Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

3 der Spannung durchdringender, harter werden, ist also ebenfalls eine Folge der Quantengleichung (vgI. ds. Handb., 2. Auf I., Bd. XXIII/2, Kap. 2). Der lichtelektrische Effekt im Rontgengebiet, d. h. die Auslosung sekundarer Elektronen durch monochromatische Rontgenstrahlen, ist bisher noch nicht zur genauen Bestimmung von h verwertet worden. Zwar ist die beim lichtelektrischen Effekt im optischen Gebiet wesentliche "Austrittsarbeit" P von wenigen Volt gegeniiber der nach vielen tausend Volt zahlenden Geschwindigkeit der Elek tronen, die die Rontgenstrahlen erzeugen, nur eine unbedeutende Korrektions groBe; dafiir tritt aber die Ablosearbeit der fest ans Atom gebundenen, inneren Atomelektronen in Wirksamkeit, die von ahnlicher GroBe wie die Quanten energie h. y der aus16senden Rontgenstrahlen ist. Die groBte Intensitat der sekundaren Elektronen besitzen gerade die festgebundenen Elektronen, fiir deren Abtrennung die wirksame Quantenenergie eben hinreicht; zugleich treten aber auch Elektronen aus dem bestrahlten Korper aus, die aus anderen Energie stufen des Atoms stammen, und es ist bisher noch nicht gelungen, die Geschwindig keit der entstehenden, verschieden schnellen Elektronen so genau zu messen, daB die hieraus abgeleitete h-Bestimmung an die Genauigkeit der anderen Me 1 thoden heranreichte Auch die ElektronenstoBmethode ist im Rontgengebiet prinzipiell anwendbar. Es ist niimlich, ahnlich wie im optischen Gebiet, eine durch die Quantengleichung scharf bestimmte Geschwindigkeit der Elektronen erforderlich, urn die Rontgen spektrallinien zu erzeugen, allerdings entstehen alle Linien einer "Serie" (z. B. der K-Serie) auf einmal, wenn die kiirzestwellige Linie dieser Serie erregt wird."

Das vorliegende Buch ist als Fortsetzung der "Probleme der Zellteilung" gedacht, deren Inhalt daher als bekannt vorausgesetzt wird. Ich habe jede Wiederholung des im ersten Bande Ent haltenen vermieden und fuhre den Leser sofort in medias res ein. Es wird sicher auffallen, dass im Gegensatz zum ersten Bande das Problem der Zellteilung als solches ganz in den Hintergrund tritt und gar nicht diskutiert wird. Es zeigte sich namlich in den letzten Jahren immer mehr, dass hier ein weiteres Vordringen auf dem von uns eingeschlagenen Wege eine gewaltige Vorarbeit auf anderen Gebieten der mitogenetischen Strahlungsforschung voraussetzte, die uns in den verflossenen Jahren vollstandig in Anspruch nahm, aber jetzt zu einem gewissen, partiellen Ab schlusse gelangte, da die wesentlichen Vorbedingungen des Zu standekommens des mitogenetischen Effektes gegenwartig als einigermassen geklart gelten durften. Das Buch ist im ubrigen in viel geringerem Masse eine Zu sammenfassung des bisher Veroffentlichten, als eine abgerundete Darstellung und theoretische Verwertung einer sehr grossen Anzahl neuerer Ergebnisse, sowohl aus unserem Laboratorium, wie auch von fremden Forschern, die mir ihre Ergebnisse in freundlicher Weise zur Verfugung stellten. Die ganze Lehre von der mito genetischen Strahlung erhalt nunmehr ein in manchen Zugen vollig neues Gewand, welches hoffentlich zur Klarung der noch bestehenden Missverstandnisse fuhren wird. Denn anders als mit diesem Namen kann ich die vereinzelten skeptischen Ausserungen der allerletzten Zeit nicht bezeichnen."

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

In den letzten Jahren wurde ich ofters aufgefordert, vor Horern sehr verschiedenen Bildungsgrades uber die Ergebnisse zu berichten, die die Chemie und insbesondere die Lehre von den chemischen Elementen der radioaktiven Forschung ver dankt. Das grosse. Interesse, das diesen Fragen entgegen gebracht wird, veranlasst mich, in dem vorliegenden Bandchen einen Uberblick uber das genannte Thema zu geben. Da uber die altere Entwickelung des Gebietes, die dem Studium der radioaktiven Umwandlungen der Elemente galt, zahlreiche auch populare Schriften vorliegen, habe ich die Umwandlungstheorie verhaltnismassig kurz behandelt und das Hauptgewicht auf die neuere Lehre von den isotopen Elementen gelegt, wobei auch die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Spektro skopie der Rontgenstrahlen und der Erforschung der Atom struktur gestreift wurden. Die Darstellung wurde auf einem solchen Niveau gehalten, dass sie (bis auf ganz wenige spezielleren Fragen gewidmete Abschnitte) wohl jedem Leser, dem die Grundlagen der Physik und Chemie bekannt sind, verstandlich sein durfte. Ich hoffe aber, dass das Buchlein auch physikalischen und chemischen Fachmannern willkommen sein wird, die die rasche Ent wickelung des Gebietes nicht selbst an der Hand der Original literatur verfolgen konnen."

