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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Ethnic studies > Jewish studies
It is no coincidence that many of the most celebrated female
performers throughout both the 19th and 20th centuries - women
widely considered to represent the spirit of their times - were
Jewish. Mock traces a lineage that stretches from the first
international stage stars, Rachel of the Comedie-Francaise and
Sarah Bernhardt, to stars of film and television such as Barbra
Streisand, Bette Midler and Roseanne. In a unique enquiry, this
book embraces issues of gender, sexuality, race, class and
nationality through the figure of the Jewish woman to show how a
very specific marginal identity has transformed mainstream
cultures.
This book explores the Jewish Left's innovative strategies in
maintaining newspapers, radio stations, and educational activities
during a moment of crisis in global democracy. In the wake of the
First World War, as immigrant workers and radical organizations
came under attack, leaders within largely Jewish unions and
political parties determined to keep their tradition of social
unionism alive. By adapting to an emerging media environment
dependent on advertising, turn-of-the-century Yiddish socialism
morphed into a new political identity compatible with American
liberalism and an expanding consumer society. Through this process,
the Jewish working class secured a place within the New Deal
coalition they helped to produce. Using a wide array of archival
sources, Brian Dolber demonstrates the importance of cultural
activity in movement politics, and the need for thoughtful debate
about how to structure alternative media in moments of political,
economic, and technological change.
Recent discussion of biblical law sees it either as a response to
socio-economic factors or as an intellectual tradition. In either
case it is viewed as the product of elites that form an
international community drawing on a common culture. This book
takes that fundamental discussion a step further by proposing that
'law' is an inappropriate term for the biblical codes, and that
they represent, rather, the 'moral advice' of scribes working
independently of the legal framework and appealing to Yahweh as
authority. Only by prolonged exegesis and through the
transformation of Judaean religion does this 'advice' take the form
of divine law binding on Jews.>
Of all victims of Nazi persecution, German Jews had to suffer the
Nazi yoke for the longest time. Throughout the Third Reich, they
were exposed to anti-Jewish propaganda, discrimination,
anti-Semitic laws and increasingly to outrages and offences by
non-Jewish Germans. While the International Military Tribunal and
the subsequent American Military Tribunals at Nuremberg dealt with
a variety of Nazi crimes according to international law, these
courts did not consider themselves cognizant in adjudicating
wrongdoings against German citizens and those who lost German
citizenship based on the so-called "Nuremberg laws," such as
Germany's Jews. Until recently, scholarship failed to explore this
task of the German judiciary in more detail. Edith Raim fills this
gap by showing the extent of the crimes committed against Jews
beyond the traditionally known facts and by elucidating how the
West German administration of justice was reconstructed under
Allied supervision.
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The Community of Żarki
(Hardcover)
Yitzchak Lador; Translated by David Horowitz-Larochette; Cover design or artwork by Rachel Kolokoff Hopper
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In this pioneering volume, a group of "third generation" scholars
subject the contested ligature between Finland and the Holocaust to
critique. Finland's Holocaust: Silences of History traces the
implications of antisemitism in Finland in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries, through Finland's alliance with the
Third Reich during much of World War II, to the complex negotiation
with its wartime past. Taking up a range of issues - from cultural
history, folklore, the arts, and sports, to the interpretation of
military and national history - this collection examines how modern
Finnish memory and the writing of history have both engaged and
evaded the figure of the Holocaust. As the first English-language
introduction to the changing position of Finland in contemporary
international Holocaust historiography, Finland's Holocaust is
essential reading for any student of antisemitism and the
Holocaust, providing a critical perspective on the role of
political and cultural historiography in modern Finland.
For many centuries Jews and Germans were economically and
culturally of significant importance in East-Central and Eastern
Europe. Since both groups had a very similar background of origin
(Central Europe) and spoke languages which are related to each
other (German/Yiddish), the question arises to what extent Jews and
Germans in Eastern Europe share common historical developments and
experiences. This volume aims to explore not only entanglements and
interdependences of Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe from the
late middle ages to the 20th century, but also comparative aspects
of these two communities. Moreover, the perception of Jews as
Germans in this region is also discussed in detail.
