Bone is a complex biological material that consists of both an inorganic and organic phase, which undergoes continuous dynamic biological processes within the body. This complex structure and the need to acquire accurate data have resulted in a wide variety of methods applied in the physical analysis of bone in vivo and in vitro. Each method has its own strengths and applications depending on the information sought by the clinician or researcher.
The Physical Measurement of Bone provides a detailed description of all the major methods of bone analysis, including brief comments on clinical evaluation. The physics of each method are introduced as well as a summary of practical procedures. The book is essential reading for practicing medical physicists and technicians who need to know about the many methods of bone analysis open to them, and, more importantly, the wide coverage provides a good introductory framework for students of medical physics and biomedical engineering.

The study of dielectric properties of biological systems and their components is important not only for fundamental scientific knowledge but also for its applications in medicine, biology, and biotechnology. The associated technique - known as dielectric spectroscopy - has enabled researchers to quickly and accurately acquire time- or frequency-spectra of permittivity and conductivity and permitted the derivation and testing of realistic electrical models for cells and organelles. This text covers the theoretical basis and practical aspects of the study of dielectric properties of biological systems, such as water, electrolyte and polyelectrolytes, solutions of biological macromolecules, cells suspensions and cellular systems. The authors' combined efforts provide a comprehensive and cohesive book that takes advantage of the expertise of multiple scientists involved in cutting-edge research in the specific sub-fields of bio-dielectric spectroscopy while maintaining its self-consistency through numerous discussions. The first six chapters cover theoretical, methodological and experimental aspects of relaxation and dispersion in biological dielectrics at molecular, cellular and cellular aggregate level. Applications are presented in the following chapters which are organized in the order of increased complexity, beginning with pure water, amino acids and proteins, continuing with vesicles and simple cells such as erythrocytes, and then with more complex, organelle-containing cells and cellular aggregates. Due to its broad coverage, the text could be used as a reference book by researchers, and as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate classes and graduate classes in (bio) physics, medical physics, quantitative biology, and engineering.

This comprehensive and topical volume presents a number of significant advances on many fronts in this area of research, particularly emphasizing current and future biomedical applications of electromagnetic fields.

Each year, the Annual BCI Research Award recognizes the top new projects in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. This book contains summaries of these projects from the 2017 BCI Research Award. Each chapter is written by the group that submitted the BCI project that was nominated, and introduction and discussion chapters provide supporting information and explore trends that are reflected in the annual awards each year. One of the prominent trends in recent years has been BCIs for new patient groups, and many chapters in this book present emerging research directions that might become more prevalent in the near future.

Physics in Biology and Medicine, Fourth Edition, covers topics in physics as they apply to the life sciences, specifically medicine, physiology, nursing and other applied health fields. This is a concise introductory paperback that provides practical techniques for applying knowledge of physics to the study of living systems and presents material in a straightforward manner requiring very little background in physics or biology. Applicable courses are Biophysics and Applied Physics. This new edition discusses biological systems that can be analyzed quantitatively, and how advances in the life sciences have been aided by the knowledge of physical or engineering analysis techniques. The volume is organized into 18 chapters encompassing thermodynamics, electricity, optics, sound, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and atomic and nuclear physics. Each chapter provides a brief review of the background physics before focusing on the applications of physics to biology and medicine. Topics range from the role of diffusion in the functioning of cells to the effect of surface tension on the growth of plants in soil and the conduction of impulses along the nervous system. Each section contains problems that explore and expand some of the concepts. The text includes many figures, examples and illustrative problems and appendices which provide convenient access to the most important concepts of mechanics, electricity, and optics in the body. Physics in Biology and Medicine will be a valuable resource for students and professors of physics, biology, and medicine, as well as for applied health workers.

This book introduces and reviews all of the currently available methods being used for computational electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis, from the fundamentals through to the state-of-the-art. The aim of the book is to help biomedical engineers and medical doctors who use EEG to better understand the methods and applications of computational EEG analysis from a single, well-organized resource. Following a brief introduction to the principles of EEG and acquisition techniques, the book is divided into two main sections. The first of these covers analysis methods, beginning with preprocessing, and then describing EEG spectral analysis, event-related potential analysis, source imaging and multimodal neuroimaging, and functional connectivity analysis. The following section covers application of EEG analysis to specific fields, including the diagnosis of psychiatric diseases and neurological disorders, brain-computer interfacing, and social neuroscience. Aimed at practicing medical specialists, engineers, researchers and advanced students, the book features contributions from world-renowned biomedical engineers working across a broad spectrum of computational EEG analysis techniques and EEG applications.

