The first book of its kind, Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives with Linear Neural Networks systematically explores the application of neural networks in the field of power electronics, with particular emphasis on the sensorless control of AC drives. It presents the classical theory based on space-vectors in identification, discusses control of electrical drives and power converters, and examines improvements that can be attained when using linear neural networks. The book integrates power electronics and electrical drives with artificial neural networks (ANN). Organized into four parts, it first deals with voltage source inverters and their control. It then covers AC electrical drive control, focusing on induction and permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. The third part examines theoretical aspects of linear neural networks, particularly the neural EXIN family. The fourth part highlights original applications in electrical drives and power quality, ranging from neural-based parameter estimation and sensorless control to distributed generation systems from renewable sources and active power filters. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the theories. Written by experts in the field, this state-of-the-art book requires basic knowledge of electrical machines and power electronics, as well as some familiarity with control systems, signal processing, linear algebra, and numerical analysis. Offering multiple paths through the material, the text is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students, theoreticians, practicing engineers, and researchers involved in applications of ANNs.

A comprehensive overview of nonlinear H control theory for both continuous-time and discrete-time systems, Nonlinear H -Control, Hamiltonian Systems and Hamilton-Jacobi Equations covers topics as diverse as singular nonlinear H -control, nonlinear H -filtering, mixed H2/ H -nonlinear control and filtering, nonlinear H -almost-disturbance-decoupling, and algorithms for solving the ubiquitous Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equations. The link between the subject and analytical mechanics as well as the theory of partial differential equations is also elegantly summarized in a single chapter. Recent progress in developing computational schemes for solving the Hamilton-Jacobi equation (HJE) has facilitated the application of Hamilton-Jacobi theory in both mechanics and control. As there is currently no efficient systematic analytical or numerical approach for solving them, the biggest bottle-neck to the practical application of the nonlinear equivalent of the H -control theory has been the difficulty in solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs partial differential-equations (or inequalities). In light of this challenge, the author hopes to inspire continuing research and discussion on this topic via examples and simulations, as well as helpful notes and a rich bibliography. Nonlinear H -Control, Hamiltonian Systems and Hamilton-Jacobi Equations was written for practicing professionals, educators, researchers and graduate students in electrical, computer, mechanical, aeronautical, chemical, instrumentation, industrial and systems engineering, as well as applied mathematics, economics and management.

The development of renewable sources for electrical energy has become a mainstream focus in the field of electrical engineering. This book can be used by both engineers and researchers working to develop new electrical systems and investigate existing ones. Additionally, it can serve as a guide for undergraduate and graduate students during their study of electrical fields. The electrical devices that are used in renewable sources have complicated inner structures, and methods of computer simulation make the development of these systems easier and faster. Simulink, and its toolbox SimPowerSystems, is the most popular means for simulation of electrical systems. The topic of wind-generator (WG) systems simulation merits detailed consideration; therefore, this text covers an in-depth exploration of the simulation of WG systems, systems with batteries, photovoltaic systems, fuel elements, microturbines, and hydroelectric systems.

This book presents an overview of the risks involved in modern electricity production, delivery and trading, including technical risk in production, transportation and delivery, operational risk for the system operators, market risks for traders, and political and other long term risks in strategic management.Using decision making under uncertainty as a methodological background, the book is divided into four parts, with Part I focusing on energy markets, particularly electricity markets.Topics include a nontechnical overview of energy markets and their main properties, basic price models for energy commodity prices, and modeling approaches for electricity price processes.

Part II looks at optimal decisions in managing energy systems, including hydropower dispatch models, cutting plane algorithms and approximative dynamic programming; hydro-thermal production; renewable; stochastic investments and operational optimization models for natural gas transport; decision making in operating electricity networks; and investment in extending energy production systems.

Part III explores pricing, including electricity swing options and the pricing of derivatives with volume control. Part IV looks at long-term and political risks, including energy systems under aspects of climate change, and catastrophic operational risks, particularly risks from terrorist attacks."

Currently, a new generation of fuel-efficient ships, which use wind force in addition to conventional propulsion technology, is being developed. This study describes a mathematical method for a probabilistic estimate of the wind propulsion force on a ship route. The method is based on quantile regression, which makes it suitable for various ship routes with variable weather conditions. Furthermore, the author takes different macro weather situations into account for the calculation of the statistical distributions. He validates the results for a multi-purpose carrier, a ship route in the North Atlantic Ocean and archived weather forecasts. It showed that the wind force can be estimated more accurately if the macro weather situation is taken into account properly.

