This book is offered as a practical primer on the hydrometallurgy of nonferrous metal reclamation from industrial wastes, as well as a brief discussion of pyrometallurgy, biological, and other separation processes. The objectives are to acquaint nontechnical readers with the subject as well as providing a detailed survey of current research and industrial practice to technical readers concerned with the management of industrial waste.

An in-depth treatment of the transient stability problem, its physical description and formulation. Discusses methods for transient stability analysis, sensitivity assessment and control. Considers conventional and non-conventional techniques including direct and artificial intelligence, system theory, load modeling, evaluation of machine parameters, saturation effects and pattern recognition approaches. Features practical examples and simulation results.

This book presents a guideline for EWMA filter design for industrial wireless networked control system, both theoretically and practically. The filter's key advantages are simple, effective, low computational overhead. This book also provides a guideline for practical implementation of EWMA filter for improving networked control performance of various process plants. It further discusses not only the advantages of the filter, but also the limitations and how to avoid them when implementing the filter from practical point of view.

As global demands for energy and lower carbon emissions rise, developing systems of energy conversion and storage becomes necessary. This book explores how Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion (EESC) devices are promising advanced power systems that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel into power, and thereby aid in proposing a solution to the global energy crisis. The book focuses on high-temperature electrochemical devices that have a wide variety of existing and potential applications, including the creation of fuel cells for power generation, production of high-purity hydrogen by electrolysis, high-purity oxygen by membrane separation, and various high-temperature batteries. High-Temperature Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive view of the new technologies in high-temperature electrochemistry. Written in a clear and detailed manner, it is suitable for developers, researchers, or students of any level.

We have used this book, manuscript form, as supplemental reading in our environmental engineering classes at Duke University. The discussion of ethics is usually reserved for the final few days of class, when the students should start asking 'so what? about course material. We respond to this question by covering the principles of ethics in one lecture and spending two or more sessions discussing various readings. Engineering students who have spent four years learning how to crunch numbers and to solve technical problems to three significant figures admit that the study of environmental ethics introduces new and exciting concepts into their professional thinking, and provides a perspective which otherwise would be missing from their education.

Hazardous energy present in systems, machines, and equipment has injured, maimed, and killed many workers. One serious injury can stop the growth of your business in its tracks. Management of Hazardous Energy: Deactivation, De-Energization, Isolation, and Lockout provides the practical tools needed to assess hazardous energy in equipment, machines, and systems, and covers how to manage hazardous energy through elimination or control in order to ensure worker safety and regulatory compliance. Written in plain English with a minimum of jargon, this book provides safety professionals with the knowledge they need to interact with specialists, designers, and engineers to ensure that appropriate and necessary protocols and safety practices and tools are put into place for assessing the dangers and steps taken to eliminate or control exposure to hazardous energy when needed. Approaching the subject from the bottom up, the author starts at the workplace level, to ensure that the right actions happen for the right reasons. The book explains a protocol for describing the flow of energy, including transformation and/or storage; for capturing the logic of decisions about control, including failure analysis and contingency planning; and ultimately for creating procedures that are technically sound and defensible. Creating simple procedures for ensuring worker safety and regulatory compliance, the book offers US and international strategies for hazardous energy management and contains examples to illustrate the application of concepts to specific areas.

This text book presents a comprehensive picture for the economic aspects, feasibility and adaptability as well as modelling of alternative energy sources and their interconnections. The economic analysis for each mode of energy source is preceded by the introduction of the sources basic structural components and operational as well as fuel characteristics.

Software Application Development: A Visual C plus plus, MFC, and STL Tutorial provides a detailed account of the software development process using Visual C plus plus, MFC, and STL. It covers everything from the design to the implementation of all software modules, resulting in a demonstration application prototype which may be used to efficiently represent mathematical equations, perform interactive and intuitive model-building, and conduct control engineering experiments. All computer code is included, allowing developers to extend and reuse the software modules for their own project work. The book's tutorial-like approach empowers students and practitioners with the knowledge and skills required to perform disciplined, quality, real-world software engineering.

Faced with the climate change phenomena, humanity has had to now contend with numerous changes, including our attitude environment protection, and also with depletion of classical energy resources. These have had consequences in the power production sector, which was already struggling with negative public opinion on nuclear energy, but a favorable perception of renewable energy resources. The objective of this edited volume is to review all these changes and to present solutions for future power generation.

