The book deals with urban transportation planning in light of environmental sustainability and social equity. It begins with a review of the Indian urban transportation system and the issues surrounding it, and discusses the alternatives and policy directions that are being considered. It examines all the environmental issues arising out of transportation as a sector and assesses the alternatives that can be considered to improve sustainability. Further, the book not only analyses transportation modes that cater to the travel needs of the poor, so as to make them more socially equitable, but also explores measures to promote them using a multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder approach. It addresses the barriers that are bottlenecks for the implementation of cleaner fuels and modes of transport and presents an incremental approach to tackle environmental concerns, including climate change, when planning transportation in the long term. Finally, it presents the dilemma of city administrators in choosing between strategies aimed at local pollution control and those aimed at limiting global emissions. This unique book provides a comprehensive overview of "sustainable transportation." It discusses all the important elements that are essential to transportation planners and policy makers when planning a city's transportation. Theoretical presentations augmented by case-specific research work and the methodology used in some of the modules, make it a valuable resource for researchers working at the forefront of this area.

The rather specialized field of solar and infrared radiation measurements has become increasingly important due to the increased demands by the renewable energy and climate change research communities for data with higher accuracy and increased temporal and spatial resolutions. Recent advances in radiometry, measurement systems, and information dissemination also have increased the need for refreshing the literature available for this topic. This book provides the reader with an up-to-date review of the important aspects of solar and infrared radiation measurements: radiometer design; equipment installation, operation, maintenance, and calibration; data quality assessment parameters; and the knowledge necessary to properly interpret and apply the measured data to a variety of topics. Each of the authors has more than 40 years of experience with this subject, primarily as the result of developing and operating multiple measurement stations, working with the industry to improve radiometry, and conducting various research projects. The book's scope and subject matter have been designed to help a wide audience gain a general understanding of this subject and to serve as a technical reference. A student new to the field will benefit from the review of terminology and the historical perspective for radiometry before addressing more detailed topics in radiometry that we hope will be of interest to the more experienced reader. Describes the strengths and weaknesses of irradiance instruments Provides detailed information on how to assess uncertainty in measurements Offers comprehensive background information needed to understand the use of solar instrumentation Discusses design concepts for shadowband radiometers, sky imagers, and satellite-based estimates of solar irradiance at the Earth's surface Includes chapter-end questions, references, and useful links

The first edition of Quantitative Feedback Theory gained enormous popularity by successfully bridging the gap between theory and real-world engineering practice. Avoiding mathematical theorems, lemmas, proofs, and correlaries, it boiled down to the essential elements of quantitative feedback theory (QFT) necessary to readily analyze, develop, and implement robust control systems. Thoroughly updated and expanded, Quantitative Feedback Theory: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition continues to provide a platform for intelligent decision making and design based on knowledge of the characteristics and operating scenario of the plant. Beginning with the fundamentals, the authors build a background in analog and discrete-time multiple-input-single-output (MISO) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) feedback control systems along with the fundamentals of the QFT technique. The remainder of the book links these concepts to practical applications. Among the many enhancements to this edition are a new section on large wind turbine control system, four new chapters, and five new appendices. The new chapters cover non-diagonal compensator design for MIMO systems, QFT design involving Smith predictors for time delay systems with uncertainty, weighting matrices and control authority, and QFT design techniques applied to real-world industrial systems. Quantitative Feedback Theory: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition includes new and revised examples and end-of-chapter problems and offers a companion CD that supplies MIMO QFT computer-aided design (CAD) software. It is the perfect guide to effectively and intuitively implementing QFT control.

In recent years, intelligent control has emerged as one of the most active and fruitful areas of research and development. Until now, however, there has been no comprehensive text that explores the subject with focus on the design and analysis of biological and industrial applications. Intelligent Control Systems Using Soft Computing Methodologies does all that and more.

Beginning with an overview of intelligent control methodologies, the contributors present the fundamentals of neural networks, supervised and unsupervised learning, and recurrent networks. They address various implementation issues, then explore design and verification of neural networks for a variety of applications, including medicine, biology, digital signal processing, object recognition, computer networking, desalination technology, and oil refinery and chemical processes.

The focus then shifts to fuzzy logic, with a review of the fundamental and theoretical aspects, discussion of implementation issues, and examples of applications, including control of autonomous underwater vehicles, navigation of space vehicles, image processing, robotics, and energy management systems. The book concludes with the integration of genetic algorithms into the paradigm of soft computing methodologies, including several more industrial examples, implementation issues, and open problems and open problems related to intelligent control technology.

Suited as both a textbook and a reference, Intelligent Control Systems explores recent advances in the field from both the theoretical and the practical viewpoints. It also integrates intelligent control design methodologies to give designers a set of flexible, robust controllers and provide students with a tool for solving the examples and exercises within the book.

