This book discusses the community of microbial species (the microbiota, microbiome), which inhabits the large bowel of humans. Written from the perspective of an academic who has been familiar with the topic for 40 years, it provides a long-term perspective of knowledge about this high profile and fast-moving topic. Building on general ecological principles, the book aims to help the reader to understand how the microbiota is formed, how it works, and what the consequences are to humans. Understanding the Gut Microbiota focuses on conceptual progress made from studies of the human bowel microbiota. Where appropriate, it draws on knowledge obtained from other animal species to provide conceptual enlightenment, but this is essentially a book about humans and their bowel microbes. Particular research approaches are recommended to fill knowledge gaps so that fundamental ecological theory and information about the microbiota can be translated into benefits for human health. The relationship between food for humans and resulting food for bowel bacteria emerges as an important topic for consideration. This concise scholarly treatise of the microbiota of the human bowel will be of great interest and use as a text and reference work for professionals, teachers and students across a wide range of disciplines, including the health sciences, general biology, and food science and technology. The provision of handy explanation of terms means that those with a general interest in science can also read the book with enjoyment.

In this book, the physiotherapist, sleep specialist or general health-care provider finds a detailed review about what can be done to handle Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movements in terms of scientifically proven exercise and physical interventions in physiotherapy daily practice. For those new to the field, there's a basic overview of sleep and it's disorders, followed by chapters about the Restless Legs Syndrome and its companion disorder, the Periodic Leg Movements. Special patients force us to reinvent and think again the ways we deal with disorders. In this book, the health-care provider will gain a fresh perspective to deal with Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movements in all patients alike.

This book discusses the two different cellular approaches that are pursued in regenerative medicine: cell therapy and tissue engineering. It examines in detail the therapeutic application of hematopoietic stem cells in marrow regeneration, multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells. The interest in MSCs can be seen in more than 150 clinical trials, some of which have progressed to Phase III, despite the cells' limited differentiation potential. The book also explores how embryonic stem (ES) cells, being pluripotent in nature, can resolve some of the problems associated with adult stem cells, yet entail other challenges like risks of teratoma formation and immune rejection. A separate chapter deals with the role of noncoding RNAs in neuronal commitment of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Chapters like "Cord blood banking in India and the global scenario"; "3D bioprinting of tissue" and others will make this book an extremely interesting read for all students, researchers and clinicians working in the area of regenerative medicine/stem cells. The book is broadly divided into two parts, the first of which is devoted to basic information on stem cells, and the second of which addresses potential clinical applications in the areas of hematology, cardiology, orthopedic and immune suppression, etc.

Close your eyes and ask yourself, 'what do I feel?' You might feel thirsty or tired. You might feel healthy and well or perhaps a little under the weather. Maybe you can feel that you are standing or that you are leaning over. You may also feel the world around you - the shape and texture of an apple in your hand, the feel of a chair you're sitting on. All these feelings have something in common, say psychologists and neuroscientists. They are all mental events, things that happen in the mind. But what if this is all wrong? What if it's not just the mind, but also the body itself that feels? And not merely physical sensations, but other feelings that seem to have nothing to do with bodies. Things like 'emotions' and 'intuitions' - joy or rage, anxiety or optimism, or the feeling of being hard done by or misunderstood? Drawing on the latest research and a range of classic and contemporary thought, How You Feel shows you that your brain and your body are two parts of a single system that creates your mind and mental life. You will discover that you don't have feelings, thoughts and emotions inside your body, you have them with your body. There can be no mind without the body. Psychology is no longer about the brain, or about 'mind and body', it is about the whole that is you.

Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Sport, now in its Eleventh edition, provides the reader with thorough coverage of the role nutrition plays in enhancing one's health, fitness, and sport performance. Current research and practical activities are incorporated throughout. This edition welcomes the addition of author, J. David Branch, along with the return of author Eric S. Rawson from the tenth edition, both of whom are actively involved in the disciplines of exercise physiology and sports nutrition, and who have used this textbook over the years to teach their university classes. The eleventh edition truly moves into blending the latest technology for individuals to utilize in combining nutritional and exercise choices for health and sports performance. Featured nutritional information includes the introduction to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics position stand on the total approach to healthy eating and to the latest report on Dietary Guidelines for Americans, while exercise and physical activity featured content includes the introduction to High Intensity Interval Training (HITT) and its possible application to exercise for health, along with the Compendium of Physical Activities. Enhanced discussion of the latest trends of various exercise applications (apps) and personal digital fitness measurement equipment, such as fitness bands and fitness watches, are also hallmarks of the eleventh edition. More than 300 new references, including clinical studies, reviews, and meta-analyses, have also been added to the text.

