors

Prelude to Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality

Pre-Production for VR/AR

Production for VR/AR

Post-Production for VR/AR

Editorial Post-Production for VR/AR

How to Direct the Viewer?

The Post-Process

Nonlinear Editorial, Timelines and Edits

World Lock and Forced Perspective

Types of Head-Mounted and Handheld Displays

What are the HMD and the "VR Presence"?

Electronical Designs of HMDs and their Respective Performances

Optical Designs of HMDs and their Respective Usages

Image Quality Factors in VR HMD Displays

Hemispheres and Domes

Game Mechanics Are What it is All About

Overcoming Doubt and Preconceived Notions

Dome Projections

The Future of Domes

VR/AR Tracking Displays

Uses of VR

Enterprise

Narrative Storytelling

Future of VR and AR

This is Just the Beginning

Acknowledgments

Appendix A: Charts and Formulas

Appendix B: Credits

Titles to Be Submitted in Accordance with VES Guidelines

Appendix C: Glossary

Index

The new fifth edition of Ecotourism focuses on an array of economic, social and ecological inconsistencies that continue to plague ecotourism in theory and practice, and examines the sector in reference to other related forms of tourism, impacts, conservation, sustainability, education and interpretation, policy and governance, and the ethical imperative of ecotourism as these apply to the world’s greenest form of tourism.

Building on the success of prior editions, the texthas been revised throughout to incorporate recent research, including ecotourism taking place in under-represented world regions. It includes new case studies on important themes in research and practice as well as learning objectives in each chapter. David Fennell provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the most important issues, including climate change and UN Sustainable Development Goals. Ecotourism continues to be embraced as the antithesis of mass tourism because of its promise of achieving sustainability through conservation mindedness, community development, education and learning, and the promotion of nature-based activities that are sensitive to both ecological and social systems. The book debates to what extent this promise has been realised.

An essential reference for those interested in ecotourism, the book is accessible to students, but retains the depth required for use by researchers and practitioners in the field. This book will be of interest to students across a range of disciplines including geography, economics, business, ethics, biology, and environmental studies.

Table of Contents

Part I: The essence of ecotourism 1. The nature of ecotourism 2. The ecotourist Part II: Core criteria used to define ecotourism 3 Nature-based 4. Sustainability 1: local participation and benefits 5. Sustainability 2: parks and conservation 6. Learning 7. The moral imperative Part III: Topics and issues important to ecotourism 8. Socio-cultural and ecological impacts of ecotourism 9. Economic impacts and marketing of ecotourism 10. Development, governance and policy 11. Programme planning 12. Conclusion