An innovative theory proposes a new therapeutic strategy to break the stalemate in the war on cancer. It is called cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, and Lucie Laplane offers a comprehensive analysis, based on an original interdisciplinary approach that combines biology, biomedical history, and philosophy. Rather than treat cancer by aggressively trying to eliminate all cancerous cells-with harmful side effects for patients-CSC theory suggests the possibility of targeting the CSCs, a small fraction of cells that lie at the root of cancers. CSCs are cancer cells that also have the defining properties of stem cells-the abilities to self-renew and to differentiate. According to this theory, only CSCs and no other cancer cells can induce tumor formation. To date, researchers have not agreed on the defining feature of CSCs-their stemness. Drawing from a philosophical perspective, Laplane shows that there are four possible ways to understand this property: stemness can be categorical (an intrinsic property of stem cells), dispositional (an intrinsic property whose expression depends on external stimuli), relational (an extrinsic property determined by a cell's relationship with the microenvironment), or systemic (an extrinsic property controlled at the system level). Our ability to cure cancers may well depend upon determining how these definitions apply to different types of cancers.

Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Activity Applications offers the most accessible, student-friendly introduction to the principles and practice of measurement in physical activity available. Fully revised and updated, the second edition provides students with a clear guide to the obstacles to good measurement, and how to apply the principles of good measurement to a range of physical activity disciplines. Spanning applications in exercise science, sports performance, physical education, sports coaching, athletic training, and physical activity and health, the book also includes chapters on the key principles underlying good measurement practice-validity, reliability, and objectivity-as well as an introduction to using statistics and qualitative measurement. Structured to reflect single-semester classes, and involving students at every stage through its rich pedagogy and accessibility, this is a crucial resource for introducing students to the principles of best practice in measurement and evaluation. It is the ideal learning aid for any students studying measurement, evaluation, or assessment in kinesiology, exercise science, sports coaching, physical education, athletic training, and health and fitness.

Nurses! Test Yourself in Anatomy and Physiology, 2nd Edition, has been fully revised and updated, with new and expanded features, to remain the essential self-test resource for nurses studying basic anatomy and physiology and preparing for exams. This book includes over 500 questions, each with fully explained answers. These include: *50 A&P illustrations and puzzle grids *Over 200 glossary terms *Multiple choice questions *True or false questions *Labelling exercises *Match the terms *Fill in the blank questions Each main body system has its own chapter, so you can get in depth practice for your exams. Body systems covered include: *Integumentary system *Musculoskeletal system *Nervous system *Endocrine system *Cardiovascular system *Respiratory system *Digestive system *Urinary system *Immune and lymphatic system *Male & female reproductive system Self-testing is an effective activity in improving active learning. This book will help nursing students with their learning and recall in a subject they often report to find difficult. Covering all the main topics relevant to nursing and including varied exercises, this book will prove be an effective aid alongside standard textbooks for any student studying anatomy and physiology. Dr Jim Jolly Lecturer School of Healthcare University of Leeds. This book is an excellent resource for students and their teachers as it complements all core anatomy and physiology text books and curricula no matter how the content is sequenced. The book covers all of the main systems in the body along with the fundamentals underpinning students' understanding of core concepts in physiology. The use of a self-assessment approach stimulates students to actively engage with the material while they self-correct and learn. The book is a gift to all nursing students revising for examinations that assess the anatomy and physiology component of their programme. I highly recommend this book. Dr. Margarita Corry, Registered Nurse Teacher and Academic, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin. Katherine Rogers is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Queen's University Belfast, UK. Bill Scott is a Senior Lecturer and Researcher in Biomedicine at Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Ireland.

An understanding of the scientific principles underpinning the learning and execution of fundamental and skilled movements is of central importance in disciplines across the sport and exercise sciences. The second edition of Motor Control, Learning and Development: Instant Notes offers students an accessible, clear and concise introduction to the core concepts of motor behavior, from learning through to developing expertise. Including two brand new chapters on implicit versus explicit learning and motor control and aging, this new edition is fully revised and updated, and covers: definitions, theories and measurements of motor control; information processing, neurological issues and sensory factors in control; theories and stages of motor learning; memory and feedback; the development of fundamental movement skills; and the application of theory to coaching and rehabilitation practice. Highly illustrated and well-formatted, the book allows readers to grasp complex ideas quickly, through learning objectives, research highlights, review questions and activities, and encourages students to deepen their understanding through further reading suggestions. This is important foundational reading for any student taking classes in motor control, learning or behavior or skill acquisition, or a clear and concise reference for any practicing sports coach, physical education teacher or rehabilitation specialist.

