This book covers state-of-the-art medical image analysis approaches currently pursued in autism research. Chapters cover recent advances in diagnosis using structural neuroimaging. All aspects of imaging are included, such as electrophysiology (EEG, ERP, QEEG, and MEG), postmortem techniques, and advantages and difficulties of depositing/acquiring images in larger databases. The book incorporates 2D, 3D, and 4D imaging and advances scientific research within the broad field of autism imaging.

This book provides a comprehensive and practical guide for the safe and efficient management of patients with intrinsic brain tumors and medically intractable epilepsy. It presents in an easily understandable way the preoperative evaluation of these patients, starting from the clinical interpretation of conventional anatomical MR imaging and analyses the clinical significance of newer MR based imaging techniques such as diffusion and perfusion imaging. It demonstrates with clarity the role of MR spectroscopy and fractional anisotropy and diffusion tensor imaging in the preoperative assessment of these patients and how this data can be incorporated into the surgical planning. This book is aimed at neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, neurologists, and epileptologists, and may also be of interest to neuropsychologists, neurophysiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical physicists.

Over the last century the ECG has been used by clinicians to make major clinical decisions with regard to electric pacing, the use of thrombolytic drugs in acute myocardial infarction and the timing of surgery. In conjunction with a chest X-ray and the echocardiogram it is a fundamental part of the initial investigation of a patient with suspected heart disease. These electrical squiggles have always been difficult for students to understand. In part the problem has been that the formatting of the ECG has only become standard in the last two decades. Some important books have not provided the full twelve-lead ECG. On occasion the interpretation of the ECG has been related to complex explanations of the shapes of the electrical signals. For the practising physician much of the interpretation is a matter of pattern recognition.

Presents a visual, step-by-step method for scanning and image documentation to provide diagnostic sonograms for physicians. Scanning principles and specific instructions are provided to improve the quality of sonographic studies and establish standardization. The text includes criteria for professionalism and clinical skills, plus requisites for handling ultrasound equipment, image labeling, image technique, and case presentation. A universal method for scanning and documenting pathologies is provided. The protocol chapters provide detailed scanning protocols for the major blood vessels and organs of the abdomen, the male and female pelvic regions and obstetrics. Protocols for the abdomen, scrotum, thyroid gland, breast, neonatal brain, vascular and cardiac systems are also included. Scanning principles and step-by-step instructions on how to scan and document images help users establish standardization and image documentation for physician diagnostic interpretation. Scanning protocols that follow AIUM guidelines provides the essential information on patient prep, transducers, breathing techniques, comprehensive surveys, and required images. The location of specific vessels or organs, anatomy and physiology, sonographic appearance, and normal variations are also included. Sonographic ergonomics and proper use of equipment help sonographers avoid occupational injuries. Scanning protocol for pathology provides the criteria for evaluating and documenting abnormal sonographic findings, describing those findings within legal parameters, and relating those findings to the interpreting physician. Review questions at the end of each chapter give users the ability to self-review. NEW! Transducer location drawings included on images helps users understand exactly where on the body they should scan to produce a particular image. NEW! Musculoskeletal chapter provides musculoskeletal coverage for those sonographers interested in this specialty. NEW! Two-color streamlined design enhances readability and allows for more images on the page. NEW! 300 new images demonstrate superior quality images from the latest state-of-the-art ultrasound equipment. NEW! Pedagogy including key terms and objectives is included at the beginning of each chapter to specify chapter expectations and focus study.

Fetal Echocardiography is a comprehensive, lavishly illustrated guide to fetal heart scanning for anyone involved in obstetric ultrasound. Authored by a leading pediatric cardiologist with over 30 years of experience, it brings together all the information needed by cardiologists, obstetricians, sonographers or maternal-fetal medicine clinicians in order to obtain clear, high-quality echocardiograms and interpret them. Initial chapters provide the basic principles of echocardiography and how to obtain the standard views, giving numerous illustrations of each standard view and the possible deviations from normal. Subsequent chapters present a complete pictorial representation of almost all malformations recognised in fetal life. An overview of the likely outcome of each malformation is given, backed up by personal data involving nearly 4000 abnormal fetal hearts. Additional chapters cover Fetal Arrhythmias and Early Fetal Heart Scanning. Highly illustrated and full of practical guidance, Fetal Echocardiography is an invaluable resource for all practitioners involved in obstetric scanning.

