With the advent of combined modality imaging, it has become essential for the radiologists how structure and function relate to each other. Previously radiologists had to rely upon CT or MRI in order to tell the location of a problem but could not assess functionally what was going on within the patient. PET image has allowed radiologists to make a functional assessment to aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning for patients. This issue reviews the use of PET/CT and PET/MRI to evaluate patients with neurologic disorders, malignant and nonmalignant thoracic disorders, the cardiovascular system, breast diseases, musculoskeletal system, abdominal and pelvic disorders, and endocrine disorders.

Topics include: MR Imaging of the Pediatric Bone Marrow; The growing skeleton: MR appearances of developing cartilage; Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders; MRI of Pediatric Trauma; MRI of Pediatric Arthritis; MR Imaging of Primary Bone Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions in Children; MR Imaging of soft tissue masses in children; The hip: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders; The knee: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders; The foot and ankle: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders; MRI in Congenital and Acquired Disorders of the Pediatric Upper Extremity.

Forensic anthropology deals with human remains usually in the skeletonized form. The application of microscopy to skeletal tissues is well established and used routinely in biomedical science. Its adaptation to forensic questions is an increasing area of interest, and publications utilizing microscopy have increased in the scientific literature. In Forensic Microscopy for Skeletal Tissues: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the forensic, archeological and paleontological disciplines, and detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study skeletal material. These methods include differing forms of light, confocal, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Forensic Microscopy for Skeletal Tissues: Methods and Protocols bring together differing forms of microscopy that are used in association with forensic anthropology, or have relevance to questions concerning forensic anthropology.

Low- and middle-income countries have seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of breast and gynecological cancers in the past decade. Organized cancer screening programs are not widely available in developing countries, leading to disproportionately higher mortality rates compared to those in the developed world. This book addresses cost-effective strategies for implementing programs aimed at screening for the early detection of breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. A well woman clinic concept providing such services as part of women's health examinations is proposed, aiming to ensure patient compliance by limiting clinic visits required for initial testing and diagnosis of screen positive cases.

A detailed description of up-to-date methods used for computer processing and interpretation of medical images is given. The scope of the book include images acquisition, storing with compression, processing, analysis, recognition and also its automatic understanding In introduction general overview of the computer vision methods designed for medical images is presented. Next sources of medical images are presented with their general characteristics. Both traditional (like X-ray) and very modern (like PET) sources of medical images are presented. The main emphasis is placed on such properties of medical images given by particular medical imaging methods which are important form the point of view of its computer processing, analysis and recognition. The consecutive parts of the book describe compression and processing methods, including many methods developed by authors especially for medical images. After parts describing analysis and recognition of medical images come most important part, in which the new method of automatic understanding of medical images is given. This new method of image interpretation, described in previous works of the same authors with applications for simple 2D images now is generalized for 3D images and for complex medical images with many objects observed and with complicated relations between these objects.

Angiography is a minimally invasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. More and more physicians have been using Magnetic Resonance Angiography due to the fact that it is a noninvasive imaging technique that does not involve exposure to radiation. This current and up-to-date new issue of MRI Clinics explores MRA with many articles written by clinicians at the top of their field. Topics include: Dynamic 4D MRA of the Abdomen, Pediatric MR Angiography, and Non Contrast MRA.

Nuclear Cardiology is a dynamic, rapidly growing field. Because this field has grown so quickly, a shortage of trained physicians is projected. This first ever issue of Cardiology Clinics devoted to nuclear cardiology was planned to meet the demand for information in this field. Articles in the issue focus on the most recent developments.

Despite technical advances using MR and the emergence of PET imaging, CT continues to be a frequently used imaging modality that has not stood still while others have thrived. Advances in CT have continued apace with other modalities which have taken CT into new areas of imaging that just a few short years ago it could not approach. With the advent of 64-slice CT, a greater number of images can be taken in a much quicker period of time. The use of CT perfusion in the brain and abdomen are reviewed in this issue. Cutting edge techniques such as 4D CT and dual energy CT will be discussed, as well as CT applications for imaging of the coronary arteries and cardiac valves.

Starting with the mouth and nose, airways are the part of the respiratory system in which air is transported to the lungs. If any of these airways become compromised, then respiration can become more difficult. Most common among the causes of these types of illnesses is asthma. Also prominent is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a significant cause of death worldwide. In addition to reviews of diseases affecting the airways, this issue also covers airway anatomy and variants, congenital anomalies of airways, and CT-bronchoscopic correlations.

