The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.

In the later stages of gestation, fetal functions undergo increasing change and development, preparing the fetus for the transition to its postnatal environment. Rapid maturation is witnessed in breathing, swallowing, sensory functions, sleep, and many other processes, with corresponding behavioral changes. By 35 to 40 weeks of gestation, fetuses are capable of living ex utero without support, but it is increasingly appreciated that even infants born at between 35 and 36 weeks can suffer long-term consequences. This book, which complements the author's previous volume on development of normal fetal movements during the first 25 weeks of gestation, discusses in detail the full range of behavioral phenomena observed during the final 15 weeks of gestation, with careful analysis of their mutual relationships. A key feature is the outstanding photographic material, difficult to obtain at this late stage, and the instructive graphs that are also included. The information provided will alert clinicians to deviations from the norm and to physiologic phenomena that can turn pathologic in infants born prematurely.

This issue provides a solid foundation for general radiologists in the imaging of pediatric patients suspected of having cancer.? Reviewed in this issue is imaging for CNS and cardiopulmonary and thoracic tumors; tumors of the liver, spleen, and pancreas; and pelvic and bone tumors, as well as leukemia and Lymhoma.

'The Year Book of Diagnostic Radiology 2011' brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in diagnostic radiology, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice.

Topics include: Imaging of Ischemic Stroke; Hemorrhagic Stroke and Non-traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage; Acute Neuro-Interventional Therapies; Orbital and Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis; Traumatic Brain Injury; Central Nervous System Infections; Facial Trauma: What the Surgeon Wants to Know; Intracranial Hypo- and Hypertension; Seizures; Pediatric Central Nervous System Emergencies; Spine Emergencies; Infections and Inflammatory Processes of the Neck.

The clinical implications of obesity have pervaded several specialties since treatments include medical and surgical intervention. In this issue, Dr. Thompson has created an issue that addresses topics of concern to endoscopists: important concerns in the endoscopic unit, presurgical evaluation, postoperative care, sedation, and endoscopic management of common complications. Further, special articles are included on endoscopic revisions to failed gastric bypass as well as reimbursement and regulatory issues.

PET imaging has become an essential part of radiation therapy for cancer patients. Leading off the issue are articles on clinical applications and technical aspects. Following those are reviews of the use of PET in the treatment for lung cancer, gynecologic malignancies, GI and pancreatic tumors, and brain tumors, lymphoma, and head and neck malignancies. The final article addresses advances in hybrid imaging in planning of radiation therapy.

Because of its portability, speed, and ease of use, ultrasound (US) is the most commonly used imaging modality in the ER.? This issue reviews the uses of US for obstetric and gynecologic presentations.? Gastrointestinal, abdominal, and genitourinary applications of US in the ER are quite common.? The use of US as guidance for ER procedures is also covered in this issue.

This issue provides an overview of the latest advances in imaging the fetus and pregnant patient using ultrasound. Reviewed in this issue are the use of US for screening of musculoskeletal, facial, and cardiac abnormalities. Planning for complicated deliveries, imaging of twins, and detecting growth abnormalities are just some of the other topics covered by this issue.

Topics covered in this issue are: Basic principles of Diffusion Imaging; Diffusion MR Imaging: An Important Tool in the Assessment of Brain Tumors; Diffusion MR imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke; Diffusion Imaging in Demyelinating Diseases; Diffusion Imaging in Brain Infection; Diffusion Imaging in Brain Trauma; Diffusion Imaging in the Neonate Brain; Diffusion MR Imaging for Monitoring Treatment Response; Assessment of Brain Development; Future Horizons in Diffusion Imaging of the Brain.

This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics will focus on Functional Imaging. Guest Editors Alexandra Golby and Peter Black will divide the issue into three parts: Technique, Neurological Functions and Clinical Applications, and Special Neurosurgical Situations.

