This issue gives the general radiologist a solid overview of lung cancer imaging techniques. CT screening for lung cancer is discussed, and the evaluation and management of indeterminate pulmonary nodules is reviewed. Revised TNM lung cancer staging, as well as the optimal imaging protocols for lung cancer staging (CT, MR and PET) are thoroughly examined. A multidisciplinary approach to tissue sampling and updated histopathologic classification of lung cancer are discussed. Image-guided ablative therapies for lung cancer are reviewed. Finally, future trends in lung cancer diagnosis and staging and genetics are reviewed, as well as novel biomarkers for lung cancer detection.

Dementia is a massive and increasing global problem, with the current prevalence anticipated to double every 20 years as people live longer. Neuroimaging in dementia is recommended by most clinical guidelines and its role has traditionally been to exclude a mass lesion, rather than to support a specific diagnosis. All radiologists will be aware of a steady rise in the number of requests for brain imaging in old people, but what can imaging reliably tell us and what kind of imaging should we use? In affluent societies we now have a range of structural and molecular brain imaging techniques at our disposal, with specific ligands and sophisticated image analysis techniques now available for clinical use. However, we have difficulty justifying which patients to scan, using which modality and when. We know that Alzheimer's disease is the most common neuropathology contributing to a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease but we also know from large post-mortem studies that most brain pathology in those who have died with a diagnosis of dementia is mixed. Thus understanding different diseases that can cause dementia, how these co-exist or interact and appreciating that not all dementia is Alzheimer's disease is important.? Equally important is awareness of individual differences in response to a neuropathological burden and what factors provide resilience against dementia that might be maximized to reduce or postpone its impact. This issue draws together contributions from experts in their fields to provide clarity to the topic in a comprehensive collection of articles.

The imaging of small cellular components requires powerful instruments, and an entire family of equipment and techniques based on the confocal principle has been developed over the past 30 years. Such methods are commonly used by neuroscience researchers, but the majority of these users do not have a microscopy or a cell biology backgrounds and do can encounter difficulties in obtaining and interpreting results. This volume brings experts in high-resolution optical microscopy applications in neuroscience and cell biology together to document the state of the art. Outlining what is currently possible, the volume also discusses promising developments for the future and aids readers in selecting the most scientifically meaningful approach to solve their questions. Each chapter discusses instrumentation and technology in relationship to application in research. All of the common and cutting edge trends are covered - fluorescence / laser electron / nonlinear microscopy, infrared fluorescence, multiphoton imaging, tomography, FRAP, live imaging, STED, PALM/STORM, etc.
* Single and multiphoton confocal microscopy, and 4-pi confocal microscopy
* Obtaining nanoresolution via photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM)
* Several procedures that correlate observations in optical fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy
* Study of morphology and function via high-resolution fluorescence procedures
* Additional high-resolution microscopic techniques

An especially important issue during these uncertain times, this collection of articles examines Neuroimaging from an economic perspective, with articles that discuss leadership, "turf battles?, strategic planning in the face of declining reimbursement, and the impact of teleradiology and telemedicine in cutting costs and improving access.? Medicolegal issues are addressed, as is evidence-based medicine and effective utilization.? Performance measures and conflict of interest are reviewed, among many other topics.

1. Neuroanatomy of dopaminergic system in the human brain.- 2. Radioligands for PET studies of D2-receptors: butyrophenone and ergot derivatives.- 3. Radioligands for dopamine receptor PET studies: benzamides and ligands for dopamine D-1 receptors.- 4. Monoamine precursors in PET research - biochemical issues and functional significance.- 5. Quantitation problems in positron emission tomography (PET) as applied to the kinetic analysis of the striatum dopamine data.- 6. Investigation of the dopamine system with positron emission tomography: general issues in modeling.- 7. Modelisation: application to the D2 receptors.- 8. [18F] Fluorodopa uptake in brain.- 9. Dopamine reuptake sites: the issues.- 10. Movement disorders: the clinical issues.- 11. Non-human primate models of dopamine system disorders: understanding neurodegenerative diseases and testing new therapeutic strategies.- 12. The dopamine system and mental disorders: clinical and psychopharmacological overview.- 13. D2 dopamine receptors and schizophrenia.- 14. The assessment of central D2-dopanvne receptor occupancy with positron emission tomography in long-term medicated schizophrenic patients.- 15. Measurement of dopamine receptor occupancy: clinical issues.

