Food and water are necessary for survival, but can only be obtained via ingestive behavior (feeding, drinking, and moving). Survival thus depends on the ability of the brain to coordinate the need for water and energy with appropriate behaviors to modify their intake as necessary for homeostasis. However, the balance of these behaviors also inherently determines body weight, and imbalances contribute to the development of weight disorders, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa. The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the brain is anatomically positioned to coordinate the sensation of osmotic and energy status with goal-directed ingestive behaviors necessary to maintain homeostasis and body weight, and, hence, may hold insight into the potential treatment for energy balance disorders. This volume reviews the essential role of the LHA for the control of body weight, from its historical description as a ""feeding center"" to the current view of this LHA as a cellularly heterogeneous hub that regulates multiple aspects of physiology to influence body weight. Furthermore, we evaluate how specific LHA populations coordinate certain metabolic cues and behaviors, which may guide the development of pathway-specific interventions to improve the treatment of energy balance disorders.

Learn, understand, and master pathophysiology! Corresponding to the chapters in McCance & Huether's Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition, this study guide offers practical activities and detailed case studies to help you review and remember basic pathophysiology and make the connections between theory and practice. Interactive questions provide you with a working knowledge of disease etiology and disease processes - giving you practice applying what you've learned to clinical practice. Best of all, the answers are in the back of the book so that you can check your understanding as you go! More than 1,200 questions in a wide variety of challenging formats cover all areas of pathophysiology. Practice exams provide immediate feedback by helping you understand the rationale behind each answer. Concise chapter summaries highlight need-to-know information and help you quickly review content. Over 120 illustrations appear in active learning exercises to engage and reinforce understanding for visual learners. Answer key in the back of the study guide allows you to check answers and evaluate your progress. NEW! Thoroughly revised and updated information mirrors content from the 9th edition of the McCance & Huether's Pathophysiology textbook. NEW! Over 40 detailed case scenarios provide real-world examples of how pathophysiology is used in the clinical setting, helping you integrate knowledge, develop clinical judgment, and apply theory to practice.

Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2010, an explosion of spectacular discoveries in the field of regeneration has compelled the current revisit of the field of Regenerative Nephrology. This second edition features subjects as diverse as age and gender influencing regenerative processes; mechanisms and pathways of premature cell senescence affecting kidney regeneration; the ways intrinsic regenerative processes can become subverted by noxious stressors eventuating in disease progression; novel mechanistic and engineering efforts to recreate functional kidney or its component parts; cell reprogramming and reconditioning as emerging tools of future regenerative efforts; and effects of various biologicals on kidney regeneration. These newer additions to the armamentarium of Regenerative Medicine and Nephrology have become an integral part of the second edition of the book. Cutting-edge investigations are summarized by the constellation of the most experienced contributing authors coming together from around the world under the umbrella of the second edition.

This book aims at providing insights into the collagen superfamily and the remarkable diversity of collagen function within the extracellular matrix. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying collagen-related diseases such as dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, osteogenesis imperfecta, as well as collagen-related myopathies and neurological disorders are discussed. Collagens are the most abundant extracellular matrix proteins in organisms. Their primary function is to provide structural support and strength to cells and to maintain biomechanical integrity of tissues. However, collagens can no longer be considered just as structural proteins. They can act as extracellular modulators of signaling events and serve critical regulatory roles in various cell functions during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Furthermore, collagens are associated with a broad spectrum of heritability-related diseases known as "collagenopathies" that affect a multitude of organs and tissues including sensorial organs. The book is a useful introduction to the field for junior scientists, interested in extracellular matrix research. It is also an interesting read for advanced scientists and clinicians working on collagens and collagenopathies, giving them a broader view of the field beyond their area of specialization.

Global Emergency of Mental Disorders is a comprehensive, yet easy-to-read overview of the neurodevelopmental basis of multiple mental disorders and their accompanying consequences, including addiction, suicide and homelessness. Compared to other references that examine the treatment of psychiatric disorders, this book uniquely focuses on their neurodevelopment. It is designed for neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology students, and various other clinical professions. With chapters on anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and others, this volume provides information about incidence, prevalence and mortality rates in addition to developmental origins. With millions worldwide affected, this book will be an invaluable resource.

Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of a key topic within the multidisciplinary fields of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.

Physicians in ancient Greece believed four humours flowed within the human body-blood, phlegm, black bile, and choler-determining a person's health, mood, and character. Not until the seventeenth century would a more complex view of the anatomy begin to emerge. But by then humoural theory had already become deeply ingrained in Western language and thought-and endures to this day in surprising ways. Interweaving the histories of medicine, science, psychology, and philosophy, Passions and Tempers explores the uncanny persistence of these variable, invisible fluids. It will change how we view our physical, mental, and emotional selves.

