In this book, first published in 1965, the authors identify the technological opportunities and costs of water recirculation and water quality adjustment in thermal plants, relating them to the possibilities for minimal expenditure and maximum efficiency in the use of water for servicing an entire region with thermal power. Water Demand for Steam Electric Generation will be of interest to students of environmental studies.

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Newton Power-Flow Modeling of Voltage-Sourced Converter-Based Controllers introduces different voltage-sourced converter (VSC)-based FACTS controllers and VSC-based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems and their working principles, explaining how FACTS controllers exchange real and reactive power with systems. Subsequently, the book: Describes the Newton-Raphson method and its application for solving the power-flow problem Presents the Newton power-flow modeling of the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), unified power-flow controller (UPFC), interline power-flow controller (IPFC), generalized unified power-flow controller (GUPFC), and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), accommodating the practical device constraint limits (because of the unique modeling strategy, the existing Newton power-flow codes can be reused) Develops a unified Newton power-flow model of AC systems incorporating multiterminal VSC-HVDC systems with pulse-width modulation (PWM) control schemes, directly yielding the VSC modulation indices from the power-flow solution Provides numerous case studies for validation of Newton power-flow models, elaborating on the occurrences and checking of unrealistic power-flow solutions in isolated cases Includes detailed derivations of all the difficult formulae as well as solved problems on typical VSC-based FACTS controllers Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Newton Power-Flow Modeling of Voltage-Sourced Converter-Based Controllers assumes at least an undergraduate-level understanding of engineering mathematics, network analysis, electrical machines, electrical power systems, and power electronics. Thus, the book provides a valuable reference for practitioners as well as senior-undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering and electrical power systems.

Embedded Systems and Robotics with Open-Source Tools provides easy-to-understand and easy-to-implement guidance for rapid prototype development. Designed for readers unfamiliar with advanced computing technologies, this highly accessible book: Describes several cutting-edge open-source software and hardware technologies Examines a number of embedded computer systems and their practical applications Includes detailed projects for applying rapid prototype development skills in real time Embedded Systems and Robotics with Open-Source Tools effectively demonstrates that, with the help of high-performance microprocessors, microcontrollers, and highly optimized algorithms, one can develop smarter embedded devices.

This book takes a very close look at energy and energy security from a hands-on, technical point of view with an ultimate goal of sorting out and explaining the deep meaning of energy as well as the key factors and variables of our energy security. The book reviews the major energy sources-coal, crude oil, natural gas, the renewables, and other alternative fuels and technologies-according to the way they affect our energy security now and what consequences might be expected in the future. Topics include the different technical, logistics, regulatory, social, political, and financial aspects of modern energy products and technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of the different fuels, technologies, energy strategies, regulations, and policies are reviewed in detail, sorted, and clearly laid out as well as their effects on our present and future energy security in a way that is easy to understand by high school students, engineers, and professors alike. This book is a must-read for energy executives, environmental specialists, investors, bankers, lawyers, regulators, politicians, and anyone involved, or interested, in today's energy production and use and their effects on our energy security.

This research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engine; and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.

Transient Control of Gasoline Engines drives to move progress forward. A stimulating examination of car electronics and digital processing technology, this book chronicles significant advances that have occurred over the past 20 years (including the change from combustion engines to computerized machines) and presents new and exciting ways to enhance engine efficiency using real-time control technology. Dedicated to improving the emissions of automotive powertrains, it provides an introduction to modeling, control design, and test bench, and explains the fundamentals of modeling and control design for engine transient operation. It also presents a model-based transient control design methodology from the perspective of the dynamical system control theory. Written with graduate students in mind, this book: Addresses issues relevant to transient operation, cycle-to-cycle transient, and cylinder-to-cylinder balancing Examines the real-time optimizing control problem (receding horizon optimization, for torque tracking control and speed control) Covers three benchmark problems related to the modeling and control of gasoline engines: engine start control, identification of the engines, and the boundary modeling and extreme condition control Transient Control of Gasoline Engines describes the behavior of engine dynamics operated at transient mode as a dynamical system and employs the advanced control theory to design a real-time control strategy that can be used to improve efficiency and emission performance overall. Geared toward graduate students, this book also serves as a trusted source for researchers and practitioners focused on engine and engine electronics design, car electronics, and control engineering.

