As the advent of the Smart Grid revolutionizes how homeowners and businesses purchase and manage power, electricity pricing is becoming more complicated and intricate than ever before, while the need for more frequent rate revisions remains a primary issue in the field. A timely and accessible guide for the new industry environment, Electricity Pricing: Engineering Principles and Methodologies helps those involved in both the engineering and financial operations of electric power systems to "get the money right" while ensuring reliable electric service at a fair and reasonable cost. Explores both the business functions and engineering principles associated with electricity pricing Examining pricing approaches and opportunities, this book presents tools, viewpoints, and explanations that are generally not found in contemporary literature. It clarifies valuable analysis techniques, realistic examples, and unique lessons passed along from those inside the industry. This "how to do it" guide fosters a multidisciplinary understanding that integrates information, methodologies, and techniques from accounting, economics, engineering, finance, and marketing. Detail-oriented but still mindful of the big picture, this book examines the complex relationship between electricity, customers, and service providers in relation to pricing. Electricity Pricing also: Presents mathematical methods and techniques used to establish electricity prices, determine cost causation, and evaluate pricing structures and mechanisms Explores ways to translate and integrate cost elements into practical pricing structures Details how engineering concepts are used to apportion production, delivery, and associated costs to determine cost of service and to support all aspects of ratemaking strategy, design, analysis, and decision making This comprehensive professional reference addresses theory but remains grounded in no-nonsense practical applications. It is dually suited to introduce newcomers to the technical principles and methodologies of electricity pricing and provide veterans with a valuable consolidation of advanced tools for pricing analysis and problem solving. Watch an interview of the author at http://youtu.be/4fU8nkDVhNY

Energy experts predict that wholesale electricity prices could easily rise 35 to 65 percent by 2015. Add to this the growing need for energy independence and the need to reduce carbon emissions and it is very clear that the development of low-cost renewable energy, such as solar energy, is essential for our economy and our national security. With the potential for low-cost, renewable energy that can create jobs while reducing our dependency on foreign oil, solar cell technology provides a very attractive and plausible option. Presenting a well-balanced mix of theory and applications, Solar Cell Technology and Applications addresses critical design aspects representing cutting-edge solar cell technology. It offers complete coverage of the latest advances in the field, including low-cost, high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. The book discusses: Performance parameters and cost projections for cells and complete solar energy systems Important properties of the semiconductor and compound materials best suited for the fabrication of solar cells Techniques for performance improvements in solar cells and panels-emphasizing cost, reliability, and longevity Integration of organic dye technology in the development of solar devices Mathematical expressions and their derivations-highlighting performance enhancement Using conventional nomenclature, a consistent set of symbols, and identical units for ease of comprehension, this time-saving resource supplies pioneering engineers, research scientists, professors, and students with the understanding needed to spark the advancements that must be made to maximize the economic and environmental benefits of this relatively untapped and abundant renewable energy resource.

Energy risk and security have become topical matters in Western and international policy discussions; ranging from international climate change mitigation to investment in energy infrastructures to support economic growth and more sustainable energy provisions. As such, ensuring the resilience of more sustainable energy infrastructures against disruptions has become a growing concern for high-level policy makers. Drawing on interviews, participant observation, policy analysis, and survey research, this book unpacks the work of the authorities, electricity companies, and lay persons that keeps energy systems from failing and helps them to recover from disruptions if they occur. The book explores a number of important issues: the historical security policy of energy infrastructures; control rooms where electricity is traded and maintained in real time; and electricity consumers in their homes. Presenting case studies from Finland and Scandinavia, with comparisons to the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union at large, Making Electricity Resilient offers a detailed and innovative analysis of long-term priorities and short-term dynamics in energy risk and resilience. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy policy and security, and science and technology studies.

Internationally, the electric power industry is currently undergoing unprecedented reform. The deregulation of the electricity supply industry has introduced new opportunities for competition and has made the maintenance of economical and reliable supplies of electricity a tremendous challenge. Faced by an increasingly complicated existence, power utilities need efficient tools to ensure that electrical energy of the quality desired can be provided at the lowest possible cost. Operation of Market-oriented Power Systems provides effective computational tools for the efficient operation of restructured power systems covering all the major operational issues such as: congestion management; available transfer capability calculations; price forecasting and optimal bidding strategies. A review of international research and world-wide industrial practice covered in each chapter gives the reader a broader understanding of the state of the art in this exciting field. Operation of Market-oriented Power Systems will be a useful reference for professional engineers and researchers in the operation and control of modern power systems as all within the power industry face up to the changes required to provide safe, reliable and profitable electricity in an increasingly competitive market.