Described by the book's Polish publisher as a literary take on the
author's experience in the Lodz ghetto and the Nazi concentration
camps. Arnold Mostowicz, a Polish Jew was a doctor in the Lodz
ghetto and intermittently in the camps. He was a witness to and
participant in situations that have received little attention. The
book contains a unique account of a worker demonstration in 1940,
and a description of the Gypsy camp that the Nazis had created on
the edge of the Lodz ghetto. It also gives an analysis of how the
antagonism between the Lodz Jews and the German and Czech Jews,
deported to the ghetto, played itself out in everyday life.
This story of survival against all odds tells what befell Kurt
Pick, an Austrian Jew, after he left his Vienna home and fled the
Nazi persecution of his race. He was captured whilst attempting to
walk across the German border into Belgium, but escaped and
succeeded in being smuggled into Brussels, where he existed in
constant fear, freezing cold and near starvation. In the summer of
1939 he was appointed Administrator of a camp for Jewish refugee
families at Marneffe, near Brussels, becoming their official link
with the outside world. When Germany invaded Belgium, the 600
residents were evacuated and joined the immense tide of refugees
clogging the roads. Pick survived the air attacks and reached
Avesnes, where he was mistaken for a spy, almost shot, and then
nearly lynched by civilians. With the Germans now in occupation, he
walked 100 miles back to Brussels. In 1942 he left to become a
baker at a boarding school which he found was sheltering many Jews
and was being used as a centre for the Resistance. When the Germans
raided the school, he bluffed his way out and escaped to Liege.
From that point Pick was permanently on the run until the Americans
liberated Liege in September 1944. He survived, but was to discover
that most of his family had perished.
The rich history of the German rabbinate came to an abrupt halt
with the November Pogrom of 1938. The need to leave Germany became
clear and many rabbis made use of the visas they had been offered.
Their resettlement in Britain was hampered by additional obstacles
such as internment, deportation, enlistment in the Pioneer Corps.
But rabbis still attempted to support their fellow refugees with
spiritual and pastoral care. The refugee rabbis replanted the seed
of the once proud German Judaism into British soil. New synagogues
were founded and institutions of Jewish learning sprung up, like
rabbinic training and the continuation of "Wissenschaft des
Judentums." The arrival of Leo Baeck professionalized these efforts
and resulted in the foundation of the Leo Baeck College in London.
Refugee rabbis now settled and obtained pulpits in the many newly
founded synagogues. Their arrival in Britain was the catalyst for
much change in British Judaism, an influence that can still be felt
today.
In 1638, a small book of no more than 92 pages in octavo was
published "appresso Gioanne Calleoni" under the title "Discourse on
the State of the Jews and in particular those dwelling in the
illustrious city of Venice." It was dedicated to the Doge of Venice
and his counsellors, who are labelled "lovers of Truth." The author
of the book was a certain Simone (Simha) Luzzatto, a native of
Venice, where he lived and died, serving as rabbi for over fifty
years during the course of the seventeenth century. Luzzatto's
political thesis is simple and, at the same time, temerarious, if
not revolutionary: Venice can put an end to its political decline,
he argues, by offering the Jews a monopoly on overseas commercial
activity. This plan is highly recommendable because the Jews are
"wellsuited for trade," much more so than others (such as
"foreigners," for example). The rabbi opens his argument by
recalling that trade and usury are the only occupations permitted
to Jews. Within the confines of their historical situation, the
Venetian Jews became particularly skilled at trade with partners
from the Eastern Mediterranean countries. Luzzatto's argument is
that this talent could be put at the service of the Venetian
government in order to maintain - or, more accurately, recover -
its political importance as an intermediary between East and West.
He was the first to define the role of the Jews on the basis of
their economic and social functions, disregarding the classic
categorisation of Judaism's alleged privileged religious status in
world history. Nonetheless, going beyond the socio-economic
arguments of the book, it is essential to point out Luzzatto's
resort to sceptical strategies in order to plead in defence of the
Venetian Jews. It is precisely his philosophical and political
scepticism that makes Luzzatto's texts so unique. This edition aims
to grant access to his works and thought to English-speaking
readers and scholars. By approaching his texts from this point of
view, the editors hope to open a new path in research into Jewish
culture and philosophy that will enable other scholars to develop
new directions and new perspectives, stressing the interpenetration
between Jews and the surrounding Christian and secular cultures.
