The Substance of Language Volume I: The Domain of Syntax Volume II: Morphology Paradigms, and Periphrases Volume III: Phonology-Syntax Analogies John M. Anderson The three volumes of The Substance of Language collectively overhaul linguistic theory from phonology to semantics and syntax to pragmatics and offer a full account of how the form/function relationship works in language. Each explores the consequences for the investigation of language of a conviction that all aspects of linguistic structure are grounded in the non-linguistic mental faculties on which language imposes its own structure. The first and third look at how syntax and phonology are fed by a lexical component that includes morphology and which unites representations in the two planes. The second examines the way morphology is embedded in the lexicon as part of the expression of the lexicon-internal relationships of words. Morphology , Paradigms, and Periphrases is concerned with the role of the lexicon, in particular its inflectional morphology, in mediating between the substantively different categories of syntax and phonology. In the first part of the book Professor Anderson looks at the central role of the paradigm in reconciling the demands of syntactic categorization with the available means of expression. He examines the expressive role of inflection, illustrating his argument with Old English verb morphology. In the second part of the book the author pursues the notion of grammatical periphrasis. He starts out from its role as a solver of the problem of defective or incomplete paradigms and then compares it with other analytic expressions. He concludes with a discussion of why studies of grammatical periphrasis have focused on verbal constructions. He looks at the mechanism by which grammatical periphrases compensate for gaps in the finite verb paradigm and what this reveals about the substantive differences between verbs and nouns. The many detailed proposals of John Anderson's fine trilogy are derived from an over-arching conception of the nature of linguistic knowledge that is in turn based on the grounding of syntax in semantics and the grounding of phonology in phonetics, both convincingly subsumed under the notion of cognitive salience. The Substance of Language is a major contribution to linguistic theory and the history of linguistic thought.

Even though second-language learners may master the grammar and vocabulary of the new languages, they almost never achieve a native phonology (accent). Scholars and professionals dealing with second-language learners would agree that this is one of the most persistent challenges they face.
Now, for the first time, Roy Major's "Foreign Accent" covers the exploding scholarship in this area and lays out the issues specifically for audiences in the second language acquisition and applied linguistics community.

This book provides a detailed examination of the phonetics and phonology of consonant strength, drawing data from parallel acoustic and articulatory studies of English and Spanish, as well as a cross-linguistic survey of lenition and fortition. Explicit predictions about strength are tested for consonants of all manners of articulation, revealing evidence for aspects of several prevalent phonological views of lenition.
This book will be of interest to scholars of phonology, phonetics, and the phonetics-phonology interface. It includes a detailed discussion of methodology, as well as illustrative spectrograms and palatograms.

The main focus of this timely volume is phonological acquisition or the process of mastering a second language facilitated by guidance and direction. This thematic volume of recent research in the field comes at a time when phonology - always one of the liveliest areas of theoretical linguistic inquiry - is starting to enjoy a much-deserved resurgence of interest and writings within the realm of second-language acquisition. The scope of coverage in this volume includes phonological acquisition as well as requirements of language education where phonology refers not only to linguistically relevant dimensions of speech but related concerns of psychology as well.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book focuses on a century of language change, starting early in the 20th century when Standard Afrikaans first emerged. Different areas of language use are explored, such as pronoun use, tenses, possession, and connectives. The changes in these areas are divided into three categories of types of change: paradigmatic changes, grammaticalization, and discursive and socio-cultural changes. The book also includes a short history of the standardization of Afrikaans and brief discussions of some relevant ideological issues. The second and final chapters include an in-depth discussion of the theory of language change and language evolution, as well as reflections on what language change is and how it proceeds. The role of language contact in language change, and language-external influences, are also considered.

This work is an investigation of the relation between prosodic structure, intonational structure and focus realisation in European Portuguese and is discussed from a cross-linguistic perspective, with special reference to languages like English, Dutch, German, different varieties of Italian, and Bengali. Also relevant to a general understanding of the prosodic reflexes of focus are languages like Hungarian, Korean, Basque and Wolof.