The power sector has undergone a liberalization process both in industrialized and developing countries, involving market regimes, as well as ownership structure. These processes have called for new and innovative concepts, affecting both the operation of existing hydropower plants and transmission facilities, as well as the development and implementation of new projects. At the same time a sharper focus is being placed on environmental considerations. In this context it is important to emphasize the obvious benefits of hydropower as a clean, renewable and sustainable energy source. It is however also relevant to focus on the impact on the local environment during the planning and operation of hydropower plants. New knowledge and methods have been developed that make it possible to mitigate the local undesirable effects of such projects. Development and operation of modern power systems require sophisticated technology. Continuous research and development in this field is therefore crucial to maintaining hydropower as a competitive and environmentally well-accepted form of power generation.

Due to developments in powerful computers including microprocessors, application Specific Integrated Circuits, (ASICs), computational techniques, diverse technologies, and advances in the product design processm, the field of mechantronics (mechanics/electronics) has evolved as a powerful and cost effective means for product realization. End products cover a wide spectrum of fields such as manufacturing, transportation, energy and power systems, and a great variety of electromechanical systems. A number of descriptions on the broad field of mechatronics have been put forward on the international scene. This volume on mechatronics in diagnostic, reliability and control system techniques reveals the effectiveness and essential significance of techniques available and, with further development, the continuing essential role they will play in the future. This book is intended as a reference source for students, research workers, practitioners and computer engineers.

This textbook provides an excellent overview of the two most common uses of coal: combustion and gasification. The authors, experts in the fields of combustion, coal structure, and coal combustion modeling, present detailed yet easy to understand information on the properties of coal, combustion mechanisms of pulverized coal and small coal particles, combustion in fluidized beds and the gasification process. Unlike other books on the subject, industrial applications and environmental aspects are covered in detail.

The book presents design methods for analog integrated circuits with improved electrical performance. It describes different equivalent transistor models, design methods, and fabrication considerations for high-density integrated circuits in nanometer CMOS processes, and it analyzes circuit architectures that are suitable for analog building blocks. Highlighting various design challenges, the text offers a complete understanding of architectural- and transistor-level design issues of analog integrated circuits. It examines important trends in the design of high-speed and power-efficient front-end analog circuits that can be used for signal conditioning, filtering, and detection applications. Offers a comprehensive resource for mastering the analysis of analog integrated circuits. Describes circuit-level details of high-speed and power-efficient analog building blocks. Explores design methods based on various MOS transistor models (MOSFET, FinFET). Provides mathematical derivations of all equations and formulas. Emphasizes practical aspects relevant to integrated circuit implementation. Includes open-ended circuit design case studies.

This original contributed volume combines the individual expertise of eleven world-renowned professionals to provide comprehensive, authoritative coverage of state-of-the-art power electronics and AC drive technology. Featuring an extensive introductory chapter by power-electronics expert Bimal K. Bose and more than 400 figures, POWER ELECTRONICS AND VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES covers each of the field's component disciplines and drives - all in one complete resource. Broad in scope and unique in its presentation, this volume belongs on the bookshelf of every industry engineer, professor, graduate student, and researcher involved in this fast-growing multidisciplinary field. It is an essential for teaching, research, development, and design.

This book offers a comprehensive yet accessible snapshot of the latest consumer research on the adoption and use of electric vehicles. It discusses the importance of developing a better understanding of consumer behavior in relation to electric vehicles, and the advantages that can be gained from the growing number of electric vehicle users, who can now be studied directly. In turn, it systematically analyzes the leading markets for electric vehicles in North America, Europe and Asia. Bringing together the experience and expertise of authoritative researchers and practicing professionals, the book shares a wide range of empirical data obtained at the national level and summarizes the general lessons learned. The last part of the book discusses policy-relevant insights, forecasts the future evolution of the field in terms of methods and data availability, and addresses several key questions that policymakers and other stakeholders are currently facing.

Despite the available general literature in intelligent control, there is a definite lack of knowledge and know-how in practical applications of intelligent control in drying. This book fills that gap. Intelligent Control in Drying serves as an innovative and practical guide for researchers and professionals in the field of drying technologies, providing an overview of control principles and systems used in drying operations, from classical to model-based to adaptive and optimal control. At the same time, it lays out approaches to synthesis of control systems, based on the objectives and control strategies, reflecting complexity of drying process and material under drying. This essential reference covers both fundamental and practical aspects of intelligent control, sensor fusion and dynamic optimization with respect to drying.

