PET/CT holds great promise for the management of many types of infection and inflammation.? This issue discusses many of these uses, starting with arthroplasty-associated infection.? FDG PET/CT also has utility in inflammatory bowel disease.? This issue also discusses the utilization of FDG PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of diabetic foot, and in monitoring therapeutic effect in patients without malignancy. PET/CT is reviewed regarding its use in patients with sarcoidosis or IgG4 disease.? Also covered is the application of FDG PET/CT in detecting the source of fever of unknown origin. Artherosclerosis and vasculitis can be assessed by PET/CT and FDG PET/CT can also be used in the management of severe infection in patients with malignancies.? Finally, the issue discusses the use of PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of osteomyelitis.

Data compiled by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicates an alarming and continuing increase in the prevalence of autism. Despite intensive research during the last few decades, autism remains a behavioral defined syndrome wherein diagnostic criteria lack in construct validity. And, contrary to other conditions like diabetes and hypertension, there are no biomarkers for autism. However, new imaging methods are changing the way we think about autism, bringing us closer to a falsifiable definition for the condition, identifying affected individuals earlier in life, and recognizing different subtypes of autism. The imaging modalities discussed in this book emphasize the power of new technology to uncover important clues about the condition with the hope of developing effective interventions. Imaging the Brain in Autism was created to examine autism from a unique perspective that would emphasize results from different imaging technologies. These techniques show brain abnormalities in a significant percentage of patients, abnormalities that translate into aberrant functioning and significant clinical symptomatology. It is our hope that this newfound understanding will make the field work collaborative and provide a path that minimizes technical impediments.

Electromyography remains a main diagnostic tool within neurology. This issue of Neurologic Clinics addresses the most recent developments in the clinical application of EMG. Articles in this issue include: Nerve conduction studies: Basic Concepts and Patterns of Abnormalities; Needle Electromyography-Basic Concepts andInterpretation of Recorded Potentials;Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Carpal TunnelSyndrome;Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Ulnar Neuropathyand Other Upper Extremity Mononeuropathy; Lower Extremity Mononeuropathies;Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Brachial Plexopathies; Evaluation ofRadiculopathies;Electrodiagnostic Approach to Motor NeuronDiseases;Electrophysiologic Findings in PeripheralNeuropathies; Evaluation of Neuromuscular Junction Disorders in the EMGLaboratory;Electrodiagnostic Findings inMyopathy;Electrodiagnostic Approach to CranialNeuropathies; Technical Issues with Nerve Conduction Studies and Needle EMG;andCoding and Reimbursement of ElectrodiagnosticStudies.

Cutting edge information for all oral and maxillofacial surgeons on computed tomography and guided surgery! Topics include comparison of CT and cone beam technologies, stereolithographic modeling and surgical guide concepts, virtual technologies in dentoalveolar evaluation and surgery, computer guided planning and placement of dental implants, utilization in the treatment of facial trauma, digital technologies in pathology and reconstruction, 3D technologies in craniofacial and orthognathic surgery, evaluation and fabrication of custom cosmetic facial implants, and extraoral craniofacial applications.

Because of the number and variety of illnesses that can affect the pediatric respiratory system, being able to interpret thoracic images of children is important for the general radiologist.? This issue of Radiologic Clinics starts off with an overview of lung and pleural infections.? Reviews of small and large airway diseases are followed by separate articles on the uses of ultrasound, MR, and nuclear medicine to image pediatric patients.? Also included are articles on lung and vascular anomalies, thoracic trauma, and cardiac disease.? The issue is completed with articles on fetal lung imaging and radiation safety.

This issue covers a wide range of topics related to genitourinary imaging, across a variety of imaging modalities.? An update is given on dual-energy CT in urologic imaging.? Imaging of the retroperitoneum is also discussed. Imaging of infectious and inflammatory diseases of kidneys is reviewed, as is imaging of the features of common and uncommon neoplasms of the bladder.? Multimodality imaging of the ureter, unusual renal masses, and adrenal imaging are all addressed in detail.? Finally, advances in pediatric urologic imaging are reviewed.