Now in a fully updated and revised new edition, this is still the only up-to-date, practical guide to the use of technology in sport and exercise biomechanics. It includes detailed explanations of the key theory underlying biomechanics testing and measurement, along with advice concerning choice of equipment and using equipment effectively. The second edition includes two completely new chapters, on qualitative movement analysis and the assessment of movement coordination, and covers every key functional area in the biomechanics curriculum, including: motion analysis using video and on-line systems measurement of force and pressure measurement of power using isokinetic dynamometry electromyography computational simulation and modelling of human movement research methodologies data processing Published in association with the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES), the book includes contributions from world leading researchers and pioneers in the field of sport and exercise biomechanics.Biomechanical Evaluation of Movement in Sport and Exercise is a must-have text for all biomechanics laboratories and for any student undertaking a research project or taking a course in methods, measurement or analysis in biomechanics.

Unlike any other resource on the market, AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO HEALTH SCIENCES, 2E takes an all-in-one approach to preparing learners for careers in the health care industry. The book identifies the four basic building blocks of Health Sciences: anatomy and physiology, math, chemistry, and medical microbiology and then presents them in the context of health professions. Medical terminology and physics concepts are also covered. Rich illustrations, theory, practical applications, and humorous anecdotes all join together to help learners connect with the material as they learn it, fostering increased retention and comprehension. As a result, learners will gain valuable knowledge while also getting access to an insider look at health careers through the book's professional profiles. Exercises and case studies complement the comprehensive coverage and sharpen critical thinking skills, making this a complete package for anyone aiming to develop a foundational knowledge in the health sciences. Benefits: NEW Expands content with new chapters on Medical Microbiology and Infection Control and additional clinical related math concepts. NEW Reinforces concepts with StudyWARE? CD-ROM that contains interactive animations and videos that are integrated with the text. NEW Brings material to life with an exciting new text design and vivid, updated color illustrations, photos, and tables. NEW Offers deeper insights and anecdotes with new "Quotes and Notes" sections containing unique health and science-related facts and stories. Engages learners with user-friendly, conversational writing style rich with analogies and real-world stories. Enhances learning with strong pedagogical features, including objectives, key terms, and chapter reviews. Integrates major academic subjects and applies them to the "real world" of health sciences to create a total learning package. NEW Reinforces concepts with StudyWARE? CD-ROM that contains interactive anim

This book brings together the most up-to-date information on recent research results of leading laboratories on aging science in East Asia, particularly in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Starting with a comprehensive overview of various hypotheses on biological mechanisms of aging by Dr. Sataro Goto, each chapter covers broad aspects of the most recent findings in aging-related topics: centenarian studies and genome analysis of progeria, metabolic biochemistry and neurobiology, longevity controls in yeast and nematodes, oxidative stress and calorie restriction, and neurodegeneration mechanisms in Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, with further potential therapeutic approaches to these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Also included, in part, is a summary and the outcomes of a scientific discussion forum called the Asian Aging Core for Longevity (AACL) that has been held annually alternating between Japan and Korea during the last decade. This book can serve as a useful resource for finding appropriate collaborators in the areas it covers. The target readership is made up of graduate students and researchers at universities, medical and/or life-science schools, and biomedical and pharmaceutical institutes. Why does aging exist? How do we age? How is each organism's lifespan determined? These are fundamental questions in the field. We may be still far from achieving a complete view of aging mechanisms, but this book, Aging Mechanisms, offers an excellent opportunity to become familiar with the most updated progress in the biomedical research of aging in Japan and Korea, the two leading nations for human longevity.