Because of their constant use and intricate architecture, the foot and ankle can be the source of many problems. As a result, imaging is crucial for diagnostic purposes and so that treatment decisions can be made. This issue reviews imaging of soft-tissue lesions, osteochondral lesions, and metatarsalgia. Sonography of the hind and mid foot, Imaging of Lis Franc injury, and imaging of the diabetic pedal osteomyelitis are also covered among other topics.

This book covers all the existing imaging modalities currently in use in imaging departments, providing a sound basis for understanding how individual systems work. It is designed to be accessible to students without minimising the content. Although conventional imaging is being phased out, it still exists in certain areas, e.g. dental surgeries, and therefore is reduced in size and placed in an Appendix. The text has been restructured in list form to increase clarity and aid study Pedagogic features include an introduction and summary for each chapter Glossaries of imaging terms and computer buzz words, and a key to commonly used abbreviations are included New edition is completely rewritten: Digital imaging is main focus CT, ultrasound, MRI and NMR imaging added 'Conventional' imaging retained as an Appendix Text simplified, and block diagrams, flow charts and tables added to increase accessibility of content

3D ultrasound shows a still image of a foetus, far more detailed than the 2D flat grey scale imaging. 4D ultrasound is more advanced, showing a moving image, allowing obstetricians to evaluate foetal well-being. It is also used by gynaecologists to examine uterine anomalies. This book is a practical guide to the use of 3D and 4D ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology. Divided into three sections, the text begins with an introduction to ultrasound, its working and application, its function, software, and volume calculation tools. Section Two covers clinical applications of volume ultrasound in obstetrics, explaining its use during the first trimester, for foetal abnormalities, for functional assessment of foetal brain development, and in labour. The final section discusses the application of ultrasound in gynaecology, covering uterine abnormalities, adnexal lesions, and in infertility. The book concludes with an appendix detailing different terms used by different brands. Key points Practical guide to use of 3D and 4D ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology Provides detailed explanation of ultrasound working, function and software Covers different uses of ultrasound for foetal monitoring, gynaecological disorders, and infertility Highly illustrated with detailed ultrasound images

This book represents volume 2 of a 3-volume monograph on Particle Penetration and Radiation Effects. While volume 1 addressed the basic theory of scattering and stopping of swift point charges, i.e., protons, antiprotons and alpha particles, the present volume focuses on ions heavier than helium as well as molecules and clusters over an energy range from a few keV/u to a few hundred MeV/u. The book addresses the foundations in atomic-collision physics of a wide variety of application areas within materials and surface science and engineering, micro and nano science and technology, radiation medicine and biology as well as nuclear and particle physics. Problems have been added to all chapters. This should make the book useful for both self-study and advanced university courses. An effort has been made to establish a unified notation throughout the monograph.

Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging presents a basic yet comprehensive discussion of the role and use of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and diseases of the hip, highlighting common concerns and procedures. Beginning with the principles of MRI and dGEMRIC and moving on to normal and abnormal hip anatomy, the focus shifts to the MRI techniques used in the detection of disease conditions of the hip, including labral disease, osteonecrosis, extra-articular conditions and cartilage damage. Chapters on the utilization of biochemical imaging biomarkers in the treatment of hip disorders round out the text. Written by experts in radiology and orthopedics and generously illustrated with MRI radiographs, this book will be an important reference work for clinicians in those fields, as well as practitioners of sports medicine and primary care physicians.

With cancer-related deaths projected to rise to 10.3 million people by 2020, the need to prevent, diagnose, and cure cancer is greater than ever. This book presents readers with the most up-to-date imaging instrumentation, general and diagnostic applications for various cancers, with an emphasis on lung and breast carcinomas--the two major worldwide malignancy types. This book discusses the various imaging techniques used to locate and diagnose tumors, including ultrasound, X-ray, color Doppler sonography, PET, CT, PET/CT, MRI, SPECT, diffusion tensor imaging, dynamic infrared imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It also details strategies for imaging cancer, emphasizing the importance of the use of this technology for clinical diagnosis. Imaging techniques that predict the malignant potential of cancers, response to chemotherapy and other treatments, recurrence, and prognosis are also detailed.
Concentrates on the application of imaging technology to the diagnosis and prognosis of lung and breast carcinomas, the two major worldwide malignancies
Addresses the relationship between radiation dose and image quality
Discusses the role of molecular imaging in identifying changes for the emergence and progression of cancer at the cellular and/or molecular levels"