Since scientists began experimenting with green fluorescent proteins in the middle of the 1990s, these proteins have become one of the most important tools available to researchers in modern medicine and biology. By using them to illuminate other proteins that were previously invisible even under microscope, scientists are now able to observe facets of disease that would have otherwise gone undetected. Green fluorescent proteins are a part of over three million experiments a year, and are invaluable for tasks such as tracking HIV, breeding bird flu-resistant chickens, and confirming the existence of cancerous stem cells. In Illuminating Disease, Marc Zimmer introduces us to these revolutionary proteins, acquainting readers both with the researchers responsible for the proteins' discovery as well as their wide utility. The book details the history of genetically modified fluorescent parasites and viruses, which provide scientists with new information about the spread of diseases. Green fluorescent proteins have played crucial roles in the research of malaria, AIDS/HIV, swine and bird flu, dengue, cancer, and chagas. They allow scientists and doctors to understand these diseases better, by quite literally illuminating various microscopic pieces that otherwise would have gone unseen. The book is richly illustrated, showing the many visually striking uses of GFP. Many of these scans have won awards in biological imaging competitions. Illuminating Disease is an accessible and illustrated introduction to one of the most important developments in medical research of the last several decades.

This issue of Ultrasound Clinics? explores the role that ultrasound plays in diagnosing and treating common disorders of the head and neck. Future applications of ultrasound technology are also discussed. Articles in this issue include "Head and Neck Ultrasound: Why Now?; Ultrasound physics in a nutshell; Head and Neck Anatomy and Ultrasound Correlation; Interpretation of Ultrasound; The Expanding Ultility of Office-Based Ultrasound for the Head and Neck Surgeon;The Role of Ultrasound in Thyroid Disorders; Techniques for Parathyroid Localization and Ultrasound;Ultrasound-Guided Procedures for the Office; Head and Neck Ultrasound in the Pediatric Population; and Emerging Technology in Head and Neck Ultrasonography.

This issue provides a complete update on PET imaging of lymphoma, starting with a clinical assessment of lymphoma and the role of medical imaging. The role of structural imaging in lymphoma is then discussed.? From a Nuclear Medicine perspective, FDG-PET in lymphoma is reviewed, as is the role of FDG-PET in pediatric lymphoma.? Next, the role of non-FDG tracers in lymphoma is reviewed.? Other articles cover the role of fMRI and optical imaging in lymphoma, the role of diffusion-weighted MRI in lymphoma, FDG-PET in personalization of therapy in patients with lymphoma, and PET and radiation oncology in lymphoma.

Ultrasound is used frequently as the modality of choice for vascular imaging.? It's unique ability to demonstrate blood flow make it particularly effective.? Reviewed in this issue are the US applications in the imaging of the heart, kidneys, and liver.? Also covered are imaging of US for imaging of the carotid artery and in deep vein thrombosis.? Lastly an article highlighting ways to optimize Doppler US is included.

Dr. Leonard Swischuk has revised his outstanding work on imaging the cervical spine in children. He draws upon his extensive experience to provide practitioners with an insightful approach to pediatric cervical spine injuries. The text covers developmental anatomy, normal variants, congenital anomalies, abnormalities of the dens, trauma, and miscellaneous abnormalities of the cervical spine. The book has several strengths that appeal to radiology residents, such as its succinct overview of the topic and helpful reference lists that guide readers to additional resources. Dr. Swischuk illustrates conditions he discusses with excellent plain film examples that help residents identify cases they are likely to encounter during board exams and in practice. Accompanying CT and MR images clarify and qualify the findings. Dr. Swischuk's direct writing style makes the complex content highly accessible, providing imaging residents with an invaluable introduction to pediatric cervical spine radiology.

This issue provides an overview of anatomy for the practicing radiologist using MR.? Neuroanatomy is covered in separate articles on the brain, neck, spine, and skull base.? Body imaging is reviewed in articles on chest, abdomen, breast, and pelvis, and finally, the musculoskeletal system is thoroughly displayed by articles on shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand, knee, and ankle and foot.? Long bones of the upper and lower extremities are reviewed in separate articles as well.