This book focuses on the structural, biochemical, and diverse functional properties of the endothelial luminal membrane glycocalyx (ELMG), an organelle which constitutes the endothelial cell "membrane." It is intended to provide the newcomer with a broad, basic, and brief perspective of the luminal endothelial vascular membrane, and for the more established investigator, a basic overview and integrated perspective of the "universe" we explore. The endothelium is an assortment of heterogeneous regulatory cells whose cytoplasm and cell membranes are joined, forming functional units. There is a tremendous amount of literature on the endothelial cell, constituting seemingly isolated and distinct fields of encapsulated research. However, the multifunctional properties of some molecules give rise to an overlap of findings, frequently ignored between the different fields. The book is divided into three parts. The first part concentrates on the structure of the ELMG, with emphasis on morphological and biochemical composition. The importance of the chemical composition to the physiological functions of the ELMG, such as sieving properties, pharmacology, and flow sensing, is the focus of the second part of the book. Finally, some of the pathologies associated with ELMG dysfunction are explored in the last section. The aim is to provide basic and well-established knowledge in the various individual fields, identify the current concepts in each area, and discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses (including hidden problems). Finally, the overall goal is to integrate areas where overlap is clearly indicated, bringing them all together to provide the first ever basic, integrative, panoramic bird's-eye view of the field.

Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of a key topic within the multidisciplinary fields of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields. Chapter "Stationary and Non-Stationary Ion- and Water Flux Interactions in Kidney Proximal Tubule. Mathematical Analysis of Isosmotic Transport by a Minimalistic Model" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

An AGI Brain for a Robot is the first and only book to give a detailed account and practical demonstration of an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The brain is to be implemented in fast parallel hardware and embodied in the head of a robot moving in the real world. Associative learning is shown to be a powerful technique for novelty seeking, language learning, and planning. This book is for neuroscientists, robot designers, psychologists, philosophers and anyone curious about the evolution of the human brain and its specialized functions. The overarching message of this book is that an AGI, as the brain of a robot, is within our grasp and would work like our own brains. The featured brain, called PP, is not a computer program. Instead, PP is a collection of networks of associations built from J. A. Fodor's modules and the author's groups. The associations are acquired by intimate interaction between PP in its robot body and the real world. Simulations of PP in one of two robots in a simple world demonstrate PP learning from the second robot, which is under human control. "Both Professor Daniel C. Dennett and Professor Michael A. Arbib independently likened the book 'An AGI Brain for a Robot' to Valentino Braitenberg's 1984 book 'Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology'." Daniel C. Dennett, Professor of Philosophy and Director of Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University. Author of "From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds." "Michael Arbib, a long time expert in brain modeling, observed that sometimes a small book can catch the interest of readers where a large book can overwhelm and turn them away. He noted, in particular, the success of Valentino Braitenberg's 'Vehicles' (for which he wrote the foreword). At a time of explosive interest in AI, he suggests that PP and its antics may be just the right way to ease a larger audience into thinking about the technicalities of creating general artificial intelligence." Michael A Arbib, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Biomedical Engineering, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Southern California. Author of "How the Brain Got Language". "Robots seem to increasingly invade our lives, to the point that sometimes seems threatening and other-worldly. In this small book, John Andreae shows some of the basic principles of robotics in ways that are entertaining and easily understood, and touch on some of the basic questions of how the mind works." Michael C. Corballis, Professor of Psychology, University of Auckland. Author of "The Recursive Mind". "A little book that punches far beyond its weight." Nicholas Humphrey, Emeritus Professor of Psychology, London School of Economics. Author of "Soul Dust: The Magic of Consciousness". "A bold and rich approach to one of the major challenges for neuroscience, robotics and philosophy. Who will take up Andreae's challenge and implement his model?" Matthew Cobb, Professor of Zoology, University of Manchester. Author of "The Idea of the Brain". "Here is a book that could change the direction of research into artificial general intelligence in a very productive and profitable way. It describes a radical new theory of the brain that goes some way towards answering many difficult questions concerning learning, planning, language, and even consciousness. Almost incredibly, the theory is operational, and expressed in a form that could-and should-inspire future, novel, research in AI that transcends existing paradigms." Ian H. Witten, Professor of Computer Science, Waikato University. Author with Eibe Frank of "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques".

Endocrine Self-Assessment Program (ESAP (TM)), Reference Edition 2018 is a self-study curriculum for physicians and health professionals wanting a self assessment and a broad review of endocrinology. It consists of 120 brand-new multiple choice questions in all areas of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. There is extensive discussion of each correct answer, a comprehensive syllabus, and references. ESAP is updated annually with new questions. Customers are advised that this book is a reference edition and the questions in it are designed for self-study and reference. The content is the same as the non-reference edition, but CME and MOC credits are not available upon completion of the material. Anyone with questions about CME and/or MOC credits should consult www.endocrine.org/store for further information.

This book presents the latest knowledge on both the physiological and the microbiological aspects of wound healing. Fresh insights into the process of cutaneous wound healing are described, which involves tissue regeneration and repair processes consisting of a sequence of molecular and cellular events. The management of infected wounds is then discussed in detail, covering the roles of traditional medicine practices, novel anti-infective formulations, non-antibiotic approaches, and probiotic bacteria. A section devoted to the interdisciplinary approach to wound care addresses topics including in vitro and in vivo research models, the development of advanced wound dressings, tissue engineering, and the potential applications of bioscaffolds. The authors are all leading researchers in the field. This book is an attempt to showcase current research status and future directions in the area of wound-healing research, which must be of interest to a large group of readers and researchers interested in this field.