Analytical Techniques in Electromagnetics is designed for researchers, scientists, and engineers seeking analytical solutions to electromagnetic (EM) problems. The techniques presented provide exact solutions that can be used to validate the accuracy of approximate solutions, offer better insight into actual physical processes, and can be utilized in finding precise quantities of interest over a wide range of parameter values. Beginning with a review of basic EMs, the text: Describes the use of the separation of variables technique in Laplace, heat, and wave equations, covering rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems Explains the series expansion method, providing the solution of Poisson's equation in a cube and in a cylinder, and scattering by cylinders and spheres, as examples Addresses the conformal transformation technique, offering a visual display of conformal mapping and a brief introduction to the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation Employs worked-out problems to demonstrate various applications of Fourier sine and cosine, two-sided Fourier, Laplace, Hankel, and Mellin transform techniques Discusses perturbation techniques, supplying examples of perturbed results degenerating to their unperturbed versions as the perturbation parameters tend to zero Analytical Techniques in Electromagnetics maintains a balanced view of techniques for solving EM problems, refusing to overemphasize the importance of analytical methods at the expense of numerical techniques. Carefully selected topics give readers an appreciation of the kinds of EM problems that can be solved exactly.

Thin Film Metal-Oxides provides a representative account of the fundamental structure-property relations in oxide thin films. Functional properties of thin film oxides are discussed in the context of applications in emerging electronics and renewable energy technologies. Readers will find a detailed description of deposition and characterization of metal oxide thin films, theoretical treatment of select properties and their functional performance in solid state devices, from leading researchers. Scientists and engineers involved with oxide semiconductors, electronic materials and alternative energy will find Thin Film Metal-Oxides a useful reference.

Power Quality Issues: Current Harmonics provides solutions for the mitigation of power quality problems related to harmonics. Focusing on active power filters (APFs) due to their excellent harmonic and reactive power compensation in two-wire (single phase), three-wire (three-phase without neutral), and four-wire (three-phase with neutral) AC power networks with nonlinear loads, the text: Introduces the APF technology, describing various APF configurations and offering guidelines for the selection of APFs for specific application considerations Compares shunt active filter (SHAF) control strategies for extracting three-phase reference currents, evaluating their performance under a number of source voltage conditions using a proportional-integral (PI) controller Presents PI controller-based SHAF instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) and instantaneous active and reactive current (Id-Iq) control strategies, supplying detailed MATLAB (R)/Simulink simulation results Proposes SHAF control strategies using type 1 and type 2 fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) with different fuzzy membership functions (MFs), analyzing their harmonic mitigation and DC link voltage regulation Verifies the proposed type 2 FLC-based SHAF control strategies with trapezoidal, triangular, and Gaussian fuzzy MFs using RT-LAB, a real-time digital simulation software from OPAL-RT Technologies Power Quality Issues: Current Harmonics is a useful resource for those tackling electrical power quality challenges. The compensation techniques described in this book alleviate harmonic issues that can distort voltage waveforms, fry a building's wiring, trigger nuisance tripping, overheat transformer units, and cause random end-user equipment failure.

Microgeneration - producing energy for the home, in the home - is a substantial improvement over the current centralised and detached energy model employed the world over. Domestic Microgeneration is the first in-depth reference work for this exciting and emerging field of energy generation. It provides detailed reviews of ten state-of-the-art technologies: including solar PV and thermal, micro-CHP and heat pumps; and considers them within the wider context of the home in which they are installed and the way that they are operated. Alongside the many successes, this book highlights the common pitfalls that beset the industry. It offers best-practice guidance on how they can be avoided by considering the complex linkages between technology, user, installer and government. This interdisciplinary work draws together the social, economic, political and environmental aspects of this very diverse energy 'genre' into a single must-have reference for academics and students of sustainability and energy related subjects, industry professionals, policy makers and the growing number of energy-literate householders who are looking for ways to minimise their environmental footprint and their energy bills with microgeneration.

Testing and Measurement: Techniques and Applications is divided into 6 sections: Microwave, Ultrasonic and Acoustic Measurement and Application; Material Performance and Measuring and Testing Technique; Laser, Optics Fiber and Sensor; Industrial Autoimmunization and Measurement; Artificial Intelligence and Application; and Image, Signal and Information Processing, and presents a broad and deep understanding of recent achievements and future trends of testing and measuring technology.

This book details how to leverage big data style analytics to manage and coordinate the key issues in both energy supply and demand. It presents a detailed explanation of the underlying systems technology that enables big data in buildings and how this technology provides added cost benefit from efficiency, onsite solar, and electricity markets. It is a primer on Building Automation Systems Standards, web services and electricity markets and programs plus a complete tutorial on energy analytics hardware, software, and Internet-enabled offerings that energy managers must understand today.