This issue provides a solid foundation for general radiologists in the imaging of pediatric patients suspected of having cancer.? Reviewed in this issue is imaging for CNS and cardiopulmonary and thoracic tumors; tumors of the liver, spleen, and pancreas; and pelvic and bone tumors, as well as leukemia and Lymhoma.

Breast sonography is commonly used to evaluate mammographic and palpable abnormalities, and this issue covers all of the current applications currently in use. Sonography also plays a role in screening for breast cancer and in evaluating the extent of disease in the breast and the regional lymph nodes. This issue also reviews the use of ultrasound to perform biopsies, guide catheters, and deliver radiation therapy.

A global pool of surgeons and researchers using 3-dimensional imaging for facial plastic surgery present topics on: Image fusion in pre-operative planning; The use of 3D imaging tools including stereolithographic modeling and intraoperative navigation for maxillo-mandibular and complex orbital reconstruction; Custom-made, three-dimensional, intraoperative surgical guides for nasal reconstruction; The benefits and limits of using an integrated 3D virtual approach for maxillofacial surgery; 3D volume assessment techniques and computer-aided design and manufacturing for pre-operative fabrication of implants in head and neck reconstruction; A comparison of different new 3D imaging technologies in facial plastic surgery; 3-D photography in the objective analysis of volume augmentation including fat augmentation and dermal fillers; Assessment of different rhinoplasty techniques by overlay of before and after 3D images; 3D volumetric analysis of combined facial lifting and volumizing (volume enhancement); 3-D facial measurements and perceptions of attractiveness; Teaching 3-D sculpting to Facial Plastic Surgeons, 3-D insights on aesthetics; Creation of the virtual patient for the study of facial morphology; 3-dimensional video analysis of facial movement; 3D modeling of the behavior of facial soft tissues for understanding facial plastic surgery interventions

Diseases once believed to be confined to the tropics, such as parasitic, mycobacterial, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are still a major cause of mortality and moribidity in the tropics, yet can affect the developed world in an era of increased global travel and migration. Neuroimaging technique developments over the last several decades have helped clinicians better understand and diagnose these conditions. Experts from tropical countries share their experiences regarding tropical disorders, some of which are rare in the western world, but possible to appear in patients and not readily recognized by specialists not familiar with these diseases.

Topics in this issue include: Relevance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of tropical neurologic disorders; Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Tuberculosis; Parasitic diseases of nervous system; Neuroimaging in Post-infectious Demyelination and Nutritional Disorders of the Central Nervous System; CNS Fungal Infections in the Tropics; Neuroimaging Epilepsy in the Tropics; Neuroimaging in Cranio-Vertebral Anomalies as seen in Tropics; Vascular Brain Pathologies; Neurobrucellosis; Hirayama Disease; Transverse Myelitis; and Pyomyositis.

PET imaging has become an essential part of radiation therapy for cancer patients. Leading off the issue are articles on clinical applications and technical aspects. Following those are reviews of the use of PET in the treatment for lung cancer, gynecologic malignancies, GI and pancreatic tumors, and brain tumors, lymphoma, and head and neck malignancies. The final article addresses advances in hybrid imaging in planning of radiation therapy.

Because of its portability, speed, and ease of use, ultrasound (US) is the most commonly used imaging modality in the ER.? This issue reviews the uses of US for obstetric and gynecologic presentations.? Gastrointestinal, abdominal, and genitourinary applications of US in the ER are quite common.? The use of US as guidance for ER procedures is also covered in this issue.

This issue provides an overview of the latest advances in imaging the fetus and pregnant patient using ultrasound. Reviewed in this issue are the use of US for screening of musculoskeletal, facial, and cardiac abnormalities. Planning for complicated deliveries, imaging of twins, and detecting growth abnormalities are just some of the other topics covered by this issue.