This book presents fabrication approaches that could be adapted for the high-throughput and low-cost manufacturing of the proposed transparent electrode. It proposes and demonstrates a new type of embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE) that offers superior electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. The structure of the EMTE allows thick metal mesh to be used (for high conductivity) without sacrificing surface smoothness. In addition, the embedded structure improves the EMTE's mechanical stability under high bending stress, as well as its chemical stability in ambient environments. These design aspects are then shown to be suitable for larger electrode areas, narrower metal-mesh line widths, and a wide range of materials, and can easily be adapted to produce flexible and even stretchable devices. In closing, the book explores the practical applications of EMTEs in flexible bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells and transparent thin-film heaters, demonstrating their outstanding performance.

The robotic mechanism and its controller make a complete system. As the robotic mechanism is reconfigured, the control system has to be adapted accordingly. The need for the reconfiguration usually arises from the changing functional requirements. This book will focus on the adaptive control of robotic manipulators to address the changed conditions. The aim of the book is to summarise and introduce the state-of-the-art technologies in the field of adaptive control of robotic manipulators in order to improve the methodologies on the adaptive control of robotic manipulators. Advances made in the past decades are described in the book, including adaptive control theories and design, and application of adaptive control to robotic manipulators.

The increasing power of computer technologies, the evolution of software en- neering and the advent of the intelligent transport systems has prompted traf c simulation to become one of the most used approaches for traf c analysis in s- port of the design and evaluation of traf c systems. The ability of traf c simulation to emulate the time variability of traf c phenomena makes it a unique tool for capturing the complexity of traf c systems. In recent years, traf c simulation - and namely microscopic traf c simulation - has moved from the academic to the professional world. A wide variety of traf- c simulation software is currently available on the market and it is utilized by thousands of users, consultants, researchers and public agencies. Microscopic traf c simulation based on the emulation of traf c ows from the dynamics of individual vehicles is becoming one the most attractive approaches. However, traf c simulation still lacks a uni ed treatment. Dozens of papers on theory and applications are published in scienti c journals every year. A search of simulation-related papers and workshops through the proceedings of the last annual TRB meetings would support this assertion, as would a review of the minutes from speci cally dedicated meetings such as the International Symposiums on Traf c Simulation (Yokohama, 2002; Lausanne, 2006; Brisbane, 2008) or the International Workshops on Traf c Modeling and Simulation (Tucson, 2001; Barcelona, 2003; Sedona, 2005; Graz 2008). Yet, the only comprehensive treatment of the subject to be found so far is in the user's manuals of various software products.

This book serves as a guide for discovering pathways to more efficient energy use. The first part of the book illustrates basic laws of energy conversion and principles of thermodynamics. Laws of energy conservation and direction of energy conversion are formulated in detail, and the types of thermodynamic processes are explained. Also included is the characterization of various types of real energy conversion. The second part of the book discusses types of energy conversion referred to as thermal-energy technologies. The advantages of the co-generation processes and devices operating within the Brayton direct cycle and their adaptively to household energetics are underlined.

This book covers the fundamentals of power electronic converter modeling and control, digital simulation, and experimental studies in the area of renewable energy systems and AC/DC microgrid. Recent advanced control methods for voltage source inverters (VSIs) and the hierarchical controlled islanded microgrid are discussed, including the mathematical modeling, controller synthesis, parameter selection and multi-scale stability analysis, and consensus-based control strategies for the microgrid and microgrid clusters. The book will be an invaluable technical reference for practicing engineers and researchers working in the areas of renewable energy, power electronics, energy internet, and smart grid. It can also be utilized as reference book for undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering.

Model Free Adaptive Control: Theory and Applications summarizes theory and applications of model-free adaptive control (MFAC). MFAC is a novel adaptive control method for the unknown discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-varying parameters and time-varying structure, and the design and analysis of MFAC merely depend on the measured input and output data of the controlled plant, which makes it more applicable for many practical plants. This book covers new concepts, including pseudo partial derivative, pseudo gradient, pseudo Jacobian matrix, and generalized Lipschitz conditions, etc.; dynamic linearization approaches for nonlinear systems, such as compact-form dynamic linearization, partial-form dynamic linearization, and full-form dynamic linearization; a series of control system design methods, including MFAC prototype, model-free adaptive predictive control, model-free adaptive iterative learning control, and the corresponding stability analysis and typical applications in practice. In addition, some other important issues related to MFAC are also discussed. They are the MFAC for complex connected systems, the modularized controller designs between MFAC and other control methods, the robustness of MFAC, and the symmetric similarity for adaptive control system design. The book is written for researchers who are interested in control theory and control engineering, senior undergraduates and graduated students in engineering and applied sciences, as well as professional engineers in process control.

