Orbit and Neuro-ophthalmic Imaging is explored in this important Neuroimaging Clinics issue. Articles include: Imaging indication, protocols, anatomy, and pitfalls; Orbital ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography- what radiologists need to know; Advanced imaging techniques for the retina and visual pathway; Imaging of optic neuropathy and chiasmatic disorder; Imaging of post-chiasmatic disorder and higher cortical visual dysfunction; Imaging of diseases of the ocular motor pathway; Imaging of orbital trauma and emergent non-traumatic conditions; Imaging of ocular prosthesis and orbital reconstruction flaps; Imaging of pediatric ophthalmologic conditions; and more!

This textbook summarizes the basic knowledge of atomic, nuclear, and radiation physics that professionals working in medical physics and biomedical engineering need for efficient and safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine. Concentrating on the underlying principles of radiation physics, the textbook covers the prerequisite knowledge for medical physics courses on the graduate and post-graduate levels in radiotherapy physics, radiation dosimetry, imaging physics, and health physics, thus providing the link between elementary undergraduate physics and the intricacies of four medical physics specialties: diagnostic radiology physics, nuclear medicine physics, radiation oncology physics, and health physics. To recognize the importance of radiation dosimetry to medical physics three new chapters have been added to the 14 chapters of the previous edition. Chapter 15 provides a general introduction to radiation dosimetry. Chapter 16 deals with absolute radiation dosimetry systems that establish absorbed dose or some other dose related quantity directly from the signal measured by the dosimeter. Three absolute dosimetry techniques are known and described in detail: (i) calorimetric; (ii) chemical (Fricke), and (iii) ionometric. Chapter 17 deals with relative radiation dosimetry systems that rely on a previous dosimeter calibration in a known radiation field. Many relative radiation dosimetry systems have been developed to date and four most important categories used routinely in medicine and radiation protection are described in this chapter: (i) Ionometric dosimetry; (ii) Luminescence dosimetry; (iii) Semiconductor dosimetry; and (iv) Film dosimetry. The book is intended as a textbook for a radiation physics course in academic medical physics graduate programs as well as a reference book for candidates preparing for certification examinations in medical physics sub-specialties. It may also be of interest to many professionals, not only physicists, who in their daily occupations deal with various aspects of medical physics or radiation physics and have a need or desire to improve their understanding of radiation physics.

This issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics examines Frontiers in Non-invasive Cardiac Mapping. Topics include imaging of heart rhythm disorders, experimental validation and modeling of validation, challenges and future directions of inverse problems, phase mapping of cardiac fibrillation, frequency domain analysis, analysis of diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiography and 3D non-invasive mapping, and many more.

This two-part issue, edited by Dr. Rathan Subramaniam, reviews current clinical information in "PET/CT and Patient Outcomes." In Part II of this issue, articles will include: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer; Endometrial, Cervical & Ovarian Cancer; Renal, Bladder and Testicular Cancer; Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Tumors; Myocardial Perfusion / Viability; Unknown Primary Cancer; Gastric Cancer; Brain Tumors; Neuroendocrine Tumors, and more!

This volume explores the revolutionary fMRI field from basic principles to state-of-the-art research. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including the history of fMRI's development using endogenous MR blood contrast, neurovascular coupling, pulse sequences for fMRI, quantitative fMRI; fMRI of the visual system, auditory cortex, and sensorimotor system; genetic imaging using fMRI, multimodal neuroimaging, brain bioenergetics and function and molecular-level fMRI. Comprehensive and intuitively structured, this book engages the reader with a first-person account of the development and history of the fMRI field by the authors. The subsequent sections examine the physiological basis of fMRI, the basic principles of fMRI and its applications and the latest advances of the technology, ending with a discussion of fMRI's future. fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Function, co-edited by leading and renowned fMRI researchers Kamil Ugurbil, Kamil Uludag and Lawrence Berliner, is an ideal resource for clinicians and researchers in the fields of neuroscience, psychology and MRI physics.

This book discusses a novel and high-rate-capable micro pattern gaseous detector of the Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAS detector) type. It provides a detailed characterization of the performance of Micromegas detectors on the basis of measurements and simulations, along with an in-depth examination of analysis and reconstruction methods. The accurate and efficient detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-rate background environments is demonstrated. The excellent performance determined here for these lightweight detectors will make possible the live medical imaging of a patient during ion-beam treatment.