Sunday Times bestseller We have a lifetime's association with our bodies, but for many of us they remain uncharted territory. In Adventures in Human Being, Gavin Francis leads the reader on a journey through health and illness, offering insights on everything from the ribbed surface of the brain to the secret workings of the heart and the womb; from the pulse of life at the wrist to the unique engineering of the foot. Drawing on his own experiences as a doctor and GP, he blends first-hand case studies with reflections on the way the body has been imagined and portrayed over the millennia. If the body is a foreign country, then to practise medicine is to explore new territory: Francis leads the reader on an adventure through what it means to be human. Both a user's guide to the body and a celebration of its elegance, this book will transform the way you think about being alive, whether in sickness or in health. Published in association with the Wellcome Collection. WELLCOME COLLECTION Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library that aims to challenge how we think and feel about health. Inspired by the medical objects and curiosities collected by Henry Wellcome, it connects science, medicine, life and art. Wellcome Collection exhibitions, events and books explore a diverse range of subjects, including consciousness, forensic medicine, emotions, sexology, identity and death. Wellcome Collection is part of Wellcome, a global charitable foundation that exists to improve health for everyone by helping great ideas to thrive, funding over 14,000 researchers and projects in more than 70 countries. wellcomecollection.org

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide, and it is becoming a public health concern. In this book, the pathophysiological risk factors of progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and the lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions for preventing or delaying the development of glucose intolerance is examined. Furthermore, the insulin signaling pathway regulates the cellular uptake of glucose and wholebody metabolic homeostasis in mammalians. This book explores the improvement of estrogen signaling in preventing the comorbidities of insulin resistance. The next chapter focuses on nutritional management during the perioperative period, focusing on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. There are three major problems for nutritional management during the perioperative period. These problems are addressed and suggestions are made on how to alleviate them. Finally, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disorder in Caucasians, affecting 1 in 2,500 - 2,800 live births. The last chapter examines impaired glucose tolerance in cystic fibrosis.

Offering a systematic comparative approach to Western and Eastern medicine, this unique textbook enables students and practitioners of Chinese medicine to develop a core understanding of conventional medical language and treatments. Acupuncture practitioners increasingly find themselves working alongside Western healthcare professionals. Now in its second edition, this book is a guide to conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments, and using examples drawn from the author's experience and knowledge of TCM it encourages reflection on how these diagnoses may be interpreted from a more holistic medical perspective. It includes introductory sections on physiology, pathology and pharmacology, chapters devoted to the physiological systems of the body and the conventional approach to the treatment of diseases that can affect them, and information on dealing with patients in practice. Accompanying online material, including self-testing questions and answers and checklists for revision, is available for those wishing to use the text for systematic study.

Fully updated, revised and consolidated into one single volume, the fourth edition of Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology offers the best theoretically contextualised, practical resource for instructors and students available. Incorporating substantial sections on kinanthropometry, exercise physiology, energy systems and the application of science in health and high performance settings, the book covers the basics of measurement in exercise science through to advanced methods, and includes brand new chapters on: Pre-exercise screening and health risk stratification Functional movement assessment Point of care testing Anthropometry standards Anaerobic power and capacity History of exercise for health benefits Monitoring training loads in high-performance athletes Measuring game style in team sports Offering on-line access to newly developed exercise science measurement tools through the Exercise Science Toolkit - www.exercisesciencetoolkit.com - no other book offers such a complete resource, from the science of kinanthropometry and exercise physiology to their applications in health and performance, through practical, interactive learning. This book is an essential companion for students on any sport and exercise science-related degree programme and any instructor leading practical, laboratory-based classes.

This up-to-date reference on the nutrition management of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) covers a wide range of these disorders, including phenylketonuria and other aminoacidopathies, organic acidemias, urea cycle disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, galactosemia and glycogen storage diseases. Guidance is also provided on laboratory evaluations and biochemical testing and monitoring. Topics such as newborn screening for IMD, as well as nutrition management during pregnancy and transplantation, are addressed. The book is based on 7 years of lectures delivered through Metabolic University - an interactive, didactic program designed to provide training to dietitians who work with individuals with IMD. This book provides the basic information required to manage nutrition care and is a resource for clinicians new to this complex field.

