Small satellites use commercial off-the-shelf sensors and actuators for attitude determination and control (ADC) to reduce the cost. These sensors and actuators are usually not as robust as the available, more expensive, space-proven equipment. As a result, the ADC system of small satellites is more vulnerable to any fault compared to a system for larger competitors. This book aims to present useful solutions for fault tolerance in ADC systems of small satellites. The contents of the book can be divided into two categories: fault tolerant attitude filtering algorithms for small satellites and sensor calibration methods to compensate the sensor errors. MATLAB (R) will be used to demonstrate simulations. Presents fault tolerant attitude estimation algorithms for small satellites with an emphasis on algorithms' practicability and applicability Incorporates fundamental knowledge about the attitude determination methods at large Discusses comprehensive information about attitude sensors for small satellites Reviews calibration algorithms for small satellite magnetometers with simulated examples Supports theory with MATLAB simulation results which can be easily understood by individuals without a comprehensive background in this field Covers up-to-date discussions for small satellite attitude systems design Dr. Chingiz Hajiyev is a professor at the Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Istanbul Technical University (Istanbul, Turkey). Dr. Halil Ersin Soken is an assistant professor at the Aerospace Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University (Ankara, Turkey).

Fills the gap for a concise preliminary textbook on power electronic drives, with simple illustrations and applications Presents the integration of power electronics and machines in a simple manner Discusses the principles of electric motors and power electronics in an introductory manner Discusses DC and AC drives, with an emphasis on PM drives Includes questions and homework problems with hints and case studies

Electric energy is arguably a key agent for our material prosperity. With the notable exception of photovoltaic generators, electric generators are exclusively used to produce electric energy from mechanical energy. More than 60% of all electric energy is used in electric motors for useful mechanical work in various industries. This book presents the modeling, performance, design, and control of reluctance synchronous and flux-modulation machines developed for higher efficiency and lower cost. It covers one- and three-phase reluctance synchronous motors in line-start applications and various reluctance flux-modulation motors in pulse width modulation converter-fed variable speed drives. FEATURES Presents basic and up-to-date knowledge about the topologies, modeling, performance, design, and control of reluctance synchronous machines. Includes information on recently introduced reluctance flux-modulation electric machines (switched- flux, flux-reversal, Vernier, transverse flux, claw pole, magnetic-geared dual-rotor, brushless doubly fed, etc.). Features numerous examples and case studies throughout. Provides a comprehensive overview of all reluctance electric machines.

The revised edition presents, extends, and updates a thorough analysis of the factors that cause and accelerate the aging of conductive and insulating materials of which transmission and distribution electrical apparatus is made. New sections in the second edition summarize the issues of the aging, reliability, and safety of electrical apparatus, as well as supporting equipment in the field of generating renewable energy (solar, wind, tide, and wave power). When exposed to atmospheric corrosive gases and fluids, contaminants, high and low temperatures, vibrations, and other internal and external impacts, these systems deteriorate; eventually the ability of the apparatus to function properly is destroyed. In the modern world of "green energy", the equipment providing clean, electrical energy needs to be properly maintained in order to prevent premature failure. The book's purpose is to help find the proper ways to slow down the aging of electrical apparatus, improve its performance, and extend the life of power generation, transmission, and distribution equipment.

The book presents design methods for analog integrated circuits with improved electrical performance. It describes different equivalent transistor models, design methods, and fabrication considerations for high-density integrated circuits in nanometer CMOS processes, and it analyzes circuit architectures that are suitable for analog building blocks. Highlighting various design challenges, the text offers a complete understanding of architectural- and transistor-level design issues of analog integrated circuits. It examines important trends in the design of high-speed and power-efficient front-end analog circuits that can be used for signal conditioning, filtering, and detection applications. Offers a comprehensive resource for mastering the analysis of analog integrated circuits. Describes circuit-level details of high-speed and power-efficient analog building blocks. Explores design methods based on various MOS transistor models (MOSFET, FinFET). Provides mathematical derivations of all equations and formulas. Emphasizes practical aspects relevant to integrated circuit implementation. Includes open-ended circuit design case studies.