This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.

Die vorliegende Arbeit bezweckt, eine Ubersicht uber die Untersuchungen an radioaktiven Substanzen zu geben, die ich seit mehr als vier Jahren ausfuhre. Der Ausgangspunkt war eine Untersuchung der von Herrn Becquerel entdeckten Uran strahlen. Die Resultate, zu welchen diese Arbeit mich fuhrte, schienen eine so interessante Perspektive zu eroffnen, dass Herr Curie, unter Aufgabe seiner eigenen Arbeiten, sich mit mir ver einigte und wir gemeinsam auf das Ziel hinarbeiteten, die neuen radioaktiven Substanzen zu extrahiren und naher zu er. forschen. Von Anfang unserer Untersuchungen an hielten wir uns fur verpflichtet, Proben der von uns entdeckten und hergestellten Substanzen an einige Physiker zu verleihen, vor allen Dingen an Herrn Becquerel, den Entdecker der Uran strahlen. So haben wir selbst die Untersuchungen andrer uber die radioaktiven Sub stanzen erleichtert. Bald nach unsren ersten Veroffentlichungen befasste sich auch Herr Giesel in Deutschland mit der Herstellung dieser Substanzrn und verlieh ebenfalls Proben davon an mehrere deutsche Physiker. Spater wurden die Substanzen in Deutsch land und Frankreich in den Handel gebracht und die immer mehr zunehmende Wichtigkeit des Gegenstandes wurde die Veranlassung zu einer wissenschaftlichen Bewegung, so dass zahlreiche Arbeiten uber die radioaktiven Korper erschienen sind und noch fort wahrend erscheinen, vor allem im Ausland. Die verschiedenen franzosischen und auslandischen Arbeiten fuhren naturlich zum Teil zu gleichen Resultaten, wie bei jedem neuen und in Bildung Curie, Untersuchungen Uber radioaktive Substanzen. 1 2 begriffenen Wissenszweig. Das Aussehen der Frage andert sich sozusagen von Tag zu Tag."

Recent advances witness the potential to employ nanomedicine and game-changing methods to deliver drug molecules directly to diseased sites. To optimize and then enhance the efficacy and specificity, the control and guidance of drug carriers in vasculature has become crucial. Current bottlenecks in the optimal design of drug carrying particles are the lack of knowledge about the transport of particles, adhesion on endothelium wall and subsequent internalization into diseased cells. To study the transport and adhesion of particle in vasculature, the authors have made great efforts to numerically investigate the dynamic and adhesive motions of particles in the blood flow. This book discusses the recent achievements from the establishment of fundamental physical problem to development of multiscale model, and finally large scale simulations for understanding transport of particle-based drug carriers in blood flow.

Nanomedicine is a developing field, which includes different disciplines such as material science, chemistry, engineering and medicine devoted to the design, synthesis and construction of high-tech nanostructures. The ability of these structures to have their chemical and physical properties tuned by structural modification, has allowed their use in drug delivery systems, gene therapy delivery, and various types of theranostic approaches. Colloidal noble metal nanoparticles and other nanostructures have many therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The concept of drug targeting as a magic bullet has led to much research in chemical modification to design and optimize the binding to targeted receptors. It is important to understand the precise relationship between the drug and the carrier and its ability to target specific tissues, and pathogens to make an efficient drug delivery system. This book covers advances based on different drug delivery systems: polymeric and hyper branched nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, nature-inspired nanomaterials, and pathogen-based carriers.

This is a readable and attractively presented textbook on fluid flow in biological systems that includes flow through blood vessels, pulsatile flow, and pattern formation. It bridges the divide among biomedical engineering students between those with an engineering and those with a bio-scientific background, by offering guidance in both physiological and mathematical aspects of the subject. Every chapter includes surprising, amusing, and stimulating effects that the reader may want to experiment on their own. Brief historical vignettes are also included throughout this book. We in the 21st century can so easily turn to the computer to provide a solution, that we forget the extraordinary sparks of insight that scientists in centuries past had to rely on to provide us with the foundational understanding and analytical tools that we now depend on. This book is an attempt to maintain our roots in past investigations, while giving us wings to explore future ones.