The equations used to describe dynamic properties of physical systems are often nonlinear, and it is rarely possible to find their solutions. Although numerical solutions are impractical and graphical techniques are not useful for many types of systems, there are different theorems and methods that are useful regarding qualitative properties of nonlinear systems and their solutions-system stability being the most crucial property. Without stability, a system will not have value. Nonlinear Systems Stability Analysis: Lyapunov-Based Approach introduces advanced tools for stability analysis of nonlinear systems. It presents the most recent progress in stability analysis and provides a complete review of the dynamic systems stability analysis methods using Lyapunov approaches. The author discusses standard stability techniques, highlighting their shortcomings, and also describes recent developments in stability analysis that can improve applicability of the standard methods. The text covers mostly new topics such as stability of homogonous nonlinear systems and higher order Lyapunov functions derivatives for stability analysis. It also addresses special classes of nonlinear systems including time-delayed and fuzzy systems. Presenting new methods, this book provides a nearly complete set of methods for constructing Lyapunov functions in both autonomous and nonautonomous systems, touching on new topics that open up novel research possibilities. Gathering a body of research into one volume, this text offers information to help engineers design stable systems using practice-oriented methods and can be used for graduate courses in a range of engineering disciplines.

Piezoelectric Materials and Devices: Applications in Engineering and Medical Sciences provides a complete overview of piezoelectric materials, covering all aspects of the materials starting from fundamental concepts. The treatment includes physics of piezoelectric materials, their characteristics and applications. The author uses simple language to explain the theory of piezoelectricity and introduce readers to the properties and design of different types of piezoelectric materials, such as those used in engineering and medical device applications. This book: Introduces various types of dielectrics and their classification based on their characteristics Addresses the mathematical formulation of piezoelectric effects and the definition of various piezoelectric constants Describes the structure and properties of practical piezoelectric materials such as quartz, lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, zinc oxide, and polyvinylidene fluoride Covers the entire gamut of piezoelectric devices used in engineering and medical applications Discusses briefly the use of piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting and structural health monitoring Explores new developments in biomedical applications of piezoelectric devices such as drug delivery, blood flow and blood pressure monitoring, robotic operating tools, etc. Elaborates on design and virtual prototyping of piezoelectric devices through the use of FE software tools ANSYS and PAFEC Giving design engineers, scientists, and technologists the information and guidance they will need to adopt piezoelectric materials in the development of smart devices, this book will also motivate engineering and science students to initiate new research for developing innovative devices. Its contents will be invaluable to both students and professionals seeking a greater understanding of fundamentals and applications in the evolving field of piezoelectrics.

Optimal control deals with the problem of finding a control law for a given system such that a certain optimality criterion is achieved. An optimal control is a set of differential equations describing the paths of the control variables that minimize the cost functional. This book, Continuous Time Dynamical Systems: State Estimation and Optimal Control with Orthogonal Functions, considers different classes of systems with quadratic performance criteria. It then attempts to find the optimal control law for each class of systems using orthogonal functions that can optimize the given performance criteria. Illustrated throughout with detailed examples, the book covers topics including: Block-pulse functions and shifted Legendre polynomials State estimation of linear time-invariant systems Linear optimal control systems incorporating observers Optimal control of systems described by integro-differential equations Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control Optimal control of singular systems Optimal control of time-delay systems with and without reverse time terms Optimal control of second-order nonlinear systems Hierarchical control of linear time-invariant and time-varying systems

This text provides an introduction to the mathematical modeling and subsequent optimization of vehicle propulsion systems and their supervisory control algorithms. Automobiles are responsible for a substantial part of the world's consumption of primary energy, mostly fossil liquid hydrocarbons and the reduction of the fuel consumption of these vehicles has become a top priority. Increasing concerns over fossil fuel consumption and the associated environmental impacts have motivated many groups in industry and academia to propose new propulsion systems and to explore new optimization methodologies. This third edition has been prepared to include many of these developments. In the third edition, exercises are included at the end of each chapter and the solutions are available on the web.