This book is written as a practical guide to those interested in the pursuit of energy resilience at a local scale. Energy resilience is defined as the relative ability of an institution to carry out its mission during a shock to the energy system and approach the concept on the level of a single site occupied by a single community or institution. Examples are drawn from four key community types: military bases, healthcare campuses, educational campuses, and municipal governments. The book then describes a framework for developing an energy resilience plan that applies to each. While the focus is clearly on the United States, understanding the energy resilience threat and conducting long-range energy resilience planning will benefit communities all over the globe. Divided into three main parts, Part One describes the specific energy security threats that are facing local institutions and communities and how an energy shock can affect the mission at each of the four community types and the advantages that each will enjoy in their pursuit of energy resilience. Part Two provides concrete guidance for pursuing energy resilience at a particular institution and allows managers to assess where their institution lies on the energy resilience spectrum and plot a course toward where they would like to be. Part Three describes the three main areas of energy resilience performance: energy efficiency, on-site generation, and emergency planning. Case studies are also provided.

Distributed power generation is a technology that could help to enable efficient, renewable energy production both in the developed and developing world. It includes all use of small electric power generators, whether located on the utility system, at the site of a utility customer, or at an isolated site not connected to the power grid. Induction generators (IGs) are the cheapest and most commonly used technology, compatible with renewable energy resources. Permanent magnet (PM) generators have traditionally been avoided due to high fabrication costs; however, compared with IGs they are more reliable and productive

Distributed Generation thoroughly examines the principles, possibilities and limitations of creating energy with both IGs they are more reliable and productive.

Distributed Generation thoroughly examines the principles, possibilities and limitations of creating energy with both IGs and PM generators. It takes an electrical engineering approach in the analysis and testing of these generators, and includes diagrams and extensive case study examples o better demonstrate how the integration of energy sources can be accomplished. The book also provides the practical tools needed to model and implement new techniques for generating energy through isolated or grid-connected systems.

Besides a chapter introducing the technical, econo9mic and environmental impact so distributed generation, this book includes: an examination of various phase-balancing schemes for a three-phase IG operating on a single-phase power system; a coupled circuit 2-D finite element analysis of a grid-connected IG, with Steinmetz connection; a study of self-excited induction generator (SEIG)schemes for autonomous power systems, and the voltage and frequency control of SEIG with a slip-ring machine (SESRIG); a report on a PM synchronous generator with inset rotor for achieving a reduced voltage regulation, and an analysis of its performance using a two-axis model and finite element method; experimental work on various IG and SEIG schemes.

This book is a must-read for engineers, consultants, regulators, and environmentalists involved in energy production and delivery, helping them to evaluate renewable energy sources and to integrate these into an efficient energy delivery system. It is also a superior reference for undergraduates and postgraduates. Designers, operators, and planners will appreciate its unique contribution to the literature in this field.

Recursive Identification and Parameter Estimation describes a recursive approach to solving system identification and parameter estimation problems arising from diverse areas. Supplying rigorous theoretical analysis, it presents the material and proposed algorithms in a manner that makes it easy to understand-providing readers with the modeling and identification skills required for successful theoretical research and effective application. The book begins by introducing the basic concepts of probability theory, including martingales, martingale difference sequences, Markov chains, mixing processes, and stationary processes. Next, it discusses the root-seeking problem for functions, starting with the classic RM algorithm, but with attention mainly paid to the stochastic approximation algorithms with expanding truncations (SAAWET) which serves as the basic tool for recursively solving the problems addressed in the book. The book not only identifies the results of system identification and parameter estimation, but also demonstrates how to apply the proposed approaches for addressing problems in a range of areas, including: Identification of ARMAX systems without imposing restrictive conditions Identification of typical nonlinear systems Optimal adaptive tracking Consensus of multi-agents systems Principal component analysis Distributed randomized PageRank computation This book recursively identifies autoregressive and moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX) and discusses the identification of non-linear systems. It concludes by addressing the problems arising from different areas that are solved by SAAWET. Demonstrating how to apply the proposed approaches to solve problems across a range of areas, the book is suitable for students, researchers, and engineers working in systems and control, signal processing, communication, and mathematical statistics.