Multi-level Inverters (MLIs) are widely used for conversion of DC to AC power. This book provides various low-switching frequency (LSF) modulation schemes (conventional and improved), which can be implemented on MLIs. The LSF modulation schemes are implemented to three different MLI topologies to demonstrate their working and aimed at their application to reader invented MLI topologies. Highlighting the advantages of LSF over high-switching frequency (HSF) modulation schemes, the simulations are carried out using MATLAB (R)/Simulink along with hardware experiments. The practical application of MLIs to renewable energy sources and electric vehicles is also provided at the end of the book. Aimed at researchers, graduate students in Electric Power Engineering, Power Electronics, this book: Presents detailed overview of most commonly used multi-level invertor topologies. Covers advantages of low-switching over high-switching frequency scheme. Includes an exclusive section dedicated for an improved low-switching modulation scheme. Dedicated chapter on application of renewable energy sources to multi-level invertors and electric vehicles. Explains all the low-switching frequency modulation schemes.

This book focuses on solar energy conversion systems that can be implemented in the built environment, at building or at community level. The quest for developing a sustainable built environment asks for specific solutions to provide clean energy based on renewable sources, and solar energy is considered one of the cleanest available energy on Earth. The specific issues raised by the implementation location are discussed, including the climatic profile distorted by the buildings, the available surface on the buildings for implementation, etc. This book also discusses the seasonal and diurnal variability of the solar energy resource in parallel with the variability of the electrical and thermal energy demand in the built environment (particularly focusing on the residential buildings). Solutions are proposed to match these variabilities, including the development of energy mixes with other renewables (e.g. geothermal or biomass, for thermal energy production). Specific solutions, including case studies of systems implemented on buildings all over the world, are presented and analyzed for electrical and for thermal energy production and the main differences in the systems design are outlined. The conversion efficiency (thus the output) and the main causes of energy losses are considered in both cases. The architectural constraints are additionally considered and novel solar energy convertors with different shapes and colors are presented and discussed. The durability of the solar energy conversion systems is analyzed considering the specific issues that occur when these systems are implemented in the built environment; based on practical examples, general conclusions are formulated and specific aspects are discussed in relation to experimental results and literature data. With renewables implemented in the built environment likely to expand in the near future, this book represents welcome and timely material for all professionals and researchers that are aiming to provide efficient and feasible solutions for the sustainable built environment.

Optimal Power Flow Using FACTS Devices: Soft Computing Techniques develops intelligent algorithms to analyze optimal power flow (OPF) and to enhance the power transfer capability of the transmission line with reduced congestion. By providing elaborate studies on FACTS devices and by using soft computing metaheuristics algorithms such as Firefly, Cuckoo, Flower Pollination, and others., this book enables readers to know about algorithms in real-time power system applications and damping of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) oscillations. Key features of this book include: Offers comprehensive review of FACTS devices and the importance of soft computing techniques for solving OPF. Describes the various problems associated with power system operation and control. Addresses issues of SSR in power systems and proposes soft techniques for SSR analysis in power systems. Demonstrates of the importance of SSR and congestion management using intelligent FACTS devices as part of OPF. Covers power systems' reliability, quality, cost-effectiveness, effects on customer goodwill, and pollution limits, including the deregulation of markets and different intelligent controllers. Optimal Power Flow Using FACTS Devices: Soft Computing Techniques is aimed at researchers and professionals in the field of power systems.