Effectively perform and interpret musculoskeletal ultrasound with this concise, highly illustrated resource by Jon A. Jacobson, MD. Fully revised, this bestselling title covers all the essential details of musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, providing a solid understanding of the technique and how to make accurate diagnoses. It takes a concise, clear, and step-by-step approach to all of the most common musculoskeletal ultrasound applications, with specific details on anatomy, patient positioning, scanning techniques, normal and abnormal findings, tips, and pitfalls. A succinct, highly accessible writing style makes information easy to understand. Over 200 narrated video clips of real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging provide instruction in a succinct, didactic format, highlighting key findings. Common percutaneous ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal procedures are demonstrated, including transducer and needle positioning. Nearly 400 new ultrasound images show scanning technique, anatomy, and essential pathology. Over 200 narrated video clips of real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging provide instruction in a succinct, didactic format, highlighting key findings. Newly revised information throughout helps you grasp essential concepts in diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound, ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal procedures, and much more. Chapter 1, Introduction and Chapter 2, Basic Pathology Concepts now included in both print and electronic versions. Thoroughly revised text, references, and images keep you up to date. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, Q&As, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Delayed recognition of an injury or improper stabilization of the spine can lead to irreversible spinal cord injury and permanent neurological damage. This highly illustrated resource chronicles the rapid developments in imaging technology and expertise over the past decades that have transformed the medical management of vertebral injury, including thoracolumbar trauma classification. With over 250 CT and MRI images, this essential text is designed to aid both trainees and practicing physicians in making rapid and accurate diagnoses to patients with spinal trauma and provide appropriate care. This clear, concise, case-based resource will serve as a guide and learning source for trainees as well as an easily navigable reference for medical practitioners that can be essential to establishing the presence of an acute spinal injury.

This book is designed to meet the needs of radiologists and radiographers by clearly depicting the anatomy that is generally visible on imaging studies. It presents the normal appearances on the most frequently used imaging techniques, including conventional radiology, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Similarly, all relevant body regions are covered: brain, spine, head and neck, chest, mediastinum and heart, abdomen, gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, urinary tract, and musculoskeletal system. The text accompanying the images describes the normal anatomy in a straightforward way and provides the medical information required in order to understand why we see what we see on diagnostic images. Helpful correlative anatomic illustrations in color have been created by a team of medical illustrators to further facilitate understanding.

Gamma cameras are traditionally large devices that are situated in nuclear medicine departments, but recent advances in detector design have enabled the production of compact gamma cameras that allow nuclear imaging at the patient bedside and in the operating theatre. Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging is the first book to cover this new area of imaging, and provides a unique insight into the experimental and clinical use of small field of view gamma cameras in hospitals. This book explores advances in the design and operation of compact gamma cameras and conducts a thorough review of current SFOV systems, before exploring the clinical applications of the technology. It is an essential reference for surgeons, operating theatre staff, clinical scientists (medical physicists), technologists, nuclear physicians and radiologists whose patients could benefit from this technology.

