Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists have shown great promise in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease and alleviation of symptoms. This book addresses various aspects of this class of drugs from their chemical development to their clinical use. Among the many insightful chapters contained in this book, there are three unique reviews that have not previously been published in any format: (1) a history of istradefylline, the first A2A antagonist approved for treatment of Parkinson's Disease, (2) an overview of neuroimaging studies in human death and disease and (3) a study of urate as a possible biomarker and neuroprotectant.

Diseases once believed to be confined to the tropics, such as parasitic, mycobacterial, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are still a major cause of mortality and moribidity in the tropics, yet can affect the developed world in an era of increased global travel and migration. Neuroimaging technique developments over the last several decades have helped clinicians better understand and diagnose these conditions. Experts from tropical countries share their experiences regarding tropical disorders, some of which are rare in the western world, but possible to appear in patients and not readily recognized by specialists not familiar with these diseases.

Topics in this issue include: Relevance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of tropical neurologic disorders; Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Tuberculosis; Parasitic diseases of nervous system; Neuroimaging in Post-infectious Demyelination and Nutritional Disorders of the Central Nervous System; CNS Fungal Infections in the Tropics; Neuroimaging Epilepsy in the Tropics; Neuroimaging in Cranio-Vertebral Anomalies as seen in Tropics; Vascular Brain Pathologies; Neurobrucellosis; Hirayama Disease; Transverse Myelitis; and Pyomyositis.

This volume of "Progess in Brain Research" follows on from the 32nd International Symposium of the Groupe de recherche sur le systeme nerveux central (GRSNC), May 2010, and aims to provide an overview of the various neural mechanisms that contribute to learning new motor and sensory skills, and to adapting to changed circumstances, including the use of devices and implants to substitute for lost sensory or motor abilities (brain machine interfaces). The focus is on recent developments covering five major themes: Mechanisms to improve motor performanceNeuro-rehabilitation of motor functionMechanisms to enhance sensory perceptionCross modal interationc for enhancing sensorimotor performanceAssistive technologies to enhance sensorimotor performance

This volume focuses on the translation of scientific knowledge into applications and strategies that can help restore lost function following injury or disease including assistive neuroprosthetic technologies to enhance sensorimotor performance and neurorehabilitation.
Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist"

Two viewpoints on pragmatics are of interest to the clinician and researcher: The various types of deficits of pragmatic competence in different neurogenic communication disorders on the one hand, and the use of pragmatic features as a compensatory strategy to supplement impaired linguistic competence on the other. Both are investigated in this volume.
For the purpose of the book, "pragmatics" is understood to include not only discourse organization but also any inference from discourse, situational context, general knowledge, affective prosody and any paralinguistic phenomena used to derive an interpretation for any utterance. It therefore includes the use of metaphors, indirect speech acts, jokes, sarcasm, and any nonliteral interpretation.
The reader will thus find information on pragmatic deficits subsequent to right hemisphere damage, pragmatic disorders in dementias, deficits in discourse organization in right and left hemisphere damaged patients, as well as on the use of pragmatic features by fluent and nonfluent aphasic patients. These studies represent original research by members of the IALP Aphasia Committee and their colleagues carried out over the past two years specifically for this publication.
This is the third in a series of books commissioned by the International Association for Logopedics and Phoniatrics and published by Pergamon. It carries over twenty commissioned chapters on original work by leading researchers and investigates both how communication disorders affect pragmatic competence, and how pragmatic features can be used to compensate for impaired linguistic competence.

This volume provides a comprehensive look into the innovative methods used to explore the visual system. From the way the brain processes vision, an imperative part of the human experience, to the role eye movement plays in a range of questions concerning visual perception, memory, attention, free will, and even topological diagnoses, this in-depth handbook gives neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neuro-ophthalmologists an invaluable tool to help them better understand the visual system.

Disorders of the retinal and cerebral cortex, and those that affect control of eye and lid movements are thoroughly discussed, along with groundbreaking visual rehabilitative methods, and chapters on individual parts of the visual system. Practitioners will find a useful resource that lays out fundamental concepts, while seamlessly summarizing clinical and laboratory methods for neuro-ophthalmological evaluation.

