Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2010, an explosion of spectacular discoveries in the field of regeneration has compelled the current revisit of the field of Regenerative Nephrology. This second edition features subjects as diverse as age and gender influencing regenerative processes; mechanisms and pathways of premature cell senescence affecting kidney regeneration; the ways intrinsic regenerative processes can become subverted by noxious stressors eventuating in disease progression; novel mechanistic and engineering efforts to recreate functional kidney or its component parts; cell reprogramming and reconditioning as emerging tools of future regenerative efforts; and effects of various biologicals on kidney regeneration. These newer additions to the armamentarium of Regenerative Medicine and Nephrology have become an integral part of the second edition of the book. Cutting-edge investigations are summarized by the constellation of the most experienced contributing authors coming together from around the world under the umbrella of the second edition.

Global Emergency of Mental Disorders is a comprehensive, yet easy-to-read overview of the neurodevelopmental basis of multiple mental disorders and their accompanying consequences, including addiction, suicide and homelessness. Compared to other references that examine the treatment of psychiatric disorders, this book uniquely focuses on their neurodevelopment. It is designed for neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology students, and various other clinical professions. With chapters on anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and others, this volume provides information about incidence, prevalence and mortality rates in addition to developmental origins. With millions worldwide affected, this book will be an invaluable resource.

This book focuses on the role of the endocannabinoid system in local and systemic inflammation, with individual chapters written by experts in the field of cannabinoid research and medicine. The topics explore the actions of the endocannabinoid system on the immune system, including neuroinflammation in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's, as well as local and systemic inflammatory conditions affecting organs including the eye (uveitis and corneal inflammation), the bladder (interstitial cystitis), pancreas (diabetes), cardiovascular system (stroke), joints (arthritis), and sepsis. The objective of this book is to provide knowledge transfer on the use of cannabinoids in inflammatory disease by critically examining preclinical and clinical research on the immunomodulatory actions of the endocannabinoid system, with specific emphasis on the actions of cannabinoids in diseases where inflammation is a prominent component. By drawing these results together, we seek to provide further understanding of the complexities of endocannabinoid system modulation of immune function and identify potential uses and limitations for cannabinoid-based therapeutics.

Meet-the-Professor (MTP) Endocrine Case Management, Reference Edition 2018 is your source for the latest updates in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of endocrine disorders. This valuable resource allows you to evaluate your endocrine knowledge and gain insight into the strategies used by clinical experts. MTP is updated annually with new cases. Features include: Significance of the Clinical Problem. Key Learning Objectives. Strategies for Diagnosis and Management. Clinical Pearls and Pertinent References. Cases and Questions. Customers are advised that this book is a reference edition and the questions in it are designed for self-study and reference. The content is the same as the non-reference edition, but CME and MOC credits are not available upon completion of the material. Anyone with questions about CME and/or MOC credits should consult www.endocrine.org/store for further information.

Practical applications of physiology of exercise factual materials found in the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook are of paramount importance to understand the principles of training. The Applied Physiology of Exercise Laboratory Manual complements the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook where practical applications in both laboratory and field settings are shared. These practical applications are mostly through personal research at the Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, and Human Bioenergetics Laboratory of Singapore. The uniqueness of the laboratory sessions found in the manual was attested to the many hours of hard laboratory research work. For example, the Running Energy Research Index (RERI) Laboratory was born as a result of a 10-year long research. This laboratory research work, like the other researched laboratory sessions in the manual, is then used in practical sessions in physiology of exercise classes to fine-tune the best possible learning experiences for students. After a long process of fine tuning and constructive feasibility, the laboratory sessions became concrete and designed specifically for this manual.

Practical applications of physiology of exercise factual materials found in the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook are of paramount importance to understand the principles of training. The Applied Physiology of Exercise Laboratory Manual complements the Applied Physiology of Exercise textbook where practical applications in both laboratory and field settings are shared. These practical applications are mostly through personal research at the Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, and Human Bioenergetics Laboratory of Singapore. The uniqueness of the laboratory sessions found in the manual was attested to the many hours of hard laboratory research work. For example, the Running Energy Research Index (RERI) Laboratory was born as a result of a 10-year long research. This laboratory research work, like the other researched laboratory sessions in the manual, is then used in practical sessions in physiology of exercise classes to fine-tune the best possible learning experiences for students. After a long process of fine tuning and constructive feasibility, the laboratory sessions became concrete and designed specifically for this manual.