In recent years, there has been steady progress in the research of electrical impedance tomography (EIT), leading to important developments. These developments have excited interest in practitioners and researchers from a broad range of disciplines, including mathematicians devoted to uniqueness proofs and inverse problems, physicists dealing with bioimpedance, electronic engineerers involved in developing and extending its applications, and clinicians wishing to take advantage of this powerful new imaging method. With contributions from leading international researchers, Electrical Impedance Tomography: Methods, History and Applications provides an up-to-date review of the progress of EIT, the present state of knowledge, and a look at future advances and applications. Divided into four parts, the book presents an interdisciplinary approach. The first part discusses reconstruction algorithms while the second part describes the aspects of EIT instrumentation, including frequencies and electrodes. The third part features various EIT studies, such as breast cancer screening and artificial ventilation in intensive care units. The final part surveys new developments in magnetic induction tomography and magnetic resonance EIT (MREIT) as well as offers insight into three of the most productive and longstanding EIT research groups. The book also includes two nontechnical appendices that provide a brief and simple introduction to bioimpedance and the methods of EIT. Written in a style accessible to all related backgrounds, this reference will be helpful in establishing new methods and experiments of EIT, hopefully leading to radical breakthroughs in mainstream clinical practice.

An overview of statistical methods for analyzing data from fMRI experiments. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which allows researchers to observe neural activity in the human brain noninvasively, has revolutionized the scientific study of the mind. An fMRI experiment produces massive amounts of highly complex data; researchers face significant challenges in analyzing the data they collect. This book offers an overview of the most widely used statistical methods of analyzing fMRI data. Every step is covered, from preprocessing to advanced methods for assessing functional connectivity. The goal is not to describe which buttons to push in the popular software packages but to help readers understand the basic underlying logic, the assumptions, the strengths and weaknesses, and the appropriateness of each method. The book covers all of the important current topics in fMRI data analysis, including the relation of the fMRI BOLD (blood oxygen-level dependent) response to neural activation; basic analyses done in virtually every fMRI article-preprocessing, constructing statistical parametrical maps using the general linear model, solving the multiple comparison problem, and group analyses; the most popular methods for assessing functional connectivity-coherence analysis and Granger causality; two widely used multivariate approaches, principal components analysis and independent component analysis; and a brief survey of other current fMRI methods. The necessary mathematics is explained at a conceptual level, but in enough detail to allow mathematically sophisticated readers to gain more than a purely conceptual understanding. The book also includes short examples of Matlab code that implement many of the methods described; an appendix offers an introduction to basic Matlab matrix algebra commands (as well as a tutorial on matrix algebra). A second appendix introduces multivariate probability distributions.

The 3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology is the first atlas to present neurovascular information and images based on catheter 3D rotational angiographic studies. The images in this book are the culmination of work done by Neil M. Borden over several years using one of the first 3D neurovascular angiographic suites in the United States. With the aid of this revolutionary technology, Dr Borden has performed numerous diagnostic neurovascular angiographic studies as well as endovascular neurosurgical procedures. The spectacular 3D images he obtained are extensively labeled and juxtaposed with conventional 2D angiograms for orientation and comparison. Anatomical color drawings and concise descriptions of the major intracranial vascular territories further enhance understanding of the complex cerebral vasculature.

This book concisely reviews our current understanding of hypoxia, molecular targeting, DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and tumor pathophysiology, while also discussing novel strategies for putting these findings into practice in daily clinical routine. Radiotherapy is an important part of modern multimodal cancer treatment, and the past several years have witnessed not only substantial improvements in radiation techniques and the use of new beam qualities, but also major strides in our understanding of molecular tumor biology and tumor radiation response. Against this backdrop, the book highlights recent efforts to identify reasonable and clinically applicable biomarkers using broad-spectrum tissue microarrays and high-throughput systems biology approaches like genomics and epigenomics. In particular, it describes in detail how such molecular information is now being exploited for diagnostic imaging and imaging throughout treatment using the example of positron emission tomography. By discussing all these issues in the context of modern radiation oncology, the book provides a broad, up-to-date overview of the molecular aspects of radiation oncology that will hopefully foster its further optimization.