Volume I is the first of two volumes that document the three components of the CHILDES Project. It is divided into two parts which provide an introduction to the use of computational tools for studying language learning. The first part is the CHAT manual, which describes the conventions and principles of CHAT transcription and recommends specific methods for data collection and digitization. The second part is the CLAN manual, which describes the uses of the editor, sonic CHAT, and the various analytic commands. The book will be useful for both novice and experienced users of the CHILDES tools, as well as instructors and students working with transcripts of child language.
Volume II describes in detail all of the corpora included in the CHILDES database. The conversational interactions in the corpora come from monolingual children and their caregivers and siblings, as well as bilingual children, older school-aged children, adult second-language learners, children with various types of language disabilities, and aphasic recovering from language loss. The database includes transcripts in 26 different languages.
The CD-ROM that accompanies these volumes includes the transcript files described in Volume II. It runs on both Windows and Macintosh platforms. For more information or updates to the files, visit the CHILDES Web site at http: //childes.psy.cmu.edu

The Sounds of Language provides an accessible, general introduction to phonetics with a special emphasis on English.

Tuvaluan is a Polynesian language spoken by the 9000 inhabitants of the nine atolls of Tuvalu in the Central Pacific, as well as small and growing Tuvaluan communities in Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia. This grammar is the first detailed description of the structure of Tuvaluan, one of the least well-documented languages of Polynesia. While the language shares features commonly found amongst Polynesian languages, it exhibits a number of divergent features of interest to scholars of Pacific languages, comparative linguistics, language typology, and language universals. The text explores the syntax, morphology, and phonology of the language, as well as selected features of the lexicon. It pays particular attention to discourse and sociolinguistics factors at play in the structural organization of the language.

This collection of papers addresses new trends in Cognitive Linguistics. Three parts of the book focus on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Integration Network Analysis. Both the theoretical contributions and the empirical case studies stress the importance of contextual factors in the meaning making processes. They employ qualitative methods to analyze the use of metaphor in political discourse and in the conceptualization of emotions. The data sets include multimodal data, sign languages and co-speech gestures. The fourth part of the book contains two corpus-based studies. The fifth part concentrates on the grammatical categories of passive voice and aspect. One contribution discusses the problem of categorization in phonology.

This book is an attempt to define the concept of metrical foot in acoustic terms. The foot constituent has been approached from various theoretical standpoints. Little attention, however, has been devoted to its empirical justification. The author explores the possiblity that the foot is a purely vocalic constituent and can be described as a complex network of inter- and intravocalic relations between duration, pitch and intensity. He argues that a number of quantitative processes, like pre-fortis clipping or final lengthening, are inexplicable without reference to the foot. Convincing arguments are provided for the vowel-based isochrony which is derivative of the quantitative processes operating within the foot. The author also points out ways in which these empirical results may be incorporated into phonological theory.

This book presents a comprehensive, contrastive account of the phonological structures and characteristics of Icelandic and Faroese. It is written for Nordic linguists and theoretical phonologists interested in what the languages reveal about phonological structure and phonological change and the relation between morphology, phonology, and phonetics. The book is divided into five parts. In the first Professor Arnason provides the theoretical and historical context of his investigation. Icelandic and Faroese originate from the West-Scandinavian or Norse spoken in Norway, Iceland and part of the Scottish Isles at the end of the Viking Age. The modern spoken languages are barely intelligible to each other and, despite many common phonological characteristics, exhibit differences that raise questions about their historical and structural relation and about phonological change more generally. Separate parts are devoted to synchronic analysis of the sounds of the languages, their phonological oppositions, syllabic structure and phonotactics, lexical morphophonemics, rhythmic structure, intonation and postlexical variation. The book draws on the author's and others' published work and presents the results of original research in Faroese and Icelandic phonology.

First published in 1988. This study examines a number of issues arising in multitiered nonlinear phonology in the light of the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP), which prohibits adjacent identical elements at the melodic level, and aims to provide another kind of evidence for segment-internal tier articulation. This title will be of particular interest to students of linguistics.

