Targeted Cancer Imaging: Design and Synthesis of Nanoplatforms based on Tumour Biology reviews and categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, highlighting new and safe approaches that involve membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells, all with the goal of pointing the way to developing precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future. This book is highly multidisciplinary, bridging the knowledge gap between tumor biology, nanotechnology, and diagnostic imaging, and thus making it suitable for researchers ranging from oncology to bioengineering. Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. One of the best hopes for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase our current understanding of tumor biology, allowing nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

The book comprises three parts. The first part provides the state-of-the-art of robots for endoscopy (endorobots), including devices already available in the market and those that are still at the R&D stage. The second part focusses on the engineering design; it includes the use of polymers for soft robotics, comparing their advantages and limitations with those of their more rigid counterparts. The third part includes the project management of a multidisciplinary team, the health cost of current technology, and how a cost-effective device can have a substantial impact on the market. It also includes information on data governance, ethical and legal frameworks, and all steps needed to make this new technology available.

The last decade has seen enormous upheaval within all aspects of health care, and the gastrointestinal/ gastroenterology (GI) service has been no exception. Increasing demand for new and established diagnostic and interventional procedures has encouraged innovative models of service delivery, resulting in a range of health professionals crossing traditional practice boundaries. In particular, nurses and radiographers have seized the opportunity to develop their scope of practice, managing a range of procedures including colonoscopy, barium studies and CT colonography. This has, in many cases, freed both radiologists and gastroenterologists to take on new roles in the interventional service. The development of new procedures and new ways of working has promoted a renewed enthusiasm for critical evaluation of the GI service as a whole. As practitioners and clinicians learn new skills and extend their scope of practice it is essential that they have a thorough understanding of the basis of safe, effective and evidence based practice. This book offers the reader a detailed overview of the range of imaging procedures that may be employed in the investigation of gastrointestinal tract pathology, and explores current practice related to the subsequent patient care pathways and treatment options. It has been designed as a detailed reference guide for all health professionals who have a direct involvement in the GI tract and its imaging, including those who may be referring patients for GI radiological investigation, those professionals who are performing and subsequently reporting the procedures, and the clinicians responsible for the subsequent patient management. This book offers a unique insight into the rapidly changing radiology service, and offers introductory chapters which provide the fundamental underpinning knowledge required for safe and effective GI practice. Subsequent chapters discuss the evidence base related to a range of imaging procedures suitable for investigation of upper and lower GI symptoms, supported by key pathology chapters. The book also explores the range of treatments available for the more common GI tract pathology. Multi professional authorship. Detailed evidence-informed explanations of a range of individual GI procedures, including suggestions for problem solving and adaptation of technique. With extensive illustrations, medical images, boxes and tables. References and further reading. /ul>

Deep Learning for Chest Radiographs enumerates different strategies implemented by the authors for designing an efficient convolution neural network-based computer-aided classification (CAC) system for binary classification of chest radiographs into "Normal" and "Pneumonia." Pneumonia is an infectious disease mostly caused by a bacteria or a virus. The prime targets of this infectious disease are children below the age of 5 and adults above the age of 65, mostly due to their poor immunity and lower rates of recovery. Globally, pneumonia has prevalent footprints and kills more children as compared to any other immunity-based disease, causing up to 15% of child deaths per year, especially in developing countries. Out of all the available imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, radiography or X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and so on, chest radiographs are most widely used for differential diagnosis between Normal and Pneumonia. In the CAC system designs implemented in this book, a total of 200 chest radiograph images consisting of 100 Normal images and 100 Pneumonia images have been used. These chest radiographs are augmented using geometric transformations, such as rotation, translation, and flipping, to increase the size of the dataset for efficient training of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A total of 12 experiments were conducted for the binary classification of chest radiographs into Normal and Pneumonia. It also includes in-depth implementation strategies of exhaustive experimentation carried out using transfer learning-based approaches with decision fusion, deep feature extraction, feature selection, feature dimensionality reduction, and machine learning-based classifiers for implementation of end-to-end CNN-based CAC system designs, lightweight CNN-based CAC system designs, and hybrid CAC system designs for chest radiographs. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, clinicians, postgraduate and graduate students in medical imaging, CAC, computer-aided diagnosis, computer science and engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, bioengineering, and professionals from the IT industry.

Recent advancements in the technology of medical imaging, such as CT and MRI scanners, are making it possible to create more detailed 3D and 4D images. These powerful images require vast amounts of digital data to help with the diagnosis of the patient. Artificial intelligence (AI) must play a vital role in supporting with the analysis of this medical imaging data, but it will only be viable as long as healthcare professionals and AI interact to embrace deep thinking platforms such as automation in the identification of diseases in patients. AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics is an essential reference source that examines AI applications in medical imaging that can transform hospitals to become more efficient in the management of patient treatment plans through the production of faster imaging and the reduction of radiation dosages through the PET and SPECT imaging modalities. The book also explores how data clusters from these images can be translated into small data packages that can be accessed by healthcare departments to give a real-time insight into patient care and required interventions. Featuring research on topics such as assistive healthcare, cancer detection, and machine learning, this book is ideally designed for healthcare administrators, radiologists, data analysts, computer science professionals, medical imaging specialists, diagnosticians, medical professionals, researchers, and students.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a 'go-to' reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs

Computer vision and machine intelligence paradigms are prominent in the domain of medical image applications, including computer assisted diagnosis, image guided radiation therapy, landmark detection, imaging genomics, and brain connectomics. Medical image analysis and understanding are daunting tasks owing to the massive influx of multi-modal medical image data generated during routine clinal practice. Advanced computer vision and machine intelligence approaches have been employed in recent years in the field of image processing and computer vision. However, due to the unstructured nature of medical imaging data and the volume of data produced during routine clinical processes, the applicability of these meta-heuristic algorithms remains to be investigated. Advanced Machine Vision Paradigms for Medical Image Analysis presents an overview of how medical imaging data can be analyzed to provide better diagnosis and treatment of disease. Computer vision techniques can explore texture, shape, contour and prior knowledge along with contextual information, from image sequence and 3D/4D information which helps with better human understanding. Many powerful tools have been developed through image segmentation, machine learning, pattern classification, tracking, and reconstruction to surface much needed quantitative information not easily available through the analysis of trained human specialists. The aim of the book is for medical imaging professionals to acquire and interpret the data, and for computer vision professionals to learn how to provide enhanced medical information by using computer vision techniques. The ultimate objective is to benefit patients without adding to already high healthcare costs.

Computational Retinal Image Analysis: Tools, Applications and Perspectives gives an overview of contemporary retinal image analysis (RIA) in the context of healthcare informatics and artificial intelligence. Specifically, it provides a history of the field, the clinical motivation for RIA, technical foundations (image acquisition modalities, instruments), computational techniques for essential operations, lesion detection (e.g. optic disc in glaucoma, microaneurysms in diabetes) and validation, as well as insights into current investigations drawing from artificial intelligence and big data. This comprehensive reference is ideal for researchers and graduate students in retinal image analysis, computational ophthalmology, artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, health informatics, and more.

Handbook of Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention presents important advanced methods and state-of-the art research in medical image computing and computer assisted intervention, providing a comprehensive reference on current technical approaches and solutions, while also offering proven algorithms for a variety of essential medical imaging applications. This book is written primarily for university researchers, graduate students and professional practitioners (assuming an elementary level of linear algebra, probability and statistics, and signal processing) working on medical image computing and computer assisted intervention.

Before the modern age of medicine, the chance of surviving a terminal disease such as cancer was minimal at best. After embracing the age of computer-aided medical analysis technologies, however, detecting and preventing individuals from contracting a variety of life-threatening diseases has led to a greater survival percentage and increased the development of algorithmic technologies in healthcare. Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of generating pictorial depictions of the interior of a body for medical intervention and clinical analysis. While highlighting topics such as artificial neural networks, disease prediction, and healthcare analysis, this publication explores image acquisition and pattern recognition as well as the methods of treatment and care. This book is ideally designed for diagnosticians, medical imaging specialists, healthcare professionals, physicians, medical researchers, academicians, and students.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of The Pelvis: A Practical Approach presents comprehensive information to deal with commonly encountered pelvic pathologies. The content is developed by disease-focused experts aiming to share their experience to make the information easily applicable to clinical setting and research. The book covers a wide range of pelvic pathologies, and each chapter focuses on problem-solving approaches and includes tips and advice for multiple real-world scenarios. It also provides comprehensive-yet-tailored protocols, clear guidelines for indications, a detailed discussion of pathologies, descriptions of important differential diagnoses, and pitfalls and their solutions. It is a valuable resource for radiologists, researchers, clinicians, and members of medical and biomedical fields who need to understand better how to use MRI to base their diagnosis or advance their research work.

In this issue of PET Clinics, guest editors Drs. Harshad R. Kulkarni and Abass Alavi bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Prostate Cancer. PET imaging for prostate cancer continues to evolve as new radiotracers and imaging modalities are combined. This issue offers an up-to-date review of the most popular radiotracers and how PET imaging is combined with MR, CT, and ultrasound to provide the most accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. Contains 12 practice-oriented topics including the role of ultrasound, CT, and MRI in managing patients with prostate cancer; Ga68 PSMA imaging; PET imaging for prostate cancer using F-18 Fluciclovine; PET imaging for prostate cancer using Ga-68 RM2; the role of NaF PET in the imaging of prostate cancer; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on prostate cancer, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Drs. Sangam Kanekar and Sarah Sarvis Milla bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Advances in Imaging of the Fetus and Newborn. Top experts in the field provide important imaging updates to perinatologists and neonatologists who provide care to fetal, preterm, and newborn infants, helping them optimize outcomes and support families as they make decisions about clinical care, treatment, and postnatal care of affected babies. Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including fetal MRI neuroradiology: indications, safety, and normal anatomy; neuroimaging of the premature infant; imaging of abusive head trauma in infancy; intrauterine and perinatal infections; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on advances in imaging of the fetus and newborn, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Advances in Clinical Radiology reviews the year's most important findings and updates within the field in order to provide radiologists with the current clinical information they need for everyday practice. A distinguished editorial board, led by Dr. Frank H. Miller, identifies key areas of major progress and controversy and invites preeminent specialists to contribute original articles devoted to these topics. These insightful overviews in radiology inform and enhance clinical practice by bringing concepts to a clinical level and exploring their everyday impact on patient care. Contains a variety of articles on such topics as accelerating abdominopelvic MRI; image-guided biopsy: an algorithmic approach for optimizing results in the age of precision medicine; COVID in the abdomen; and advances in imaging of cystic renal masses: appraisal of emerging evidence from Bosniak version 2019 to artificial intelligence. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews in radiology, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information in the field under the leadership of an experienced editorial team. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.