This highly-readable account of the nature of the hazards presented by ionizing radiation and the methods of protection is an ideal introductory text for those new to the field, and for the non-specialist. The seventh edition continues to cover the technical principles underlying the control of radiation hazards, radiation detection and measurement and the biological effects of radiation, followed by a consideration of industry-specific radiation protection issues. Further specialised topics include risk assessment, waste management and decommissioning, radiological emergencies, relevant legislation and organizational issues and, new to this edition, environmental radiation protection.

The first in a three-volume set exploring Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, this volume explores common questions and their solutions in Diagnostic Imaging. This invaluable study guide should be used in conjunction with other key textbooks in the field to provide additional learning opportunities. It contains key imaging modalities, exploring X-ray, mammography, and fluoroscopy, in addition to computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. Each chapter provides examples, notes, and references for further reading to enhance understanding. Features: Consolidates concepts and assists in the understanding and applications of theoretical concepts in medical physics Assists lecturers and instructors in setting assignments and tests Suitable as a revision tool for postgraduate students sitting medical physics, oncology, and radiology sciences examinations

Good and effective treatment in radiotherapy requires careful consideration of the complex variables involved as well as critical assessment of the techniques. This new edition of an established classic takes into account advances in imaging and treatment delivery and reflects the current state of the art in the practice of radiotherapy, emphasizing the underlying principles of treatment that can be applied for conventional, conformal, and novel treatments.

This book aims to explain radiation from a somewhat different aspect than its traditional image as something that is scary, dangerous, hazardous, and so on, to produce the correct understanding that radiation is carrying energy, and to convince readers that radiation is not "scary" but controllable and useful. As for radiation itself, many introductions or textbooks have been published, as in radiochemistry, radiobiology, and radiology. In most of them, the biological effects of radiation exposure are the main subjects, which often enhance the feeling that radiation is dangerous, and the effects produced by lower-dose exposure that are difficult to see are hardly discussed. The present volume mainly focuses on how radiation carries energy, how energy is absorbed in substances as absorbed doses (Gy) or dose equivalents (Sv), how damages or risks appear with the absorbed dose and why the effects of the exposure appear quite differently, depending on properties of the substances that were exposed.

Remote health monitoring using wearable sensors is an important research area involving several key steps: physiological parameter sensing and data acquisition, data analysis, data security, data transmission to caregivers, and clinical intervention, all of which play a significant role to form a closed loop system. Subject-specific behavioral and clinical traits, coupled with individual physiological differences, necessitate a personalized healthcare delivery model for around-the-clock monitoring within the home environment. Cardiovascular disease monitoring is an illustrative application domain where research has been instrumental in enabling a personalized closed-loop monitoring system, which has been showcased in this book. Health Monitoring Systems: An Enabling Technology for Patient Care provides a holistic overview of state-of-the-art monitoring systems facilitated by Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The book lists out the details on biomedical signal acquisition, processing, and data security, the fundamental building blocks towards an ambulatory health monitoring infrastructure. The fundamentals have been complimented with other relevant topics including applications which provide an in-depth view on remote health monitoring systems. Key Features: Presents examples of state-of-the-art health monitoring systems using IoT infrastructure Covers the full spectrum of physiological sensing, data acquisition, processing, and data security Provides relevant example applications demonstrating the benefits of technological advancements aiding disease prognosis This book serves as a beginner's guide for engineering students of electrical and computer science, practicing engineers, researchers, and scientists who are interested in having an overview of pervasive health monitoring systems using body-worn sensors operating outside the hospital environment. It could also be recommended as a reference for a graduate or master's level course on biomedical instrumentation and signal processing.

Radiosensitizers and Radiochemotherapy in the Treatment of Cancer catalogs and describes the mechanism of action for entities characterized as radiosensitizers. Developments in the biological and physical sciences have introduced new radiosensitizers and defined novel targets for radiosensitization. As a result, a book about radiosensitization must now address a huge range of topics, covering everything from molecular oxygen and high Z elements to monoclonal antibodies and complex phytochemicals. At the molecular level, the understanding of the molecular consequences of DNA damage and the DNA damage response have informed the development of targeted radiosensitizers and shed light on the mode of action of radiochemotherapy protocols of known clinical efficacy. In this book the mechanisms of action at the molecular and cellular level are described for documented radiosensitizers including, where applicable, a brief history of their clinical use and most recent clinical results. In addition, the clinical context is addressed including the importance of factors such as dose and dose rate, normal tissue toxicity, and drug delivery. Intuitively organized by topic and application, the book includes extensive illustrations, end-of-chapter summaries, and a wealth of references.