Trends indicate that the metabolic syndrome will become the leading risk factor for heart disease. Now more than ever you need an all-in-one reference that provides the tools and practical advice you need to: *Identify at-risk patients *Explain individual contributing factors *Aid in patient education and motivation *Direct comprehensive care and *Choose the most appropriate interventions Comprehensively revised to reflect leading-edge research and now organized to facilitate easy access to essential information and clinically-relevant guidance, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease, 2e offers this and more. Not only will you receive a solid understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease but also the rationale for today s most effective treatments. What s new? Filled with timely new content, this updated edition covers: * New discoveries that have changed our understanding of the pathogenesis and interrelationship of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CHD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) * The relevance of mitochondria and telomeres * Sleep and its impact on cardiometabolic health * The pivotal interplay between insulin and forkhead transcriptionfactors * Calorie restriction research * Bariatric surgery experiences and outcomes In addition, each chapter includes essential information on comorbidities, interventions, and pharmacotherapeutic options an exclusive feature found only in the second edition!

Filled with compelling case studies that connect key content to real-world health care scenarios, Memmler's Structure and Function of the Human Body , 11th Edition, provides easy-to-understand, beautifully illustrated coverage of the essentials of normal anatomy and physiology. The first text designed specifically to meet the needs of allied health students, this acclaimed resource has evolved over the years to address changing course requirements and student needs. This edition continues the tradition with a new, more accessible design, a wide range of new study tools, and a robust multimedia electronic ancillary package for both instructors and students. Throughout the book, anatomic art illustrates concepts with accuracy and simplicity; case studies highlighting anatomy and physiology demonstrate the relevance of the content to a career in the health professions; and hallmark pedagogy blends remediation, reinforcement, and real-world focus to ensure student success. * Personalized chapter-by-chapter quizzes powered by PrepU help students learn more and improve their pass rates on exams, while giving instructors a window into their students' progress by pinpointing misconceptions, strengths, and weaknesses. * A&P in Action boxes open each chapter with a scenario that integrates chapter content into a medical setting, bringing the information to life for students. * A&P in Action Revisitedboxes , which appear later in the chapter, expand on the opening scenario and encourage students to apply the chapter's concepts to the outcome of each case. * A full-body The Body Visible transparency insert assists students in performing a virtual dissection of the human body from skin down to bone and allows them to test themselves on their understanding of skin, muscles, bones, veins/arteries, etc. New associated chapter questions deepen student understanding. * New Process Diagrams ensure student mastery by calling out and illustrating the steps of a complex process, such as negative feedback control for maintaining homeostasis. * New Cadaver Photograph-related Questions help students apply anatomic knowledge to novel situations. * New Casepoints (in-chapter review questions) link content to the opening case study. * New Critical Thinking Questions that challenge students to apply concepts to the A&P in Action case study help them to understand how basic concepts of anatomy and physiology relate to clinical situations. * New Misconception Alerts , marked by an icon, point out common student misconceptions (identified by the PrepU adaptive quizzing program) to improve understanding of important ideas. * New One Step at a Time features expand on basic science concepts introduced in the case study or the text by walking students step-by-step through higher level critical thinking activities, such as developing scientific learning and problem-solving skills. * Checkpoint questions throughout each chapter help students review key points. * Hot Topicsboxes focus on cutting-edge topics and research, reinforcing the link between anatomy and physiology and everyday life. * Clinical Perspectives boxes focus on diseases and disorders related to the chapter, helping students understand what happens when the normal structure-function relationship breaks down. * Health Maintenanceboxes offer useful information on how to keep the body healthy. * A Closer Lookboxes provide in-depth scientific detail on selected topics. * Zooming In questions in the figure captions allow students to test their understanding of important visual aspects of the illustration. * A Look Backfeature provides a short paragraph highlighting content from prior chapters that will help students understand the current chapter. * Learning Objectives identify the important content to learn in each chapter. * A strong conceptual focus is reflected in more illustrations of basic biologic concepts and more learning diagrams that take students step-by-step through complex processes, such as sensory pathways, cardiac function, and nerve impulse transmission. * Ancillary callouts identify additional resources available online, such as animations, supplementary figures, a quiz bank, and health career information to enhance learning. * End-of-chapter study aids include a summary overview (visual outline), key terms (end-of-chapter list), a word anatomy (medical terminology) activity, and questions for study and review that test recall, comprehension, and critical thinking with a variety of question styles, including fill-in-the-blank, multiple-choice, short-answer, and short essay, as well as questions that require students to apply body process and system knowledge to the chapter-opening case study.