Brachytherapy remains an important component of radical radiation therapy in the modern management of cancer. Widespread adoption of remote afterloading now enables brachytherapy to be delivered with minimum exposure to staff and other patients. Technical advances in imaging and computing power have improved the precision of implantation and complex dosimetry can now be achieved in routine practice. The advantages of direct placement of the radiation source into the area to be treated, overcoming the problems of patient and organ movement, together with the dosimetric advantages inherent in brachytherapy, will ensure that modern brachytheraoy continues to provide the optimal means of delivering accurate high does radiation therapy for many patients.
Fully updated for the second edition, this book provides practical guidance on the use of brachytherapy. Each chapter gives the reader a solid background in the physics and dosimetry of the technique, followed by practical information on its use in common disease sites. Whilst low, medium, and high dose rate techniques are covered, emphasis is placed on high dose rate afterloading techniques which are likely to replace most other forms of brachytherapy in the future.
ABOUT THE SERIES:
Radiotherapy remains the major non-surgical treatment modality for the management of malignant disease. It is based on the application of the principles of applied physics, radiobiology, and tumour biology to clinical practice. Each volume in this series takes the reader through the basic principles of the use of ionising radiation and then develops this by individual sites. This series of practical handbooks are aimed at physicians both training and practising in radiotherapy, as well as medical physicists, dosimetrists, radiographers and senior nurses.

Radioisotope therapy is an internal form of radiation used to treat cancer; it may be administered orally or intravenously and represents the nearest treatment option to the 'magic bullet', specifically targeting sites of disease whilst sparing surrounding normal tissues. Radioisotope therapy has an important role to play in modern medicine, particularly in the treatment of thyroid disease, neuroendocrine tumours, bone metastasis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is found in both the diagnostic setting and in therapy, but recently there has been a renaissance in the application of radioisotope unsealed sources in therapeutic indications. It is an active area of research, with the quest for new compounds that will be specific for therapeutic targets. This book is an essential, practical guide to the use of radioisotope therapy, and also includes the background and developmental biology which underpins its use. Individual tumours and diseases are explored, with specific focus given to radioisotope treatment options. The barriers to radioisotope therapy, such as ease of access, acquisition of radioisotopes, radiation protection regulations, and cost are also discussed. ABOUT THE SERIES Radiotherapy remains the major non-surgical treatment modality for the management of malignant disease, with over 50% of patients receiving treatment at some time during the management of their malignant disease. It is based on the application of the principles of applied physics, radiobiology, and tumour biology to clinical practice. Each volume in this series takes the reader through the basic principles of different types of radiotherapy, and then develops these by individual sites. This series of practical handbooks are aimed at physicians both training and practising in radiotherapy, as well as medical physicists, dosimetrists, radiographers and senior nurses.

Radiotherapy has been one of the principal modalities for the treatment of malignant disease for more than 50 years. From the outset, its advancement has depended on the work of physicists and engineers, in particular for the development of high-energy accelerators for X-ray and electron beams, and in the production of radioactive sources. In addition, the clinical application of ionizing radiations for therapy is based on the foundation of dosimetric concepts and instrumentation. Medical physics plays a pivotal role in many areas, including treatment equipment, dosimetry, treatment planning, and radiation protection.

Radiotherapy physics, second edition is a comprehensive, practical introduction to radiotherapy physics. It provides detailed descriptions of current techniques, written by experienced practitioners who review current methods and give specific guidance in their own areas of expertise. This new edition reflects the significant changes that have occurred in radiotherapy equipment and techniques - the routine use of MLCs, the delivery of IMRT, advances in imaging technology for planning (eg MRI, CT-simulator) and for treatment verification (EPIDs). There have also been significant changes in dosimetry, which have resulted in new dosimetry protocols. Trainee and qualified medical physicists, radiographers, radiation oncologists, and other personnel involved in radiotherapy will find this book to be an excellent guide to this important specialty.

The first section of this volume corresponds to courses on the cytoskeleton, its various structures and its dynamics, especially during the cell cycle. The reductionist approach is favoured in this field and considerable effort is spent on finding out how these structures are built up from their component molecules, how they grow or decrease in size, how they interact with each other and with other cell components. The second section describes the endo membrane system of a eukaryotic cell and the regulated protein traffic that flows through it. Part III deals with the onset of higher levels of organization. Topics covered include the development of the central nervous system, the role of time in biology and theoretical models to describe biochemical and cellular oscillations. The volume concludes with a reflection on physics and biology and the author shares some of his thoughts on the different ways in which physicists and biologists tackle problems in their respective fields.