Since the discovery of the x-ray over 125 years ago, scientists and medical professionals alike have harnessed the power of the atom to heal and protect. This book brings together an all-star cast of high-profile and award-winning scholars, introducing the general readership to an often unnoticed yet societally vital profession - medical physics. This collection of personal short stories offers an informal, behind-the-scenes glimpse into the lives of these esteemed professionals, encapsulating their transformative "aha" moments within a whimsical hodgepodge of instructive and inspiring anecdotes. They even pass on words of wisdom discovered from their diverse experiences throughout the academic, clinical, and commercial worlds. The wealth of information packed into these vignettes runs the gamut from practical career advice to lighthearted tales of humorous misadventure, providing a tremendous overview of the breadth and depth of medical physics as a career and discipline while imparting sage advice that extends well beyond the field. In his Foreword to this book Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides his strong endorsement of the life-saving work carried out by medical physicists and the profession as a whole. From the general public to the budding student in search of career guidance, as well as young and seasoned practicing professionals, these thought-provoking, witty, and simply entertaining "untold stories" encourage the reader to reflect on and ponder the many enduring lessons born from unexpected life-turning events.

The first in a three-volume set exploring Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, this volume explores common questions and their solutions in Diagnostic Imaging. This invaluable study guide should be used in conjunction with other key textbooks in the field to provide additional learning opportunities. It contains key imaging modalities, exploring X-ray, mammography, and fluoroscopy, in addition to computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. Each chapter provides examples, notes, and references for further reading to enhance understanding. Features: Consolidates concepts and assists in the understanding and applications of theoretical concepts in medical physics Assists lecturers and instructors in setting assignments and tests Suitable as a revision tool for postgraduate students sitting medical physics, oncology, and radiology sciences examinations

Hadron therapy is a groundbreaking new method of treating cancer. Boasting greater precision than other therapies, this therapy is now utilised in many clinical settings and the field is growing. More than 50 medical facilities currently perform (or are planned to perform) this treatment, with this number set to double by 2020. This new text covers the most recent advances in hadron therapy, exploring the physics, technology, biology, diagnosis, clinical applications, and economics behind the therapy. Providing essential and up-to-date information on recent developments in the field, this book will be of interest to current and aspiring specialists from a wide range of backgrounds. Features: Multidisciplinary approach: explores the physics, IT (big data), biology, clinical applications from imaging to treatment, clinical trials, and economics associated with hadron therapy Contains the latest research and developments in this rapidly evolving field, and integrates them into the current global challenges for radiation therapy Edited by recognised leaders in the field, including the co-ordinator of ENLIGHT (the European Network for Light Ion Hadron Therapy), with chapter contributions from international leading experts in the field

Offering the latest information in magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) research, this book builds upon the success of the first volume and provides an updated and comprehensive review, from synthesis, characterization, and biofunctionalization to clinical applications of MNPs, including the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The book captures some of emerging research area which was not available in the first volume. Good Manufacturing Practices and Commercialization of MNPs are also included. This volume, also written by some of the most qualified experts in the field, incorporates new developments in the literature, and continues to bridge the gaps between the different areas in this field.

This book explores outcome modeling in cancer from a data-centric perspective to enable a better understanding of complex treatment response, to guide the design of advanced clinical trials, and to aid personalized patient care and improve their quality of life. It contains coverage of the relevant data sources available for model construction (panomics), ranging from clinical or preclinical resources to basic patient and treatment characteristics, medical imaging (radiomics), and molecular biological markers such as those involved in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. It also includes discussions on the varying methodologies for predictive model building with analytical and data-driven approaches. This book is primarily intended to act as a tutorial for newcomers to the field of outcome modeling, as it includes in-depth how-to recipes on modeling artistry while providing sufficient instruction on how such models can approximate the physical and biological realities of clinical treatment. The book will also be of value to seasoned practitioners as a reference on the varying aspects of outcome modeling and their current applications. Features: Covers top-down approaches applying statistical, machine learning, and big data analytics and bottom-up approaches using first principles and multi-scale techniques, including numerical simulations based on Monte Carlo and automata techniques Provides an overview of the available software tools and resources for outcome model development and evaluation, and includes hands-on detailed examples throughout Presents a diverse selection of the common applications of outcome modeling in a wide variety of areas: treatment planning in radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, utility-based and biomarker applications, particle therapy modeling, oncological surgery, and the design of adaptive and SMART clinical trials

This book is designed to convey as much information as possible in a concise and simple way to make it suitable for students, researchers and clinical medical physicists. Better meanings, codes and examples are included. Most of the basics are also covered for easy reference along with a glossary of objective-type questions. Upon completion of this textbook, the readers will gather knowledge about the physics, chemistry and biology of the human body towards cancer treatment using radiation.