This watershed reference explains distributed power generation systems for residential, commercial, industrial, and electric utility applications, objectively evaluating capabilities and limitations; carefully selecting where, when, and how they should be used; and thoroughly assessing layout and design possibilities. Offers detailed chapter-by-chapter case studies worked out in basic and sensitivity or alternative scenario variations focusing on the selection of DG and DG performance Placing DG in context through a series of tutorial background discussions, Distributed Power Generation examines the major types of distributed generators by category, including piston-driven and turbine, fuel cell, and renewable energy provides an overview of distributed and dispersed generation systems covers reliability and availability from the perspective of the customer and the electric utility focuses on time value of money concepts and their pragmatic application as decision-making tools looks at the cost, performance, and environmental impact of solar, wind, and low head hydro power explores energy storage systems including battery, flywheel, capacitors, and superconducting coil technologies investigates how demand and power generation vary over time, interact, and impact DG needs analyzes the application of predictive reliability methods to estimate the energy availability of a proposed DG design demonstrates the complexities involved in designing renewable systems to quantitative availability standards shows how equipment characteristics are optimized using simulation design methods details how and where unintentional or intentional bias can be hidden in a planning study and more Comparing DG to electric power systems and considering why it has become so competitive and desirable, Distributed Power Generation is a comprehensive reference ideal for power, electrical and electronics, industrial, manufacturing, and mechanical e

Quality of power supply is now a major issue worldwide making harmonic analysis an essential element in power system planning and design. Power System Harmonic Analysis presents novel analytical and modelling tools for the assessment of components and systems, and their interactions at harmonic frequencies. The recent proliferation of power electronic equipment is a significant source of harmonic distortion and the authors present effective techniques to tackle this real engineering problem. Features include:

• Introduction to the main harmonic modelling philosophies
• Analysis of the behaviour of harmonic sources, stressing the interaction of ac/dc converters with the power system
• Information showing the reader how to predict accurately the levels of voltage and current harmonics throughout the power system
• Explanation of the techniques currently used for the prediction of harmonic content and the more advanced algorithms recently developed to determine both characteristic and uncharacteristic harmonic levels
• Description of methods to facilitate accurate assessment of harmonic sources and precise harmonic flow analysis
• Practical guidance on the prediction of unstable conditions and uncharacteristic harmonics

In today's automated world, the need for economic generation of power is of vital importance. However, the industry is commonly perceived as being responsible for pollution of the atmosphere and contamination of land and water. The wide-ranging subjects addressed in this book will contribute to the public understanding of science in this important area. Encompassing areas as diverse as current performance standards and the use of nuclear fuel, Environmental Impact of Power Generation also includes an historical overview of electricity supply. The emotive issues of air pollution and the ecological effects of overhead power lines are tackled, along with energy efficiency and conservation. This book will be essential reading for students and practitioners in environmental science and engineering.

This text reassesses the basic premises that have guided electricity development for more than a century, in the light of new understanding, pressures and opportunities. It investigates the changes already in progress and those that may yet follow, their interactions and their implications for policy. As the world pursues sustainable development, what might "sustainable electricity" mean, and how can it be achieved?

From the basic fundamentals and principles of protective relaying to current research areas in protective systems and future developments in the field, this work covers all aspects of power system protection. It includes the implementation of relays using electromechanical devices, static devices and microprocessors; distance protection of high voltage and extra high voltage lines, including distance relay errors; and adaptive, dynamic, travelling wave and noise-based relays.

The focus of this book is on the design of a specific control strategy using digital computers. This control strategy referred to as Sliding Mode Control (SMC), has its roots in (continuous-time) relay control. This book aims to explain recent investigations' output in the field of discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC). The book starts by explaining a new robust LMI-based (state-feedback and observer-based output-feedback) DSMC including a new scheme for sparsely distributed control. It includes a novel event-driven control mechanism, called actuator-based event-driven scheme, using a synchronized-rate biofeedback system for heart rate regulation during cycle-ergometer. Key Features: Focuses on LMI-based SMC (sliding mode control) for uncertain discrete-time system using novel nonlinear components in the control law Makes reader understand the techniques of designing a discrete controller based on the flexible sliding functions Proposes new algorithms for sparsifying control and observer network through multi-objective optimization frameworks Discusses a framework for the design of SMC for two-dimensional systems along with analyzing the controllability of two-dimensional systems Discusses novel schemes for sparsifying the control network