First published in 1995. This investigation shows that cliticization is not a totally unified phenomenon. Asymmetries in the behaviour of phonological and syntactic clitics show that no single principle predicts all clitic behaviour. The study explores the idea that modifications to the original five parameter system of analysis can be altered to a more efficient analysis in terms of three parameters. This title will be of interest to students of phonetics and phonology.

This work elucidates the nature of the notion of Locality in phonology, describing the minimal conditions under which sounds assimilate to one another. The central thesis is that a sound can assimilate to another sound only if gestural contiguity is established between these two sounds. The argument supporting the central thesis of this book is unique in bringing evidence from articulatory dynamics, electromyography, and cross-linguistic sound patterns to converge on the same notion.

First published in 1989. The development of morphological and phonological theory within the broad framework of generative grammar poses a number of important questions concerning the mutual relationship of phonology and morphology. This study aims to answer these questions. On the basis of Polish and English language material, the author examines the most important aspects of phonology-morphology interaction, and suggests the best model with which to describe these phenomena.

First published in 1967. The problems of theoretical phonology are among the most controversial in linguistics. This monograph is a step towards an adequate logical reconstruction of phonological theories and is mainly concerned with Z. S. Harris' structuralist theory, one of the principal phonological theories of the present day. Topics covered in the work include almost all essential problems of theoretical phonology. The author establishes a set of basic concepts which define almost all other concepts of phonology, and gives an axiomatic characterisation of these concepts. The notion of a unit-length segment is analysed and defined, and a precise formulation of the principles of distribution is given. The author offers a formal analysis of the notion of a phoneme, and finally formulates and discusses fundamental hypotheses of phonology.

First published in 1991. In this study, the author investigates the proper treatment of harmony processes in phonological theory. The data examined lead to a formulation of morphologically governed harmony processes which involves multi-planar representations. The analysis of multi-planar harmony leads into a discussion of Plane Conflation and Bracket Erasure in Lexical Phonology. This title will be of great interest to students of linguistics.

First published in 1980. This study has two basic goals. The first is to provide an explicit and coherent analysis of a variety of phonological and morphological processes within the grammars of a number of different dialects of Dakota. The second is to investigate the relevance of certain aspects of the proposed analysis to particular tenets of the general theory of transformational generative phonology and of recent proposals regarding the role of morphology within a generative framework. This title will be of great interest to students of linguistics.

First published in 1976. This title presents a study of Yucatec Maya segmental phonology by children. The aim of the study is to describe the phonological systems revealed in the speech of group of children in order to determine the kinds of structural differences which exist among these pedolectal variants. This title will be of great interest to students of linguistics.

First published in 1985. This title is a study in the synchronic and diachronic phonology and morphology of the Mercian dialect of Old English. It is particularly concerned with issues in the theory of phonology that have been the subject of the 'abstractness controversy', which developed in response to the theory of phonology put forward by Chomsky and Hale. This title will be of interest to students of English language and linguistics.

First published in 1996. This book examines the phonetics and phonology of Korean prosody. Based on phonetic experiments, it proposes intonationally marked prosodic constituents above the word which condition various connected speech phenomena. This title will be of interest to students of language and linguistics.

First published in 1986. The purpose of this collection of articles is to explore in depth the notational model dependency phonology, and also to offer rival, non-dependency-based accounts of aspects of suprasegmental and intrasegmental structure. Dependency and Non-Linear Phonology offers an introduction to dependency phonology that does not presuppose any knowledge of this framework and points out some of the major differences between dependency phonology and competing systems of representations. The book will also act as a guide to current debates in the field of 'non-linear' phonology.

This work, first published in 1995, is primarily addressed to phonologists interested in speech and to speech engineers interested in phonology, two groups of people with very different expectations about what constitutes a convincing, rigorous study. The subject matter, the application of autosegmental theory for Markov modeling, is technical, but not really esoteric - autosegmental theory is at the core of contemporary phonology and Markov models are the main tool of speech recognition. Therefore, it is hoped that anyone interested in at least one of these two fields will be able to follow the presentation.