A guide for software development of the dynamic security assessment and control of power systems, Structure Preserving Energy Functions in Power Systems: Theory and Applications takes an approach that is more general than previous works on Transient Energy Functions defined using Reduced Network Models. A comprehensive presentation of theory and applications, this book: Describes the analytics of monitoring and predicting dynamic security and emergency control through the illustration of theory and applications of energy functions defined on structure preserving models Covers different facets of dynamic analysis of large bulk power systems such as system stability evaluation, dynamic security assessment, and control, among others Supports illustration of SPEFs using examples and case studies, including descriptions of applications in real-time monitoring, adaptive protection, and emergency control Presents a novel network analogy based on accurate generator models that enables an accurate, yet simplified approach to computing total energy as the aggregate of energy in individual components The book presents analytical tools for online detection of loss of synchronism and suggests adaptive system protection. It covers the design of effective linear damping controllers using FACTS, for damping small oscillations during normal operation to prevent transition to emergency states, and emergency control based on FACTS, to improve first swing stability and also provide rapid damping of nonlinear oscillations that threaten system security during major disturbances. The author includes detection and control algorithms derived from theoretical considerations and illustrated through several examples and case studies on text systems.

Recursive Identification and Parameter Estimation describes a recursive approach to solving system identification and parameter estimation problems arising from diverse areas. Supplying rigorous theoretical analysis, it presents the material and proposed algorithms in a manner that makes it easy to understand-providing readers with the modeling and identification skills required for successful theoretical research and effective application. The book begins by introducing the basic concepts of probability theory, including martingales, martingale difference sequences, Markov chains, mixing processes, and stationary processes. Next, it discusses the root-seeking problem for functions, starting with the classic RM algorithm, but with attention mainly paid to the stochastic approximation algorithms with expanding truncations (SAAWET) which serves as the basic tool for recursively solving the problems addressed in the book. The book not only identifies the results of system identification and parameter estimation, but also demonstrates how to apply the proposed approaches for addressing problems in a range of areas, including: Identification of ARMAX systems without imposing restrictive conditions Identification of typical nonlinear systems Optimal adaptive tracking Consensus of multi-agents systems Principal component analysis Distributed randomized PageRank computation This book recursively identifies autoregressive and moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX) and discusses the identification of non-linear systems. It concludes by addressing the problems arising from different areas that are solved by SAAWET. Demonstrating how to apply the proposed approaches to solve problems across a range of areas, the book is suitable for students, researchers, and engineers working in systems and control, signal processing, communication, and mathematical statistics.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software while LabVIEW is a graphical programming telling how to connect functions and work with a variety of datatypes when constructing applications.This book will help beginners to get started with Arduino-based embedded systems including essential know-how of the programming and interfacing of the devices. Book includes programming and simulation of Arduino-based projects and interfacing with LabVIEW, based on practical case studies. The book comprises of total twenty five chapters with description, working model of LabVIEW and programming with Arduino IDE.

The goal of the book is to provide basic and advanced knowledge of design, analysis, and circuit implementation for electronic instrumentation and clarify how to get the best out of the analog, digital, and computer circuitry design steps. The reader will learn the physical fundamentals guiding the electrical and mechanical devices that allow for a modern automation and control system, which are widely comprised of computers, electronic instrumentation, communication loops, smart grids, and digital circuitry. It includes practical and technical data on electronic instrumentation with respect to efficiency, maximum power, and applications. Additionally, the text discusses fuzzy logic and neural networks and how they can be used in practice for electronic instrumentation of distributed generation, smart grids, and power systems.

With the constant emergence of new research and application possibilities, gaseous electronics is more important than ever in disciplines including engineering (electrical, power, mechanical, electronics, and environmental), physics, and electronics. The first resource of its kind, Gaseous Electronics: Tables, Atoms, and Molecules fulfills the author's vision of a stand-alone reference to condense 100 years of research on electron-neutral collision data into one easily searchable volume. It presents most-if not all-of the properly classified experimental results that scientists, researchers, and students require for a theoretical and practical understanding of collision properties and their impact. An unprecedented collection and analysis of electron neutral collision properties This book follows a new user-friendly format that enables readers to easily retrieve, analyze, and apply specific atomic/molecular information as needed. In his previous work, Gaseous Electronics: Theory and Practice, the author first explored electron-neutron interactions. To clarify the complex fundamental processes involved, he cited as much experimental data on atoms and molecules as limited space would allow. Completing that task, this handy reference more fully compiles essential revised data on more than 420 atoms and molecules, arranging it into easily digestible chapters, sections, and appendices. Analysis parameters include total scattering, ionization, excitation, attachment cross sections, ionization and attachment coefficients, attachment rates, and ion drift velocity. Some recent research areas in gaseous electronics include: Environmentally efficient and protective lighting devices Plasma research for power generation and space applications Medical applications (some involving skin treatment and healing) Written entirely in SI units, the book includes hundreds of tables, figures, and specially drawn charts, with data expressed in both tabular and graphical form. Each chapter stands independently and contains references for further research.