Systems-level neuronal mechanisms that coordinate the temporally, anatomically, and functionally distributed neuronal activity into coherent cognitive operations in the human brain have remained poorly understood. In humans, neuronal oscillations and synchronization can be recorded non-invasively with electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) that have excellent temporal resolution and an adequate spatial resolution when combined with source-reconstruction methods. In this book, leading authors in the field describe how recent methodological advances have paved the way to several major breakthroughs in the observations of large-scale synchrony from human non-invasive MEG data. This volume also presents the caveats influencing analyses of synchronization. These include the non-homogeneous sensitivity of MEG to superficial cortical sources, and, most importantly, the multitude of consequences of linear mixing. Linear mixing is an immense confounder in the sensor-level analyses of synchronization, but is also present at the source level. Approaches that can be used to avoid or compensate for these issues are then discussed. Thereafter, several authors take up a number of the functional roles that large-scale synchronization has in cognition. The authors assess how the spatio-temporal and -spectral organization and strength of both local and large-scale synchronized networks are associated with conscious sensory perception, visual working memory functions, and attention. These chapters summarize several lines of research showing how the strength of local and inter-areal oscillations in both cortical and subcortical brain structures is correlated with cognitive functions. Together these data suggest that synchronized neuronal oscillations may be a systems-level neuronal mechanism underlying the coordination of distributed processing in human cognition. In line with this argument, other authors go on to describe how oscillations and synchronization are altered in clinical populations, complementing the data presented on healthy subjects. Importantly, this book includes chapters from authors using many different approaches to the analyses of neuronal oscillations, ranging from local oscillatory activities to the usage of graph theoretical tools in the analyses of synchronization. In this way the present volume provides a comprehensive view on the analyses and functional significance of neuronal oscillations in humans. This book is aimed at doctoral and post-doctoral students as well as research scientists in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and neurosciences.

Gynecology provides many opportunities to utilize ultrasound in clinical practice.? Pelvic pain, uterine bleeding, and adnexal masses are reviewed in this issue.? Additionally the use of saline-infused sonohysterography, 3D ultrasound, and the pitfalls of transvaginal imaging are covered.? Lastly the application of ultrasound in the follow-up care for gynecologic cancer is reviewed.

Cutting edge information for all surgeons on the latest imaging techniques Topics will include basic principles, imaging for breast, thyroid/parathyroid, pancreatic/biliary, active gastrointestinal bleeding, and cervical spine; Hollow Viscous Imaging for SBO--fluoroscopy vs CT; CT Colonoscopy/Virtual Colonoscopy; Ultrasound for Central line, IVC filter placement and for diagnosis and treatment of femoral pseudoaneurysms; CTA For AAA; FAST--including Pericardial evaluation; Imaging for Blunt Carotid and Arterial Injury Screening; CT for Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis; PET Scans; and Bariatic Surgery and Postoperative Imaging, and more

Genitourinary Imaging - A Case Based Approach is a user friendly, portable guide that offers a comprehensive coverage of the subspecialty with an emphasis on all modalities. As subspecialty practice has become the norm in radiology, it becomes increasingly important to keep abreast of the latest information within the specialty that one is practising. The case based nature of this book, with modality independent content, allows the reader to assimilate practice specific information with ease. Full color images with tabular salient points, imaging algorithms and evidence based criterion support the text. Key points provide succinct explanations of the disease and an appropriate differential diagnosis, as well as providing a brief description of therapy and prognosis. Genitourinary Imaging - A Case Based Approach is aimed at residents and training and practicing genitourinary radiologists.

Musculoskeletal injuries are an unfortunate byproduct of an active population.? Therefore imaging of these injuries is essential for the treatment, rehabilitation, and return to play.? This issue reviews topics such as pediatric upper and lower extremity injuries, skiing and snow boarding injuries, overhead throwing injuries, spine injuries, and hip injuries.

Articles in this issue include: MRI of Liver Fat; Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, and Fibrosis; Benign Focal Liver Lesions; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Metastases; Perfusion Imaging: Concepts and Application; Functional MR imaging of Liver: Parametric assessment beyond morphology; MRCP and Biliary Tumors; Current MRCP Techniques for Evaluation of? Biliary Disorders; MRI of the Hepatic Vasculature; Liver Iron, MRI assessment (pitfalls & clinical importance); Sequence Optimization and Recognition of Artifacts; Imaging at Higher Field Strength: 3T versus 1.5T; Liver Tumors: Radiological-Pathological Correlation; Tentative: (Molecular) Spectroscopy.