Bundle includes: 9781119576488 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology: For Nursing and Healthcare Students, 3rd Edition A concise yet comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the human body. Written with the needs of nursing and healthcare students in mind, this best-selling textbook incorporates clinical examples and scenarios throughout to illustrate how the topics covered are applied in practice. Hundreds of full-colour illustrations complement numerous case studies encompassing all fields of nursing practice, alongside learning outcomes, self-assessment tests and other effective learning tools. 9781119699491 Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology: An Essential Guide for Nursing and Healthcare Students, 4th Edition A highly visual and accessible introduction to pathophysiology for nursing and healthcare students, including brand-new content on homeostasis, a systematic approach to assessment, and key terminology. The book features links to clinical observations, vital signs to observe, investigation boxes, clinical red flags, medication alerts, and the latest, contemporary evidence for care management, including National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2).

Laboratory and Field Exercises in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics is the first book to fully integrate practical work into an introduction to the fundamental principles of sport and exercise biomechanics. The book concisely and accessibly introduces the discipline of biomechanics and describes the fundamental methods of analysing and interpreting biomechanical data, before fully explaining the major concepts underlying linear kinematics, linear kinetics, angular kinematics, angular kinetics and work, energy and power. To supplement chapters, the book includes nineteen practical worksheets which are designed to give students practice in collecting, analysing, and interpreting biomechanical data, as well as report writing. Each worksheet includes example data and analysis, along with data recording sheets for use by students to help bring the subject to life. No other book offers students a comparable opportunity to gain practical, hands-on experience of the core tenets of biomechanics. Laboratory and Field Exercises in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics is, therefore, an important companion for any student on a Sport and Exercise Science or Kinesiology undergraduate programme, or for any instructors delivering introductory biomechanics classes.

Laboratory and Field Exercises in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics is the first book to fully integrate practical work into an introduction to the fundamental principles of sport and exercise biomechanics. The book concisely and accessibly introduces the discipline of biomechanics and describes the fundamental methods of analysing and interpreting biomechanical data, before fully explaining the major concepts underlying linear kinematics, linear kinetics, angular kinematics, angular kinetics and work, energy and power. To supplement chapters, the book includes nineteen practical worksheets which are designed to give students practice in collecting, analysing, and interpreting biomechanical data, as well as report writing. Each worksheet includes example data and analysis, along with data recording sheets for use by students to help bring the subject to life. No other book offers students a comparable opportunity to gain practical, hands-on experience of the core tenets of biomechanics. Laboratory and Field Exercises in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics is, therefore, an important companion for any student on a Sport and Exercise Science or Kinesiology undergraduate programme, or for any instructors delivering introductory biomechanics classes.

A New Scientist Best Book of 2020 How is it that a baboon and a blob of slime mould instinctively know what to eat for optimal health, balancing their protein, fat and carb intake in perfect proportions? In new, groundbreaking research that is transforming our understanding of nutrition, animals from locusts to lions and yes, humans too, demonstrate the remarkable science behind appetite. Appetite communicates the body's nutritional needs to the brain, and eating in accordance with your body's demands, like the animals, should ensure optimal health, but the modern fast food world wreaks havoc on this evolutionarily honed system. In several landmark studies, Raubenheimer and Simpson prove that appetite can be hacked – we can eat for optimal health, for increased fertility or for a longer lifespan. Understanding the science of the appetite offers tremendous power in shaping our bodies and controlling our lives. ** Previously published as Eat Like the Animals **