Data compiled by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicates an alarming and continuing increase in the prevalence of autism. Despite intensive research during the last few decades, autism remains a behavioral defined syndrome wherein diagnostic criteria lack in construct validity. And, contrary to other conditions like diabetes and hypertension, there are no biomarkers for autism. However, new imaging methods are changing the way we think about autism, bringing us closer to a falsifiable definition for the condition, identifying affected individuals earlier in life, and recognizing different subtypes of autism. The imaging modalities discussed in this book emphasize the power of new technology to uncover important clues about the condition with the hope of developing effective interventions. Imaging the Brain in Autism was created to examine autism from a unique perspective that would emphasize results from different imaging technologies. These techniques show brain abnormalities in a significant percentage of patients, abnormalities that translate into aberrant functioning and significant clinical symptomatology. It is our hope that this newfound understanding will make the field work collaborative and provide a path that minimizes technical impediments.

The book has focussed on the different aspects of sensing technology, i.e. high reliability, adaptability, recalibration, information processing, data fusion, validation and integration of novel and high performance sensors specifically aims to use to inspect mechanical health of structure and similar applications. This book is dedicated to Sensing systems for Structural Health Monitoring offers to variety of users, namely, Master and PhD degree students, researchers, practitioners, especially Civil and Construction engineers. The book will provide an opportunity of a dedicated and a deep approach in order to improve their knowledge in this specific field.

The use of F-18 NaF PET/CT versus conventional bone scanning in the assessment of benign and malignant disorders has many advantages, which are discussed at length in this issue. Imaging of a variety of benign and malignant bone diseases is discussed, including the assessment of disease and the monitoring of patient response to therapy. Imaging in pediatric patients is also discussed.

The Year Book of Diagnostic Radiology brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in diagnostic radiology, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed This annual covers all aspects of thoracic imaging, breast imaging, the musculoskeletal system, pediatric radiology, vascular and interventional radiology, and neuroradiology.

As Executive Director of the H.H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, University of California, Irvine, Dr. Chang brings the wealth of hix experience and knowledge to the topic of interventional endoscopic ultrasound. His issue is divided into two sections, the first dealing with the best practices of interventional EUS.? Articles in this section address FNA of solid pancreatic tumors, pancreatic cysts, diagnosis of SMT's, lung cancer staging, pancreatic drainage, and celiac neurolysis. The second section addresses emerging technologies for intervention EUS. These articles discuss pancreatic cyst ablation, vascular access and therapy, anti-tumor agents, fiducial markers and brachytherapy, image enhancement, tumor ablation, and anastomosis.

The practice of Emergency Radiology has undergone rapid change in the last decade: as imaging procedures are increasingly performed within short periods of time after the arrival of patients to the emergency room, the expectation for near real-time interpretations (often by subspecialists) has gained popularity. Larger emergency centers provide 24 hour on-site coverage by well trained radiologists, while others rely on the services of equally well trained radiologists located off-site, taking advantage of modern universal interconnectivity. Either way, radiologists' input is increasingly affecting the immediate outcome of patients presenting with acute symptoms.? Radiologists have embraced the challenge to protect patient safety by seeking evidence-based data to support the proper utilization of CT (including the use of alternative imaging modalities) and radiologists and CT manufacturers together have worked intensely to find optimal methods to deliver the inevitable radiation.

Imaging of the spine is given a thorough update in this issue, beginning with an article on spine segmentation, enumeration and normal variants.? Imaging of degenerative disease of the spine is then reviewed, giving consideration to appropriate utilization of imaging, specificity and sensitivity shortcomings in evaluation of degenerative disease, risks and benefits of imaging of degenerative disease, and the prevalence of radicular? and? xial pain and underlying? pain generators.? Next, the validity and socioeconomic? impact of spine imaging in evaluating "degenerative? pain syndromes is reviewed.? Pathophysiology and biomechanics of disc and posterior element of degenerative disease is reviewed, along with imaging of radiculopathy / radiculitis, ? imaging of central canal stenosis, and imaging of discogenic pain (using MRI and discography). Imaging of joint related axial pain, spine neoplasm, spine infection, and non-acute trauma is also covered