Introducing a Reliable Green Technology That Can Help Improve System Performance Solely centered on photovoltaic (PV) system sizing and the tools used for PV system analysis and design, Photovoltaic System Design: Procedures, Tools and Applications emphasizes the importance of using solar PV technologies for a number of end-use applications, and examines growing interest in solar PV-based projects on a global scale. Written for the system designer/project developer/manufacturer dedicated to correctly sizing a PV system, the book outlines various aspects of PV technology, applications, and programs. It describes key attributes, system design requirements, influence on climatic and site-specific parameters, utilization of simulation procedures, and expected performance. The author includes actual case studies for system designing procedures adopted by various companies and provides a framework for working through both direct and indirect variables under the actual system designing phase. A vital resource essential to your collection, this book: Touches upon the role of renewable energy technologies in a holistic energy scenario Makes a clear categorization of off-grid and on-grid PV applications and discusses advantages and limitations Considers the potential of solar radiation availability Introduces PV system sizing procedures via the modern use of simulation softwares Presents an analysis of actual PV power plant sites when designed via the use of simulation software Determines the weak links in a PV system Brings out the importance of capacity building initiatives vis-a-vis the available range of PV simulation software, tools, and procedures Photovoltaic System Design: Procedures, Tools and Applications provides a clear understanding of the issues that can affect the operation and smooth running of PV facilities and aids in determining photovoltaic system sizing procedures from a variety of end-use considerations. The book encompasses civil, mechanical, electrical, geotechnical, and power systems engineering and is useful to industry professionals involved in solar power plant design.

Power Cable Technology provides a precise understanding of the design, manufacture, installation, and testing of a range of electric power cables-from low-voltage, 1,000/1,100V cables to extra-high-voltage, 400kV cables-with reference to future trends in the industry. The authors' mantra is: know your cable. Thus, the book begins with a comprehensive overview of power cable design and manufacturing through the ages, and then: Describes the characteristics of the materials currently used in the production of various power cables Explains how to calculate the die orifice for drawing wires, how tolerance in manufacturing affects material weight and consumption, and how and why lubricants are used Addresses the formation, stranding, and insulation of the electrical conductors, as well as the sheathing, armouring, and protective covering of the power cables Delivers an in-depth discussion of quality systems, quality control, and performance testing Covers the many nuances of cable installation, including laying, jointing, and terminating Throughout, the authors emphasise consonance between design theory and practical application to ensure production of a quality power cable at a reasonable cost. They also underscore the importance of careful handling, making Power Cable Technology a must read for power cable engineers and technicians alike.

Regulation of the Power Sector is a unified, consistent and comprehensive treatment of the theories and practicalities of regulation in modern power-supply systems. The need for generation to occur at the time of use occasioned by the impracticality of large-scale electricity storage coupled with constant and often unpredictable changes in demand make electricity-supply systems large, dynamic and complex and their regulation a daunting task. Arranged in four parts, this book addresses both traditional regulatory frameworks and also liberalized and re-regulated environments. First, an introduction gives a full characterization of power supply including engineering, economic and regulatory viewpoints. The second part presents the fundamentals of regulation and the third looks at the regulation of particular components of the power sector in detail. Advanced topics and subjects still open or subject to dispute form the content of Part IV. In a sector where regulatory design is the key driver of both the industry efficiency and the returns on investment, Regulation of the Power Sector is directed at regulators, policy decision makers, business managers and researchers. It is a pragmatic text, well-tested by the authors' quarter-century of experience of power systems from around the world. Power system professionals and students at all levels will derive much benefit from the authors' wealth of blended theory and real-world-derived know-how.

The latest edition includes new sections on grounded wye-delta short circuit feedback current and simulation of loop flow. The text illustrates methods that ensure the most accurate results in computational modeling for electric power distribution systems. It clearly explains the principles and mathematics behind system models and discusses the "smart grid" concept and its special benefits. Including numerous models of components and several practical examples, the chapters demonstrate how engineers can apply and customize computer programs to help them plan and operate systems. The book also covers approximation methods to help users interpret computer program results, and includes references and assignments that help users apply Mathcad and WindMil programs to put their new learning into practice.