The material is perfect for early-stage physicians or long practicing specialists who wish to learn the latest developments in the field.
* A comprehensive resource that explores the innovative methods used to understand the visual system
* An in-depth study of how the brain processes vision, and the role certain functions such as eye movement play in visual diagnosis and memory
* Clinical and laboratory methods of evaluation that are perfect for physicians and specialists in any stage of practice

Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes. Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.

Neurons share more similarities with insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells than with any other cell type. The root of this similarity may lie in the islet's evolution from an ancestral insulin-producing neuron. The islet-neuron connection becomes less surprising as we learn more about insulin's involvement in functions far from its traditional role in mediating glucose uptake in muscle. The importance of insulin in the regulation of corporal aging has been established by the dramatic increases in longevity experienced by animals in which the adipose insulin receptor has been genetically eliminated, or in which the insulin-related daf genes have been mutated. New research suggests that, analogous to its influence on corporal aging, insulin also makes important contributions to brain aging and the expression of late-life neurodegenerative disease. Insulin plays a key role in cognition and other aspects of normal brain function. Insulin resistance induces chronic peripheral insulin elevations and is associated with reduced insulin activity both in periphery and brain. The insulin resistance syndrome underlies conditions such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which are associated with age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. This book discusses the mechanisms through which insulin dysregulation contributes to the development of cognitive impairment and late-life neurodegenerative disease. Given the recent pandemic of conditions associated with insulin resistance, it is imperative that we achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms through which insulin resistance affects brain function in order to develop therapeutic strategies to address these effects.

Before the 1960s, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy were the dominant modes of treatment within psychiatry. These treatments have faced increasing scrutiny and skepticism as the movement towards evidence-based treatments has intensified and the mental health field has been asked to treat increasingly ill and severely character-disordered patients. Psychodynamic psychotherapy has lost status within the mental health field as other forms of treatment have developed a strong and well-funded research base. At the same time, the exciting bursts of knowledge about the functioning of the brain and the subsequent development of psychopharmacologic treatments have added to treatment alternatives. This development has served to help patients but also to decrease the frequency with which dynamic treatments are indicated. Criticisms of psychoanalytic treatments, which are grounded in elaborate theories of the mind that have been evolving since the late 19th century, have been valid to the extent that a scientific basis for the work was missing. Recently, however, there has been an explosion in empirical research on psychoanalytic theories and treatments. There have been more than 70 randomized controlled trials of psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, and much more research supporting psychodynamic principles and specific psychodynamic treatments for many diagnostic categories. In this volume of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research: Evidence-Based Practice and Practice-Based Evidence we demonstrate the relevance of and scientific support for psychodynamic treatment across a wide range of diagnostic categories and treatment strategies. One of the difficulties in the field of psychodynamic psychotherapy is that researchers and clinicians have not embraced one another. Clinicians have felt that researchers are ivory tower academics not on the front lines of clinical care, and researchers have felt that clinicians have little ap

Neuromodulation is an emerging field that explores the use of electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions to heal neurological deficits. Suchneurostimulation has already shown great promise with disorders and diseases such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and Parkinson s disease. This is the first concise reference covering all of the basic principles of neuromodulation in a single affordable volume for neuro-residents, fellows, and basic clinical practitioners, edited by two prominent clinical experts in the field.

This volume emphasizes essential observations from all of the important clinical phases involved in any neuromodulation: targeting, intraoperative assessment, programming, complications, and complication avoidance. There are commonalities to all neuromodulation procedures that must be brought to the forefront to form a cohesive presentation of neuromodulation, and such emphasis will give readers a more solid grounding in the fundamentals needed to embrace this field as a cohesive clinical entity.
Chapters offer point-counterpoint commentary for varied perspectivesAppendix distills current guidelines in easy, accessible formatChapters follow story of patient care, effectively emphasizing general principles with supporting examplesOffers outstanding scholarship, with over 20% of chapters involving international contributors"