Chest MRI is explored in this important issue in MRI Clinics of North America. Articles include: MRI of Mediastinal Masses; State of the art: MR Imaging of the Thymus; Novel MR Applications for Pleural Evaluation; MRI Imaging of Chest Wall Tumors; MR Imaging of the Lungs with Hyperpolarized Gases: Technique and Applications; Lung Cancer Assessment with MR Imaging: An Update; PET/MRI in Chest Diseases; Imaging Pulmonary Arterial Thromboembolism: Challenges and Opportunities; MR Imaging of the Thoracic Aorta; MR Imaging of Thoracic Veins; State of the Art MR Imaging in Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; Pediatric Chest MR Applications, and more!

This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine focuses on Chest Imaging. Drs. Lynch and Chung have assembled an expert panel of authors on the topics of:Approach to chest CT, CT screening for lung cancer,The solitary pulmonary nodule, Staging of lung cancer, Imaging of infections, ICU imaging, Pulmonary vascular diseases, Occupational and environmental lung disease, Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, Connective tissue disease-related thoracic disease and more!

This book provides the reader with a multidisciplinary approach that is state of the art and reflects input from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society and the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. In particular, the text focuses on the pathophysiology of neuroendocrine tumors and includes a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in understanding the complex hormone and receptor signaling that is important for the future development of potent pharmacological treatments. The volume reviews the pathological grading and staging systems providing useful clinical information for the treating clinician as well as a useful reference for pathologists. The clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors is reviewed enabling the treating physician to understand the diagnostic approaches to differentiating the various types of neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, the treatments are reviewed in great detail and include novel radiological, surgical, and chemotherapeutic approaches. The reader will utilize this book as both a comprehensive and quick reference guide through the use of diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Written by international experts in their particular field of study, Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors will be of great value to medical oncologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, pathologists, surgeons, and diagnostic and interventional radiologists.

Although the capabilities of computer image analysis do not yet match those of the human visual system, recent developments have made great progress towards tackling the challenges posed by the perceptual analysis of images.

This unique text/reference highlights a selection of important, practical applications of advanced image analysis methods for medical images. The book covers the complete methodology for processing, analysing and interpreting diagnostic results of sample computed tomography (CT) images. The text also presents significant problems related to new approaches and paradigms in image understanding and semantic image analysis. To further engage the reader, example source code is provided for the implemented algorithms in the described solutions.

Topics and features: describes the most important methods and algorithms used for image analysis, including holistic and syntactic methods; examines the fundamentals of cognitive computer image analysis for computer-aided diagnosis and semantic image description, introducing the cognitive resonance model; presents original approaches for the semantic analysis of CT perfusion and CT angiography images of the brain and carotid artery; discusses techniques for creating 3D visualisations of large datasets, and efficient and reliable algorithms for 3D rendering; reviews natural user interfaces in medical imaging systems, covering innovative Gesture Description Language technology; concludes with a summary of significant developments in advanced image recognition techniques and their practical applications, along with possible directions for future research.

This cutting-edge work is an invaluable practical resource for researchers and professionals interested in medical informatics, computer-aided diagnosis, computer graphics, and intelligent information systems.

Colonoscopy is the bread and butter for endoscopists and advances in the procedure to reduce time, improve efficiency, and prevent errors are very important for this group. The newest advances look at colonoscopy efficiency and a better way to target tissue sampling, which avoids random biopsies and instead looks at ways to predict areas for sampling. The Guest Editors have selected top experts to provide these important updates and they also address current thinking that questions the continued value of colonoscopies as predictors of colon cancer. The issue will be a very popular one, and it needs to be heavily promoted.

This two-part issue, edited by Dr. Rathan Subramaniam, reviews current clinical information in "PET/CT and Patient Outcomes." In Part I of this issue, articles will include: Head and Neck Cancer, Lung Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Melanoma, Prostate Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, Thyroid Cancer, Radiation Therapy Planning, Infection/Inflammation, Colorectal Cancer, and more!

