Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 90 years The Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

This volume is designed to serve as a reference source containing both historical and recent references with a special focus on the existing gaps of knowledge regarding EEG deviations in psychiatricpopulations. Every chapter begins by outlining the clinical issues, then reviews available literature and concludes by highlighting a) currently supportable findings, and b) open research questions. In some chapters the author makes suggestions regarding the research design that will most likely lead to generating data that can move the field towards resolving unresolved issues."

When Oliver Sacks was twelve years old, a perceptive schoolmaster wrote in his report: 'Sacks will go far, if he does not go too far'. It is now abundantly clear that Sacks has never stopped going . . . From its opening pages on his youthful obsession with motorcycles and speed, On the Move is infused with his restless energy. As he recounts his experiences as a young neurologist in the early 1960s, first in California and then in New York, where he discovered a long-forgotten illness in the back wards of a chronic hospital, as well as with a group of patients who would define his life, it becomes clear that Sacks's earnest desire for engagement has occasioned unexpected encounters and travels - sending him through bars and alleys, over oceans, and across continents. With unbridled honesty and humour, Sacks shows us that the same energy that drives his physical passions -bodybuilding, weightlifting, and swimming - also drives his cerebral passions. He writes about his love affairs, both romantic and intellectual, his guilt over leaving his family to come to America, his bond with his schizophrenic brother, and the writers and scientists - Thom Gunn, A. R. Luria, W. H. Auden, Gerald M. Edelman, Francis Crick - who influenced him. On the Move is the story of a brilliantly unconventional physician and writer - and of the man who has illuminated the many ways that the brain makes us human.

Kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy) is a highly interesting example of metabolic encephalopathy. It fills all the characteristics of a metabolic encephalopathy in that it can develop rapidly, produces signature signs and symptoms, and is amenable to successful treatment. In the absence of treatment kernicterus can produce devastating sequelae and death. The present volume will examine the biochemistry and physiology of bilirubin as well as its hepatic metabolism and renal excretion. Chapters will elaborate bodily disposition of bilirubin and its neuropathology. Both early treatments and current therapy will be discussed in detail. Phototherapy will be presented, and its efficacy and influence on incidence thoroughly examined.

Have you, a friend or family member been living with undiagnosed autism?

For every visibly Autistic person you meet, there are countless 'masked' people who pass as neurotypical. They don't fit the stereotypical mould of Autism and are often forced by necessity to mask who they are, spending their entire lives trying to hide their Autistic traits. In particular, there is evidence that Autism remains significantly undiagnosed in women, people of colour, trans and gender non-conforming people, many of whom are only now starting to recognise those traits later in life.

Blending cutting-edge research, personal insights and practical exercises for self-expression, Dr Devon Price examines the phenomenon of 'masking', making a passionate argument for radical authenticity and non-conformity. A powerful call for change, Unmasking Autism gifts its readers with the tools to uncover their true selves and build a new society - one where everyone can thrive on their own terms.

The first comprehensive book to cover all aspects of the last 25 years of PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide) research, this book contains contributions from virtually all the leading researchers in the field, and addresses some of the following topics: evolutionary aspects of PACAP, distribution and occurrence of PACAP and its receptors, hormonal effects of PACAP, intracellular signaling, effects on cellular proliferation and differentiation, protective effects of PACAP, behavioral effects of PACAP, developmental aspects of PACAP, other physiological effects of PACAP (cardiovascular, thermoregulatory), human studies, drug design, metabolism and transport. This compendium can serve as an important reference for researchers and students in PACAP research and can also be a thorough introduction for those in related fields.

Clinical Neuropsychology is an up-to-the minute overview of the major and many interesting minor disorders and behavioral syndromes caused by localized brain damage or abnormal brain functioning. The text combines clinical findings with studies on normal, healthy individuals to provide a comprehensive picture of the human brain's operation and function. Biological rather than cognitive in emphasis, Clinical Neuropsychology integrates findings across a broad range of disciplines. This text serves as an up-to-date reference source for clinicians, researchers, and graduate students and as a textbook for advanced undergraduate courses on clinical neuropsychology. Coverage includes the ramifications of localized brain damage/abnormal brain functioning on emotion, thought, language, and behavior, illustrative case histories, chapter overviews, and more than 700 recent references.
Key Features
* More than 700 recent references
* Extensive illustrations
* Interesting and unusual illustrative case histories from recent literature
* An overview and a list of important further readings end each chapter
* Comprehensive index