This volume of "Progress in Brain Research" documents research presented at the 26th International Summer School of Brain Research (Amsterdam, Jun/Jul 2010) and looks at how the oscillations that characterize brain activity vary between task performance - the EEG power and performance modulations, rest - the MRI default mode and other networks, and sleep - the cortical slow oscillations. Studies over the past decade indicate that the study of these slow oscillations is essential for our understanding of plasticity, memory, brain structure from synapse to default mode network, cognition, consciousness and ultimately for our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of sleep and vigilance.
Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide. Each year 1.7 million new TBIs occur in the United States, and it is also considered a signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Despite the relatively high incidence-within both civilian and military populations-the diagnosis and treatment, particularly of mild TBI/concussion, remains an inexact science. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation is a concise guide designed for neurologists, primary care, and sports physicians and other medical providers, psychologists and neuropsychologists, and athletic trainers who may evaluate and care for patients with TBI. The book features summaries of the most pertinent areas of diagnosis and therapy, which can be readily accessed by the busy clinician/professional. In addition, the book's treatment algorithms provide a highly practical reference to cutting edge therapies. A superb contribution to the literature, Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation offers a well-designed, well-written, useful resource for all providers who treat patients with TBI.

Topics covered in this issue are: Basic principles of Diffusion Imaging; Diffusion MR Imaging: An Important Tool in the Assessment of Brain Tumors; Diffusion MR imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke; Diffusion Imaging in Demyelinating Diseases; Diffusion Imaging in Brain Infection; Diffusion Imaging in Brain Trauma; Diffusion Imaging in the Neonate Brain; Diffusion MR Imaging for Monitoring Treatment Response; Assessment of Brain Development; Future Horizons in Diffusion Imaging of the Brain.

No further information has been provided for this title.

In this volume, members of the International Translational Research Network on Orofacial Neurological Disorders and invited experts provide authoritative overviews of new aspects of motor function and sensation relating to neurological disorders in orofacial regions. Orofacial movements constitute fundamental motor patterns with essential roles in consummatory behavior, self-care, defensive and attack behaviors, vocalization and, in higher mammals, verbal as well as non-verbal communication. Clinically, dysfunction in orofacial movement is evident in numerous dental, cranio-maxillo-facial and neuropsychiatric disorders, including dysphagia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Leading authors review state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

THE RICHARD AND JUDY BOOK CLUB PICK

THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER

A BBC RADIO 4 BOOK OF THE WEEK

SELECTED AS A BOOK OF THE YEAR BY THE TIMES

SELECTED AS A SUMMER READ BY THE SUNDAY TIMES, FINANCIAL TIMES, DAILY TELEGRAPH, THE TIMES AND THE MAIL ON SUNDAY

'Revelatory' Guardian

'A miracle' Telegraph

'Remarkable' Daily Mail

'A landmark book' Financial Times

How do you build a life when all that you know is changing?

How do you conceive of love when you can no longer recognise those who mean the most to you?

A phenomenal memoir - the first of its kind - Somebody I Used to Know is both a heart-rending tribute to the woman Wendy Mitchell once was, and a brave affirmation of the woman dementia has seen her become.

This volume of "Progess in Brain Research" follows on from the 32nd International Symposium of the Groupe de recherche sur le systeme nerveux central (GRSNC), May 2010, and aims to provide an overview of the various neural mechanisms that contribute to learning new motor and sensory skills, and to adapting to changed circumstances, including the use of devices and implants to substitute for lost sensory or motor abilities (brain machine interfaces). The focus is on recent developments covering five major themes: Mechanisms to improve motor performanceNeuro-rehabilitation of motor functionMechanisms to enhance sensory perceptionCross modal interationc for enhancing sensorimotor performanceAssistive technologies to enhance sensorimotor performance
Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist"

Calcium ions represent Mother Nature's 'ion-of-choice' for regulating fundamental physiological functions, as they initiate a new life at the time of fertilization and guide subsequent developmental and physiological functions of the human body. Calcium channels, which act as gated pathways for the movement of calcium ions across the membranes, play a central part in the initiation of calcium signals, and defects in calcium channel function have been found to result in a plethora of human diseases, referred to as the calcium channelopathies. Pathologies of Calcium Channels brings together leading international experts to discuss our current understanding of human diseases associated with the various calcium channels, from their molecular basis to potential future therapeutic targeting of calcium channels.