Melatonin is a powerful hormone and antioxidant with numerous effects on the metabolism and the health of humans. Available as a dietary supplement in the United States since 1993, it is one of the most popular over-the-counter alternative remedies available. Comprising contributions from researchers who have studied the role of melatonin in various disease and physiological states, Melatonin in the Promotion of Health, Second Edition provides a wide variety of expert reviews on the biology of melatonin relevant to health. Beginning with a history of melatonin and its relation to circadian rhythms, the book examines its use in a host of applications, including: Gut motility and gastrointestinal diseases Anesthesia and surgery Bone health Breast cancer Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes Age-related macular degeneration and uveitis Melanoma, solar skin damage, and collagen synthesis The prevention of DNA damage Mental disorders, sleep, and issues related to jet lag and shift work The data gathered from a large number of carefully controlled animal and human studies have clearly implicated melatonin in the control mechanisms of a wide variety of physiological and psychological activities, making it a potent candidate for therapeutic use in the treatment of a diverse range of diseases. This volume demonstrates that continued studies of this molecule raise the exciting prospect of providing new avenues of treating numerous diseases more effectively and with less side-effects than those found in conventional treatment modalities.

International Research in Science and Soccer II showcases the very latest research into the world's most widely played sport. With contributions from scientists, researchers and practitioners working at every level of the game, from grassroots to elite level, the book covers every key aspect of preparation and performance, including: * performance and match analysis; * training and testing; * physiotherapy and injury prevention; * biomechanics; * youth development; * women's soccer; * sport science and coaching; * sport psychology. Sports scientists, trainers, coaches, physiotherapists, medical doctors, psychologists, educational officers and professionals working in soccer will find this in-depth, comprehensive volume an essential and up-to-date resource. The chapters contained within this volume were first presented at The Fourth World Conference on Science and Soccer, held in Portland, Oregon, in June 2014 under the auspices of the World Commission of Science and Sports.

Fluids and Electrolytes: Essentials for Healthcare Practice is designed to give a solid understanding of fluid and electrolyte physiology and its implications for practice, including acid-base balance and intravenous (IV) therapy, in a concise and easily understandable format. Chapters incorporate physiological, developmental and practical aspects, highlighting some of the key issues that arise from childhood to old age. This accessible text is presented with clear graphical representations of key processes, numerous tables and contains interesting facts to explore some common myths about human fluid and electrolyte physiology. A valuable resource for healthcare students, this book also provides a strong comprehensive overview for practitioners, nurses, physiotherapists and paramedics.

Nutrition plays a key role in prevention of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Diet influences a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic risk factors, notably a cluster including excess adiposity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism and high blood pressure. In the face of the rapidly increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes, maintaining cardiometabolic health through adoption of a healthy lifestyle is a top public health priority. In this book, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, international experts present state-of-the-art scholarly reviews of dietary and lifestyle effects on metabolic systems associated with cardiovascular health and disease. It covers a broad range of topics including biological and behavioral processes regulating food intake; lifestyle and surgical approaches to weight loss; nutritional considerations for optimal cardiometabolic health across the lifespan; the relationship of macronutrients, whole foods and dietary patterns to diabetes and cardiovascular disease; and diet as a modulator of gene expression, epigenetics and the gut microbiome and the relationship of these traits to disorders of metabolism. This book provides its readers with an authoritative view of the present state of knowledge of dietary effects on cardiometabolic health and will be of interest to nutrition and healthcare professionals alike.

Chronic disease states of aging should be viewed through the prism of metabolism and biophysical processes at all levels of physiological organization present in the human body. The first volumeconnects these insights to what causes them to go awry in the context of unhealthy human behaviors and aging, aiming to buttress scientific creativity. It also provides links between the art and science of medicine that strengthens problem-solving in patient care. New and important discoveries in the area of metabolic health and metabolic diseases are discussed in exquisite detail. The second volume describes the building blocks of understanding from a reasonable but not high-level technical language viewpoint, employing the perspective of a clinical physician. It brings together concepts from five specific branches of physics relevant to biology and medicine, namely, biophysics, classical electromagnetism, thermodynamics, systems biology and quantum mechanics.