The G proteins are a family of structurally homologous, plasma membrane-associated guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins. These proteins play an integral role in the tra- duction of extracellular signals through second messenger systems. As such, G proteins affect a wide variety of intra cellular biochemical reactions by regulating the concent- tion of second messengers in cells. G proteins are heterotrimeric, consisting of a, p, and y polypeptide chains, with G protein specificity largely det- mined by the a-subunit, Molecular cloning of G protein s- units has revealed 23 distinct a-subunits, encoded by 17 different genes. Based on functional measures, G proteins are generally classified into three major categories: the G, family, which is stimulatory for adenylyl cyclase; the G, f- ily, which is inhibitory for adenylyl cyclase; and the G, f- ily, which stimulates phospholipases (Birnbaumer and Birnbaumer, 1995). Alternatively, on the basis of sequence homology, G proteins can be subdivided into four cate- ries: G,, G,, G,, and G12.

Since the appearance of the John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel book in which they proposed that the hippocampus provides an abstract, internal representation of the animal's environment, considerable conceptual progress in the area of navigational information processing has been achieved. The purpose of the current work is to consolidate recent data and conceptual insights related to navigational insight processing in a format useful to both practitioners and advanced students in neuroscience.

Drug addiction remains one of the most important public health problems in western societies and is a rising concern for developing nations. Over the past 3 decades, experimental research on the neurobiology and psychology of drug addiction has generated a torrent of exciting data, from the molecular up to the behavioral levels. As a result, a new and pressing challenge for addiction research is to formulate a synthetic theoretical framework that goes well beyond mere scientific eclectism to deepen our understanding of drug addiction and to foster our capacity to prevent and to cure drug addiction. Intrigued by the apparent irrational behavior of drug addicts, researchers from a wide range of scientific disciplines have formulated a plethora of theoretical schemes over the years to understand addiction. However, most of these theories and models are qualitative in nature and are formulated using terms that are often ill-defined. As a result, the empirical validity of these models has been difficult to test rigorously, which has served to generate more controversy than clarity. In this context, as in other scientific fields, mathematical and computational modeling should contribute to the development of more testable and rigorous models of addiction.

For those fascinated by neurology and for fans of The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat comes a powerful exploration of the mind during night time. Here are the mysteries of sleep, explained - from known conditions to the extreme. 'The Secret World of Sleep interweaves bizarre real life stories with cutting edge neurological science in the true tradition of Oliver Sacks. A fascinating read.' Martha Kearney, BBC Radio 4 World-renowned neurologist and sleep expert, Doctor Guy Leschziner, takes you through various sleep conditions and how they arise and affect people. Insomnia, narcolepsy, night terrors and apnoea are just some of the conditions afflicting those struggling with sleep. Then there are the extreme cases. The people frighten into paralysis by hallucinations. The woman in a state of deep sleep who gets dressed and goes for a drive. The teenager with 'Sleeping Beauty Syndrome', stuck in a cycle of excessive unconsciousness. The man who cleans out kitchens while 'sleep-eating'. With compassionate stories of his patients and their conditions, Leschziner illustrates the neuroscience behind our sleeping minds, revealing the many biological and psychological factors necessary in getting the rest needed for health and happiness. Pick of the Best Paperbacks - Sunday Times Best January Paperbacks - The Times Must Read Brain Books 2019 - Forbes Magazine The Best Neuroscience Books of 2019 - The Scientist Magazine The Best Books of 2019 - New Zealand Herald Best 100 Summer Reads 2019 - Sunday Times Week's best Science Picks - Nature Books of the Year 2019 - Irish Independent

