The book summarises the current understanding of the Nervous -, Endocrine and Immune systems with emphasis on shared mediators and receptors and functional interaction. In addition to the fundamental physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms, which are presented in detail, some clinically relevant subjects are also presented, such as inflammation, asthma and allergy, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency and the acute phase response.

- A comprehensive presentation of neuroimmune biology
- Introduces the subject matter to the uninformed reader
- Contains basic information, theoretical considerations and up-to-date clinical chapters
- The clinical chapters will be helpful to practising physicians

This book focuses on extrapyramidal signs and symptoms of all types of dementia, and addresses the issue of the artificial boundary between dementias and Parkinsonism, which represent the two most common symptoms found in degenerative central nervous system diseases. In Movement Disorders in Dementias, movement disorder specialists from around the world write on topics generally restricted to dementia experts. Important motor issues related to either medication in demented patients (drug-induced movement disorders) or manifestations common to all forms of dementia, regardless of underlying cause (gait disorders, falls, fear of falling), is followed by analysis of the relationship between motor and cognitive symptoms, from their common pathogenesis to specific medical treatments. Movement Disorders in Dementias is aimed at general neurologists, dementia specialists, movement disorders specialists, neuropsychologists and geriatricians.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects millions of patients worldwide and arises from the concurrent action of multiple pathophysiological processes. The power of mathematical analysis and computational modeling is increasingly utilized in basic and clinical epilepsy research to better understand the relative importance of the multi-faceted, seizure-related changes taking place in the brain during an epileptic seizure. This groundbreaking book is designed to synthesize the current ideas and future directions of the emerging discipline of computational epilepsy research. Chapters address relevant basic questions (e.g., neuronal gain control) as well as long-standing, critically important clinical challenges (e.g., seizure prediction). The book should be of high interest to a wide range of readers, including undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and faculty working in the fields of basic or clinical neuroscience, epilepsy research, computational modeling and bioengineering.
* Covers a wide range of topics from molecular to seizure predictions and brain implants to control seizures
* Contributors are top experts at the forefront of computational epilepsy research
* Chapter contents are highly relevant to both basic and clinical epilepsy researchers

New topics have been added to relevant chapters covering recent advances, high yield chapters with question banks for practice. The ever-changing pattern of the competitive exam acts as a challenge for us to improve and adapt new editions with relevant updates in accordance with the changing times. Additionally, as supplement to the text, pictures, and tabular columns, have been provided as an assist to condense extensive topics. Along with questions provided at the end of select chapters, to serve as self-assessment, question banks have been provided at the end of the book acting as mock tests for the final exam. This book will help as supplement to mainstream subject books in the preparation for the competitive exams by providing a template and focusing on high yield chapters. This edition has been updated keeping in mind the latest changes in the pattern of examination. High-yield topics pertinent to each subspecialty in neurosciences and psychiatry has been provided. An overview to help the students revise the subjects in a short duration of time they get to devote particularly for these examinations. It covers MCQs from the subjects for self-assessment. Includes list of signs and syndromes for last minute revision. NIMHANS based sample MCQs at the end of chapters.

This book is the first to address the most urgent issues, combining a solid basic research approach with applied individual and stress issues, including interventions. Throughout, the focus is on our latest knowledge about various causes of stress and its neuro-cognitive and biological implications. World-renowned authors from Europe as well as the US describe how stress affects the brain of young people as well as adults. They cover the topic from all perspectives, showing how stress affects life in general, from the societal and organizational level to the individual, organ and molecular level. While the book clearly points out stress as a risk factor to health, it also offers a number of evidence-based methods to cope with stress and even ride the positive energy of stress - both as an individual, as well as what managers can do to create a healthy and productive workplace.
Written in a reader-friendly and appealing style, the book provides real-life examples from various laboratories, as well as such events as the Volvo Ocean Race, the largest around-the-globe sailing competition.
Essential reading for clinicians and biologists, as well as for a wide range of students, including medicine and public health, but also managers and HR staff.
With a Foreword by Nobel Laureate Professor Arvid Carlsson (Medicine 2000).

This volume discusses the current state of research findings related to healthy brain aging by integrating human clinical studies and translational research in animal models. Several chapters offer a unique overview of successful aging, age-related cognitive decline and its associated structural and functional brain changes, as well as how these changes are influenced by reproductive aging. Insights provided by preclinical studies in mouse models and advanced neuroimaging techniques in humans are also presented.

