Accurate interpretation of indications for treatment is the cornerstone of success in medicine. This book carefully examines the relation between clinical features, diagnosis, and choice of minimally invasive technique for a range of spine pathologies. It explains how selection of technique is intimately related to clinical and diagnostic aspects and how recognition of this relation forms the foundation for an optimal outcome. In addition to examining the various minimally invasive options, including the latest techniques, careful attention is paid to the role of medical treatment in avoiding recurrence after initial therapy. Nerve blocks, epidural injections, and intradiscal procedures are among the many options available in the armamentarium of the interventionalist, and advice is given on their use in different contexts. This volume will be of great value for neuroradiologists and others responsible for treating patients with spine disorders.

This monograph covers all aspects of the radiologic diagnosis of urinary tract diverticula, including calyceal, ureteral, bladder, and urethral diverticula. Characteristic and subtle diagnostic features are identified with the aid of numerous high-quality ultrasound, X-ray, and magnetic resonance images, the vast majority of which are drawn from the author's personal clinical practice. In addition, issues relating to terminology, classification, statistics, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis are discussed. The text is complemented by two helpful appendices that document the latest recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology regarding use of contrast media and the European Medicines Agency on minimizing the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis when using gadolinium- containing contrast agents. This book will be of value for specialists in radiology and urology and also trainees and medical students.

This issue covers a wide range of topics related to genitourinary imaging, across a variety of imaging modalities.? An update is given on dual-energy CT in urologic imaging.? Imaging of the retroperitoneum is also discussed. Imaging of infectious and inflammatory diseases of kidneys is reviewed, as is imaging of the features of common and uncommon neoplasms of the bladder.? Multimodality imaging of the ureter, unusual renal masses, and adrenal imaging are all addressed in detail.? Finally, advances in pediatric urologic imaging are reviewed.

As with most joints in the body, MR imaging is highly effective at imaging the shoulder.? This issue reviews the use of MR imaging to rotator cuff disease and external impingement, Internal impingement syndromes, SLAP injuries and microinstability, and glenohumeral instability.? Also included in this issue are separate articles on technical update on MRI of the shoulder, novel anatomic concepts in MR imaging of the rotator cuff, and anatomic variants and pitfalls of the labrum, glenoid cartilage, and glenohumeral ligaments.? The issue also provides reviews of MR Imaging of the postoperative shoulder, MR imaging of the pediatric shoulder, and the throwing shoulder from the orthopedist's perspective.

This book presents a critical assessment of progress on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of proteins, including brief reviews of the history of the field along with coverage of current clinical and in vivo applications. The book, in honour of Oleg Jardetsky, one of the pioneers of the field, is edited by two of the most highly respected investigators using NMR, and features contributions by most of the leading workers in the field. It will be valued as a landmark publication that presents the state-of-the-art perspectives regarding one of today's most important technologies.

This issue provides a complete update on PET imaging of lymphoma, starting with a clinical assessment of lymphoma and the role of medical imaging. The role of structural imaging in lymphoma is then discussed.? From a Nuclear Medicine perspective, FDG-PET in lymphoma is reviewed, as is the role of FDG-PET in pediatric lymphoma.? Next, the role of non-FDG tracers in lymphoma is reviewed.? Other articles cover the role of fMRI and optical imaging in lymphoma, the role of diffusion-weighted MRI in lymphoma, FDG-PET in personalization of therapy in patients with lymphoma, and PET and radiation oncology in lymphoma.

Electromyography remains a main diagnostic tool within neurology. This issue of Neurologic Clinics addresses the most recent developments in the clinical application of EMG. Articles in this issue include: Nerve conduction studies: Basic Concepts and Patterns of Abnormalities; Needle Electromyography-Basic Concepts andInterpretation of Recorded Potentials;Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Carpal TunnelSyndrome;Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Ulnar Neuropathyand Other Upper Extremity Mononeuropathy; Lower Extremity Mononeuropathies;Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Brachial Plexopathies; Evaluation ofRadiculopathies;Electrodiagnostic Approach to Motor NeuronDiseases;Electrophysiologic Findings in PeripheralNeuropathies; Evaluation of Neuromuscular Junction Disorders in the EMGLaboratory;Electrodiagnostic Findings inMyopathy;Electrodiagnostic Approach to CranialNeuropathies; Technical Issues with Nerve Conduction Studies and Needle EMG;andCoding and Reimbursement of ElectrodiagnosticStudies.