This book describes the fundamentals and applications of wireless power transfer (WPT) in electric vehicles (EVs). Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a technology that allows devices to be powered without having to be connected to the electrical grid by a cable. Electric vehicles can greatly benefit from WPT, as it does away with the need for users to manually recharge the vehicles' batteries, leading to safer charging operations. Some wireless chargers are available already, and research is underway to develop even more efficient and practical chargers for EVs. This book brings readers up to date on the state-of-the-art worldwide. In particular, it provides: * The fundamental principles of WPT for the wireless charging of electric vehicles (car, bicycles and drones), including compensation topologies, bi-directionality and coil topologies. * Information on international standards for EV wireless charging. * Design procedures for EV wireless chargers, including software files to help readers test their own designs. * Guidelines on the components and materials for EV wireless chargers. * Review and analysis of the main control algorithms applied to EV wireless chargers. * Review and analysis of commercial EV wireless charger products coming to the market and the main research projects on this topic being carried out worldwide. The book provides essential practical guidance on how to design wireless chargers for electric vehicles, and supplies MATLAB files that demonstrate the complexities of WPT technology, and which can help readers design their own chargers.

Electric Energy Systems, Second Edition provides an analysis of electric generation and transmission systems that addresses diverse regulatory issues. It includes fundamental background topics, such as load flow, short circuit analysis, and economic dispatch, as well as advanced topics, such as harmonic load flow, state estimation, voltage and frequency control, electromagnetic transients, etc. The new edition features updated material throughout the text and new sections throughout the chapters. It covers current issues in the industry, including renewable generation with associated control and scheduling problems, HVDC transmission, and use of synchrophasors (PMUs). The text explores more sophisticated protections and the new roles of demand, side management, etc. Written by internationally recognized specialists, the text contains a wide range of worked out examples along with numerous exercises and solutions to enhance understanding of the material. Features Integrates technical and economic analyses of electric energy systems. Covers HVDC transmission. Addresses renewable generation and the associated control and scheduling problems. Analyzes electricity markets, electromagnetic transients, and harmonic load flow. Features new sections and updated material throughout the text. Includes examples and solved problems.

This book focusses on power quality improvement and enhancement techniques with aid of intelligent controllers and experimental results. It covers topics ranging from the fundamentals of power quality indices, mitigation methods, advanced controller design and its step by step approach, simulation of the proposed controllers for real time applications and its corresponding experimental results, performance improvement paradigms and its overall analysis, which helps readers understand power quality from its fundamental to experimental implementations. The book also covers implementation of power quality improvement practices. Key Features Provides solution for the power quality improvement with intelligent techniques Incorporated and Illustrated with simulation and experimental results Discusses renewable energy integration and multiple case studies pertaining to various loads Combines the power quality literature with power electronics based solutions Includes implementation examples, datasets, experimental and simulation procedures

Power Electronics in Smart Electrical Energy Networks introduces a new viewpoint on power electronics, re-thinking the basic philosophy governing electricity distribution systems. The proposed concept fully exploits the potential advantages of renewable energy sources and distributed generation (DG), which should not only be connected but also fully integrated into the distribution system in order to increase the efficiency, flexibility, safety, reliability and quality of the electricity and the networks. The transformation of current electricity grids into smart (resilient and interactive) networks necessitates the development, propagation and demonstration of key enabling cost-competitive technologies. A must-read for professionals in power engineering and utility industries, and researchers and postgraduates in distributed electrical power systems, the book presents the features, solutions and applications of the power electronics arrangements useful for future smart electrical energy networks.

This is a collection of conference papers on small hydro renewable energy, covering such topics as: resource assessment and planning; design and construction; and plant and equipment.

New research-case histories and operating data-on every conceivable facet of today's big problem are detailed in the latest Purdue Book-with unparalleled appropriate, usable information and data for your current industrial waste problems from the May 1989 Conference.

Thermoelectrics is the science and technology associated with thermoelectric converters, that is, the generation of electrical power by the Seebeck effect and refrigeration by the Peltier effect. Thermoelectric generators are being used in increasing numbers to provide electrical power in medical, military, and deep space applications where combinations of their desirable properties outweigh their relatively high cost and low generating efficiency. In recent years there also has been an increase in the requirement for thermoelectric coolers (Peltier devices) for use in infrared detectors and in optical communications. Information on thermoelectrics is not readily available as it is widely scattered throughout the literature. The Handbook centralizes this information in a convenient format under a single cover.
Sixty of the world's foremost authorities on thermoelectrics have contributed to this Handbook. It is comprised of fifty-five chapters, a number of which contain previously unpublished material. The contents are arranged in eight sections: general principles and theoretical considerations, material preparation, measurement of thermoelectric properties, thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric generation, generator applications, thermoelectric refrigeration, and applications of thermoelectric cooling.
The CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics has a broad-based scope. It will interest researchers, technologists, and manufacturers, as well as students and the well-informed, non-specialist reader.

This book deals with the concerns of everyone involved with the use of energy in buildings. It is written principle for those with a direct professional interest in the energy performance of buildings.