This second edition updates the burgeoning field of regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS) from molecular, systems, and disease-based perspective. While the book covers numerous areas in detail, special emphasis is given to discussions of movement disorders such as Parkinson s disease, Alzheimer s disease, and spinal cord injury.
* Incorporates information gained from cutting-edge photomicroscopy techniques
* Includes current information on clinical trials
* Presents chapters on stem cells and other novel treatments for diseases of the CNS

This collection demonstrates how late-Victorian and Edwardian neurology and fiction shared common philosophical concerns and rhetorical strategies. Between 1860 and 1920 witnessed unprecedented interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists and artists, finding common ground in the prevailing intellectual climate of biological determinism.

This comprehensive and practical book fills the current knowledge gap about the incidence and characteristics of seizures in all kinds of cerebrovascular disorders. Chapters are divided according to the nature of cerebrovascular diseases and highlight incidence, early versus late onset seizure types, pathophysiology, electro-clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis. Authored by leaders in the field of epilepsy and stroke, Seizures in Cerebrovascular Disorders is an excellent resource for the daily management of patients suffering from this disease overlap.

This ground-breaking title begins with an introductory overview of the Lower Extremity Gait Systems (LEGS) project, identifying concerns and observations as context for the reader to consider topics and challenges detailed in later chapters. Next are chapters that explore relevant military and civilian needs, and an essential historical context of the capabilities and limitations of contemporary prosthetics. The section concludes with an overview of essential components used in passive and active lower limb prosthetics, including sockets, foot, ankle, and knee systems, as well as emerging bionic systems. A second section considers research and development in orthotics, synthetic and biological materials, volitional control, and wearable robotics (also known as exoskeletons). Finally, expert authors explore advanced science and emerging medical perspectives in research related to limb salvage, osseointegration, limb transplantation, and tissue engineering. Designed for medical practitioners, engineers, students, and researchers who use or develop prosthetic technology for civilian or military amputees, Full Stride: Advancing the State of the Art in Lower Extremity Gait Systems will be of great interest to trauma specialists, orthopedists, rehabilitation specialists, nursing staff and physical therapists, as well as researchers and scientists who specialize in fields that shape and inform advanced prosthetic device development such as materials sciences, engineering (electrical, mechanical, biomedical), robotics, and human physiology.

Our understanding of psychophysiological states are now more broadly defined by the inclusion of the lateralized ultradian rhythms of the autonomic and central nervous systems (ANS and CNS) that play a key regulatory role in mind-body states. These neural rhythms are a unique step in the evolution of the nervous system that have mostly been ignored or missed in our understanding of physiology, mental activities, brain rhythms, and in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The multivariate physiological experiments reviewed in this book provide a new big picture for how the body s major systems (ANS, CNS, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, fuel-regulatory, gastrointestinal, immune) are regulated, integrated, and coordinated by the ANS via the hypothalamus during both waking and sleep. This discovery has implications for psychiatrists, psychologists, stress physiologists, cardiologists, sleep researchers, neuroscientists, neuroendocrinologists, cognitive scientists, and those interested in performance, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and addictive and impulse control disorders. This book includes the translational neuroscience aspect of this discovery, including implications for vagal nerve stimulation studies.
1.This book is a study in Lateralized rhythms and Ultradian rhythms and their context in the ANS-CNS, a very new field.
4.Implications of these rhythms in Anxiety, Depression and Schizophrenia will be explored
2.The book will present theories of possible causes for the assignment of causal mechanisms of these lateralizations
5.The reader will understand the Nasal Cycle, the rhythmic; alternating side-to-side fluctuation in nasal airflow which is regulated by the ANS.
6.Unilateral Forced Breathing techniques will be discussed
7.Vagal nerve stimulation and its effects will be discussed
8.Yoga breathing techniques are analyzed and theorized scientifically
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The second edition of this work continues to address the intimate pathophysiologic relationship between hypertension and stroke. The editors and authors clearly and concisely synthesize our developing knowledge of this relationship and place epidemiologic and physiologic information into a practical clinical context. Comprehensive chapters present the evidence supporting strategies for stroke prevention and care, including blood pressure lowering therapies, anti-coagulation, and management of other cerebrovascular risk factors. In addition to prescriptive measures for first stroke prevention, the book illuminates current regimens for care immediately after acute stroke and for the prevention of recurrent stroke. This latest edition also features extensively updated chapters from the previous edition, as well as new chapters on the effects of hypertension and stroke on the cerebral vasculature, blood pressure management in subarachnoid hemorrhage, and blood pressure variability, antihypertensive therapy, and stroke risk. Written by experts in the field, Hypertension and Stroke: Pathophysiology and Management, Second Edition is of great utility for specialists in neurology and cardiovascular medicine and a valuable practical resource for all physicians caring for older adults and hypertensive patients.

This volume provides an update on the multitude of technical and experimental approaches in understanding the development and plasticity of the mammalian sensory thalamus and neocortex. The focus is on visual and somatosensory thalamus and neocortex in rodents and carnivores, and functional imaging studies in developing and aging human neocortex. It further provides a synthetic theoretical framework for future studies.