This book is suitable for anyone interested in training with the use of science. Training has to be science-based and science is the only way forward, thus the book title indicates Applied Physiology of Exercise. Any training can be answered with physiological rationale. If it cannot be answered, people are moving away from specific intelligent training and into erroneous combination high-load training (for example, combining aerobic and anaerobic interval training in a single training session) that may not elicit a higher percentage of physiological adaptations but may induce injuries as the body is not conditioned properly. Combination high-level training may be introduced at a later stage once an individual goes through specific conditioning following a general conditioning of building the 'base' or 'foundation' period for at least six months. Factual training with science takes time to attain superior performance without performance-enhancing drugs or supplements such as growth hormones and testosterone. Gathering the 'right' knowledge is important and hopefully readers will be better equipped after reading this book. There are questions in each chapter to enhance learning and comprehension. It requires readers to think, rationalize, answer, and apply the facts to training or weight loss programs. These questions aim to ignite the critical component of learning as readers critique and re-analyze their training program. Even though each training could be different with everyone holding on to a different training philosophy, facts through science are universal for all.

This book is suitable for anyone interested in training with the use of science. Training has to be science-based and science is the only way forward, thus the book title indicates Applied Physiology of Exercise. Any training can be answered with physiological rationale. If it cannot be answered, people are moving away from specific intelligent training and into erroneous combination high-load training (for example, combining aerobic and anaerobic interval training in a single training session) that may not elicit a higher percentage of physiological adaptations but may induce injuries as the body is not conditioned properly. Combination high-level training may be introduced at a later stage once an individual goes through specific conditioning following a general conditioning of building the 'base' or 'foundation' period for at least six months. Factual training with science takes time to attain superior performance without performance-enhancing drugs or supplements such as growth hormones and testosterone. Gathering the 'right' knowledge is important and hopefully readers will be better equipped after reading this book. There are questions in each chapter to enhance learning and comprehension. It requires readers to think, rationalize, answer, and apply the facts to training or weight loss programs. These questions aim to ignite the critical component of learning as readers critique and re-analyze their training program. Even though each training could be different with everyone holding on to a different training philosophy, facts through science are universal for all.

An AGI Brain for a Robot is the first and only book to give a detailed account and practical demonstration of an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The brain is to be implemented in fast parallel hardware and embodied in the head of a robot moving in the real world. Associative learning is shown to be a powerful technique for novelty seeking, language learning, and planning. This book is for neuroscientists, robot designers, psychologists, philosophers and anyone curious about the evolution of the human brain and its specialized functions. The overarching message of this book is that an AGI, as the brain of a robot, is within our grasp and would work like our own brains. The featured brain, called PP, is not a computer program. Instead, PP is a collection of networks of associations built from J. A. Fodor's modules and the author's groups. The associations are acquired by intimate interaction between PP in its robot body and the real world. Simulations of PP in one of two robots in a simple world demonstrate PP learning from the second robot, which is under human control. "Both Professor Daniel C. Dennett and Professor Michael A. Arbib independently likened the book 'An AGI Brain for a Robot' to Valentino Braitenberg's 1984 book 'Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology'." Daniel C. Dennett, Professor of Philosophy and Director of Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University. Author of "From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds." "Michael Arbib, a long time expert in brain modeling, observed that sometimes a small book can catch the interest of readers where a large book can overwhelm and turn them away. He noted, in particular, the success of Valentino Braitenberg's 'Vehicles' (for which he wrote the foreword). At a time of explosive interest in AI, he suggests that PP and its antics may be just the right way to ease a larger audience into thinking about the technicalities of creating general artificial intelligence." Michael A Arbib, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Biomedical Engineering, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Southern California. Author of "How the Brain Got Language". "Robots seem to increasingly invade our lives, to the point that sometimes seems threatening and other-worldly. In this small book, John Andreae shows some of the basic principles of robotics in ways that are entertaining and easily understood, and touch on some of the basic questions of how the mind works." Michael C. Corballis, Professor of Psychology, University of Auckland. Author of "The Recursive Mind". "A little book that punches far beyond its weight." Nicholas Humphrey, Emeritus Professor of Psychology, London School of Economics. Author of "Soul Dust: The Magic of Consciousness". "A bold and rich approach to one of the major challenges for neuroscience, robotics and philosophy. Who will take up Andreae's challenge and implement his model?" Matthew Cobb, Professor of Zoology, University of Manchester. Author of "The Idea of the Brain". "Here is a book that could change the direction of research into artificial general intelligence in a very productive and profitable way. It describes a radical new theory of the brain that goes some way towards answering many difficult questions concerning learning, planning, language, and even consciousness. Almost incredibly, the theory is operational, and expressed in a form that could-and should-inspire future, novel, research in AI that transcends existing paradigms." Ian H. Witten, Professor of Computer Science, Waikato University. Author with Eibe Frank of "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques".