The term "mechatronics" was coined in 1969, merging "mecha" from mechanism and "tronics" from electronics, to reflect the original idea at the basis of this discipline, that is, the integration of electrical and mechanical systems into a single device. The spread of this term, and of mechatronics itself, has been growing in the years, including new aspects and disciplines, like control engineering, computer engineering and communication/information engineering. Nowadays mechatronics has a well-defined and fundamental role, in strict relation with robotics. Drawing a sharp border between mechatronics and robotics is impossible, as they share many technologies and objectives. Advanced robots could be defined as mechatronic devices equipped with a "smart brain", but there are also up-to-date mechatronic devices, used in tight interaction with humans, that are governed by smart architectures (for example, for safety purposes). Aim of this book is to offer a wide overview of new research trends and challenges for both mechatronics and robotics, through the contribution of researchers from different institutions, providing their view on specific subjects they consider as "hot topics" in both fields, with attention to new fields of application, new challenges to the research communities and new technologies available. The reader of this book will enjoy the various contributions, as they have been prepared with actual applications in mind, along a journey from advanced actuators and sensors to human-robot interaction, through robot control, navigation, planning and programming issues. The book presents several state-of-the-art solutions, like multiple-stage actuation to cope with conflicting specification of large motion-spans, ultra-high accuracy, model-based control for high-tech mechatronic systems, modern approaches of software systems engineering to robotics, aand humanoids for human assistance. The reader can also find new techniques in approaching the design of mechatronic systems in some possible industrial and service robotics scenarios, with a particular attention for the interaction between humans and mechanisms.

Microgrids offers a complete discussion and details about microgrids and their applications, including modeling of AC/DC and hybrid grids in a tied mode with simulation for the solar systems, wind turbines, biomass and fuel cells, and deployment issues. The data communications and control mechanism implementations are analyzed for proper coordination of the AC/DC microgrid. The various real-time applications and future development of the microgrid are also discussed in this book, with MATLAB (R)-based simulations and results. This book: Discusses the fundamentals of microgrids, the components of microgrids, the modeling of renewable energy sources, and the implementation of microgrids. Explores AC and DC microgrid modeling with real-time examples. Examines the effective extraction of energy from renewable energy sources. Covers analysis of data communications and control-mechanism implementations. Includes HOMER/MATLAB (R)-based simulations and results on microgrids. This book would be a welcome addition to the libraries of researchers, senior undergraduate students, and graduate students in power and electrical engineering, especially those working with smart and microgrids.

The proliferation of multicore processors in the embedded market for Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) makes developing real-time embedded applications increasingly difficult. What is the underlying theory that makes multicore real-time possible? How does theory influence application design? When is a real-time operating system (RTOS) useful? What RTOS features do applications need? How does a mature RTOS help manage the complexity of multicore hardware? Real-Time Systems Development with RTEMS and Multicore Processors answers these questions and more with exemplar Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS) RTOS to provide concrete advice and examples for constructing useful, feature-rich applications. RTEMS is free, open-source software that supports multi-processor systems for over a dozen CPU architectures and over 150 specific system boards in applications spanning the range of IoT and CPS domains such as satellites, particle accelerators, robots, racing motorcycles, building controls, medical devices, and more. The focus of this book is on enabling real-time embedded software engineering while providing sufficient theoretical foundations and hardware background to understand the rationale for key decisions in RTOS and application design and implementation. The topics covered in this book include: Cross-compilation for embedded systems development Concurrent programming models used in real-time embedded software Real-time scheduling theory and algorithms used in wide practice Usage and comparison of two application programmer interfaces (APIs) in real-time embedded software: POSIX and the RTEMS Classic APIs Design and implementation in RTEMS of commonly found RTOS features for schedulers, task management, time-keeping, inter-task synchronization, inter-task communication, and networking The challenges introduced by multicore hardware, advances in multicore real-time theory, and software engineering multicore real-time systems with RTEMS All the authors of this book are experts in the academic field of real-time embedded systems. Two of the authors are primary open-source maintainers of the RTEMS software project.

Linear and Non-Linear System Theory focuses on the basics of linear and non-linear systems, optimal control and optimal estimation with an objective to understand the basics of state space approach linear and non-linear systems and its analysis thereof. Divided into eight chapters, materials cover an introduction to the advanced topics in the field of linear and non-linear systems, optimal control and estimation supported by mathematical tools, detailed case studies and numerical and exercise problems. This book is aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in electrical, instrumentation, electronics, chemical, control engineering and other allied branches of engineering. Features Covers both linear and non-linear system theory Explores state feedback control and state estimator concepts Discusses non-linear systems and phase plane analysis Includes non-linear system stability and bifurcation behaviour Elaborates optimal control and estimation