This book focuses on the issues of integrating large-scale renewable power generation into existing grids. The issues covered in this book include different types of renewable power generation along with their transmission and distribution, storage and protection. It also contains the development of medium voltage converters for step-up-transformer-less direct grid integration of renewable generation units, grid codes and resiliency analysis for large-scale renewable power generation, active power and frequency control and HVDC transmission. The emerging SMES technology for controlling and integrating large-scale renewable power systems is also discussed.Since the protection issues with large-scale distributed renewable power systems are different compared to the existing protection system for one way power flow, this book includes a new protection technique for renewable generators along with the inclusion of current status of smart grid. This book is a good reference for the researchers who are working the area of renewable power generation and smart grids."

Consumer (co-)ownership in renewable energy (RE) is essential to the overall success of Energy Transition. In June 2018, the European Union agreed on a corresponding enabling framework as part of a recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II). The transposition of these comprehensive rules - in particular those on local RE communities - requires developing, implementing and rolling out business models that broaden the capital participation of consumers. The challenge is to include municipalities and/or commercial investors like SMEs and advance to economies of scale while retaining the benefits of individual consumer participation. This book is addressed to energy consumers in local communities, their municipalities and to the policy makers who represent them. Additionally, non-EU countries, in particular those where rural areas have limited access to energy, e.g. in Asia, Africa and Latin America, may be interested in the benefits of consumer ownership. While demand for energy in developing countries is growing, access to energy is crucial for improving the quality of life. The editor of this book presents a new model of consumer ownership in RE for both the EU and countries worldwide. Part One describes the rationale for consumer ownership in RE with regard to social, organizational, legal and financial conditions. Part Two discusses the issue of financing RE and introduces a new financing technique, the Consumer Stock Ownership Plan (CSOP), comparing it to traditional models. Part Three provides 18 country studies from Europe, North America, South America and Asia, organized so as to enable a cross-country comparison of policy approaches and feasibility. Policy recommendations are based on the results of this survey. Part Four summarizes, compares the best practice cases, presents a cost-benefit analysis of "prosumage" and against this background evaluates the impact on future policy.

The smart grid initiative, integrating advanced sensing technologies, intelligent control methods, and bi-directional communications into the contemporary electricity grid, offers excellent opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and better integration of distributed generation, coexisting with centralized generation units within an active network. A large share of the installed capacity for recent renewable energy sources already comprises insular electricity grids, since the latter are preferable due to their high potential for renewables. However, the increasing share of renewables in the power generation mix of insular power systems presents a significant challenge to efficient management of the insular distribution networks, mainly due to the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation. More than other electricity grids, insular electricity grids require the incorporation of sustainable resources and the maximization of the integration of local resources, as well as specific solutions to cope with the inherent characteristics of renewable generation. Insular power systems need a new generation of methodologies and tools to face the new paradigm of large-scale renewable integration. Smart and Sustainable Power Systems: Operations, Planning, and Economics of Insular Electricity Grids discusses the modeling, simulation, and optimization of insular power systems to address the effects of large-scale integration of renewables and demand-side management. This practical book: Describes insular power systems, renewable energies, uncertainty, variability, reserves, and demand response Examines state-of-the-art forecasting techniques, power flow calculations, and scheduling models Covers probabilistic and stochastic approaches, scenario generation, and short-term operation Includes comprehensive testing and validation of the mathematical models using real-world data Explores electric price signals, competitive operation of distribution networks, and network expansion planning Smart and Sustainable Power Systems: Operations, Planning, and Economics of Insular Electricity Grids provides a valuable resource for the design of efficient methodologies, tools, and solutions for the development of a truly sustainable and smart grid.

Elements of Power Systems prepares students for engineering degrees, diplomas, Associate Member of the Institution of Engineers (AMIE) examinations, or corresponding examinations in electrical power systems. Complete with case studies, worked examples, and circuit schematic diagrams, this comprehensive text: Provides a solid understanding of the theoretical aspects of power system engineering Instills a practical knowledge of large-scale power system analysis techniques Covers load characteristics, tariffs, power system stability, and more Elements of Power Systems is designed as an undergraduate-level textbook, but the book also makes a handy reference for practicing power engineers.