Topics covered in this issue are: Basic principles of Diffusion Imaging; Diffusion MR Imaging: An Important Tool in the Assessment of Brain Tumors; Diffusion MR imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke; Diffusion Imaging in Demyelinating Diseases; Diffusion Imaging in Brain Infection; Diffusion Imaging in Brain Trauma; Diffusion Imaging in the Neonate Brain; Diffusion MR Imaging for Monitoring Treatment Response; Assessment of Brain Development; Future Horizons in Diffusion Imaging of the Brain.

The clinical implications of obesity have pervaded several specialties since treatments include medical and surgical intervention. In this issue, Dr. Thompson has created an issue that addresses topics of concern to endoscopists: important concerns in the endoscopic unit, presurgical evaluation, postoperative care, sedation, and endoscopic management of common complications. Further, special articles are included on endoscopic revisions to failed gastric bypass as well as reimbursement and regulatory issues.

In the later stages of gestation, fetal functions undergo increasing change and development, preparing the fetus for the transition to its postnatal environment. Rapid maturation is witnessed in breathing, swallowing, sensory functions, sleep, and many other processes, with corresponding behavioral changes. By 35 to 40 weeks of gestation, fetuses are capable of living ex utero without support, but it is increasingly appreciated that even infants born at between 35 and 36 weeks can suffer long-term consequences. This book, which complements the author's previous volume on development of normal fetal movements during the first 25 weeks of gestation, discusses in detail the full range of behavioral phenomena observed during the final 15 weeks of gestation, with careful analysis of their mutual relationships. A key feature is the outstanding photographic material, difficult to obtain at this late stage, and the instructive graphs that are also included. The information provided will alert clinicians to deviations from the norm and to physiologic phenomena that can turn pathologic in infants born prematurely.

Topics include: Imaging of Ischemic Stroke; Hemorrhagic Stroke and Non-traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage; Acute Neuro-Interventional Therapies; Orbital and Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis; Traumatic Brain Injury; Central Nervous System Infections; Facial Trauma: What the Surgeon Wants to Know; Intracranial Hypo- and Hypertension; Seizures; Pediatric Central Nervous System Emergencies; Spine Emergencies; Infections and Inflammatory Processes of the Neck.

Diagnostic Imaging for the Emergency Physician, written and edited by a practicing emergency physician for emergency physicians, takes a step-by-step approach to the selection and interpretation of commonly ordered diagnostic imaging tests. Dr. Joshua Broder presents validated clinical decision rules, describes time-efficient approaches for the emergency physician to identify critical radiographic findings that impact clinical management and discusses hot topics such as radiation risks, oral and IV contrast in abdominal CT, MRI versus CT for occult hip injury, and more. Diagnostic Imaging for the Emergency Physician was awarded a 2011 PROSE Award for Excellence for the best new publication in Clinical Medicine. Access the fully searchable text online at Expert Consult, along with downloadable images suitable for use in educational presentations. Choose the best test for each indication through clear explanations of the "how" and "why" behind emergency imaging. Interpret head, spine, chest, and abdominal CT images using a detailed and efficient approach to time-sensitive emergency findings. Stay on top of current developments in the field, including evidence-based analysis of tough controversies - such as indications for oral and IV contrast in abdominal CT and MRI versus CT for occult hip injury; high-risk pathology that can be missed by routine diagnostic imaging - including subarachnoid hemorrhage, bowel injury, mesenteric ischemia, and scaphoid fractures; radiation risks of diagnostic imaging - with practical summaries balancing the need for emergency diagnosis against long-terms risks; and more. Optimize diagnosis through evidence-based guidelines that assist you in discussions with radiologists, coverage of the limits of "negative" or "normal" imaging studies for safe discharge, indications for contrast, and validated clinical decision rules that allow reduced use of diagnostic imaging. Clearly recognize findings and anatomy on radiographs for all major diagnostic modalities used in emergency medicine from more than 1000 images. Find information quickly and easily with streamlined content specific to emergency medicine written and edited by an emergency physician and organized by body system. The "must-have" resource for emergency physicians to make critical diagnostic imaging decisions.

The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.