This book focuses on the practical aspects of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in glaucoma diagnostics offering important theoretical information along with many original cases. OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that acquires high-resolution images of the ocular structures. It enables clinicians to detect glaucoma in the early stages and efficiently monitor the disease. Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma features updated information on technical applications of OCT in glaucoma, reviews recently published literature and provides clinical cases based on Cirrus and Spectralis OCT platforms. In addition, newer techniques like event and trend analyses for progression, macular ganglion cell analysis, and OCT angiography are discussed. This book will serve as a reference for ophthalmologists and optometrists worldwide with a special interest in OCT imaging providing essential guidance on the application of OCT in glaucoma.

Develop a solid understanding of head and neck ultrasound with this practical, point-of-care reference in the popular Diagnostic Ultrasound series. Written by Dr. Anil T. Ahuja and other leading experts in the field, the second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Head and Neck offers detailed, clinically oriented coverage of ultrasound imaging of the head and neck and includes illustrated and written correlation between ultrasound findings and other modalities. This wealth of up-to-date information helps you achieve an accurate head and neck ultrasound diagnosis for every patient. Explains how ultrasound is the first line of imaging for diseases of the thyroid and miscellaneous lumps in the neck, as well as its role in evaluating neck nodes and salivary glands Includes more than 1,000 high-quality images (many are new!) including shear wave elastography and strain images, complete with comprehensive annotations Correlates ultrasound findings with other modalities, including MR, CT, PET/CT, nuclear medicine scans, sialography and ultrasound elastography for improved understanding of disease processes and how ultrasound complements other modalities for a given disease Covers cutting-edge ultrasound techniques, including elastography and microvascular sonography Details the sonographic parameters allowing differentiation between tumor types of the parotid and thyroid glands Features Key Facts boxes for rapid review Lists expert differential diagnoses on various pathological disease patterns An ideal reference for radiologists, sonologists, sonographers, surgeons, endocrinologists, oncologists, and those who are training in these fields Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

In the last decade, bioimaging and therapy based on near-infrared (NIR) nanomaterials have played an important role in biotechnology due to their intrinsic advantages when compared with the traditional imaging probe and medicine. NIR nanomaterials allow deeper penetration depth, low detection threshold concentration and better targeted performance. This book systematically summarises the recent progress in the fabrication and application of NIR nanomaterials for biomedical imaging and therapy, and discusses the advantages, challenges and opportunities available. Near-infrared Nanomaterials contains achapter highlighting the outlook of these materials, detailing novel ideas for the further application of NIR nanomaterials in bioimaging and medicine. Written by leading experts working in the field, this title will have broad appeal to those working in chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology, biology, bioengineering, biomedical science and biophysics.

A complete and practical guide, this text describes how to produce high-quality radiographic and ultrasound images. The first half of the book covers equipment, safety, and technique - all major responsibilities of the veterinary technician. The second half details radiographic positioning for small animals, large animals, and exotics. Reflecting the major role of ultrasonography in veterinary practice, the book concludes with an expanded chapter on diagnostic ultrasound. Practical, concise clinical format Written at the appropriate reading level for technicians Abundant illustrations emphasize basic radiographic and ultrasonographic principles, techniques, and equipment used in veterinary practice Concise and understandable discussion of physics and radiography Examples of common artifacts show how to avoid misinterpretation of imaging studies Excellent coverage of radiation safety Practical technique charts Excellent coverage of small- and large-animal positioning Exotics chapter featuring rodents (including ferrets), reptiles, and birds Ultrasound chapter that includes normal ultrasonographic findings, along with corresponding images Helpful hints given for obtaining quality images and avoiding common pitfalls reflect the authors' experiences at a busy teaching institution New cardiac ultrasound scanning techniques with 20 new ultrasound images New images of the latest x-ray equipment Updated pedagogical features, including outlines, key points, chapter objectives, and helpful hints for veterinary technicians