This book introduces and reviews all of the currently available methods being used for computational electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis, from the fundamentals through to the state-of-the-art. The aim of the book is to help biomedical engineers and medical doctors who use EEG to better understand the methods and applications of computational EEG analysis from a single, well-organized resource. Following a brief introduction to the principles of EEG and acquisition techniques, the book is divided into two main sections. The first of these covers analysis methods, beginning with preprocessing, and then describing EEG spectral analysis, event-related potential analysis, source imaging and multimodal neuroimaging, and functional connectivity analysis. The following section covers application of EEG analysis to specific fields, including the diagnosis of psychiatric diseases and neurological disorders, brain-computer interfacing, and social neuroscience. Aimed at practicing medical specialists, engineers, researchers and advanced students, the book features contributions from world-renowned biomedical engineers working across a broad spectrum of computational EEG analysis techniques and EEG applications.

The new field of physical biology fuses biology and physics. New technologies have allowed researchers to observe the inner workings of the living cell, one cell at a time. With an abundance of new data collected on individual cells, including observations of individual molecules and their interactions, researchers are developing a quantitative, physics-based understanding of life at the molecular level. They are building detailed models of how cells use molecular circuits to gather and process information, signal to each other, manage noise and variability, and adapt to their environment. This book narrows down the scope of physical biology by focusing on the microbial cell. It explores the physical phenomena of noise, feedback, and variability that arise in the cellular information-processing circuits used by bacteria. It looks at the microbe from a physics perspective, to ask how the cell optimizes its function to live within the constraints of physics. It introduces a physical and information based - as opposed to microbiological - perspective on communication and signaling between microbes. The book is aimed at non-expert scientists who wish to understand some of the most important emerging themes of physical biology, and to see how they help us to understand the most basic forms of life.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a very important clinical imaging tool. It combines different fields of physics and engineering in a uniquely complex way. MRI is also surprisingly versatile, 'pulse sequences' can be designed to yield many different types of contrast. This versatility is unique to MRI. This short book gives both an in depth account of the methods used for the operation and construction of modern MRI systems and also the principles of sequence design and many examples of applications. An important additional feature of this book is the detailed discussion of the mathematical principles used in building optimal MRI systems and for sequence design. The mathematical discussion is very suitable for undergraduates attending medical physics courses. It is also more complete than usually found in alternative books for physical scientists or more clinically orientated works.

This title offers printed book plus Pageburst access - you will receive a printed book and access to the complete book content electronically. Pageburst enhances learning by not only bringing world class content to your fingertips but also letting you add to it, annotate it, and categorize it all in a way that suits you. Pageburst frees you to spend more time learning and less time searching. "Principles and Application of Radiological Physics, 6/e" provides comprehensive and easy-to-follow coverage of the principles and application of physics for both diagnostic and therapeutic radiography students. Regardless of changes in technology and clinical grading, the most important role of the radiographer remains unchanged - ensuring the production of high quality images and optimal treatment. These should be performed with the minimum of radiation hazard to patients, staff and others. An understanding of physics and the basics of radiographic technology is essential to do this effectively. The book covers all the physics and mathematics required by undergraduate diagnostic and therapeutic radiography students, catering for those who do not have a mathematics qualification as well as for those who do. In this edition, there is a focus upon application of physics to reflect current teaching approaches. It has completely revised structure, leading from science principles to applications. It features new chapters on CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, RNI, mammography and digital imaging, as well as electronic learning resources for students, hosted on Evolve.

This is an Open Access book. This book is a must-have for healthcare providers and researchers, public health specialists and policy makers who are interested and involved in cancer care in the Arab world. The Arab world consists of 22 countries, which are members of the Arab League and spanning over 13,132,327 km2 with over 423,000,000 population. Over the past few decades, the Arab world has witnessed a swift evolution in healthcare provision. Nonetheless, Arab countries have considerable variability in economic capabilities, resource allocation, and intellectual talent that inevitably reflect on access to modern cancer care and prevention. This book is authored by experts from the Arab world who provide vital information on cancer statistics and risk factors, available clinical care pathways and infrastructure, and prevention programs in their individual countries. The chapters also address specific challenges in each country and insights into future directions to achieve optimal care with conventional and novel diagnostics and therapies to keep up with the era of precision medicine. Special topics of interest and unique to the Arab world are also discussed, such as out of the country's medical tourism for cancer care and cancer care during war and conflict. Other special chapters include: Cancer research in the Arab world, Radiation therapy in Arab World and Pediatric Oncology in the Arab World Cancer in the Arab World is the first comprehensive book that addresses cancer care in depth in all Arab countries and it is endorsed by the prestigious Emirates Oncology Society.