State of the Art CT and MR Imaging of Coronary Artery Disease and the Myocardial Ischemic Cascade is covered extensively in this issue of Radiologic Clinics. Articles will include: Imaging Coronary Artery Disease and the Myocardial Ischemic Cascade; CT Imaging of Coronary Artery Plaque; Coronary CT Angiography in Clinical Practice; Beyond Stenosis Detection: CT Approaches for Determining the Functional Relevance of Coronary Artery Disease; CT Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease; Cardiac CT for the Evaluation of the Acute Chest Pain Syndrome; Current State of the Art Cardiovascular MRI Techniques for Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease; Global and Regional Functional Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease with Cardiac MRI; MRI of the Coronary Vasculature: Imaging the Lumen, Wall and Beyond; Delayed Enhanced Viability Imaging: Techniques and Clinical Applications; Tissue Characterization of the Left Ventricular Myocardium: State of the Art Techniques and Emerging Clinical Utility; Stress Cardiac MRI: the Role of Stress Functional Assessment and Perfusion Imaging in the Evaluation of Ischemic Heart Disease, and much more!

Without a deep understanding of what normal anatomy looks like in ultrasound images, you may have a tough time recognizing abnormalities. Thankfully Sonography Introduction to Normal Structure and Function, 5th Edition provides the firm grounding in normal anatomy and physiology that you need from an ultrasound perspective. This highly visual text uses a wealth of ultrasound images accompanied by labeled drawings with detailed legends to increase your comfort with normal anatomy as it appears during scanning. Its consistent chapter format also makes the content easy to navigate and reinforces standard protocols for scanning each area of the body. Highly visual content leads with images and uses narrative to support those visuals. Consistent organization features a standardized heading scheme to aid students when searching for information. Quality control protocol information helps students recreate the most optimal scanning settings and techniques. NEW! Chapter on musculoskeletal sonography covers the latest use of ultrasound technology to visualize muscle, tendon, and ligament anatomy. NEW! Chapter devoted to pediatric sonography introduces students to the knowledge needed to work in this nascent specialty. NEW! Coverage of 5D technology familiarizes students with automated volume scanning. NEW! Updated content reflects the latest ARDMS standards and AIUM guidelines. NEW! More than 100 new and updated sonograms and line drawings give students a better picture of what they should see in scans.

Editor Deborah Shatzkes and authors review important areas in Craniofacial Trauma. Articles will include: Optimizing craniofacial CT technique, Orbital and facial fractures, Orbital and facial soft tissue injuries, Skull base fractures and their complications, Temporal bone trauma, Pediatric considerations in craniofacial trauma, Cerebrovascular trauma, Surgical perspectives in craniofacial trauma, and more!

Automatic detection and segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images are prerequisites to subsequent image measurements and disease quantification, and therefore have multiple clinical applications. This book presents an efficient object detection and segmentation framework, called Marginal Space Learning, which runs at a sub-second speed on a current desktop computer, faster than the state-of-the-art. Trained with a sufficient number of data sets, Marginal Space Learning is also robust under imaging artifacts, noise and anatomical variations. The book showcases 35 clinical applications of Marginal Space Learning and its extensions to detecting and segmenting various anatomical structures, such as the heart, liver, lymph nodes and prostate in major medical imaging modalities (CT, MRI, X-Ray and Ultrasound), demonstrating its efficiency and robustness.

Specific 3-D measurement techniques, based on optical or opto-electronic principles of image capture, can today provide a complete set of results to quantify, without any risk for the patient, the actual state of the rachis and the effects induced by the disease on the whole postural performance. The book deals with theoretical and clinical aspects of spinal deformities. It covers topics such as 3-D acquisition, reconstruction and modelling techniques; 3-D biomechanical analysis; 3-D etiological and prognostic aspects; 3-D treatment of scoliosis; surface topography and internal 3-D spinal and/or trunk anatomy.

Advanced techniques in image processing have led to many innovations supporting the medical field, especially in the area of disease diagnosis. Biomedical imaging is an essential part of early disease detection and often considered a first step in the proper management of medical pathological conditions. Classification and Clustering in Biomedical Signal Processing focuses on existing and proposed methods for medical imaging, signal processing, and analysis for the purposes of diagnosing and monitoring patient conditions. Featuring the most recent empirical research findings in the areas of signal processing for biomedical applications with an emphasis on classification and clustering techniques, this essential publication is designed for use by medical professionals, IT developers, and advanced-level graduate students.