Power distribution networks (PDNs) are key components in today's high-performance electronic circuitry. They ensure that circuits have a constant, stable supply of power. The complexities of designing PDNs have been dramatically reduced by frequency-domain analysis. This book examines step-by-step how electrical engineers can use frequency-domain techniques to accurately simulate, measure, and model PDNs. It guides engineers through the ins and outs of these techniques to ensure they develop the right PDN for any type of circuit. Circuit engineers gain valuable insight from the book's best practices for measuring, simulating, and modeling. Practical examples illustrate every phase in PDN development from material characterization and component design to modeling the entire network.

Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is the established essential text for the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Now in its third edition, it has been substantially updated with respect to structural dynamics and control. The new control chapter now includes details on how to design a classical pitch and torque regulator to control rotational speed and power, while the section on structural dynamics has been extended with a simplified mechanical system explaining the phenomena of forward and backward whirling modes. Readers will also benefit from a new chapter on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behaviour of a turbine. The book describes the effects of the dynamics and how this can be modelled in an aeroelastic code, which is widely used in the design and verification of modern wind turbines. Furthermore, it examines how to calculate the vibration of the whole construction, as well as the time varying loads and global case studies.

Wind Energy: An Introduction covers wind energy system types, operation, modeling, analysis, integration, and control. Beginning with a history of the development of wind energy, this comprehensive book: Explains the aerodynamic theories that govern the operation of wind turbines Presents wind energy statistics to address the stochastic nature of wind speed Employs the statistical modeling of wind speed to evaluate sites for wind energy generation Highlights the differences between the most common types of wind turbines Analyzes the main power electronic circuits used in wind energy Details the induction, synchronous, and permanent magnet generators from the basic principle of induced voltage to the steady-state and dynamic models Explores the operation, stability, control, and protection of type 1, 2, 3, and 4 wind turbines Discusses the main integration challenges of wind energy systems with electric utility systems Features numerous models, illustrations, real-world examples, and exercise problems Includes a solutions manual and figure slides with qualifying course adoption Wind Energy: An Introduction requires a basic knowledge of electric circuit theory, making it an ideal text for students at the senior-undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, the book provides practicing engineers with a handy professional reference.

This handbook gathers state-of-the-art research on optimization problems in power distribution systems, covering classical problems as well as the challenges introduced by distributed power generation and smart grid resources. It also presents recent models, solution techniques and computational tools to solve planning problems for power distribution systems and explains how to apply them in distributed and variable energy generation resources. As such, the book therefore is a valuable tool to leverage the expansion and operation planning of electricity distribution networks.

The book aims to equalize the theoretical involvement with industrial practicality and build a bridge between academia and industry by reducing the mathematical difficulties. It provides an overview of distributed control and distributed optimization theory, followed by specific details on industrial applications to smart grid systems, with a special focus on micro grid systems. Each of the chapters is written and organized with an introductory section tailored to provide the essential background of the theories required. The text includes industrial applications to realistic renewable energy systems problems and illustrates the application of proposed toolsets to control and optimization of smart grid systems.

Distributed controller design is generally a challenging task, especially for multi-agent systems with complex dynamics, due to the interconnected effect of the agent dynamics, the interaction graph among agents, and the cooperative control laws. Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems: A Consensus Region Approach offers a systematic framework for designing distributed controllers for multi-agent systems with general linear agent dynamics, linear agent dynamics with uncertainties, and Lipschitz nonlinear agent dynamics. Beginning with an introduction to cooperative control and graph theory, this monograph: Explores the consensus control problem for continuous-time and discrete-time linear multi-agent systems Studies the H and H2 consensus problems for linear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances Designs distributed adaptive consensus protocols for continuous-time linear multi-agent systems Considers the distributed tracking control problem for linear multi-agent systems with a leader of nonzero control input Examines the distributed containment control problem for the case with multiple leaders Covers the robust cooperative control problem for multi-agent systems with linear nominal agent dynamics subject to heterogeneous matching uncertainties Discusses the global consensus problem for Lipschitz nonlinear multi-agent systems Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems: A Consensus Region Approach provides a novel approach to designing distributed cooperative protocols for multi-agent systems with complex dynamics. The proposed consensus region decouples the design of the feedback gain matrices of the cooperative protocols from the communication graph and serves as a measure for the robustness of the protocols to variations of the communication graph. By exploiting the decoupling feature, adaptive cooperative protocols are presented that can be designed and implemented in a fully distributed fashion.