This issue reviews and updates a variety of topics in pancreatic imaging.? Pearls on the Multiphasic CT of the pancreas are offered, along with the key MRI techniques for pancreatic imaging. Emerging CT, MR and US techniques for pancreatic evaluation (such as dual energy, DCMRI, spectroscopy, and US contrast) are elucidated.? Ultrasound for pancreatic imaging is given a thorough review.? An update on staging and resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is discussed.? Acute and chronic pancreatitis are reviewed, as well as cystic pancreatic lesions, congenital pancreatic anomalies, uncommon solid pancreatic neoplasms, and other pancreatic pathology. Post-operative imaging of the pancreas is discussed, and finally, an update on endoscopic techniques for the pancreas is provided.

The role of ultrasound in interventional procedures continues to expand in tandem with refinements of sonographic technology. This issue of Ultrasound Clinics includes the following articles: Ultrasound-Guided Breast Interventions, Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Obstetrics; Ultrasound-Guided Transvaginal Procedures; Ultrasound-Guided Visceral Biopsies: Renal and Hepatic; Ultrasound-Guided Abscess Drainages; Ultrasound-Guided Intraoperative and Percutaneous Tumor Ablation; Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access; Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Interventions: Percutaneous Biliary Drains and Cholecystostomies; Percutaneous Nephrostomy; Ultrasound-Guided Management of Vascular Access Pseudoaneurysms.

This text evolved as a response to numerous requests to present a simplified approach to the diagnosis and management of most of the common aspects of both cosmetic and medical venous disorders. The authors, representing experienced plebologists from several different primary disciplines, have attempted to present simplistic paradigm-oriented approaches on how to thoughtfully evaluate and manage common vein issues with contemporary solutions. Several areas of phlebology were not addressed in this text. The management of vascular malformations are beyond the scope of this text and were not covered in detail. Although indications for the appropriate use of IVC filters are discussed, the details about the specific devices, their placement and removal are also beyond the scope of this text. Deep venous obstruction from prior thrombosis, venous compression by arteries such as the compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery and pelvic venous insufficiency can now be managed with minimally invasive image guided treatments; the technical aspects of such treatments are complex and not discussed in detail in this handbook. This book will increase the therapeutic skill of the practicing phlebologist and thus increase the quality of care for patients faced with problems related to venous disorders.

Vast experience has been gained over the past decade in safely transporting, monitoring, and imaging neonates, a highly vulnerable patient group. Technological advances in MRI hardware such as higher field strength systems, multi-channel coils, higher gradient performance, and MR compatible incubators with integrated antennae laid the ground for more detailed, higher resolution anatomical MR imaging.? This issue provides separate reviews on the use of MR imaging in the evaluation of encephalopathy, postmortems, spinal dysraphia, and inflicted brain injury as well as neonatal neuro MR imaging and MR-guided cardiovascular interventions.

The application of ultrasound technology to obstetric and gynacologic issues figures as one of the staples of this imaging modality. This issue of Ultrasound Clinics features the following articles: Demystifying Ovarian Cysts; Fetal Measurements and Anatomy; Fetal Echocardiography; Management of Threatened Miscarriage; Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases; Sonographic Depiction of Ovarian And Uterine Vasculature; Postmenopausal Endometrial Bleeding; and Pediatric Gynecologic Ultrasound. Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain, and Early Anatomy Ultrasound.

This book presents a critical assessment of progress on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of proteins, including brief reviews of the history of the field along with coverage of current clinical and in vivo applications. The book, in honour of Oleg Jardetsky, one of the pioneers of the field, is edited by two of the most highly respected investigators using NMR, and features contributions by most of the leading workers in the field. It will be valued as a landmark publication that presents the state-of-the-art perspectives regarding one of today's most important technologies.

Color perception plays an important role in object recognition and scene understanding both for humans and intelligent vision systems. Recent advances in digital color imaging and computer hardware technology have led to an explosion in the use of color images in a variety of applications including medical imaging, content-based image retrieval, biometrics, watermarking, digital inpainting, remote sensing, visual quality inspection, among many others. As a result, automated processing and analysis of color images has become an active area of research, to which the large number of publications of the past two decades bears witness. The multivariate nature of color image data presents new challenges for researchers and practitioners as the numerous methods developed for single channel images are often not directly applicable to multichannel ones. The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the early stages of the color image processing pipeline."