Neuroinflammation has been implicated recently in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. The cross-talk between neurons and non-neuronal cells seems to be a critical step in the progression of neurodegeneration and molecules that have a beneficial role may turn into harmful players. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are involved in axonal growth and regeneration as well as synaptic plasticity, may also have detrimental effects. Recent evidence has linked MMPs to conditions like ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and suggested that, together with their role in the degradation of extracellular macromolecules, MMPs could work as important signalling molecules from injured neurons to the microglia.
Thus, MMP-3 has been shown to induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia via activation of ERK and NF-kB-dependent pathways. Increasing evidence highlights the importance of a balanced cross-talk between neurons and non-neuronal cells and indicates that the presence of reactive astrocytes, the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediators may contribute to the progression of many central nervous system disorders, independently of the nature of the primary pathogenic event. However, many aspects still remain controversial and much more effort is needed to understand the role of neuroinflammatory mediators and processes in these conditions.
This volume brings together renowned, international scientists to discuss current knowledge and views on the mechanisms of neuroinflammation, on its role in the context of different neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Alzheimer's, prion disease, HIV-associated dementia, multiple sclerosis, pain) and on the potential approaches for future therapeutic strategies.

The study of brain function is one of the most fascinating pursuits of m- ern science. Functional neuroimaging is an important component of much of the current research in cognitive, clinical, and social psychology. The exci- ment of studying the brain is recognized in both the popular press and the scienti?c community. In the pages of mainstream publications, including The New York Times and Wired, readers can learn about cutting-edge research into topics such as understanding how customers react to products and - vertisements ("If your brain has a 'buy button, ' what pushes it?," The New York Times, October19,2004), howviewersrespondtocampaignads("Using M. R. I. 's to see politics on the brain," The New York Times, April 20, 2004; "This is your brain on Hillary: Political neuroscience hits new low," Wired, November 12,2007), howmen and womenreactto sexualstimulation ("Brain scans arouse researchers,"Wired, April 19, 2004), distinguishing lies from the truth ("Duped," The New Yorker, July 2, 2007; "Woman convicted of child abuse hopes fMRI can prove her innocence," Wired, November 5, 2007), and even what separates "cool" people from "nerds" ("If you secretly like Michael Bolton, we'll know," Wired, October 2004). Reports on pathologies such as autism, in which neuroimaging plays a large role, are also common (for - stance, a Time magazine cover story from May 6, 2002, entitled "Inside the world of autism").

"Competencies in Sleep Medicine" provides the knowledge and curriculum needed for a Sleep Medicine Training Program. The approach is consistent with the goals of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), which asks programs to develop specific and targeted approaches to each program that covers the material presented in the Training Program.

Authored by leaders in the field, each chapter focuses on an area of knowledge and skills insleep medicine and offers appropriate examples of instructionand assessment.These principles and protocols for training can be used by a program to address weaknesses, assess trainees in a standardized fashion, and provide additionalmeasurable benchmarks.

Those who judge trainee progress and achievement will find "Competencies in Sleep Medicine" to be the standard resource for defining and achieving student learning outcomes, while encouraging autonomous learning.

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The latest research regarding the neurodegenerative conditions known as neuroacanthocytosis will be found in this book. Recent advances have identified the range of mutations in the causative genes. In vitro studies have identified potential protein interactions, and work on erythrocyte membranes suggests mechanisms for the generation of acanthocytes. Animal models are being generated and provide the foundation for possible therapeutic interventions.

Sex is everywhere in modern society, yet it remains taboo. We all have questions about sex that are too uncomfortable to ask - how do we get reliable answers? In this go-to guide Drs Grant and Chamberlain use their clinical expertise to answer the questions you wish you could ask about sex. Questions like: Is my sex drive or sex behavior normal? Can someone have too much sex? Or too little? How has Internet dating and pornography changed sex? This go-to guide will help you understand common sexual issues, know when to worry (or not) about different sexual behaviors, and learn how our sex lives adapt to changing technology or in times of crisis. It also provides step-by-step advice for dealing with a range of sexual issues, and practical strategies for strengthening relationships.

Creative thinking and collaborative scientific research have advanced our understanding of autism, and we are now beginning to synthesize the data into evidence and theories. Autism: Current Theories and Evidence presents current theories about autism and the evidence that supports them. The goal is to show how the scientific method is revealing the biological bases of this spectrum of disorders, thereby leading the way to their treatment and prevention using evidence-based medicine. This book has 20 chapters divided into 6 sections: Molecular and Clinical Genetics; Neurotransmitters and Cell Signaling; Endocrinology, Growth and Metabolism; Immunology, Maternal-Fetal Effects and Neuroinflammation; Neuroanatomy, Imaging and Neural networks; and Environmental Mechanisms and Models. The subjects cover a wide range of current scientific work in the field of autism, with strong and growing evidence to support them, and demonstrate both the breadth and depth of current autism research. The reader is encouraged to consider how theories and the scientific method, in the hands of these and other dedicated researchers, are leading to greater knowledge and continued progress in autism research.