Sports surface design is crucial for the successful performance of sports skills and the reduction of injury risk. Surfaces have developed from natural materials such as turf, clay and cinder, to synthetic surfaces such as acrylic tennis courts, artificial turf for soccer and synthetic running tracks, while our understanding of natural turf has developed in terms of properties appropriate for different sports and surface sustainability. This book draws together the very latest research on biomechanical, medical and engineering approaches to the study of sports surfaces. Written by a team of leading international sport scientists, engineers and technologists, the book covers every key aspect of surface development and design, including: surface behaviour surface classification, function, construction and maintenance influence of surfaces on player performance and injury surface test methods and monitoring development of natural turf and synthetic surfaces shoe-turf interaction future developments in sports surface technology. Representing the most comprehensive and up-to-date study of sports surfaces, this book is important reading for all researchers and professionals working in sports technology, sports engineering, biomechanics or sports medicine.

Gallstone and other diseases of the biliary tract affect more than around 20% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, acute pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice, can be lethal. This is the first book to systematically treat biliary tract and gallbladder modelling with physiological and clinical information in a biomechanical context. The book provides readers with detailed biomechanical modelling procedures for the biliary tract and gallbladder based on physiological information, clinical observations and experimental data and with the results properly interpreted in terms of clinical diagnosis and with biomechanical mechanisms for biliary diseases. The text can be used as a reference book for university undergraduates, postgraduates and professional researchers in applied mathematics, biomechanics, biomechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, as well as related surgeons.

Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, systematically details the effects of acute and chronic exercise training on each component of the cardiovascular system: the heart, the vasculature, and the blood (including blood clotting factors). Students and professionals working within exercise science and related health professions will gain a comprehensive understanding of the cardiovascular system and learn how to apply this knowledge to their work. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, highlights the complex interaction of the components of the cardiovascular system, both at rest and during exercise. Using the latest scientific and medical research, this text presents an engaging discussion of cardiovascular responses and adaptions to both aerobic and resistance exercise training, and it offers readers possible future directions for research. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of exercise and the mechanisms through which regular exercise promotes cardioprotection. The second edition incorporates new topics and expanded information on the following: Ventricular hypertrophy Central blood pressure and its measurement Pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and relevant measurement techniques Blood pressure during exercise and its clinical importance The effects of prolonged acute exercise on cardiac arterial and hemostatic function Endothelial function, including the impact of aging and sex, and potential mechanisms An individual's response and adaptation to both resistance training and aerobic training The second edition of Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology uses a larger format to showcase its richly illustrated contents. Updated figures and graphics visually elucidate physiological mechanisms to depict exercise responses and training adaptations. Each chapter begins with chapter objectives and ends with a summary to help students retain important content. Fifteen case studies are included in the text to showcase the application of chapter material. Key terms are boldfaced throughout the text and are defined at the end of each chapter. In addition, sidebars describe real-world examples and applications. This text is divided into two sections. The first section offers a concise explanation of the structure and function of each component of the cardiovascular system. In the second section, readers encounter a detailed discussion of the acute and chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac function, vascular function, and hemostatic variables. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, provides a framework for understanding how the components of the cardiovascular system cooperate to support exercise and how those components adapt to and benefit from a systematic program of exercise training.

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Physiology is the science of life, and sets out to understand how living things work and what makes them distinct from the non-living. It considers how our bodies are supplied with energy, how they maintain their internal parameters, the ways in which we gather and process information, the ways we take action, and the creation of new generations. This Very Short Introduction explores the field of human physiology, considering how the body works, senses, reacts, and defends itself. As Jamie A. Davies shows, human life (and indeed, all life) is sustained by the interplay of a wide variety of physiological mechanisms and principles. He discusses the physiological experiments and research undertaken to understand these processes, and analyses the ethical issues involved. He also considers the evolution of the scientific field itself, showing how enhanced understandings of physiological knowledge can help inform medical research and care. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Clinical Exercise Science is an introduction to core principles and best practice in exercise science for students and practitioners working with clinical populations. Combining the latest scientific research with evidence-based, practitioner-led analysis, the book offers integrated coverage of the full clinical exercise curriculum, including: Pathophysiology of exercise and disease Exercise as a clinical intervention Exercise, nutrition, and lifestyle Health behaviour change Clinical skills in exercise science The book covers a wide range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, metabolic disease and mental health problems, and includes an array of useful features to guide student learning, such as case studies, study tasks, definitions of key terms and suggestions for further reading. With contributions from leading researchers and health practitioners, this is an invaluable foundation text for any clinical exercise science course, and useful reading for any student or practitioner working in exercise science, exercise rehabilitation, health science or physical therapy.