This book is a comprehensive guide to dentomaxillofacial imaging in paediatric dentistry and is an excellent resource for both general dental practitioners and paediatric dentists. Radiation protection, radiation doses and potential risks of ionising radiation are discussed, to provide dentists with appropriate information when they are asked about these important issues in their practice. Technical information about X-ray machines, ranging from the intraoral machine to the medical computed tomography machine, as well as the differences between digital image detectors, are explained to the extend a (pediatric) dentist should know. The latter is important to understand why certain exposure settings are used and what the advantages or disadvantages are of the machines and the image detectors. Non-ionising radiation techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, are also explained, as well are their applications in the field of dentomaxillofacial radiology. Knowing which imaging technique will provide the best diagnostic images possible, is key to every clinical case a dentist is faced with. A wide range of clinical examples are displayed in this book, ranging from incidental findings to malignant pathology. All are illustrated with radiographic material and explained, in order to give the reader a good sense of what to look for when assessing radiographs in the dentomaxillofacial field

External beam therapy is the most common form of radiotherapy, delivering ionizing radiation such as high-energy x-rays, gamma rays, or electron beams directly into the location of the patient's tumour. Now in its third edition, this book is an essential, practical guide to external beam radiotherapy planning and delivery, covering the rapid technological advances made in recent years. The initial chapters give a detailed insight into the fundamentals of clinical radiotherapy. This is followed by systematic details for each tumour site commonly treated with radiotherapy, covering indications, treatment, and planning. The final chapter covers the all important aspect of quality assurance in radiotherapy delivery. This third edition has been fully updated and revised to reflect new techniques, including details of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image guided radiotherapy (IGRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and proton therapy. Written by experts in each field, External Beam Therapy is an invaluable companion to professionals and trainees in medical physics, therapeutic radiology, and clinical or radiation oncology. ABOUT THE SERIES Radiotherapy remains the major non-surgical treatment modality for the management of malignant disease. It is based on the application of the principles of applied physics, radiobiology, and tumour biology to clinical practice. Each volume in the series takes the reader through the basic principles of the use of ionizing radiation and then develops this by individual sites. This series of practical handbooks is aimed at physicians both training and practising in radiotherapy, as well as medical physics, dosimetrists, radiographers, and senior nurses.

This is the second edition of a well-received book that has been recommended for inclusion in any vascular library or vascular radiology suite. The first edition has been fully revised so as to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date account of vascular ultrasound that reflects recent advances. The emphasis remains on the clinical aspects most relevant to angiologists and vascular surgeons. Ultrasound anatomy is discussed, examination procedures explained, normal and pathological findings described, and the clinical impact of ultrasound assessed. Atlas sections present pertinent case material to illustrate typical ultrasound findings for both the more common vascular diseases and rarer conditions. This book will serve not only as an invaluable guide for beginners, but also as an indispensable reference for experienced sonographers, who will benefit from the detailed evaluation of the role of ultrasound as compared with other modalities and the discussion of ultrasound findings in their clinical context. Content Level Professional/practitioner Keywords Angiography - Sonoanatomy - Vascular disease - Vascular ultrasound Related subjects Cardiology & Angiology - Radiology - Surgery

"a well-written book and is highly recommended." Reviewed by: Christina Kinnander, Herlev Hospital on behalf of Acta Radiologica, November 2015 Covers the spectrum of ultrasound use for general, vascular, obstetric, and gynecologic imaging. Fully illustrated design includes numerous side-by-side correlative images. Written at a level ideal for residents seeking an understanding of the basics, or for practitioners interested in lifelong learning and maintenance of competence. Extensive boxes and tables highlight differential diagnoses and summarize findings. "Key Features" boxes offer a review of key information at the end of each chapter. Explore extensively updated and expanded content on important topics such as practical physics and image optimization, the thyroid, salivary glands, bowel, musculoskeletal system, cervical nodal disease, ectopic pregnancy, early pregnancy failure, management of asymptomatic adnexal cysts, practice guidelines - and a new chapter on fetal chromosome abnormalities. Visualize the complete spectrum of diseases with many new and expanded figures of anatomy and pathology, additional correlative imaging, and new schematics demonstrating important concepts and findings. Further enhance your understanding with visual guidance from the accompanying electronic version, which features over 600 additional figures and more than 350 real-time ultrasound videos. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. The enhanced eBook experience allows you to view the additional images and video segments and access all of the text, figures, and suggested readings on a variety of devices.