A fresh and innovative technology is currently being recognized as a viable replacement for batteries. Research in the field of supercapacitors, as well as in the area of ceramic materials and their application to supercapacitor development, has spawned Nanostructured Ceramic Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications. Featuring key contributions from well-established experts, this book highlights the field of high-energy and power storage devices, and considers the potential of nanostructured ceramic oxides for supercapacitors. It explores the role of different ceramic oxide systems and their surface nano-architecture in governing the efficacy of a supercapacitor, and presents a detailed understanding of the basic design and science associated with nanostructured ceramic oxide-based supercapacitors. It examines the history and development of this promising energy system, covering the fundamentals, science, and problems associated with this swiftly emerging field. The book also looks extensively into different measurement techniques that can evaluate the performance of this device. Presents an overview of a given field with examples chosen primarily for their educational purpose Provides exhaustive references at the end of each chapter Fits the background of various science and engineering disciplines Contains detailed mathematical analyses Each chapter includes several simple, well-illustrated equations and schematic diagrams to augment the research topics and help the reader grasp the subject. Background theories and techniques are introduced early on, leading to the evolution of the field of nanostructured ceramic oxide--based supercapacitors. Nanostructured Ceramic Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications chronicles significant strides in device development, and benefits seniors and graduate students studying physics, electrical and computer engineering, chemistry, mechanical engineering, materials science, and nanotechnology.

One of the first publications of its kind in the exciting field of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) power line communications (PLC), MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing contains contributions from experts in industry and academia, making it practical enough to provide a solid understanding of how PLC technologies work, yet scientific enough to form a base for ongoing R&D activities.

This book is subdivided into five thematic parts. Part I looks at narrow- and broadband channel characterization based on measurements from around the globe. Taking into account current regulations and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), part II describes MIMO signal processing strategies and related capacity and throughput estimates. Current narrow- and broadband PLC standards and specifications are described in the various chapters of part III. Advanced PLC processing options are treated in part IV, drawing from a wide variety of research areas such as beamforming/precoding, time reversal, multi-user processing, and relaying. Lastly, part V contains case studies and field trials, where the advanced technologies of tomorrow are put into practice today.

Suitable as a reference or a handbook, MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing features self-contained chapters with extensive cross-referencing to allow for a flexible reading path.

With the increased concern for energy conservation in recent years, much attention has been focused on lighting energy consumption and methods for reducing it. Along with this concern for energy efficient lighting has come the realization that lighting has profound effects on worker productivity as well as important aesthetic qualities. This book presents an introduction to lighting design and energy efficiency which can be utilized while maintaining the quality of illumination. Topics include lighting energy management, selection of lamps, task lighting, lighting design, lighting control, reflectors, ballast selection, natural daylighting, wireless lighting control, and case studies.

Photovoltaics from Milliwatts to Gigawatts: Understanding Market and Technology Drivers toward Terawatts Timothy Bruton, TMB Consulting, UK An essential guide through the rapid evolution of PV technology Photovoltaics from Milliwatts to Gigawatts: Understanding Market and Technology Drivers toward Terawatts covers the history of silicon based PV, from the earliest discoveries to present and future practice. Divided into 9 chapters, the book includes the following topics: Early History; The 1973 Oil crisis and the drive for alternative energies; The emergence in the 1980 s of the off grid PV market, the significant small scale PV consumer market and the establishment of a manufacturing industry; Advantages of silicon for solar cells; The evolution of PV installations; The history of the incentive programme for PV; Difficulties of alternative technologies in challenging silicon dominance; Current status of the silicon manufacturing technology and The future. Key features: * An authoritative first-hand account of an emerging technology from laboratory to global significance for electricity generation by an industry expert. * Provides a framework for policy makers on future trends in the PV industry. * Examines the lessons learnt from the interaction of research laboratories, major industry and government. * Signposts the route to future high efficiency silicon solar cells giving new researchers a background for further development. * Highlights the critical success factors for the emerging alternative manufacturing technologies. An essential PV guide aimed at researchers and students in electrical engineering and physical sciences through the rapid evolution of PV technology to commercial viability and the challenges ahead for increased performance, efficiency and global deployment.

Completely revised, this second edition of a bestseller explores the latest technology advancements and the many changes and developments in the utility and environmental regulation areas. It includes new information on the state of deregulation and market pricing as well as discussion of smart grid and other emerging programs. The environmental sections reflect the current emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon management, updates to CAAA regulations and timelines and the latest developments in the use and control of refrigerants.