Mechatronics has evolved into a way of life in engineering practice, and it pervades virtually every aspect of the modern world. In chapters drawn from the bestselling and now standard engineering reference, The Mechatronics Handbook, this book introduces the vibrant field of mechatronics and its key elements: physical system modeling; sensors and actuators; signals and systems; computers and logic systems; and software and data acquisition. These chapters, written by leading academics and practitioners, were carefully selected and organized to provide an accessible, general outline of the subject ideal for non-specialists. Mechatronics: An Introduction first defines and organizes the key elements of mechatronics, exploring design approach, system interfacing, instrumentation, control systems, and microprocessor-based controllers and microelectronics. It then surveys physical system modeling, introducing MEMS along with modeling and simulation. Coverage then moves to essential elements of sensors and actuators, including characteristics and fundamentals of time and frequency, followed by control systems and subsystems, computer hardware, logic, system interfaces, communication and computer networking, data acquisition, and computer-based instrumentation systems. Clear explanations and nearly 200 illustrations help bring the subject to life. Providing a broad overview of the fundamental aspects of the field, Mechatronics: An Introduction is an ideal primer for those new to the field, a handy review for those already familiar with the technology, and a friendly introduction for anyone who is curious about mechatronics.

This edited volume presents new insights and challenges in the field of electric mobility in relation to new mobility and infrastructure concepts as well as to renewable energies. The book covers the socio-economic view on the topic as well as technical aspects and thus offers valuable knowledge for future business models. It primarily addresses practitioners and researchers in the field but may also be of use to graduate students.

Plant operators, electricians, field technicians and engineers will gain a practical understanding of the role and workings of power system protection systems from this work. An understanding of power systems and their optimized management will increase plant efficiency and performance as well as increasing safety levels. This book provides both the underpinning knowledge and basic calculations needed to understand, specify, use and maintain power protection systems, and the practical techniques required on a daily basis.
After studying this book you will have an excellent knowledge of the principles of protection. You will also have a better understanding of the possible problems likely to arise in day-to-day work with power protection systems.
Key areas of knowledge and expertise developed will include:
* Fundamentals of electrical power protection and applications
* Different fault types
* Perform simple fault and design calculations
* Practical knowledge of protection system components
* Apply relay settings
* Improve the safety of your site with the knowledge gained
* Increase plant efficiency, performance and safety levels by developing your understanding of power system protection
* Gain a practical knowledge of the engineering challenges of power system protection: fault types, component types, relay settings, etc.
* Coverage includes both the fundamentals and the basic fault and design calculations needed to specify, use and maintain power protection systems

This book illustrates numerical simulation of fluid power systems by LMS Amesim Platform covering hydrostatic transmissions, electro hydraulic servo valves, hydraulic servomechanisms for aerospace engineering, speed governors for power machines, fuel injection systems, and automotive servo systems It includes hydrostatic transmissions, automotive fuel injection, hydropower speed units governor, aerospace servo systems along with case studies of specified companies Aids in predicting and optimizing the static and dynamic performances related to the systems under study

This book discusses in-depth role of optimization to optimize the controller parameters with reference to bio-inspired algorithms. Comparative studies to evaluate the performance of different optimization techniques in terms of the settling time, overshoot and undershoot responses of the frequency deviations, tie-line power flow deviations, and the area control error are included, supported by examples. The book also includes different scenarios of the load frequency controller for single area as well as multi-area thermal power generating unit considering different algorithms. Key Features: Highlights the importance of tuning the power system controller parameters with emphasis on bio-inspiration algorithms Provides some applied applications/examples of the thermal power system Focusses on power system applications based on the optimization algorithms with different single area and multi-area thermal power systems Reports different cases on the interconnected power systems with providing optimal performance by optimizing the controller's parameters

Learning by Doing with National Instruments Development Boards starts with a brief introduction to LabVIEW programming, which is required to explore the National Instrument platform, an introduction that includes detailed installation and licensing setup. Further, it gives the features and configuration setup of NI SPEEDY-33, NI ELVIS and myRIO boards. The focus of the book is on worked-out case studies for students working in different areas of electronics such as basic digital design, biomedical instrumentation, sensors and measurement. Data acquisition using SPEEDY-33, NI -ELVIS and myRIO kits is also odiscussed. The book also examines the myRIO platform.

The purpose of this book is to develop capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. The book contains chapters on how to functionally reverse engineer strategic and non-strategic computer numerical control machinery. Numerous engineering areas, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer hardware and software engineering, are covered. The book offers guidelines and covers design for machine tools, prototyping, augmented reality for machine tools, modern communication strategies, and enterprises of functional reverse engineering, along with case studies. Features Presents capacity building in machine tool development Discusses engineering design for machine tools Covers prototyping of strategic and non-strategic machine tools Illustrates augmented reality for machine tools Includes Internet of Things (IoT) for machine tools

Based on the latest of this successful series of IEE Vacation Schools, this fully revised and updated book aims to provide a sound appreciation of present day HV transmission equipment design and testing techniques. Within the book there is coverage of all the key components of HV power systems, together with HV transmission and distribution, commercial considerations and testing, measurement and accreditation. It is ideal for graduates and engineers entering the high voltage field, or practising engineers wishing to extend the breadth of their knowledge of this area.