For nearly 30 years, Principles of Medical Biochemistry has integrated medical biochemistry with molecular genetics, cell biology, and genetics to provide complete yet concise coverage that links biochemistry with clinical medicine. The 4th Edition of this award-winning text by Drs. Gerhard Meisenberg and William H. Simmons has been fully updated with new clinical examples, expanded coverage of recent changes in the field, and many new case studies online. A highly visual format helps readers retain complex information, and USMLE-style questions (in print and online) assist with exam preparation. Just the right amount of detail on biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics - in one easy-to-digest textbook. Full-color illustrations and tables throughout help students master challenging concepts more easily. Online case studies serve as a self-assessment and review tool before exams. Glossary of technical terms, both in print and online. Clinical Boxes and Clinical Content demonstrate the integration of basic sciences and clinical applications, helping readers make connections between the two. New clinical examples have been added throughout the text. Student Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience includes access -- on a variety of devices -- to the complete text, images, and references from the book.

This workbook complements Anatomy & Physiology for Therapists and Healthcare Professionals but can also be used in conjunction with any other book intended for level 2 or 3. It is the perfect study and revision aid and can be used either in class or as a separate self-study resource. It contains: a section in which students are encouraged to learn for themselves and revise their work. They are guided through creating mind-maps, spider diagrams, cue cards, mnemonics, and summaries that will help them understand and memorise their work; a section in which they have a series of exercises that test their knowledge in different ways - colouring in and labelling diagrams, matching columns, filling in gaps, problem-solving exercises, cross words, word searches, true/false exercises, and unjumbling words; vocabulary tests; multiple choice questions; mock exam papers - 14 exam papers containing multiple choice questions which cover the entire anatomy & physiology syllabus.

Addressing one of the biggest riddles in current molecular cell biology, this ground-breaking monograph builds the case for the crucial involvement of lipids and membranes in the formation of amyloid deposits. Tying together recent knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studes, and built on a sound biophysical and biochemical foundation, this overview brings the reader up to date with current models of the interplay between membranes and amyloid formation.
Required reading for any researcher interested in amyloid formation and amyloid toxicity, and possible avenues for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
From the contents:
* Interactions of Alpha-Synuclein with Lipids
* Interaction of hIAPP and its Precursors with Membranes
* Amyloid Polymorphisms: Structural Basis and Significance in Biology and Molecular Medicine
* The Role of Lipid Rafts in Alzheimer's Disease
* Alzheimer's Disease as a Membrane-Associated Enzymopathy of Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Secretases
* Impaired Regulation of Glutamate Receptor Channels and Signaling Molecules by Beta-Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease
* Membrane Changes in BSE and Scrapie
* Experimental Approaches and Technical Challenges for Studying Amyloid-Membrane Interactions
and more

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations, Dr. Frank H. Netter's decades of work devoted to depicting each of the major body systems, has been updated and brought into modern context. The second edition of the legendary "green books" offers Netter's timeless work, now arranged and enhanced by modern text and radiologic imaging contributed by field-leading doctors and teachers from world-renowned medical institutions, and supplemented with new illustrations created by master artist-physician, Carlos Machado, and other top medical illustrators working in the Netter tradition. The Complete Package includes all 9 volumes (14 books): The Cardiovascular System The Digestive System The Endocrine System The Integumentary System The Musculoskeletal System The Nervous System The Reproductive System The Respiratory System The Urinary System Gain a quick understanding of complex topics-each addressed on 1-2 pages-- from a concise text-atlas format that provides a context bridge between primary and specialized medicine. Clearly see the connection between basic and clinical sciences with an integrated overview of normal structure and function as it relates to pathologic conditions. Apply a visual approach--with the classic Netter art, updated illustrations, and modern imaging--to normal and abnormal body function and the clinical presentation of the patient. Tap into the perspectives of renowned editors and contributors that reflect the current global consensus.