The purpose of this book is to teach psychologists with a neuropsychology background about cognitive remediation, the evidence in the research literature, and how to develop and conduct a treatment plan and evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. The approach is illustrated using the computer-assisted cognitive remediation program developed by the author (NeurXercise). Twenty-nine different cases are presented in depth, following the outline presented in the earlier portions of the book. Treatment planning emphasizes Luria's concepts of alternate functional systems and double dissociation. Pre- and post-treatment neuropsychological testing results are presented along with ecological validity and generalization to daily functioning. The cases are presented by etiology and each section concludes with what can be learned about that etiologic process from the cognitive remediation results. This section includes blast injuries, which are still being characterized in the literature, as well as effective treatment of patients with head injury, stroke, post-neurosurgical sequelae, co-morbid disorders, subcortical disorders, attention deficit disorder, and learning disabilities. The book identifies the most commonly used neuropsychological test instruments for evaluating cognitive deficits, discusses their input and output characteristics, and does the same for the NeurXercise computer-based exercises so that the connection between testing and treatment is easy to see and develop. In addition to discussing this in the appropriate sections of the book, these are summarized in the appendixes as a reference for correlating test findings and appropriate exercises for remediating deficits.

Why a book on molecular neurology? Molecular neuroscience is advancing at a spectacular rate. As it does so, it is revealing important clues to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurological diseases, and to the therapeutic targets that they present. Medicines work by targeting molecules. The more specific the targeting, the more specific the actions, and the fewer the side effects. This book highlights, for graduate and MD-PhD students, research fellows and research-oriented clinical fellows, and researchers in the neurosciences and other biomedical sciences, the principles underlying molecular medicine as related to neurology. Written by internationally recognized experts, this well-illustrated and well-referenced book presents the most up-to-date principles and disease examples relevant to molecular neurology, and reviews the concepts, strategies, and latest progress in this field. This book will interest anyone studying the molecular basis of neurology, or developing new therapies in neurology.
* Describes the newest, molecular aspects of neurological disorders
* Provides an introduction to neurological disorders for basic scientists
* Updates clinicians and clinical researchers on the most recent developments

The "Handbook of Clinical Neurology" (Series Editors: Michael J. Aminoff, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; FranAois Boller, Bethesda, USA; Dick F. Swaab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands)has an international reputation as the ultimate reference tool for neurologists involved in clinical research and for neuroscience research workers. It offers comprehensive coverage of the whole field of neurology edited and written by an international list of contributors including the leading workers in the field. This volume is particularly for all those interested in the fundamental aspects of muscle disease or involved with care of patients with these disorders. However, a further separate volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series will be devoted to the muscular dystrophies. The contents include coverage of the latest developments in the subject such as the regulatory nuclear and mitochondrial genetic mechanisms, the proteins involved in muscle function and their remarkable interactions, the nature and function of ion channels and ionic activity, and the complexity of inflammatory cascades that has led to a wider appreciation of the nature of muscle diseases and suggests new approaches for their management. Clinically there has been the recognition and description of new entities and improved classifications of groups of disorders such as the distal myopathies, and the discovery of disease-causing mutation for many of the muscular dystrophies and hereditary myopathies.

This volume provides a comprehensive understanding of HIV/AIDS and neuro-AIDS, including a history of the disease, and an explanation of many of the conditions that can arise in afflicted patients, including opportunistic infections, central nervous system tumors, spinal cord disorders, myopathies and progressive encephalopathy, amongst others.

Clinicians will gain a greater understanding of the complex mechanisms of the disease. Beginning with a basic introduction to HIV infections and Neuro-AIDS, practitioners will find useful data on advances in molecular biology, neuroepidemiology, neuroimaging, neuropathology, neuropharmacology, as well as information on the development of therapeutic strategies appropriate for the disorder, including groundbreaking retroviral therapies.

In addition, the socioeconomic and political constraints that hinder treatment and disease management in developing parts of the world are presented.
* A comprehensive understanding of HIV/AIDS and neuro-AIDS, and the progression of the scientific community s understanding of the disease
* Detailed information on fields such as neuroepidemiology, neuropathology, neuropharmacology, and neuroimaging and their contributions to HIV/AIDS research
* Subject specific chapters on conditions associated with HIV/AIDS, including opportunistic infections, central nervous system tumors, and myopathies, amongst others"