Data Fusion and Data Mining for Power System Monitoring provides a comprehensive treatment of advanced data fusion and data mining techniques for power system monitoring with focus on use of synchronized phasor networks. Relevant statistical data mining techniques are given, and efficient methods to cluster and visualize data collected from multiple sensors are discussed. Both linear and nonlinear data-driven mining and fusion techniques are reviewed, with emphasis on the analysis and visualization of massive distributed data sets. Challenges involved in realistic monitoring, visualization, and analysis of observation data from actual events are also emphasized, supported by examples of relevant applications. Features Focuses on systematic illustration of data mining and fusion in power systems Covers issues of standards used in the power industry for data mining and data analytics Applications to a wide range of power networks are provided including distribution and transmission networks Provides holistic approach to the problem of data mining and data fusion using cutting-edge methodologies and technologies Includes applications to massive spatiotemporal data from simulations and actual events

The Industrial Electronics Handbook, Second Edition combines traditional and newer, more specialized knowledge that will help industrial electronics engineers develop practical solutions for the design and implementation of high-power applications. Embracing the broad technological scope of the field, this collection explores fundamental areas, including analog and digital circuits, electronics, electromagnetic machines, signal processing, and industrial control and communications systems. It also facilitates the use of intelligent systems-such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary methods-in terms of a hierarchical structure that makes factory control and supervision more efficient by addressing the needs of all production components. Enhancing its value, this fully updated collection presents research and global trends as published in the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Journal, one of the largest and most respected publications in the field. Control and Mechatronics presents concepts of control theory in a way that makes them easily understandable and practically useful for engineers or students working with control system applications. Focusing more on practical applications than on mathematics, this book avoids typical theorems and proofs and instead uses plain language and useful examples to: Concentrate on control system analysis and design, comparing various techniques Cover estimation, observation, and identification of the objects to be controlled-to ensure accurate system models before production Explore the various aspects of robotics and mechatronics Other volumes in the set: Fundamentals of Industrial Electronics Power Electronics and Motor Drives Industrial Communication Systems Intelligent Systems

This book discusses the major aspects of load flow, optimization, optimal load flow, and culminates in modern heuristic optimization techniques and evolutionary programming. In the deregulated environment, the economic provision of electrical power to consumers requires knowledge of maintaining a certain power quality and load flow. Many case studies and practical examples are included to emphasize real-world applications. The problems at the end of each chapter can be solved by hand calculations without having to use computer software. The appendices are devoted to calculations of line and cable constants, and solutions to the problems are included throughout the book.

This book focuses on protective relaying, which is an indispensable part of electrical power systems. The recent advancements in protective relaying are being dictated by MMPRs (microprocessor-based multifunction relays). The text covers smart grids, integration of wind and solar generation, microgrids, and MMPRs as the driving aspects of innovations in protective relaying. Topics such as cybersecurity and instrument transformers are also explored. Many case studies and practical examples are included to emphasize real-world applications.

This book covers the state of the art of energy efficiency in household appliances and lighting which can be used now and in the near future to achieve significant and cost-effective energy savings. Recent developments in advanced appliance and lighting technologies by some of the largest manufacturers are also presented. Although energy-efficient household appliances and lighting technologies can save a huge amount of electricity, they still have not been widely adopted. The barriers which can hinder the adoption of those technologies are presented. Policies and programmes to promote the large-scale penetration of energy-efficient technologies and the market transformation are featured in the book, describing the experiences gained in different parts of the world. This extensive coverage includes contributions from relevant institutions in the European Union, North America, Latin America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

Two general questions stood at the beginning of this PhD-thesis, namely: * What are the mechanisms which lead to the emergence and establishment of new technologies? * How can this process of technological change be influenced politically? In this sense, conceptual and theoretical interests were the early driving forces of the research work. This is also reflected in the considerable attention paid to the nature of technological change and political control. The result is an holistic per spective which builds on inputs from different disciplines and aims at dynamic interpretation. This, however, created a severe methodological problem: How could such a comprehensive perspective be used constructively? To develop this link between theory and forward-looking, policy-oriented analysis, and to devise a methodology which showed explicitly how this approach could be used in a con structive way were in fact the major challenges of this research project. The appli cation to the example of combined heat and power generation, and the comparison of the developments in the UK and in Germany serve the purpose to demonstrate how this approach and methodology can be implemented in practice. These as pects were also of particular interest to the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), one ofthe institutes of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, where most of the research work reported in this PhD-thesis was carried out.