The study of electromagnetic field theory is required for proper understanding of every device wherein electricity is used for operation. The proposed textbook on electromagnetic fields covers all the generic and unconventional topics including electrostatic boundary value problems involving two- and three-dimensional Laplacian fields and one- and two- dimensional Poissonion fields, magnetostatic boundary value problems, eddy currents, and electromagnetic compatibility. The subject matter is supported by practical applications, illustrations to supplement the theory, solved numerical problems, solutions manual and Powerpoint slides including appendices and mathematical relations. Aimed at undergraduate, senior undergraduate students of electrical and electronics engineering, it: Presents fundamental concepts of electromagnetic fields in a simplified manner Covers one two- and three-dimensional electrostatic boundary value problems involving Laplacian fields and Poissonion fields Includes exclusive chapters on eddy currents and electromagnetic compatibility Discusses important aspects of magneto static boundary value problems Explores all the basic vector algebra and vector calculus along with couple of two- and three-dimensional problems

There has been an increasing interest in multi-disciplinary research on multisensor attitude estimation technology driven by its versatility and diverse areas of application, such as sensor networks, robotics, navigation, video, biomedicine, etc. Attitude estimation consists of the determination of rigid bodies' orientation in 3D space. This research area is a multilevel, multifaceted process handling the automatic association, correlation, estimation, and combination of data and information from several sources. Data fusion for attitude estimation is motivated by several issues and problems, such as data imperfection, data multi-modality, data dimensionality, processing framework, etc. While many of these problems have been identified and heavily investigated, no single data fusion algorithm is capable of addressing all the aforementioned challenges. The variety of methods in the literature focus on a subset of these issues to solve, which would be determined based on the application in hand. Historically, the problem of attitude estimation has been introduced by Grace Wahba in 1965 within the estimate of satellite attitude and aerospace applications. This book intends to provide the reader with both a generic and comprehensive view of contemporary data fusion methodologies for attitude estimation, as well as the most recent researches and novel advances on multisensor attitude estimation task. It explores the design of algorithms and architectures, benefits, and challenging aspects, as well as a broad array of disciplines, including: navigation, robotics, biomedicine, motion analysis, etc. A number of issues that make data fusion for attitude estimation a challenging task, and which will be discussed through the different chapters of the book, are related to: 1) The nature of sensors and information sources (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, GPS, inclinometer, etc.); 2) The computational ability at the sensors; 3) The theoretical developments and convergence proofs; 4) The system architecture, computational resources, fusion level.

This book presents a comprehensive, ordered relationship between malfunctions and symptoms occurring in large turbogenerators. With this book, the operator and/or engineer in a generating station could identify underlying causes of a developing component degradation or a failure quicker, which could potentially save both time and money and reduce the trial-and-error troubleshooting process. Large turbogenerators are the most important source of electricity. They can be found in thousands of power stations in every country. Forced outages, failures and degradation of these very expensive machines have an enormous aggregate cost to society. As such, any tool that can ameliorate loss of production by shaving time from troubleshooting activities, and avoiding unnecessary costs by detecting and promptly responding to component degradation, represents a step forward.

This book describes advanced research results on Modeling and Control designs for Fuel Cells and their hybrid energy systems. Filled with simulation examples and test results, it provides detailed discussions on Fuel Cell Modeling, Analysis, and Nonlinear control. Beginning with an introduction to Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Power Systems, as well as the fundamentals of Fuel Cell Systems and their components, it then presents the Linear and Nonlinear modeling of Fuel Cell Dynamics. Typical approaches of Linear and Nonlinear Modeling and Control Design methods for Fuel Cells are also discussed. The authors explore the Simulink implementation of Fuel Cells, including the modeling of PEM Fuel Cells and Control Designs. They cover the applications of Fuel cells in vehicles, utility power systems, and stand-alone systems, which integrate Fuel Cells, Wind Power, and Solar Power. Mathematical preliminaries on Linear and Nonlinear Control are provided in an appendix.