Imaging of the spine is given a thorough update in this issue, beginning with an article on spine segmentation, enumeration and normal variants.? Imaging of degenerative disease of the spine is then reviewed, giving consideration to appropriate utilization of imaging, specificity and sensitivity shortcomings in evaluation of degenerative disease, risks and benefits of imaging of degenerative disease, and the prevalence of radicular? and? xial pain and underlying? pain generators.? Next, the validity and socioeconomic? impact of spine imaging in evaluating "degenerative? pain syndromes is reviewed.? Pathophysiology and biomechanics of disc and posterior element of degenerative disease is reviewed, along with imaging of radiculopathy / radiculitis, ? imaging of central canal stenosis, and imaging of discogenic pain (using MRI and discography). Imaging of joint related axial pain, spine neoplasm, spine infection, and non-acute trauma is also covered

Data compiled by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicates an alarming and continuing increase in the prevalence of autism. Despite intensive research during the last few decades, autism remains a behavioral defined syndrome wherein diagnostic criteria lack in construct validity. And, contrary to other conditions like diabetes and hypertension, there are no biomarkers for autism. However, new imaging methods are changing the way we think about autism, bringing us closer to a falsifiable definition for the condition, identifying affected individuals earlier in life, and recognizing different subtypes of autism. The imaging modalities discussed in this book emphasize the power of new technology to uncover important clues about the condition with the hope of developing effective interventions. Imaging the Brain in Autism was created to examine autism from a unique perspective that would emphasize results from different imaging technologies. These techniques show brain abnormalities in a significant percentage of patients, abnormalities that translate into aberrant functioning and significant clinical symptomatology. It is our hope that this newfound understanding will make the field work collaborative and provide a path that minimizes technical impediments.

This volume of Methods in Enzymology is the first of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike.
Expert authors who are leaders in the fieldExtensively referenced and useful figures and tablesProvides hints and tricks to facilitate reproduction of methods

Topics include: MRI of the preterm and term neonate with hypoxic ischemic injury; MRI of neonatal infections; MRI of neonatal stroke; Neonates with seizures: What to consider, How to image?;? Metabolic diseases of the newborn; Fetal MRI: Imaging versus imagining?; Postmortum MRI: An alternative to autopsy?; MRI of spinal dysraphia: What to consider?; Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the neonatal spinal cord; How to prepare and care for a critical sick neonate in a MRI environment; Functional (BOLD) imaging of the newborn; Advanced functional MRI; Dedicated MR antennae for neonatal imaging; Shaken infant syndrome/ Imaging of child abuse; Congenital Cardiac Defects and MR guided planning of surgery; Congenital Cardiovascular Malformation: Non-invasive imaging; MR guided cardiovascular interventions in noenates and infants; Musculoskeletal imaging of the newborn.

This issue of Ultrasound Clinics? explores the role that ultrasound plays in diagnosing and treating common disorders of the head and neck. Future applications of ultrasound technology are also discussed. Articles in this issue include "Head and Neck Ultrasound: Why Now?; Ultrasound physics in a nutshell; Head and Neck Anatomy and Ultrasound Correlation; Interpretation of Ultrasound; The Expanding Ultility of Office-Based Ultrasound for the Head and Neck Surgeon;The Role of Ultrasound in Thyroid Disorders; Techniques for Parathyroid Localization and Ultrasound;Ultrasound-Guided Procedures for the Office; Head and Neck Ultrasound in the Pediatric Population; and Emerging Technology in Head and Neck Ultrasonography.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics updates the reader with the latest clinical information on the imaging of bone and soft-tissue tumors.? An article on how to approach patients with bone lesions leads off the issue followed by reviews of analysis of solitary lesions of bone, imaging of benign bone tumors, imaging of primary malignant bone tumors, and imaging of hematopoietic tumors and metastases involving bone.? Soft tissue tumors are also reviewed in articles from the clinician's perspective and with the use of MRI.? The use of MRI in the imaging of children with soft tissue masses is also covered.? Articles on mimics of bone and soft tissue tumors, biopsy and intervention, post-therapy imaging, and advanced MRI techniques round out the issue.

Ultrasound is used frequently as the modality of choice for vascular imaging.? It's unique ability to demonstrate blood flow make it particularly effective.? Reviewed in this issue are the US applications in the imaging of the heart, kidneys, and liver.? Also covered are imaging of US for imaging of the carotid artery and in deep vein thrombosis.? Lastly an article highlighting ways to optimize Doppler US is included.

Diseases once believed to be confined to the tropics, such as parasitic, mycobacterial, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are still a major cause of mortality and moribidity in the tropics, yet can affect the developed world in an era of increased global travel and migration. Neuroimaging technique developments over the last several decades have helped clinicians better understand and diagnose these conditions. Experts from tropical countries share their experiences regarding tropical disorders, some of which are rare in the western world, but possible to appear in patients and not readily recognized by specialists not familiar with these diseases.

Topics in this issue include: Relevance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of tropical neurologic disorders; Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Tuberculosis; Parasitic diseases of nervous system; Neuroimaging in Post-infectious Demyelination and Nutritional Disorders of the Central Nervous System; CNS Fungal Infections in the Tropics; Neuroimaging Epilepsy in the Tropics; Neuroimaging in Cranio-Vertebral Anomalies as seen in Tropics; Vascular Brain Pathologies; Neurobrucellosis; Hirayama Disease; Transverse Myelitis; and Pyomyositis.