I. Introduction: General Issues in Developmental Disorders.- 1 State of the World's Children: Developmental-Behavioral Disorders in a Global Context.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Children in History.- 3. Children Today.- 4. Recent Nutrition Data.- 5. Children Tomorrow.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 2 PL 99-457: A New Challenge and Responsibility for Physicians.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physician Involvement.- 2.1. Identification.- 2.2. Medical Evaluation.- 2.3. Communication with the IFSP Team.- 2.4. Family Support.- 2.5. Participation in the IFSP Process.- 2.6. Advocacy.- 3. Barriers to Physician Involvement.- 4. Overcoming Barriers.- Selected Readings.- 3 An Ethical Issue in Developmental Pediatrics: Analysis and Discussion of a Case History.- Case History-S. L., a Newborn with Partial Trisomy-13.- Reference.- Selected Readings: Ethical-Legal Issues.- 4 A Physician's Primer of Developmental and Psychologic Test Instruments.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Possible Developmental Delay.- 2.1. Developmental (Cognitive/Motor) Delay.- 2.2. Language Delay.- 2.3. Behavioral/Adaptive Delays.- 3. Cases Involving Suspected Developmental Delay.- 4. Difficulties in School Performance.- 4.1. Intelligence.- 4.2. Academic Achievement.- 4.3. Perceptual/Visual Motor.- 4.4. Attention/Concentration.- 4.5. Behavioral.- 5. Cases Involving Suspected School Problems.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- II. Developmental Disorders.- 5 Neonatal Brain Care: Does Early Developmental Intervention Work?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Supplemental Stimulation.- 3. Protection at All Costs.- 4. Contingency-Based and Developmentally-Based Interventions.- 5. Summary.- References.- 6 Early Identification of Cerebral Palsy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Types of Cerebral Palsy.- 3. Early Clinical Signs of Cerebral Palsy.- 3.1. Amiel-Tison et al. (1977).- 3.2. Ellenberg and Nelson (1981).- 3.3. Harris (1987).- 3.4. Research Conclusions.- 4. Summary.- References.- 7 Movement Disorders and Paroxysmal Behaviors in Children and Adolescents.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Disorders Characterized by Alteration in the State of Consciousness and Abnormal Movements.- 2.1. Seizure Disorders.- 2.2. Pseudoseizures.- 3. Disorders Characterized Primarily by an Alteration in Consciousness.- 3.1. Syncope Due to Inadequate Cerebral.- 3.2. Postural Hypotension.- 3.3. Steal Syndromes.- 3.4. Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 3.5. Breath Holding Spells.- 3.6. Syncope Due to Hypoxia or Hypoglycemia.- 4. Disorders Characterized Primarily by Abnormal Movements.- 4.1. Disorders Characterized by Hyperkinesia.- 4.2. Disorders Characterized Primarily by Abnormalities of Posture and Tone.- 4.3. Disorders Characterized Primarily by Akinesia.- 5. Other Paroxysmal Disorders.- 5.1. Rett Syndrome.- 5.2. Mannerisms.- References.- 8 Epilepsy: Implications for Intelligence, Learning, and Behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Epilepsy and Intelligence.- 3. Epilepsy and Learning Difficulties.- 4. Epilepsy and Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.- 4.1. Anticonvulsants and Behavior Disorders.- 4.2. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Disorders.- 5. Summary.- References.- 9 Learning Disabilities: "The Good News/The Bad News".- 1. Introduction.- 2. Toward a Definition.- 3. Significant Discrepancy.- 4. Research.- 5. The Future.- References.- 10 Lessons I've Learned from Learning Disabilities.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Overlooked Learning Disability.- 2.1. Emotional Disturbance and Underachievement.- 2.2. Headaches and Fatigue.- 3. Miscellaneous Lessons I Have Learned.- 3.1. "Abnormal Depth Perception" in a Clumsy Child.- 3.2. Involuntary Movements with Accompanying Behavioral Upset.- 3.3. Refusal to Speak in an Anxious Child.- 3.4. Cerebral Palsy with Accompanying Depression.- 3.5. Newly Acquired Perceptual Disorder in an Intelligent Child.- 3.6. Situational Depression with a Well-Controlled Seizure Disorder.- 3.7. Acute Psychosis with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.- 3.8. Declining School Performance and the Misdiagnosis of Seizures.- 3.9. Adolescent Stroke with Com...