This book covers structural and foundation systems used in high-voltage transmission lines, conductors, insulators, hardware and component assembly. In most developing countries, the term "transmission structures" usually means lattice steel towers. The term actually includes a vast range of structural systems and configurations of various materials such as wood, steel, concrete and composites. This book discusses those systems along with associated topics such as structure functions and configurations, load cases for design, analysis techniques, structure and foundation modeling, design deliverables and latest advances in the field. In the foundations section, theories related to direct embedment, drilled shaf ts, spread foundations and anchors are discussed in detail. Featuring worked out design problems for students, the book is aimed at students, practicing engineers, researchers and academics. It contains beneficial information for those involved in the design and maintenance of transmission line structures and foundations. For those in academia, it will be an adequate text-book / design guide for graduate-level courses on the topic. Engineers and managers at utilities and electrical corporations will find the book a useful reference at work.

This book employs a Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) framework to examine cycling mobility, marking a new turn in ecolinguistic discourse analysis. The author focuses specifically on environment-related arguments concerning the promotion of higher levels of cycling, mainly as a means of transport, and investigates the "US vs. "THEM" narratives present in many discourses about road users. Analysing newspaper articles, institutional documents and spoken interviews, the author searches for a positive new discourse that would inspire and encourage cycling as a habitual means of transport, rather than simply exposing ecologically destructive discourse. The book will be of interest to scholars of discourse and ecolinguistics, as well as contributing to the lively debate about how to increase cycling in fields such as sustainability, sociology, transport planning and management.

This monograph addresses the needs of readers interested in wind energy converters. The authors achieve to strike a balance between a concise presentation of the material and a detailed book for experts in the field. The book covers aspects such as design and technical challenges of wind converters, but also policy issues as well as life cycle assessment considerations. In the past few decades, growth in the wind energy sector has been most phenomenal among all renewable energy resources. In this context, it is nearly universally agreed that wind energy can definitely play an important part in ensuring a sustainable future.The topic is highly interdisciplinary and requires an accessible format for non-experts. Hence, this compact version is suitable for many students and practitioners who intend to read concisely on wind energy.

The contents of this book are intended for those concerned with the simulation of the performance of generation systems. The subject is of importance to practising electrical engineers because of the many situations that arise in the design and operation of modem electromechanical systems and electrical power systems. The simulation programs contained in this book cover the prediction of generator performance for both large and small scale units. Synchronous generators of the round rotor and salient-pole variety of ratings of between a few Megawatts to around 1200 MW are invariably used by public supply companies for the generation of electrical power. For industrial purposes a variety of types of generator are used, including steam and gas turbines, and medium to low speed diesel engine driven generators, the former for those cases where process steam is available and the latter often in the role of marine generation or in a standby role.

New Technologies for Power System Operation and Analysis considers the very latest developments in renewable energy integration and system operation, including electricity markets and wide-area monitoring systems and forecasting. Helping readers quickly grasp the essential information needed to address renewable energy integration challenges, this new book looks at basic power system mathematical models, advanced renewable integration and system optimizations from transmission and distribution system sides. Sections cover wind, solar, gas and petroleum, making this a useful reference for all engineers interested in power system operation.

The papers presented on this occasion examined the most significant aspects of diagnostic strategies, emphasizing the importance of predictive maintenance in reducing production shortages and the costs of plant management. The contributions of these authors allow a critical comparison of the varied experiences in developing and applying the different diagnostic methodologies employed in several parts of the world. The following problems are discussed: characteristics of condition monitoring systems - data acquisition techniques and data processing methodologies; choice of transducers and of measurement point locations; data compression techniques; alarm levels evaluation (acceptance regions); strategies for detecting malfunction conditions; diagnostic methodologies for the on-line and off-line identification of the cause of fault; expert systems; definition of the guidelines for the presentation in control rooms of monitoring data and diagnostic results; rotordynamic models used, off-line, to confirm faults diagnosed on-line.

Due to the enormous impact of mechatronics systems, we encounter mechatronics and micromechatronic systems in our daily activities. Recent trends and novel technologies in engineering have increased the emphasis on integrated analysis, design, and control. This book examines motion devices (actuators, motors, transducers and sensors), power electronics, controllers, and electronic solutions with the main emphasis placed on high-performance mechatronic systems. Analysis, design, optimization, control, and implementation issues, as well as a variety of enabling mechatronic systems and devices, are also covered. The results extend from the scope of mechatronic systems to the modern hardware-software developments, utilizing enabling solutions and placing the integrated system perspectives in favor of consistent engineering solutions. Mechatronics and Control of Electromechanical Systems facilitates comprehensive studies and covers the design aspects of mechatronic systems with high-performance motion devices. By combining traditional engineering topics and subjects with the latest technologies and developments, new advances are stimulated in design of state-of-the-art mechatronic systems. This book provides a deep understanding of the engineering underpinnings of integrated technologies.