Urologists have long used urinary stents in patients who have - or who are at risk of developing - an obstruction or blockage of the kidney. These rodlike devices are inserted into the ureter to keep the canal open or to help with healing after trauma, surgery or radiotherapy. More recently the use of stents for the prostate and urethra has also become more widespread, despite poor results in first generation models. Constant development has led to the introduction of second generation stents with a variety of designs, materials and coatings. These have gone a long way to counter the traditional side effects such as irritation, hematuria, infection and encrustation. Handbook of Urinary Stents has been written to provide urologists with a practical guide to the various new models for stenting. The book describes the various stents available; the criteria for their selection; their clinical application and potential complications of use. At the same time, the book provides thorough descriptions of relevant physiology and pathophysiology for those requiring deeper understanding of the subject. Key Points Provides a comprehensive, timely review for urologists needing an accessible guide to the range of stents available Chapters highlight the use of stents in special populations such as children and patients with transplanted ureter Emphasis on clinical complications following the use of stents and how to manage them effectively

This is a readable and attractively presented textbook on fluid flow in biological systems that includes flow through blood vessels, pulsatile flow, and pattern formation. It bridges the divide among biomedical engineering students between those with an engineering and those with a bio-scientific background, by offering guidance in both physiological and mathematical aspects of the subject. Every chapter includes surprising, amusing, and stimulating effects that the reader may want to experiment on their own. Brief historical vignettes are also included throughout this book. We in the 21st century can so easily turn to the computer to provide a solution, that we forget the extraordinary sparks of insight that scientists in centuries past had to rely on to provide us with the foundational understanding and analytical tools that we now depend on. This book is an attempt to maintain our roots in past investigations, while giving us wings to explore future ones.

Gain mastery over the fundamentals of radiation oncology physics! This package gives you over 60 tutorial videos (each 15-20 minutes in length) with a companion text, providing the most complete and effective introduction available. Dr. Ford has tested this approach in formal instruction for years with outstanding results. The text includes extensive problem sets for each chapter. The videos include embedded quizzes and "whiteboard" screen technology to facilitate comprehension. Together, this provides a valuable learning tool both for training purposes and as a refresher for those in practice. Key Features A complete learning package for radiation oncology physics, including a full series of video tutorials with an associated textbook companion website Clearly drawn, simple illustrations throughout the videos and text Embedded quiz feature in the video tutorials for testing comprehension while viewing Each chapter includes problem sets (solutions available to educators)

Das Aachener Steinkohlengebiet zeichnet sich im Vergleich zu den Steinkohlen lagerstiitten des niederrheinisch-westfiilischen Gebietes durch eine groBe tek tonische und stratigraphische Mannigfaltigkeit aus. Trotz jahrelanger Forschungen auf dies em Gebiet ist es auch heute noch in der Praxis nicht moglich, eine sichere Identifizierung der FlOze an Hand einfacher Untersuchungsmethoden vorzuneh men. Eine gleichmiiBige Ausbildung der Gesteinsschichten ist nur flir regional eng begrenzte Riiume zu erwarten, und die Aufstellung eines fiir das gesamte Gebiet giiltigen Normalprofils ist nicht moglich. Selbst die fiir einzelne Gruben angefertig ten Schichtenprofile lassen nur anniiherungsweise Schliisse auf die Ablagerungsfol ge in diesem beschriinkten Gebiet zu. In der Hoffnung, weitere, bisher nicht beriicksichtigte, charakteristische Merk male der Gesteine aufzuspiiren, die moglicherweise zur Identifizierung der FlOze herangezogen werden konnten, wurden die Untersuchungen der Radioaktivitiit der Sedimente im Aachener Raum begonnen. In den letzten Jahren wurden eine Reihe von Arbeiten, die sich mit Radioaktivitiits messungen befassen, veroffentlicht. So beschrieb KOHL in seiner Monographie iiber das Vorkommen von Uran ( 17], 1954) und anderen Aufsiitzen ( 19], 1951) die Bemiihungen franzosicher Wissenschaftler urn die Auffindung mariner Hori zonte mittels Radioaktivitiitsmessungen. Marine Schichten weisen im Gebiet von Valenciennes eine bis zu zehnfach hoheren Radiumgehalt als nichtmarine Sedi mente auf. Als Grund fiir diese Erscheinungen werden sekundiire Absorptions effekte von Uran an Tonmineralien bzw. die Ausfiillung von Radium aus dem Meerwasser wiihrend der Sedimentation ( 18], 1951) angenommen."