Researchers seeking problems that offer more hope of success often avoid subjects that seem to be difficult to approach experimentally, or subjects for which experimental results are difficult to interpret. The breakdown part of protein turnover in vivo, particularly in nervous tissue, was such a subject in the past - it was difficult to measure and difficult to explore the mechanisms involved. For factors that influence protein metabolism, it was thought that protein content, function, and distribution are controlled only by the synthetic mechanisms that can supply the needed specificity and response to stimuli. The role of breakdown was thought to be only a general metabolic digestion, elimination of excess polypeptides. We now know that the role of breakdown is much more complex: it has multiple functions, it is coupled to turnover, and it can affect protein composition, function, and synthesis. In addition to eliminating abnormal proteins, breakdown has many modulatory functions: it serves to activate and inactivate enzymes, modulate membrane function, alter receptor channel properties, affect transcription and cell cycle, form active peptides, and much more. The hydrolysis of peptide bonds often involves multiple steps, many enzymes, and cycles (such as ubiquination), and often requires the activity of enzyme complexes. Their activation, modification, and inactivation can thus play an important role in biological functions, with numerous families of proteases participating. The specific role of each remains to be elucidated.

The main message of this monograph is that the appearance of the mammalian brain with the ability to acquire drives ensured the development of social life, and eventually led to the evolution of the human society. This most sophisticated form of organized life on earth is still in the trial and error phase of its development. It seeks to outgrow the myth-directed era of its history and come to its final state, the ration-directed human society.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 90 years The Royal society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

This book is authored by leading experts who made major discoveries in neuroteratology research focused on modeling human neural developmental disorders. Individual chapters address ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), Lesch-Nyhan disease, psychoses and schizophrenia, autism, and models of Parkinson's Disease and tardive dyskinesia. The effects of perinatal stress and agonist insults on life-long outcomes are addressed, as well as the overall effects of perinatal neurotoxins on development of specific neural phenotypic systems. The book provides a unique compendium on how perinatal insults of various types can produce effects in brain that persist throughout the life span. Researchers can derive insight into experimental approaches in this research field; clinicians can develop insights into the influences of the many noxious and seemingly innocuous substances that might influence brain development in children.

This forward-looking reference defines and illustrates the process and themes of formulation in neuropsychology and places it in the vanguard of current practice. The book explains the types of information that go into formulations, how they are gathered, and how they are synthesized into a clinically useful presentation describing psychological conditions resulting from neurological illness or injury. Cases highlight the relevance and flexibility of narrative- and diagram-based formulation methods in approaching a diverse range of issues and conditions, from decisional capacity to cultural considerations, Huntington's disease to deep dyslexia. Throughout this volume, formulation is shown as integral to treatment and rehabilitation planning alongside clinical assessment, cognitive testing, and diagnosis. Included among the topics: The interface of neuroimaging with neuropsychological findings in traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological aspects of temporal-lobe epilepsy: seeking evidence-based practice. An integrative approach to differential diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and Korsakoff's dementia. Educational disengagement following mild TBI in childhood. Themes in the formulation of repeat assessments. Cognitive neuropsychological formulation. Formulation is essential in good neuropsychological assessment as it provides the foundation for appropriate intervention by bringi ng together the results of different evaluations into a coherent whole. . . . Macniven's compelling and constructive book has assembled internationally known experts from diverse backgrounds to provide illumination of their own views and approaches to formulation, which makes the book a pleasure to read and should establish it as essential reading on clinical psychology and neuropsychology training courses. - Professor Barbara A. Wilson OBE, Ph.D., D.Sc. Neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists will find Neuropsychological Formulation of critical importance not only to the literature of the field, but also to the developing role of clinical neuropsychology within healthcare systems.

Comprehensive overview of different aspects of autophagy as it relates to neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis of the main neurodegenerative disorders includes either the accumulation of altered or misfolded proteins or exposure to several toxics. Autophagy constitute one of the two principal cellular pathways implicate in the clearance of these material and can serve as a neuroprotective mechanism. Topics include: the role of autophagy in the brain, the role of autophagy in the principal neurodegenerative disorders, and the mechanism by which different molecules cause neurotoxicity and the role autophagy plays.

This book is a collection of articles by leading researchers working at the cutting edge of neuro-computational modelling of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Each article contains model validation techniques used in the context of the specific problem being studied. Validation is essential for neuro-inspired computational models to become useful tools in the understanding and treatment of disease conditions. Currently, the immense diversity in neuro-computational modelling approaches for investigating brain diseases has created the need for a structured and coordinated approach to benchmark and standardise validation methods and techniques in this field of research. This book serves as a step towards a systematic approach to validation of neuro-computational models used for studying brain diseases and should be useful for all neuro-computational modellers.