This book examines Jewish communities in Britain in an era of
immense social, economic and religious change: from the
acceleration of industrialisation to the end of the first phase of
large-scale Jewish immigration from Europe. Using the 1851 census
alongside extensive charity and community records, Jews in
Nineteenth-Century Britain tests the impact of migration, new types
of working and changes in patterns of worship on the family and
community life of seven of the fastest-growing industrial towns in
Britain. Communal life for the Jews living there (over a third of
whom had been born overseas) was a constantly shifting balance
between the generation of wealth and respectability, and the risks
of inundation by poor newcomers. But while earlier studies have
used this balance as a backdrop for the story of individual Jewish
communities, this book highlights the interactions between the
people who made them up. At the core of the book is the question of
what membership of the 'imagined community' of global Jewry meant:
how it helped those who belonged to it, how it affected where they
lived and who they lived with, the jobs that they did and the
wealth or charity that they had access to. By stitching together
patterns of residence, charity and worship, Alysa Levene is here
able to reveal that religious and cultural bonds had vital
functions both for making ends meet and for the formation of
identity in a period of rapid demographic, religious and cultural
change.
This book addresses the development of 'civil' anti-Semitism in
twentieth-century Britain, a crucial and often critically neglected
strand of anti-Jewish rhetoric that, prior to 1934, was essential
to the legitimization of proto-fascist political and literary
discourses, as well as stylistic practices within literary
modernism.
The Iberian Peninsula has always been an integral part of the
Mediterranean world, from the age of Tartessos and the Phoenicians
to our own era and the Union for the Mediterranean. The
cutting-edge essays in this volume examine what it means for
medieval and early modern Iberia and its people to be considered as
part of the Mediterranean.
While the Netherlands had often been thought of as a champion of
racial and ethnic tolerance before and during the Second World War,
more than 75% of Dutch Jews were killed and those returning after
the war were met with subtle but tough anti-Jewish sentiments as
they tried to reclaim their former lives. For most survivors, the
negative reactions were unexpected and shocking. Before the war,
Dutch Jews had become part of the fabric of Dutch life and society,
so the obstacles they faced upon their return were particularly
painful and difficult to handle. The sobering picture presented in
this book, based on research in archives, survivor's memoirs, and
interviews with survivors, examines and chronicles the experiences
of repatriated Jews in the Netherlands and sheds light on the
continuing uneasiness and sensitivities between Jews and non-Jews
there today. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, survivors returned
to their home countries not knowing what to expect. In the
Netherlands, considered a more tolerant nation, returnees wondered
how they would be received by their neighbors; what had happened to
their homes, their businesses, and their possessions; and whether
or not they would be welcomed back to their jobs or their schools.
The answers to many of these questions are now more important than
ever, as claims for restitution continue to be made. Hondius shows
that survivors returning to the Netherlands were met with a revival
in anti-Semitism around the issue of liberation and that many were
forced to create two memories of the time: one around the rejoicing
and displays of triumph that took place in public and the other
around the secret discrimination and cruelty, dealt subtly, inthe
private arenas of everyday life. The blinding effect of a long
history of generally good Jewish/non-Jewish relations turns out to
be a most tragic aspect of the history of the Holocaust and the
Netherlands.
"In this book, Miriamne Ara Krummel complicates the notion of the
English Middle Ages as a monolithic age of Christian faith.
Cataloguing and explicating the complex depictions of semitisms to
be found in medieval literature and material culture, this volume
argues that Jews were always present in medieval England, and it is
only in rereading the historical record that it has been considered
Judenrein-without Jews"--
"A herd of independent minds," Harold Roseberg once labelled his
fellow intellectuals. They were, and are, as this book shows, a
special and fascinating group, including literary critics like
Lionel Trilling, Alfred Kazin, Irving Howe, Leslie Fiedler, Philip
Rahv, and William Phillips; social scientists like Nathan Glazer;
art critics and historians Clement Greenberg, Harold Rrosenberg,
and Meyer Schapiro; novelist Saul Bellow; and political journalists
Irving Kristol and Norman Podhoretz. Their story winds through
nearly all of the crucial intellectual and political events of the
last decades, as well as through the major academic institutions of
the nation and the editorial boards of such important journals as
Partisan Review, Commentary, Dissent, The Public Interest, and The
New York Review of Books.