Due to increasing economic and environmental pressures, small-scale grids have received increasing attention in the last fifteen years. These renewable sources, such as solar PVs, wind turbines, and fuel cells, integrated with grid, have changed the way we live our lives. This book describes microgrid dynamics modeling and nonlinear control issues from introductory to the advanced steps. The book addresses the most relevant challenges in microgrid protection and control including modeling, uncertainty, stability issues, local control, coordination control, power quality, and economic dispatch.

Model-Based Control of Nonlinear Systems presents model-based control techniques for nonlinear, constrained systems. It covers constructive control design methods with an emphasis on modeling constrained systems, generating dynamic control models, and designing tracking control algorithms for the models. The book's interdisciplinary approach illustrates how system modeling and control theory are essential to control design projects. Organized according to the steps in a control design project, the text first discusses kinematic and dynamic modeling methods, including programmed constraints, Lagrange's equations, Boltzmann Hamel equations, and generalized programmed motion equations. The next chapter describes basic control concepts and the use of nonlinear control theory. After exploring stabilization strategies for nonlinear systems, the author presents existing model-based tracking control algorithms and path-following strategies for nonlinear systems. The final chapter develops a new model reference tracking strategy for programmed motion. Throughout the text, two examples of mechanical systems are used to illustrate the theory and simulation results. The first example is a unicycle model (nonholonomic system) and the second is a two-link planar manipulator model (holonomic system). With a focus on constructive modeling and control methods, this book provides the tools and techniques to support the control design process.

This book introduces readers to hydrogen as an essential energy carrier for use with renewable sources of primary energy. It provides an overview of the state of the art, while also highlighting the developmental and market potential of hydrogen in the context of energy technologies; mobile, stationary and portable applications; uninterruptible power supplies and in the chemical industry. Written by experienced practitioners, the book addresses the needs of engineers, chemists and business managers, as well as graduate students and researchers.

The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Third Edition updates coverage of recent developments and rapid technological growth in crucial aspects of power systems, including protection, dynamics and stability, operation, and control. With contributions from worldwide field leaders edited by L.L. Grigsby, one of the world s most respected, accomplished authorities in power engineering this reference includes chapters on:

Content includes a simplified overview of advances in international standards, practices, and technologies, such as small-signal stability and power system oscillations, power system stability controls, and dynamic modeling of power systems. Each book in this popular series supplies a high level of detail and, more importantly, a tutorial style of writing and use of photographs and graphics to help the reader understand the material. This resource will help readers achieve safe, economical, high-quality power delivery in a dynamic and demanding environment. Volumes in the set:
K12642 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856284)
K12648 Power Systems, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856338)
K13917 Power System Stability and Control, Third Edition (9781439883204)
K12650 Electric Power Substations Engineering, Third Edition (9781439856383)
K12643 Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Third Edition (9781439856291)
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Recent years have seen acceleration in the development of cleaner energy systems. In Europe and North America, many old coal-fired power plants will be shut down in the next few years and will likely be replaced by combined cycle plants with higher-efficiency gas turbines that can start up and load quickly. With the revival of nuclear energy, designers are creating smaller nuclear reactors of a simpler integrated design that could expand the application of clean, emission-free energy to industry. And a number of manufacturers now offer hybrid cars with an electric motor and a gasoline engine to charge the batteries on the move. This would seem to be the way forward in reducing transport emissions, until countries develop stronger electricity supply systems to cope with millions of electric cars being charged daily. Greener Energy Systems: Energy Production Technologies with Minimum Environmental Impact tackles the question of how to generate enough electricity, efficiently and with minimum environmental impact, to meet future energy needs across the world. Supplemented with extensive figures and color photographs, this book: Traces the development of electricity supply Explains energy production risks and how major accidents have influenced development Discusses the combined cycle, the preferred system for power capacity expansion in much of the world Looks at combined heat and power Addresses whether coal can continue to be a fuel for power generation Examines nuclear power generation Asks why shipping has not followed some of the world's navies into nuclear propulsion Considers how to electrify more transport systems Reviews the current state of renewable systems, particularly hydro and solar The book defines the key elements of greener energy systems, noting that they must be highly efficient, with rapid start up and loading; produce minimum emissions; and use simpler technology. The author has more than forty years of experience as an international journalist reporting on power-generation technologies and energy policies around the world. He concludes that there is no place for coal and that combined cycle, hydro, solar, and biomass must complement nuclear energy, which must serve more applications than just generating electricity.