Dr. Michael Pinsky has assembled an expert team of authors on the topic of Hemodynamic Monitoring. Articles topics include: The interface between monitoring and physiology at the bedside; Defining goals of resuscitation in the critically ill; Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring; Bedside ultrasound for the intensivist; Invasive hemodynamic monitoring; Functional hemodynamic monitoring; Using what you get: dynamic physiological signatures of critical illness; and Effect of organizational issues on resuscitation effectiveness.

This issue, edited by Dr. Kirkland Davis, will comprehensively review imaging of the knee. Articles will include: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Meniscus; MRI of Cruciate Ligaments; Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Extensor Mechanism; Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Articular Cartilage of the Knee Joint; Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pediatric Knee; MRI of Extra-Synovial Inflammation and Impingement about the Knee; A Biomechanical Approach to Interpreting MRI of Knee Injuries; MRI Assessment of Arthritis of the Knee; MRI of the Post-Operative Meniscus; MR Imaging of Cartilage Repair Procedures; Imaging the Knee in the Setting of Metal Hardware, and more!

Editor Jay J. Pillai and authors review important areas in Clinical Applications of Functional MRI. Articles will include: Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Presurgical Planning; Visual Mapping Using Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional MRI; Applications of BOLD fMRI and DTI in Epilepsy; Pretherapeutic fMRI in Children; BOLD fMRI for Presurgical Planning; Brain Tensor Imaging for Brain Malformations: Does it Help?; Technical Considerations for fMRI Analysis; Special Considerations/Technical Limitations of BOLD fMRI; The Economics of Functional MRI: Clinical and Research; Memory Assessment in the Clinical Context Using fMRI: A Critical Look at the State of the Field; Resting State BOLD fMRI for Pre-surgical Planning, and more!

This issue of Radiologic Clinics, edited by Leslie Scoutt, concentrates on the latest updates in ultrasound. Articles include: 3D Sonography in Gynecologic Imaging; Elastography; Evaluation of Pelvic Masses; Evaluation of the First Trimester; Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Liver and Kidney; Interpreting Lower Extremity Non Invasive Physiological Studies; Sonography in Thyroid Cancer; Evaluation of Pelvic Pain; Evaluation of the Renal Transplant; Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound Imaging; Sonographic Evaluation of Palpable Superficial Masses; Fetal CNS; Evaluation of Diffuse Liver Disease; Evaluation of Scrotal Masses; Lower Extremity Venous Ultrasound Examination; and more!

With the rising incidence of urolithiasis, the management of ureteral stones continues to become a larger component of urologic practice. Though almost all urologists deal with ureteral stones, there have been many recent improvements in instrumentation and adjunctive equipment as well as improvements in imaging and the data we can obtain from radiologic imaging in order to guide stone management. Newer topics such as how to limit radiation exposure to both the patient and the urologist, the accuracy and limitations of low-dose computed tomography as well as a review of the most recent studies will be covered in this book. The purpose of this book is to provide a complete updated roadmap to treating ureteral stones, from early management decisions from information found on radiologic studies to adjusting to intra-operative challenges.

This issue of PET Clinics examines the Contribution of FDG to Modern Medicine. In the first of two issues, articles include: The Basic Principles of FDG-PET/CT Imaging; FDG-PET in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma; FDG-PET in Thoracic Malignancies; FDG-PET/CT in Gastrointestinal Malignancies; FDG-PET/CT in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases; FDG in Urologic Malignancies; FDG-PET for Interventional Oncology in Liver Malignancy; FDG-PET in Neurology and Psychiatry, and more!

This book provides an overview on the critical role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected alimentary tract perforation, an emergent condition that requires prompt surgery. With the aid of numerous high-quality images, it is described how different imaging modalities, including plain film X-ray, ultrasonography and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT), permit correct diagnosis of the presence and cause of the perforation and of associated pathologies. Particular attention is paid to MDCT, with full description of its role in a range of scenarios at various levels of the alimentary tract. Imaging of GI tract perforation in different patient groups, such as pediatric patients, the elderly and oncologic patients, is also addressed. This volume will greatly assist residents in radiology, radiologists and physicians who are daily involved in the management of patients with clinically suspected alimentary tract perforation.