So deeply entrenched in our intellectual establishment are these
people that it's easy to forget that most grew up onthe edge of
American society--poor, Jewish, the children of immigrants.
Prodigal Sons retraces their common past, from their New York City
ghetto upbringing and education at Columbia and City College
through their radicalization in the '30s to their preeminence in
the postwar literary and academic world. The book examines their
youthful efforts to ignore their Jewish heritage and their later
rediscovery of this heritage in the wake of the Holocaust. It shows
how they moved toward the liberal center during the Cold War and
how the group fragmented in the 1960s, when some turned toward the
right, becoming key figures in the Neo-Conservative movement of the
1970s and '80s.
As Bloom points out, there is no single typical New York
intellectual; nor did they share all their ideas. This book is
concerned with how the community came to be formed, and what it
thought important, how and why it moved and changed, and why it
ultimately came undone. We learn some of the ways in which
intellectuals function and justify their own places and a great
deal about the political and cultural landscape over which New York
intellectuals passed.
A fascinating portrait of New York intellectual life over the past
half-century
.Based on interviews with many of the leading figures and 10
years of extensive research
.Takes us behind the scenes at Commentary, Partisan Review, The
Public Interest and other influential publications"
The emerging Jewish national consciousness in Europe toward the end
of the 19th century claims many spiritual fathers, some of which
have been seriously underestimated so far. Zionist intellectuals
such as Moses Hess, Leon Pinsker and Isaac Rulf were already
committed to the self-liberation of the Jewish people long before
Theodor Herzl. Their experiences and observations brought them to
believe that the emancipation and integration of Jews were not
realistically possible in Europe. Instead, they began to think in
national and territorial terms. The author explores the question as
to what extent religious messianism influenced the ideas of these
men and how this reflects in today's collective Israeli
consciousness. In a comprehensive epilogue, Julius H. Schoeps
critically correlates ideas of messianic salvation, Zionist pioneer
ideals, the settler's movement before and after 1967, and the
unsolved conflict between Israelis and Palestinians which has been
lasting for over 100 years.
Holocaust education is a controversial and rapidly evolving field.
This book, which critically analyses the very latest research,
discusses a number of the most important debates which are emerging
within it. Adopting a truly global perspective, it explores both
teachers' and students' levels of Holocaust knowledge as well as
their attitudes and approaches towards the subject.
Exploring five key texts from the emerging canon of second
generation writing, this exciting new study" "brings together
theories of autobiography, trauma, and fantasy to understand the
how traumatic family histories are represented. In doing so, it
demonstrates the continuing impact of familial and community
Holocaust trauma, and the need for a precise, clearly developed
theoretical framework in which to situate these works. This book
will appeal to final year undergraduates and postgraduate students,
as well as scholars in literary and Holocaust-related fields, and
an audience with personal and professional interests in the 'second
generation'.
In this book, twelve scholars of early modern history analyse
various categories and cases of deception and false identity in the
age of geographical discoveries and of forced conversions: from
two-faced conversos to serial converts, from demoniacs to
stigmatics, and from self-appointed ambassadors to lying
cosmographer.
This volume: Combines the development of German philosophy from the
Enlightenment to Idealism, and from Idealism to the revolutionary
turning-point of the mid-nineteenth century with the Jewish
question;Shows the close entwining of anti-Jewish prejudices with
awareness of the importance of Judaism in the formation of modern
thought;Points out the hopes, obstacles, compromises, and
disappointments of Jewish emancipation right up to the appearance
of racial anti-Semitism;Traces the changes in the debate over
Judaism from the theological perspective to the philosophical and
from the philosophical to that of the economic and
naturalistic;Underlines the dangers to toleration that arise from
seeing human history as directed towards a single aim."
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