Normal Variants and Pitfalls in Musculoskeletal MRI is explored in this important issue of MRI Clinics of North America. Articles will include: Shoulder MR Imaging Normal Variants and Imaging Artifacts; Elbow Magnetic Resonance Imaging Variants and Pitfalls; Pitfalls of Wrist MR Imaging; MR Imaging of the Hip: Normal Anatomic Variants and Imaging Pitfalls; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pitfalls and Normal Variations: The Knee; Normal Variants and Pitfalls in MR Imaging of the Ankle and Foot; Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Midfoot and Forefoot: Normal Variants and Pitfalls; MR Imaging Features of Common Variant Spinal Anatomy; Bone Marrow, and more!

This issue includes every subject relevant to neuroradiology that one may expect to encounter in a general emergency radiology practice. The most important concepts in emergent brain, spine, head & neck imaging, as well as pediatric nonaccidental trauma are reviewed, and the issue provides an excellent starting point for learning the fundamentals of emergency neuroradiology and can serve as a reference for those wishing to reinforce their current knowledge base.

Ultrasound is a modality with broad applications in the imaging of the genitourinary tract.? Reviewed are the uses of US imaging the kidneys, prostate, scrotum, and bladder.? Also included are reviews of fetal genitourinary abnormalities, urinary tract infection, and tuberculosis.? The issue is rounded out with articles on contrast agents and on US-guided interventions.

This book describes the interaction of living matter with photons, neutrons, charged particles, electrons and ions. The authors are specialists in the field of radiation protection. The book synthesizes many years of experiments with external radiation exposure in the fields of dosimetry and radiation shielding in medical, industrial and research fields. It presents the basic physical concepts including dosimetry and offers a number of tools to be used by students, engineers and technicians to assess the radiological risk and the means to avoid them by calculating the appropriate shields. The theory of radiation interaction in matter is presented together with empirical formulas and abacus. Numerous numerical applications are treated to illustrate the different topics. The state of the art in radiation protection and dosimetry is presented in detail, especially in the field of simulation codes for external exposure to radiation, medical projects and advanced research. Moreover, important data spread in different up to date references are presented in this book. The book deals also with accelerators, X-rays facilities, sealed sources, dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulation and radiation regulation. Each chapter is split in two parts depending on the level of details the readers want to focus on. The first part, accessible to a large public, provides a lot of simple examples to help understanding the physics concepts under radiation external exposure. The second part, called "Additional Information" is not mandatory; it aims on explaining topics more deeply, often using mathematical formulations. The book treats fundamental radiometric and dosimetric quantities to describe the interaction in materials under the aspects of absorbed dose processes in tissues. Definitions and applications on limited and operational radiation protection quantities are given. An important aspect are practical engineering tools in industrial, medical and research domains. Source characterization and shielding design are addressed. Also more "exotic" topics, such as ultra intense laser and new generation accelerators, are treated. The state of the art is presented to help the reader to work with the book in a self-consistent way. The basic knowledge necessary to apply Monte Carlo methods in the field of radiation protection and dosimetry for external radiation exposure is provided. Coverage of topics such as variance reduction, pseudo-random number generation and statistic estimators make the book useful even to experienced Monte Carlo practitioners. Solved problems help the reader to understand the Monte Carlo process. The book is meant to be used by researchers, engineers and medical physicist. It is also valuable to technicians and students.

This book reviews the state-of-the-art in multiscale computer modeling, in terms of both accomplishments and challenges. The information in the book is particularly useful for biomedical engineers, medical physicists and researchers in systems biology, mathematical biology, micro-biomechanics and biomaterials who are interested in how to bridge between traditional biomedical engineering work at the organ and tissue scales, and the newer arenas of cellular and molecular bioengineering.

Imaging of the breast can be one of the most challenging tasks in all of radiology.? This issue not only covers all of the modalities (plain film, multislice CT, MRI, US, and nuclear medicine and molecular imaging it also provides discussions on the controversy regarding when women should be screened, the costs involved in breast imaging, and the appropriate use of screening.