This book aims to examine all immunohistochemical and molecular pathological biomarkers that can be useful and effective in patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision, especially when faced with a carcinoma of unknown primary. For this purpose, epithelial malignancies of all systems and related biomarkers are examined one by one, and to look at the subject through the metastatic regions window, biomarkers that can be used to determine the primary focus for carcinomas seen in the areas most frequently metastasized are emphasized. With this bi-directional perspective, the reader is able to find biomarkers of any type of carcinoma on a system basis, as well as access to which biomarkers can be used when faced with a metastatic carcinoma. The importance of biomarkers in patient follow-up and treatment is also conveyed through the clinician's eye, and so biomarkers are handled with a holistic approach in all aspects. This book primarily targets pathologists, as well as clinicians (oncologists and surgeons) who manage cancer patients.

This book explains the exciting field of sonomyography (SMG), which makes it possible to use continuous signals detected by ultrasound images in real time to evaluate muscle functions. After an introduction, the book discusses the methods to extract and analyse different SMG signals, including muscle thickness, penetration angle, fascicle length, contraction activity, and muscle cross-sectional areas, etc. It then describes the mono-modal applications of sonomyography: posture recognition, prosthesis control, muscle training, muscle strength (fall risk assessment), fatigue assessment, and the assessment of dysfunctional muscles. The book also shows how to combine sonomyography with additional muscle assessment methods, in particular EMG, MMG, and motion sensors. Lastly, it provides an overview of the potential applications in sport science, rehabilitation, fitness, and elderly health.

This book discusses multiple aspects of radiological and nuclear terrorism. Do you know what to do if there is a radiological or nuclear emergency in your city? These accidents are not common, but they have happened - and even though we have not seen an attack using these weapons, governments around the world are making plans for how to prevent them - and for how to respond if necessary. Whether you are an emergency responder, a medical caregiver, a public health official - even a member of the public wanting to know how to keep yourself and your loved ones safe - there is a need to understand how these weapons work, how radiation affects our health, how to stop an attack from taking place, how to respond appropriately in the event of an emergency, and much more. Unfortunately, the knowledge that is needed to accomplish all of this is lacking at all levels of society and government. In this book, Dr. Andrew Karam, an internationally respected expert in radiation safety and multiple aspects of radiological and nuclear emergencies, discusses how these weapons work and what they can do, how they can affect our health, how to keep yourself safe, and how to react appropriately whether you are a police officer investigating a suspect radiological weapon, a firefighter responding to a radiological or nuclear attack, a nurse or physician caring for potentially contaminated patients, or a governmental official trying to keep the public safe. To do this, he draws upon his extensive experience in the military, the several years he worked directly with emergency responders, his service on a number of advisory committees, and multiple trips overseas in the aftermath of the Fukushima accident and on behalf of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Interpol, and the Health Physics Society.

This book recounts the developments of fundamental electrodynamics from Ampère's investigation of the forces between electric currents to Einstein's introduction of a new doctrine of space and time. The emphasis is on the diverse, evolving practices of electrodynamics and the interactions between the corresponding scientific traditions. A richly documented, clearly written, and abundantly illustrated history of the subject.

This book gives important details of how surgery of the hip joint has evolved around the world. The 22 original chapters are written by experienced consultants, including Drs. John O'Donnell (Melbourne, Australia), Manfred Krieger and Ilan Elias (Frankfurt, Germany), and Nicholas Goddard (London, U.K.). Each chapter is accompanied by excellent, unique figures and references at the end for further reading. The book focuses on several important topics such as the direct anterior approach to the hip joint, setup of a total hip in a day, early experiences in outpatient hip surgery, advances in short-stem total hip arthroplasty (which is becoming increasingly popular in Europe and also worldwide), advances in hemophilic hip joint arthropathy, mesenchymal stem cell treatment of cartilage lesions in the hip over the next few decades, and minimally invasive surgery of the hip joint. This book is a must-have and invaluable reference for any student interested in the progress in hip joint surgery

This new book educates readers about new technologies before they appear in hospitals, enabling medical physicists and clinicians to prepare for new technologies thoroughly and proactively, and provide better patient care once new equipment becomes available. Emerging technologies in imaging, treatment planning, treatment delivery, dosimetry and informatics are all discussed. The book is divided into three parts: recently developed technologies available for practice; technologies under development nearing completion; and technologies in an early stage of development that could have potential radiotherapy applications. Features: Introduces emerging technologies in imaging, treatment planning, treatment delivery, dosimetry and informatics The advantages and limitations of each technology in clinical settings are discussed, and recommendations on how to adopt the technologies are provided Critiques and improvement points are provided for researchers, in addition to suggestions on how to prepare quality assurance are provided as needed

This book covers various quantitative methods for preprocessing and analyzing human EEG signals. It presents a holistic approach to quantitative EEG from its neurological basis to simultaneous EEG and fMRI studies. Equal emphasis is given to major mathematical and statistical theories and computational techniques that have been in use in qEEG and their applications on clinical and laboratory experimental EEG. The book is compact and self-contained, requiring no background in EEG processing or acquisition and quantitative techniques.