Gain a complete understanding of sonography physics and instrumentation related to clinical practice. Technology for Diagnostic Sonography provides clear, in-depth coverage of physics principles, ultrasound transducers, pulse echo instrumentation, Doppler instrumentation, clinical safety, and quality control. It includes the latest information on real-time imaging techniques, plus a comprehensive discussion of image artifacts. With wide-ranging online review questions, it also offers ample opportunities to assess your learning progress. Written by sonography and testing expert Wayne Hedrick, Technology for Diagnostic Sonography simplifies this difficult topic and allows you to demonstrate your knowledge of physics and instrumentation on exams with the ultimate goal of preparing you for success in clinical practice. A focus on essential physics and instrumentation provides the exact technical content you need to prepare for clinical sonography practice. Accessible, conversational writing style with real-world analogies explains physics concepts and makes this difficult topic less intimidating. Examples and sample problems help you make the connection between theory and practical applications. The latest information on equipment and scanning methods ensures an understanding of how to competently and safely use ultrasound instrumentation. Comprehensive discussion of image artifacts with illustrative examples helps you recognize and eliminate artifacts. Detailed description of performance testing with tissue mimicking phantoms allows assessment of the proper operation of B-mode scanners. Practical guidance on the clinical use of mechanical index and thermal index enables practice of the ALARA principle when scanning patients. Full-color format shows scans as they appear in the clinical setting. Key terms and other learner-friendly features focus your study on important information. Summaries of essential principles and equations reinforce the most important concepts. Extensive review questions on a companion Evolve website allow realistic assessment of your knowledge.

This volume of Methods in Enzymology is thethird of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike.
The third of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cellsThe chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publicationsIt is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike"

Color perception plays an important role in object recognition and scene understanding both for humans and intelligent vision systems. Recent advances in digital color imaging and computer hardware technology have led to an explosion in the use of color images in a variety of applications including medical imaging, content-based image retrieval, biometrics, watermarking, digital inpainting, remote sensing, visual quality inspection, among many others. As a result, automated processing and analysis of color images has become an active area of research, to which the large number of publications of the past two decades bears witness. The multivariate nature of color image data presents new challenges for researchers and practitioners as the numerous methods developed for single channel images are often not directly applicable to multichannel ones. The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the early stages of the color image processing pipeline."

Congenital spine and spinal cord malformations; Congenital brain malformations (except cortical malformations); Malformations of cortical development; Congenital cystic neck lesions; A simplified approach to pediatric vascular malformations of the head and neck; Congenital face, maxillofacial anomalies; Congenital arterial and venous anomalies of brain, spine and neck; Fetal neuroimaging; Temporal bone malformations; Pediatric orbit; Neurosurgeon's perspective to congenital brain and spine malformations

PET/CT holds great promise for the management of many types of infection and inflammation.? This issue discusses many of these uses, starting with arthroplasty-associated infection.? FDG PET/CT also has utility in inflammatory bowel disease.? This issue also discusses the utilization of FDG PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of diabetic foot, and in monitoring therapeutic effect in patients without malignancy. PET/CT is reviewed regarding its use in patients with sarcoidosis or IgG4 disease.? Also covered is the application of FDG PET/CT in detecting the source of fever of unknown origin. Artherosclerosis and vasculitis can be assessed by PET/CT and FDG PET/CT can also be used in the management of severe infection in patients with malignancies.? Finally, the issue discusses the use of PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of osteomyelitis.

Cutting edge information for all oral and maxillofacial surgeons on computed tomography and guided surgery! Topics include comparison of CT and cone beam technologies, stereolithographic modeling and surgical guide concepts, virtual technologies in dentoalveolar evaluation and surgery, computer guided planning and placement of dental implants, utilization in the treatment of facial trauma, digital technologies in pathology and reconstruction, 3D technologies in craniofacial and orthognathic surgery, evaluation and fabrication of custom cosmetic facial implants, and extraoral craniofacial applications.

Breast sonography is commonly used to evaluate mammographic and palpable abnormalities, and this issue covers all of the current applications currently in use. Sonography also plays a role in screening for breast cancer and in evaluating the extent of disease in the breast and the regional lymph nodes. This issue also reviews the use of ultrasound to perform biopsies, guide catheters, and deliver radiation therapy.

Various aspects, including diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis, of two brain tumors (meningioma and schwannoma) , of brain tumors are discussed in this volume. Insights on the understanding of molecular pathways involved in brain tumor biology are explained. For example, the role of E-cadherin gene instability, carbonic anhydrase 11, urokinase plasminogen activator, and Wnt signaling is discussed in detail. Such information will lead to the development of effective aniicancer drugs. The role of molecular genetics and epigenetic mechanisms in schwannomas is explained. Also, is explained the role of cyclin D1 in vestibular schwannoma. The determination of subtypes of meningiomas using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging is explained. Diagnosis of incidentally discovered meningioma and cystic papillary meningioma is also included. Diagnosis of facial nerve schwannoma, vestibular schwannoma, and intermediate nerve schwannoma is explained. Treatments for atypical meningioma, oncocytic meneingioma, intracranial meningioma, and cavernous are presented. Therapeutic methods such as neurosurgery, Gamma knife radiosurgery, and adjuvant radiation for this cancer are included. Large number of other treatments, including radiosurgery, retrosigmoidal craniotomy, and immunotherapy, for vestibular schwannoma patients are detailed.