This volume follows on from the symposium "Brain Machine Interfaces - Implications for science, clinical practice and society," held on August 26th-29th 2010 in Ystad, Sweden, and features contributions from pioneers and leading scientists in the field of BMI and motor systems physiology, including spinal cord, basal ganglia and motor cortex. The wide range of topics covered include implants for mind control of prostheses and in robotics, clinical and experimental research on Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson s disease, depression and Alzheimer s disease, cochlear implants, retinal implants, novel flexible micro- and nano-electrode implants, safety aspects including acute and chronic tissue reactions to implants and on ethical issues in DBS. Program and abstracts from the individual contributors can be found on http: //www.med.lu.se/nrc/bmi_symposium.
Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist"

In the later stages of gestation, fetal functions undergo increasing change and development, preparing the fetus for the transition to its postnatal environment. Rapid maturation is witnessed in breathing, swallowing, sensory functions, sleep, and many other processes, with corresponding behavioral changes. By 35 to 40 weeks of gestation, fetuses are capable of living ex utero without support, but it is increasingly appreciated that even infants born at between 35 and 36 weeks can suffer long-term consequences. This book, which complements the author's previous volume on development of normal fetal movements during the first 25 weeks of gestation, discusses in detail the full range of behavioral phenomena observed during the final 15 weeks of gestation, with careful analysis of their mutual relationships. A key feature is the outstanding photographic material, difficult to obtain at this late stage, and the instructive graphs that are also included. The information provided will alert clinicians to deviations from the norm and to physiologic phenomena that can turn pathologic in infants born prematurely.

Gray's Clinical Neuroanatomy focuses on how knowing functional neuroanatomy is essential for a solid neurologic background for patient care in neurology. Elliot Mancall, David Brock, Susan Standring and Alan Crossman present the authoritative guidance of Gray's Anatomy along with 100 clinical cases to highlight the relevance of anatomical knowledge in this body area and illustrate the principles of localization. Master complex, detailed, and difficult areas of anatomy with confidence. View illustrations from Gray's Anatomy and radiographs that depict this body area in thorough anatomical detail. Apply the principles of localization thanks to 100 brief case studies that highlight key clinical conditions. Tap into the anatomical authority of Gray's Anatomy for high quality information from a name you trust. Presents the guidance and expertise of a high profile team of authors and top clinical and academic contributors.

A timely overview covering the three major types of glial cells in the central nervous system - astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. New findings on glia biology are overturning a century of conventional thinking about how the brain operates and are expanding our knowledge about information processing in the brain. The book will present recent research findings on the role of glial cells in both healthy function and disease. It will comprehensively cover a broad spectrum of topics while remaining compact in size.

The Handbook of Clinical Neurology Vol 100: Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders discusses hyperkinetic disorders related mainly to basal ganglia dysfunction and pathology. It contains 13 sections and 51 chapters written by authoritative and experienced investigators and clinicians in this extremely broad and diverse group of diseases and syndromes. The first section on choreoathetoid diseases and syndromes includes chapters on Huntington's disease and Huntington's disease look-alikes; spinocerebellar degenerations; neuroacanthocytosis; entatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy; neuroferritinopathy; neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; mitochondrial disorders; acquired hepatocerebral degeneration; benign hereditary chorea; and "senile chorea." The remaining chapters focus on the abnormal involuntary movements associated with each disease or syndrome. These include immune-related chorea, vascular chorea, metabolic disturbances that can induce chorea, chorea in other medical settings (e.g., postpump chorea in children, cancer-related paraneoplastic syndromes), myoclonus, essential tremor, and dystonia, including dystonia plus syndromes. There are also chapters on tardive dyskinesia, unusual clinical syndromes, and tics and stereotyped movements in children. The text is a valuable resource for neurology and psychiatry residents, practicing neurologists and psychiatrists, and specialists in movement disorders.