Information for neuroimaging specialists includes a "Diagnostic Checklist? or "Clinical Recommendations? along with tables presenting recommended MR sequences and protocols. The primary focus of the issue is 3.0T; one article specifically deals with 7T and higher fields are mentioned sporadically throughout.? Topics include: Tumor High-Field MR; Stroke High-Field MR; High-Field MR of Inflammation; Vascular Disorders: MR Angiography of Brain Vessels, MR Angiography of Neck Vessels, and Perfusion Imaging; Plaque Imaging; Neurodegenerative Disease; Epilepsy Imaging; Head and Neck Oncology Applications; Pediatric High-Field Imaging; Spine High-Field Imaging; Ultra High-Field Imaging; Future Perspectives on High-Field MR

Accurate interpretation of indications for treatment is the cornerstone of success in medicine. This book carefully examines the relation between clinical features, diagnosis, and choice of minimally invasive technique for a range of spine pathologies. It explains how selection of technique is intimately related to clinical and diagnostic aspects and how recognition of this relation forms the foundation for an optimal outcome. In addition to examining the various minimally invasive options, including the latest techniques, careful attention is paid to the role of medical treatment in avoiding recurrence after initial therapy. Nerve blocks, epidural injections, and intradiscal procedures are among the many options available in the armamentarium of the interventionalist, and advice is given on their use in different contexts. This volume will be of great value for neuroradiologists and others responsible for treating patients with spine disorders.

This issue covers a wide range of topics related to genitourinary imaging, across a variety of imaging modalities.? An update is given on dual-energy CT in urologic imaging.? Imaging of the retroperitoneum is also discussed. Imaging of infectious and inflammatory diseases of kidneys is reviewed, as is imaging of the features of common and uncommon neoplasms of the bladder.? Multimodality imaging of the ureter, unusual renal masses, and adrenal imaging are all addressed in detail.? Finally, advances in pediatric urologic imaging are reviewed.

As with most joints in the body, MR imaging is highly effective at imaging the shoulder.? This issue reviews the use of MR imaging to rotator cuff disease and external impingement, Internal impingement syndromes, SLAP injuries and microinstability, and glenohumeral instability.? Also included in this issue are separate articles on technical update on MRI of the shoulder, novel anatomic concepts in MR imaging of the rotator cuff, and anatomic variants and pitfalls of the labrum, glenoid cartilage, and glenohumeral ligaments.? The issue also provides reviews of MR Imaging of the postoperative shoulder, MR imaging of the pediatric shoulder, and the throwing shoulder from the orthopedist's perspective.

PET/CT holds great promise for the management of many types of infection and inflammation.? This issue discusses many of these uses, starting with arthroplasty-associated infection.? FDG PET/CT also has utility in inflammatory bowel disease.? This issue also discusses the utilization of FDG PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of diabetic foot, and in monitoring therapeutic effect in patients without malignancy. PET/CT is reviewed regarding its use in patients with sarcoidosis or IgG4 disease.? Also covered is the application of FDG PET/CT in detecting the source of fever of unknown origin. Artherosclerosis and vasculitis can be assessed by PET/CT and FDG PET/CT can also be used in the management of severe infection in patients with malignancies.? Finally, the issue discusses the use of PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of osteomyelitis.

This issue of Ultrasound Clinics? explores the role that ultrasound plays in diagnosing and treating common disorders of the head and neck. Future applications of ultrasound technology are also discussed. Articles in this issue include "Head and Neck Ultrasound: Why Now?; Ultrasound physics in a nutshell; Head and Neck Anatomy and Ultrasound Correlation; Interpretation of Ultrasound; The Expanding Ultility of Office-Based Ultrasound for the Head and Neck Surgeon;The Role of Ultrasound in Thyroid Disorders; Techniques for Parathyroid Localization and Ultrasound;Ultrasound-Guided Procedures for the Office; Head and Neck Ultrasound in the Pediatric Population; and Emerging Technology in Head and Neck Ultrasonography.