Current energy consumption mainly depends on fossil fuels that are limited and can cause environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. These factors have stimulated the search for alternate, clean, and renewable energy sources. Solar cells are some of the most promising clean and readily available energy sources. Plus, the successful utilization of solar energy can help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Recently, organic solar cells have gained extensive attention as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their light weight, mechanical flexibility, and solution-based cost-effective processing. Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling provides an in-depth understanding of the current state of the art of organic solar cell technology. Encompassing the full spectrum of organic solar cell materials, modeling and simulation, and device physics and engineering, this comprehensive text: Discusses active layer, interfacial, and transparent electrode materials Explains how to relate synthesis parameters to morphology of the photoactive layer using molecular dynamics simulations Offers insight into coupling morphology and interfaces with charge transport in organic solar cells Explores photoexcited carrier dynamics, defect states, interface engineering, and nanophase separation Covers inorganic-organic hybrids, tandem structure, and graphene-based polymer solar cells Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling makes an ideal reference for scientists and engineers as well as researchers and students entering the field from broad disciplines including chemistry, material science and engineering, physics, nanotechnology, nanoscience, and electrical engineering.

Multisensor Data Fusion: From Algorithms and Architectural Design to Applications covers the contemporary theory and practice of multisensor data fusion, from fundamental concepts to cutting-edge techniques drawn from a broad array of disciplines. Featuring contributions from the world's leading data fusion researchers and academicians, this authoritative book: Presents state-of-the-art advances in the design of multisensor data fusion algorithms, addressing issues related to the nature, location, and computational ability of the sensors Describes new materials and achievements in optimal fusion and multisensor filters Discusses the advantages and challenges associated with multisensor data fusion, from extended spatial and temporal coverage to imperfection and diversity in sensor technologies Explores the topology, communication structure, computational resources, fusion level, goals, and optimization of multisensor data fusion system architectures Showcases applications of multisensor data fusion in fields such as medicine, transportation's traffic, defense, and navigation Multisensor Data Fusion: From Algorithms and Architectural Design to Applications is a robust collection of modern multisensor data fusion methodologies. The book instills a deeper understanding of the basics of multisensor data fusion as well as a practical knowledge of the problems that can be faced during its execution.

The integration of electronics in large systems and installations steadily increases, consider for example the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things. Power consumption decreases while the operating speed increases making equipment potentially more vulnerable for interference. The responsibility of the installer is shifting towards that of the system integrator, requiring more in-depth knowledge to achieve and maintain EMC during the technical and economical lifespan of the system or installation and the distinction between both diminishes. EMC for Installers: Electromagnetic Compatibility of Systems and Installations combines an integral risk based approached to EMC design and management with robust technical measures. Written by two experts, who both started nearly three decades ago in EMC, it provides guidance to those new in the field and servers as reference to those with experience. The book starts with the basic concept of EMC and evolves gradually towards more difficult topics. Particular attention is given to grounding concepts and the protection of cabling and wiring. This book puts a strong focus on passive means that are widely available for each installer: cable conduits used for cable routing can be exploited for significant improvement of the EMC-behavior of the system or installation. In addition, it will be explained how to use standard metallic enclosures to enhance the EMC-performance. For most demanding situations shielded rooms and shielding cabinets are explained. This book describes pre-compliance and full-compliance testing tailored to large systems. Templates and checklists are provided for both risk and management and test management. Electromagnetic compatibility explained as simple as possible, without over-simplifying. Practical approach, with hands-on demonstrations based on an example installation. Learn how to exploit cable conduits, used for cable routing anyway, to improve the EMC performance of an installation. Learn how to exploit standard metallic enclosures to improve EMC in systems. Design of power distribution networks to minimize disturbing fields. Toolbox and templates for managing and sustaining EMC over a long lifetime.

This book presents a guideline for EWMA filter design for industrial wireless networked control system, both theoretically and practically. The filter's key advantages are simple, effective, low computational overhead. This book also provides a guideline for practical implementation of EWMA filter for improving networked control performance of various process plants. It further discusses not only the advantages of the filter, but also the limitations and how to avoid them when implementing the filter from practical point of view.