Recent advances witness the potential to employ nanomedicine and game-changing methods to deliver drug molecules directly to diseased sites. To optimize and then enhance the efficacy and specificity, the control and guidance of drug carriers in vasculature has become crucial. Current bottlenecks in the optimal design of drug carrying particles are the lack of knowledge about the transport of particles, adhesion on endothelium wall and subsequent internalization into diseased cells. To study the transport and adhesion of particle in vasculature, the authors have made great efforts to numerically investigate the dynamic and adhesive motions of particles in the blood flow. This book discusses the recent achievements from the establishment of fundamental physical problem to development of multiscale model, and finally large scale simulations for understanding transport of particle-based drug carriers in blood flow.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

3 der Spannung durchdringender, harter werden, ist also ebenfalls eine Folge der Quantengleichung (vgI. ds. Handb., 2. Auf I., Bd. XXIII/2, Kap. 2). Der lichtelektrische Effekt im Rontgengebiet, d. h. die Auslosung sekundarer Elektronen durch monochromatische Rontgenstrahlen, ist bisher noch nicht zur genauen Bestimmung von h verwertet worden. Zwar ist die beim lichtelektrischen Effekt im optischen Gebiet wesentliche "Austrittsarbeit" P von wenigen Volt gegeniiber der nach vielen tausend Volt zahlenden Geschwindigkeit der Elek tronen, die die Rontgenstrahlen erzeugen, nur eine unbedeutende Korrektions groBe; dafiir tritt aber die Ablosearbeit der fest ans Atom gebundenen, inneren Atomelektronen in Wirksamkeit, die von ahnlicher GroBe wie die Quanten energie h. y der aus16senden Rontgenstrahlen ist. Die groBte Intensitat der sekundaren Elektronen besitzen gerade die festgebundenen Elektronen, fiir deren Abtrennung die wirksame Quantenenergie eben hinreicht; zugleich treten aber auch Elektronen aus dem bestrahlten Korper aus, die aus anderen Energie stufen des Atoms stammen, und es ist bisher noch nicht gelungen, die Geschwindig keit der entstehenden, verschieden schnellen Elektronen so genau zu messen, daB die hieraus abgeleitete h-Bestimmung an die Genauigkeit der anderen Me 1 thoden heranreichte Auch die ElektronenstoBmethode ist im Rontgengebiet prinzipiell anwendbar. Es ist niimlich, ahnlich wie im optischen Gebiet, eine durch die Quantengleichung scharf bestimmte Geschwindigkeit der Elektronen erforderlich, urn die Rontgen spektrallinien zu erzeugen, allerdings entstehen alle Linien einer "Serie" (z. B. der K-Serie) auf einmal, wenn die kiirzestwellige Linie dieser Serie erregt wird."

Das vorliegende Buch ist als Fortsetzung der "Probleme der Zellteilung" gedacht, deren Inhalt daher als bekannt vorausgesetzt wird. Ich habe jede Wiederholung des im ersten Bande Ent haltenen vermieden und fuhre den Leser sofort in medias res ein. Es wird sicher auffallen, dass im Gegensatz zum ersten Bande das Problem der Zellteilung als solches ganz in den Hintergrund tritt und gar nicht diskutiert wird. Es zeigte sich namlich in den letzten Jahren immer mehr, dass hier ein weiteres Vordringen auf dem von uns eingeschlagenen Wege eine gewaltige Vorarbeit auf anderen Gebieten der mitogenetischen Strahlungsforschung voraussetzte, die uns in den verflossenen Jahren vollstandig in Anspruch nahm, aber jetzt zu einem gewissen, partiellen Ab schlusse gelangte, da die wesentlichen Vorbedingungen des Zu standekommens des mitogenetischen Effektes gegenwartig als einigermassen geklart gelten durften. Das Buch ist im ubrigen in viel geringerem Masse eine Zu sammenfassung des bisher Veroffentlichten, als eine abgerundete Darstellung und theoretische Verwertung einer sehr grossen Anzahl neuerer Ergebnisse, sowohl aus unserem Laboratorium, wie auch von fremden Forschern, die mir ihre Ergebnisse in freundlicher Weise zur Verfugung stellten. Die ganze Lehre von der mito genetischen Strahlung erhalt nunmehr ein in manchen Zugen vollig neues Gewand, welches hoffentlich zur Klarung der noch bestehenden Missverstandnisse fuhren wird. Denn anders als mit diesem Namen kann ich die vereinzelten skeptischen Ausserungen der allerletzten Zeit nicht bezeichnen."

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.