How does the brain code and process incoming information, how does it recog nize a certain object, how does a certain Gestalt come into our awareness? One of the key issues to conscious realization of an object, of a Gestalt is the attention de voted to the corresponding sensory input which evokes the neural pattern underly ing the Gestalt. This requires that the attention be devoted to one set of objects at a time. However, the attention may be switched quickly between different objects or ongoing input processes. It is to be expected that such mechanisms are reflected in the neural dynamics: Neurons or neuronal assemblies which pertain to one object may fire, possibly in rapid bursts at a time. Such firing bursts may enhance the synaptic strength in the corresponding cell assembly and thereby form the substrate of short-term memory. However, we may well become aware of two different objects at a time. How can we avoid that the firing patterns which may relate to say a certain type of move ment (columns in V5) or to a color (V 4) of one object do not become mixed with those of another object? Such a blend may only happen if the presentation times be come very short (below 20-30 ms). One possibility is that neurons pertaining to one cell assembly fire syn chronously. Then different cell assemblies firing at different rates may code different information."

This book breaks new ground by offering neuroscientific insights into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has emerged as the model mental disorder for studying the effect of the environment on human biological systems, especially the brain. The authors - who range from skilled basic scientists to experienced diagnosticians and therapists - are leaders in the recent surge of biological investigation into this distressing and disabling condition.

Volume 42 presents an in-depth review on Alzheimer's Disease as well as a look at several transcription factors.
Key Features
* Clinical features of stroke and the current stasis of stroke therapy
* Alzheimers Disease--pathology, pathological proteins, etiology, pathogenesis, neurotransmitter alterations, and treatment strategies
* An examination of the regulation of AP-1 and related transcription factors and their role in brain injury and drug abuse-related behavior
* Emerging roles of the transcription factor NF(B
* Recent advances about the nature of alterations in ion channel structure or function which may be responsible for epileptogenesis
* An integrated model accounting for the multiple mechanisms involved in the posttranslational regulation of glutamate ionotroic receptors
* Genetic mutation and the Glycine Receptor

The therapeutic era for MS has begun, and many new, potentially effective treatments are now available. MRI offers a range of techniques which are more reliable and sensitive than any other available approach in detecting brain and spinal cord abnormalities, monitoring their evolution, and providing in vivo information about heterogenous pathological substrates of the MS lesions. Readers will find this volume a valuable summary of the state-of- the art, as well as a useful reference text from which to plan future clinical trials in MS.

"This is an important book that no suicidologist should be without. In it, the author, Edwin S. Shneidman, brings together work he undertook and completed between 1971 and 1993. This work includes an empirical study, some single case studies, some theoretical think pieces, and some suggestions for psychotherapy. In this volume, Suicide as Psychache: A Clinical Approach to Self-Destructive Behavior, Shneidman introduces the concept of psychache, adding to the existing vocabulary on suicide to which he has contributed so generously. Shneidman defines psychache as the hurt, anguish, soreness, aching, psychological pain in the mind. Suicide occurs, he says, when the person experiencing the psychache deems the pain unbearable, suicide having to do with differences in individual thresholds for enduring psychological pain. Other concepts that bear Shneidman's imprint include suicidology, psychological autopsy, postvention, subintentional death, and postself. In the language of Suicide as Psychache, the growing numbers of people committing suicide in the United States give testimony to the growing prevalence of psychache in the U. S. population. Like all of Shneidman's work, this book goes well beyond its primary intent in that it is much more than a book about suicide. It is a theoretical book about the psychology of human behavior as reflected in suicide and about creative ways of investigating and responding to suicide phenomena. The book is divided into four parts: Foundations, Analyses, Response, and Follow-Up. This review, being a review, cannot possibly do justice to Shneidman's Suicide as Psychache: A Clinical Approach to Self-Destructive Behavior. It contains so many rich insights coupled with interesting literary references that help to enlarge readers' understanding and knowledge that persons are advised to read the book for themselves. By bringing together his earlier work and building on it, Shneidman allows readers to witness the evolution in his thinking about life and human behavior a