This work covers the medical physics option for the EDEXCEL syllabus. It covers topics such as magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, X-ray and nuclear medicine. Included is a section of exam questions helping students to prepare thoroughly.

Radiosurgery performed with the "Gamma Knife" or on a linac facility is a specific radiotherapy method to treat certain lesions in the brain with a high single radiation dose. Geometric miss of a radiosurgica target is considered the most likely serious error in a stereotactic radiosurgery treatment. Therefore, the issue of quality assurance in stereotactic radiosurgery is a serious one for neurosurgeons, physicists, patients and those of us who wish to analyze the results of radiosurgery. The purpose of this book is to offer and describe a quality assurance program and procedures of the physical and technical aspects through identifying the sources of possible errors and suggesting quality assurance tests that should be performed in order for a stereotactic system to be used clinically.

Physics and Instrumentation of Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Peter Fish. University of Wales -- Bangor, School of Electronic Engineering Science, and Gwynedd and Clwyd Health Authorities, Department of Medical Physics. The field of diagnostic medical ultrasound is constantly changing as new equipment and techniques are developed and refined. The use of ultrasound is increasing rapidly throughout the world and consequently a knowledge of the underlying scientific principles and instrument operation has become an essential part of medical ultrasound courses. This book provides a concise, highly illustrated description of physics and instrumentation of diagnostic medical ultrasound and includes substantial coverage of Doppler techniques and real-time instruments. It will be of great value to sonographers, radiographers, radiologists, medical physicists and technicians as an aid to the study of the clinical use of diagnostic ultrasound, and as an excellent introduction for those intending to investigate the subject in greater depth. Other Wiley Books of Related Interest Include: Doppler Ultrasound: Physics, Instrumentation, and Clinical Applications D. H. Evans, W. N. McDicken, R. Skidmore, J. P. Woodcock 1989 Clinical Magnetic Resonance: Imaging and Spectroscopy R. Andrew, G. Bydder, J. R. Griffiths, R. A. Iles, P. Styles 1990 Ultrasound Teaching Cases Volume 1 H. B. Meire, K. C. Dewbury, D. O. Cosgrove 1988 Ultrasound Teaching Cases Volume 2 K. C. Dewbury, H. B. Meire, D. O. Cosgrove 1988

This book focuses on the conventional and emerging applications of radiations, which include radio waves and ultraviolet and gamma radiations. It discusses new techniques in radiation therapy and the effects of ionizing radiations on biological systems. The applications of radiations in the synthesis and use of nanoparticles along with the effects of hypergravity indicate a new trend. The book offers a concise account of the latest studies carried out so far and shows the new initiatives to be undertaken in the field of medicine and biology. It covers the medical use of radiations, such as ferrous sulfate-benzoic acid-xylenol orange dosimetry, Co-60 tomotherapy, radio-electro-chemotherapy, and fractional radiotherapy, and radiobiological effects, such as the effects of cell phone radiations on human health parameters and the combined effects of radiations and hypergravity on plants.

Brachytherapy is continuously advancing. Years of accumulated experience have led to clinical evidence of its benefit in numerous clinical sites such as gynecological, prostate, breast, rectum, ocular, and many other cancers. Brachytherapy continues to expand in its scope of practice and complexity, driven by strong academic and commercial research, by advances in competing modalities, and due to the diversity in the political and economic landscape. It is a true challenge for practicing professionals and students to readily grasp the overarching trends of the field, especially of those technologies and innovative practices that are not yet established but are certainly on the rise. Addressing this challenge, Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy presents a comprehensive collection of chapters on the latest trending/emerging technologies and expert opinions. It is divided into five broad sections: Section I: Physics of Brachytherapy Section II: Imaging for Brachytherapy Guidance Section III: Brachytherapy Suites Section IV: Is Brachytherapy a Competitive Modality? Section V: Vision 20/20: Industry Perspective Each section has a carefully selected collection of chapters, which covers the spectrum of topics in comprehensive detail. By drawing on recognized experts and key opinion leaders from academia and commercial sectors worldwide (100+ contributors), Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy provides readers with a wealth of relevant information needed to comprehend the rapidly advancing technologies and trends of today and the prospects for the future.

Dosimetry refers to the calculation and assessment of the radiation dose received by the human body. The proposed book will place emphasis on the existence of physical and biophysical dosimetry. It will be discussed for the proper description and evaluation of the signal at the power generation system. It will cover in detail 10 different parameters of EMF (electromagnetism) exposure such as amplitude, frequency, vector, time of exposure, orientation, etc. In most published papers, these parameters are not well defined.