The metabolomics and systems biology approach to research can be applied to many disciplines. This book provides a solid introduction to medical metabolomics and systems biology, and demonstrates how they have been applied to studies in medicine and human health, including nutrition and pathogenic microorganisms. Following core themes of diagnosis, pathology and aetiology of disease, this book provides a reference for health care professionals interested in how to use metabolomics for medical research.

There's a silent epidemic in western civilization, and it is right under our noses. Our jaws are getting smaller and our teeth crooked and crowded, creating not only aesthetic challenges but also difficulties with breathing. Modern orthodontics has persuaded us that braces and oral devices can correct these problems. While teeth can certainly be straightened, what about the underlying causes of this rapid shift in oral evolution and the health risks posed by obstructed airways? Sandra Kahn and Paul R. Ehrlich, a pioneering orthodontist and a world-renowned evolutionist, respectively, present the biological, dietary, and cultural changes that have driven us toward this major health challenge. They propose simple adjustments that can alleviate this developing crisis, as well as a major alternative to orthodontics that promises more significant long-term relief. Jaws will change your life. Every parent should read this book.

This volume covers the emerging area of science, Clinical Lipidomics, which is the application of lipidology to the understanding of physiological and pathophysiological changes of lipidomes, with a special focus on lipidomic profiles in human diseases. Lipidomics is widely used to map lipid molecular species in a biological system. Clinical lipidomic analysis has demonstrated the comprehensive characterization of molecular lipids in various severities, durations, and therapies as a critical tool in identification and validation of disease-specific biomarkers. This volume on Clinical Lipidomics will add to the literature and help advance the knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.

Since their discovery approximately 25 years ago, adenosine receptors have now emerged as important novel molecular targets in disease and drug discovery. These proteins play important roles in the entire spectrum of disease from inflammation to immune suppression. Because of their expression on a number of different cell types and in a number of different organ systems they play important roles in specific diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson 's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer 's disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, sepsis, and obesity. As a result of intense investigations into understanding the molecular structures and pharmacology of these proteins, new molecules have been synthesized that have high specificity for these proteins and are now entering clinical trials. These molecules will define the next new classes of drugs for a number of diseases with unmet medical needs.

The year 2010 marks the centennial for the identification of histamine and the first glimpse of its many physiological functions. From these initial findings a rich tapestry of research has uncovered roles for histamine in almost every physiological process with new findings emerging every year. These diverse roles of histamine have made for fertile ground for the discovery of novel therapeutics, and these drugs have been so successful that the term "antihistamine" has entered the common lexicon. This volume is an attempt to give a snapshot in time as to the current understanding of the role of histamine in just one important therapeutic area-inflammation. The first three chapters provide some background context for the rest of the book starting out with a historical perspective by Figueroa and Shankley. Bongers et al provide an overview of the pharmacology of the four histamine receptors and the chapter by Hiroshi Ohtsu describes how histamine is synthesized as well as the insights derived from mice where this synthesis is disrupted. The next several chapters discuss disease areas where histamine is known to be involved. Chapter 4 by Thomas Taylor-Clark outlines the role of histamine in allergic rhinitis, an area were antihistamines are commonly used. This is also true for ocular allergy as discussed by Ohbayashi et al. Both of these chapters highlight aspects of these conditions that are still not well-controlled and suggest the utility of new antihistamines targeting other histamine receptors.

This book addresses the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), a new medical concept that demonstrates that various adult diseases start in the fetal period. It discusses our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DOHaD, including gene body epigenetics and non-coding RNA, and comprehensively examines diseases such type 2 diabetes, a well known as standard DOHaD-associated disease, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension and neurodevelopmental disorders. It argues that most adult diseases start at a very early stage, such as in the fetal and neonatal periods, and that earlier prevention and intervention would result in better outcomes for adult diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiac disorders, which are increasing in both developed and developing countries. The book appeals to obstetricians and pediatricians, as well as physicians who treat adult patients, wanting to understand the origins of diseases.