New Techniques for Thoracic Outlet Syndromes presents in a comprehensive format an up-to-date, state of the art reference that physicians can use in consultation to properly treat patients using the resources that modern medicine offers. This book offers the newer surgical approaches that have been developed during the past 30 years. Some of these techniques are modification of operations that were proposed previously but were not fully affective and left many patients suffering with permanent disability. This textbook is a compendium of the proper management of these patients that cannot be found in isolated reports of literature. The neurogenic-arterial thoracic outlet syndrome section covers how to diagnosis the illness using the proper tests, therefore eliminating the use of expensive, uncomfortable and inconvenient tests. The text is organized in three basic sections that cover all the aspects of the thoracic outlet syndromes. The first section addresses the neurogenic-arterial type, with the pertinent subsections: symptoms, diagnosis. A list of the useful tests is provided to make a correct diagnosis of this syndrome. This is followed by the sections on treatment, using the surgical approaches with historical aspects and evolution of the operations proposed. The second section involves the venous thoracic outlet syndrome divided into the corresponding subsections comprising: symptoms and physical findings, etiology, diagnosis. This section also includes a list of the usual tests to make the proper diagnosis. The last section of this text is dedicated to the presence of cervical ribs and their classification of the different types that occur, and also the proper surgical treatment when fusion of the upper ribs is present. New Techniques for Thoracic Outlet Syndromes offers the current, acceptable and most effective methods to handle thoracic outlet syndromes. It will be of great value to thoracic surgeons, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists as well as fellows and residents in training for cardiothoracic and vascular surgery.

Medical Imaging Informatics provides an overview of this growing discipline, which stems from an intersection of biomedical informatics, medical imaging, computer science and medicine. Supporting two complementary views, this volume explores the fundamental technologies and algorithms that comprise this field, as well as the application of medical imaging informatics to subsequently improve healthcare research. Clearly written in a four part structure, this introduction follows natural healthcare processes, illustrating the roles of data collection and standardization, context extraction and modeling, and medical decision making tools and applications.

Medical Imaging Informatics identifies core concepts within the field, explores research challenges that drive development, and includes current state-of-the-art methods and strategies.

An ECG, or electrocardiogram, is a simple test that records the rhythm and electrical activity of the heart. It is commonly used to detect abnormal heart rhythms and investigate the cause of chest pains. It is important for clinicians to recognise and interpret ECG patterns accurately to ensure correct diagnosis and effective treatment. This book is step by step guide to performing and interpreting ECGs. Divided into 11 sections, the text begins with an overview of the history of ECGs and the physiology of the heart and its conduction system. The next chapters discuss the basics of ECG, the leads and their placement, and normal ECG morphology. The following sections cover systematic interpretation of ECGs, arrhythmias, paediatric ECG interpretation and congenital anomalies, and finally, differential diagnosis. The second edition of this practical guide has been fully revised to include the latest advances in the field. Line diagrams and clinical images further enhance learning. Key points Step by step guide to performing and interpreting ECGs Fully revised, second edition covering latest advances in the field Highly illustrated with line diagrams and clinical images Previous edition (9789350900864) published in 2012

This book is a practical guide to imaging techniques in obstetrics and gynaecology. Beginning with an overview of the ultrasound machine, 3D and 4D ultrasound, and examination of the female pelvis, the next chapters cover the role of colour flow and Doppler, and ultrasound, in infertility, and the use of ultrasound for the diagnosis of gynaecological disorders. The following chapters provide in depth discussion on the use of ultrasound in obstetrics, for both general pregnancy progress and health check-ups, and for abnormal conditions such as bleeding, placenta problems, and malformations. The final sections provide guidance on ultrasound report writing and how to train ultrasound techniques. The comprehensive text is further enhanced by ultrasound and Doppler images, diagrams and tables. Key points Practical guide to imaging techniques in obstetrics and gynaecology Clearly explains interpretation of images for accurate diagnosis Includes guidance on ultrasound report writing and ultrasound training techniques Highly illustrated with ultrasound images, diagrams and tables