In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine. Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

This book presents state-of-the-art experimental and modelling techniques for skin biophysics that are currently used in academic and industrial research. It also identifies current and future challenges, as well as a growing number of opportunities in this exciting research field. The book covers the basics of skin physiology, biology, microstructural and material properties, and progressively introduces the reader to established experimental characterisation protocols and modelling approaches. Advanced topics in modelling theories and numerical implementation are also presented. The book focusses especially on: 1. Basic physiology, molecular biology, microstructural and material properties of the skin. 2. Experimental characterisation techniques for the skin (including imaging): in vivo and in vitro techniques and combination of those with in silico approaches. 3. State-of-the-art constitutive models of the skin: elastic, anelastic and mechanobiological formulations (e.g. growth, ageing, healing). 4. Applications: mechanics, damage, biological growth, healing, ageing and skin tribology. This book is addressed to postgraduate students in biomedical/mechanical/civil engineering, (bio)physics and applied mathematics, postdoctoral researchers, as well as scientists and engineers working in academia and industry engaged in skin research, particularly, if at the cross-roads of physical experiments, imaging and modelling. The book is also be of interest to clinicians/biologists who wish to learn about the possibilities offered by modern engineering techniques for skin science research and, by so doing, provide them with an incentive to broaden their outlook, engage more widely with the non-clinical research communities and, ultimately, help cross-fertilising new ideas that will lead to better treatment plans and engineering solutions.

This book describes the state of the art across the broad range of spectroscopic techniques used in the study of biological systems. It reviews some of the latest advances achieved in the application of these techniques in the analysis and characterization of small and large biological compounds, covering topics such as VUV/UV and UV-visible spectroscopies, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR and Raman techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (CD/SR-CD), pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, Moessbauer spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray methods and electron and ion impact spectroscopies. The second part of the book focuses on modelling methods and illustrates how these tools have been used and integrated with other experimental and theoretical techniques including also electron transfer processes and fast kinetics methods. The book will benefit students, researchers and professionals working with these techniques to understand the fundamental mechanisms of biological systems.

This third edition provides 2900 multiple choice questions on human anatomy and physiology, and some biophysical science, separated into 20 chapters and 68 categories. In addition, there are 64 essay topics. The answer to each question is accompanied by an explanation. Each chapter has an introduction to set the scene for the questions to come. However, not all possible information is provided within these Introductions, so an Anatomy and Physiology textbook is an indispensable aid to understanding the answers. The textbook offers a more holistic approach to the subjects of anatomy and physiology by also including biomechanics, biophysics and biochemistry. The questions have been used in end-of-semester examinations for undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses, and as such, reflect the focus of these particular courses and are pitched at this level to challenge students that are beginning their training in anatomy and physiology. The question and answer combinations are intended for use by teachers, to select questions for their next examinations, and by students, when studying for an upcoming test. Students enrolled in the courses for which these questions were written include nursing, midwifery, paramedic, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, nutrition and dietetics, health sciences, exercise science, and students taking an anatomy and physiology course as an elective.

This thesis describes the design, development, characterisation and clinical translation of three novel devices for optical endoscopic imaging. Over the past decade, rapid innovation in optics and photonics has led to the availability of low-cost and high-performance optical technologies that can be exploited for biomedical applications, but relatively few have been translated into clinic. The work presented outlines for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the common barriers and unique challenges associated with the translation of optical imaging techniques. To assist developers streamline translation of optical imaging devices in future, a roadmap to clinical translation is outlined, and key translational characteristics are defined. Guided by these, subsequent development of endoscopic devices resulted in preparation and approval of endoscopes for first in human trials in the oesophagus, for early detection of cancer, and in the brain, for delineation of tumour during surgical resection. The thesis culminates in the presentation of results from the first in human use of a compact multispectral endoscope for imaging endogenous tissue contrast in the oesophagus. With continuation of the work as outlined at the end of this thesis, the novel techniques described have the potential to improve the standard of care in their respective indications.