How Does the Body's Motor Control System Deal with Repetition? While the presence of nonlinear dynamics can be explained and understood, it is difficult to be measured. A study of human movement variability with a focus on nonlinear dynamics, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, examines the characteristics of human movement within this framework, explores human movement in repetition, and explains how and why we analyze human movement data. It takes an in-depth look into the nonlinear dynamics of systems within and around us, investigates the temporal structure of variability, and discusses the properties of chaos and fractals as they relate to human movement. Providing a foundation for the use of nonlinear analysis and the study of movement variability in practice, the book describes the nonlinear dynamical features found in complex biological and physical systems, and introduces key concepts that help determine and identify patterns within the fluctuations of data that are repeated over time. It presents commonly used methods and novel approaches to movement analysis that reveal intriguing properties of the motor control system and introduce new ways of thinking about variability, adaptability, health, and motor learning. In addition, this text: Demonstrates how nonlinear measures can be used in a variety of different tasks and populations Presents a wide variety of nonlinear tools such as the Lyapunov exponent, surrogation, entropy, and fractal analysis Includes examples from research on how nonlinear analysis can be used to understand real-world applications Provides numerous case studies in postural control, gait, motor control, and motor development Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability advances the field of human movement variability research by dissecting human movement and studying the role of movement variability. The book proposes new ways to use nonlinear analysis and investigate the temporal structure of variability, and enables engineers, movement scientists, clinicians, and those in related disciplines to effectively apply nonlinear analysis in practice.

The number of elderly patients with diabetes is increasing at a significant rate. Responding to this growth, this source serves as a solid arsenal of information on the varying presentations and challenges associated with diabetes in the geriatric patient, and supplies clearly written sections on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes in elderly populations. With contributions from renowned authorities from the national and international institutions, this reference will depict the role of specific co-morbidities, socioeconomic aspects, and caregiver issues on the effective management of diabetes in the older adult.

While nutrition is central to the management of diabetes, there is no one "diabetic diet". Nutritional prescriptions depend on the type of diabetes, food preferences, lifestyle, treatment regimen, comorbidities, state of health, and the route of caloric administration. Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is a comprehensive reference aimed at advancing physicians' knowledge of nutrition in relation to diabetes, allowing them to provide evidence-based recommendations for their diabetic patients. It also provides dietitians and diabetic educators with an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and medical treatment of diabetes. Written by scientists, clinicians, registered dietitians, and certified diabetes educators, this book reviews the molecular mechanisms of disease and drug therapy. It also provides recommendations for management with the level of evidence indicated where appropriate. In areas where little research data is available, the editors present recommendations based on extensive clinical experience. The book places particular focus on the synchronization of nutrient intake with medications, and provides unique clinical management tools, along with details of their ability to be replicated for patient use. To facilitate accessibility, it features evidence-based technical reviews of clinical literature and includes numerous tables and figures, with color photos of wound healing stages. Addressing all aspects of nutrition in adult diabetic and prediabetic patients, Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is an important referencefor those concerned with the dietary management of this disease.

DHEA and the Brain reviews a range of existing studies regarding DHEA administration to animals and humans. Chapter authors evaluate DHEA metabolism in tissues and organs, explore DHEA effects in the liver that may be of importance to the brain, and discuss recent findings regarding how DHEA is made in the brain. New perspectives about the neuroprotective effects of DHEA are presented, as well as insight related to DHEA metabolism in the brain. A number of health benefits have been associated with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), including anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetes, immuno-stimulating, and memory-enhancing effects. This has prompted millions of people to take this hormone as a daily nutritional supplement. However, there is some concern that prolonged self-administration may result in future health problems, as well as unease about potential side effects due to the production of steroid derivatives in the tissues. Featuring an esteemed panel of contributors, this volume provides an authoritative overview of the research concerning DHEA and the brain. It presents a variety of innovative approaches and ideas for future investigations into the physiological actions of this hormone.