Learn How to Implement Safety Codes and Regulations Effectively A number of electrical fatalities and injuries that occur each year can be overcome by a thorough understanding of electrical concepts. Yet due to the complexity of regulatory requirements, many safety professionals may not be fully equipped to handle the task. Electrical Safety: Systems, Sustainability, and Stewardship addresses the problem by simplifying the knowledge acquisition process, and arming safety professionals with the tools needed to successfully meet safety and efficacy goals. From power generation facility to electrical device, this text combines knowledge of industry standards, regulations, and real-world experience to provide a detailed explanation of electrical power generation, transmittal, and use. Explains the Concepts behind Electric Code The book introduces the basic sustainability and stewardship concepts inherent to reliability centered maintenance (RCM). It explains how these concepts apply to the components of an electrical system (the concepts can be used when auditing for electrical safety, training on electrical safety, and overseeing an upgrade or extension of a building's electrical system). In addition, it addresses general electrical safety, electromagnetic field shields, ohm/resistance study criteria, arc flash hazard analysis, and hazardous energy control. The authors outline OSHA requirements and the reasons for those requirements, and explain the implementation exigencies. This book: Describes power generation, transmittal, and usage Contains regulatory summaries from the OSHA electrical safety standards Presents the various types of electrical studies including arc flash, electromagnetic field, and ohm resistance investigations Discusses earthing grounds and overcurrent devices as over

This book has grown from Intermediate Technology's field experiences with micro-hydro installations and covers operation and maintenance, commissioning, electrical power, induction generators, electronic controllers, management, and energy surveys.

The wind is a renewable energy resource that can never be exhausted and which avoids pollution. This makes it one of the most environmentally sound energy options available.;Applied to water pumping, the wind has been central in the stimulation of many rural economies, such as the Great Plains in the United States, the Australian outback, and Argentina, and there is still great potential for future development of the wind-pumping resource. However, the scarcity of appropriate information on the technology, economics and potential has restricted dissemination in the developing world. "Windpumping: A Guide for Development Workers" overcomes this problem by taking the reader through every aspect of this topic in a systematic way.;The appendix includes a list of international suppliers and manufacturers of windpumping equipment, together with a summary of their products and services.

Distributed Control Applications: Guidelines, Design Patterns, and Application Examples with the IEC 61499 discusses the IEC 61499 reference architecture for distributed and reconfigurable control and its adoption by industry. The book provides design patterns, application guidelines, and rules for designing distributed control applications based on the IEC 61499 reference model. Moreover, examples from various industrial domains and laboratory environments are introduced and explored.

The H control has been one of the important robust control approaches since the 1980s. This book extends the area to nonlinear stochastic H2/H control, and studies more complex and practically useful mixed H2/H controller synthesis rather than the pure H control. Different from the commonly used convex optimization method, this book applies the Nash game approach to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the mixed H2/H control. Researchers will benefit from our detailed exposition of the stochastic mixed H2/H control theory, while practitioners can apply our efficient algorithms to address their practical problems.

All the key elements and tools necessary to plan and operate efficient electric utility power systems are presented in this book. The seven sections address economics, finance, and regulation; industrial power economics; load demand and management; reliability of the generation system; cost of production in the generation system; capacity planning; and transmission planning. Each section addresses power system theory and principles, and applies them to realistic utility examples. The results from solved examples are expanded to illustrate the sensitivity and direction of key parameters.

Timing, memory, power dissipation, testing, and testability are all crucial elements of VLSI circuit design. In this volume culled from the popular VLSI Handbook, experts from around the world provide in-depth discussions on these and related topics. Stacked gate, embedded, and flash memory all receive detailed treatment, including their power consumption and recent developments in low-power memories. Reflecting the rapid development and importance of systems-on-a-chip (SOCs), an entire chapter is devoted to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Design-related topics include microprocessor architectures, layout methods, design verification, testability concepts, and various CAD tools.
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