This book addresses instruments, methodologies and diagnostic methods used to evaluate and diagnose human movement, locomotion and physical status in general. Starting from historical perspective, the idea of understanding human locomotion by applying technical measurement devices and incorporating measurement data into physical representation of gross body movement is presented and explained, an approach known as inverse dynamics. With this approach as a kind of umbrella concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data processing methods are described. Modern instruments to capture body movement by measuring its kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyography (sEMG) are thus described; all systems being used dominantly-if not exclusively-in a movement analysis laboratory setting. Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also examples of movement patterns from selected kinesiological and sports activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical engineering approach to this subject matter. It illustrates how data collected and elaborated by modern engineering technology can complement traditional expert knowledge of a kinesiologist or a medical doctor. The book is applicable in the fields of sports, physical activities, as well as in medical diagnostics and rehabilitation. The examples of this book's practical application might be in evaluation of efficiency of human gait, in evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue in physical exercise, in biomechanical diagnostics of traumatological conditions requiring orthopaedic treatment and the like. This book can also be used in planning and executing research endeavours, particularly in a clinical context as a reference for various diagnostics procedures. It presents the lecture notes of a course carrying the same name within Medical Studies in English at the University of Zagreb for more than a decade.

Reciprocal Translation Between Pathophysiology and Practice in Health and Disease brings a novel perspective, closing the knowledge gap between normal/abnormal physiology. Chapters describe the basic mechanisms underlying a disease or trauma-related response, describe consequences in practice, and provide insights on how to use information to better understand disease outcomes. Other sections explore how these responses are beneficial and driven by similar hormones and inflammatory immune cell derived modulators. This is a must-have resource for those seeking an authoritative and comprehensive understanding on how to treat the basic mechanisms underlying disease or trauma-related responses. With contributions from Petronella L.M. Reijven.

Cerebral Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas serves as an authoritative, comprehensive resource for these vascular lesions, describing their anatomy, diagnosis, natural history, and thorough treatment options. Rooted in well-illustrated anatomy and depictions of dAVFs, readers can better understand their pathophysiology, historical discovery, and avenues for treatment, including embolization, surgery, and radiosurgery. Imaging modalities are also discussed extensively as well as the management of these lesions. This reference is appropriate for neurosurgeons, neurologists, interventional radiologists and intensivists that manage these patients, providing clarity, and at the same time, comprehensiveness.

A precise scientific exploration of the differences between boys and girls that breaks down damaging gender stereotypes and offers practical guidance for parents and educators.

In the past decade, we've come to accept certain ideas about the differences between males and females--that boys can't focus in a classroom, for instance, and that girls are obsessed with relationships. In Pink Brain, Blue Brain, neuroscientist Lise Eliot turns that thinking on its head. Calling on years of exhaustive research and her own work in the field of neuroplasticity, Eliot argues that infant brains are so malleable that small differences at birth become amplified over time, as parents and teachers--and the culture at large--unwittingly reinforce gender stereotypes. Children themselves intensify the differences by playing to their modest strengths. They constantly exercise those "ball-throwing" or "doll-cuddling" circuits, rarely straying from their comfort zones. But this, says Eliot, is just what they need to do, and she offers parents and teachers concrete ways to help. Boys are not, in fact, "better at math" but at certain kinds of spatial reasoning. Girls are not naturally more empathetic; they're allowed to express their feelings. By appreciating how sex differences emerge--rather than assuming them to be fixed biological facts--we can help all children reach their fullest potential, close the troubling gaps between boys and girls, and ultimately end the gender wars that currently divide us.

Human Aging: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies offers an exhaustive picture of all the biological aspects of human aging by describing the key mechanisms associated with human aging and covering events that could disrupt the normal course of aging. Each chapter includes a summary of the salient points covered, along with futures prospects. The book provides readers with the information they need to gain or deepen the skills needed to evaluate the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases and to monitor the effectiveness of therapies aimed at slowing aging. The book encourages PhD and Postdoc students, researchers, health professionals and others interested in the biology of aging to explore the fascinating and challenging questions about why and how we age as well as what can and cannot be done about it.

This book focuses on the structural, biochemical, and diverse functional properties of the endothelial luminal membrane glycocalyx (ELMG), an organelle which constitutes the endothelial cell "membrane." It is intended to provide the newcomer with a broad, basic, and brief perspective of the luminal endothelial vascular membrane, and for the more established investigator, a basic overview and integrated perspective of the "universe" we explore. The endothelium is an assortment of heterogeneous regulatory cells whose cytoplasm and cell membranes are joined, forming functional units. There is a tremendous amount of literature on the endothelial cell, constituting seemingly isolated and distinct fields of encapsulated research. However, the multifunctional properties of some molecules give rise to an overlap of findings, frequently ignored between the different fields. The book is divided into three parts. The first part concentrates on the structure of the ELMG, with emphasis on morphological and biochemical composition. The importance of the chemical composition to the physiological functions of the ELMG, such as sieving properties, pharmacology, and flow sensing, is the focus of the second part of the book. Finally, some of the pathologies associated with ELMG dysfunction are explored in the last section. The aim is to provide basic and well-established knowledge in the various individual fields, identify the current concepts in each area, and discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses (including hidden problems). Finally, the overall goal is to integrate areas where overlap is clearly indicated, bringing them all together to provide the first ever basic, integrative, panoramic bird's-eye view of the field.