Magnetic resonance systems are used in almost every academic and industrial chemistry, physics and biochemistry department, as well as being one of the most important imaging modalities in clinical radiology. The design of such systems has become increasingly sophisticated over the years. Static magnetic fields increase continuously, large-scale arrays of receive elements are now ubiquitous in clinical MRI, cryogenic technology has become commonplace in high resolution NMR and is expanding rapidly in preclinical MRI, specialized high strength magnetic field gradients have been designed for studying the human connectome, and the commercial advent of ultra-high field human imaging has required new types of RF coils and static shim coils together with extensive electromagnetic simulations to ensure patient safety. This book covers the hardware and engineering that constitutes a magnetic resonance system, whether that be a high-resolution liquid or solid state system for NMR spectroscopy, a preclinical system for imaging animals or a clinical system used for human imaging. Written by a team of experts in the field, this book provides a comprehensive and instructional look at all aspects of current magnetic resonance technology, as well as outlooks for future developments.

Sharpen your radiographic skills and reinforce what you've learned in Bushong's Radiologic Science for Technologists, 11th Edition. Corresponding to the chapters in the textbook, this workbook utilizes worksheets, crossword puzzles and math exercises to help you master the information in your reading. Plus, a math tutor section helps you brush up on your math skills. By using this workbook you'll gain the scientific understanding and practical experience needed to become an informed, confident radiographer. Comprehensive and in-depth coverage lets users review and apply all of the major concepts in the text. Over 100 worksheets make it easy to review specific topics, and are numbered according to textbook chapter. Penguin boxes summarize relevant information from the textbook, making it easier to review major concepts and do worksheet exercises. Math Tutor worksheets provide a great refresher or extra practice with decimal and fractional timers, fraction/decimal conversion, solving for desired mAs, and technique adjustments. NEW! Chapters on radiography/fluoroscopy patient radiation dose and computed tomography patient radiation dose provide up-to-date information on the challenges of digital imaging that will be encountered in the clinical setting. NEW! Closer correlation to the textbook simplifies review. NEW! Worksheets on radiography/fluoroscopy patient radiation dose and computed tomography patient radiation dose offer an excellent review of the new textbook chapters.

Image-guided therapy (IGT) uses imaging to improve the localization and targeting of diseased tissue and to monitor and control treatments. During the past decade, image-guided surgeries and image-guided minimally invasive interventions have emerged as advances that can be used in place of traditional invasive approaches. Advanced imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) entered into operating rooms and interventional suites to complement already-available routine imaging devices like X-ray and ultrasound. At the same time, navigational tools, computer-assisted surgery devices, and image-guided robots also became part of the revolution in interventional radiology suites and the operating room.

"Intraoperative Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy" explores the fundamental, technical, and clinical aspects of state-of the-art image-guided therapies. It presents the basic concepts of image guidance, the technologies involved in therapy delivery, and the special requirements for the design and construction of image-guided operating rooms and interventional suites. It also covers future developments such as molecular imaging-guided surgeries and novel innovative therapies like MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery.

IGT is a multidisciplinary and multimodality field in which teams of physicians, physicists, engineers, and computer scientists collaborate in performing these interventions, an approach that is reflected in the organization of the book. Contributing authors include members of the National Center of Image-Guided Therapy program at Brigham and Women s Hospital and international leaders in the field of IGT.

The book includes coverage of these topics:

- Imaging methods, guidance technologies, and the therapy delivery systems currently used or in development.

- Clinical applications for IGT in various specialties such as neurosurgery, ear-nose-and-throat surgery, cardiovascular surgery, endoscopies, and orthopedic procedures.

- Review and comparison of the clinical uses for IGT with conventional methods in terms of invasiveness, effectiveness, and outcome.

- Requirements for the design and construction of image-guided operating rooms and interventional suites."