Microgrids provide opportunities to develop new electrical networks targeted for the needs of communities. The fourth industrial revolution is associated with the global trend toward decentralizing energy grids. Within this context, microgrids are seen as a solution to how renewable electricity can be supplied to local areas. The Fundamentals of Microgrids: Development and Implementation provides an in-depth examination of microgrid energy sources, applications, technologies, and policies. This book considers the fundamental configurations and applications for microgrids and examines their use as a means of meeting international sustainability goals. It focuses on questions and issues associated with microgrid topologies, development, implementation and regulatory issues. Distributed energy resources are defined, stand-a-lone generation systems are described and examples of typical microgrid configurations are provided. The key components of developing a business model for microgrid development are also considered. Features: Describes what microgrids are and details the basics of how they work while considering benefits of microgrids and their disadvantages. Provides answers to the fundamental questions energy managers and other professionals want to know about the basics of microgrids. Details the applications for microgrids and demystifies the types of microgrid architectures that are successful. Includes real-world examples of functioning microgrids which provide models for the development of microgrids in the future. Discusses the key considerations that must be addressed to develop a business case for microgrid development.

Micro-hydro is a useful way of providing power to houses, workshops or villages that need an independent supply. For many remote areas beyond the reach of a national grid, micro-hydro is the only economic option. Where flow is limited, but high heads are available, the Pelton wheel is one of the most useful turbines. The Micro-hydro Pelton Turbine Manual is written to enable the reader to design and manufacture Pelton turbines with capacities from a few hundred Watts to around 100kw, though much of the information is relevant for larger units too. Aimed at readers with a general engineering workshop background, the emphasis is on simple technology, so that the turbines can be made in small workshops with basic engineering facilities. More advanced processes are discussed for those with access to better manufacturing facilities. As well as detailing all the important aspects of design, the book covers basic theory, turbine selection, manufacture, installation, testing and problem-solving. The manual is well illustrated and contains a comprehensive appendices, containing manufacturing reference information and the derivation of equations used. Jeremy Thake, a mechanical design engineer, has worked for the appropriate technology organization, DCS, in Nepal for six years in micro-hydro systems. He currently works for the renewable energy consultancy, IT Power.

This book presents an overall picture of both B2B and B2C marketing strategies, concepts and tools, in the aeronautics sector. This is a significant update to an earlier book successfully published in the nineties which was released in Europe, China, and the USA. It addresses the most recent trends such as Social Marketing and the internet, Customer Orientation, Project Marketing and Con current Engineering, Coopetition, and Extended Enterprise. Aerospace Marketing Management is the first marketing handbook richly illustrated with executive and expert inputs as well as examples from parts suppliers, aircraft builders, airlines, helicopter manufacturers, aeronautics service providers, airports, defence and military companies, and industrial integrators (tier-1, tier-2). This book is designed as a ready reference for professionals and graduates from both Engineering and Business Schools.

This book gathers contributions from researchers and practitioners that foster user-centric, cross-modal and sustainable transport systems in Europe. It reports on cutting-edge approaches discussed within the project MOBILITY4EU, a Coordination and Support Action funded by the European Commission, and presented at the second conference "Towards User Centric Transport in Europe" that took place in Brussels in Fall 2018. The respective papers describe innovative approaches to improving urban mobility and accessibility, achieving zero-emission mobility, and guaranteeing, seamless operations. Co-creation approaches are also discussed. Highlighting technological, socio-economic and political strategies alike, the book provides researches and stakeholders with a comprehensive, timely snapshot of current measures and challenges for the mobility of tomorrow.

The papers collected here, originally presented at a seminar cosponsored by the East-West Center and the Asian Productivity Organization, address the links between energy sector performance and economic development in the Asia-Pacific region. The contributors include senior-level government officials and researchers concerned with energy planning and economic development. Their aim throughout is to identify the major linkages that do exist, to assess the role of the energy sector in future development, and to discuss energy policy options that will optimize economic growth.

Divided into five major sections, the volume begins with papers that explore regional issues of energy and economic development. Separate chapters are devoted to the effects of OPEC and oil price fluctuations, the relationship between energy and economic growth, energy trade in Asia and the Pacific, changes in the balance of payments and capital flows, and problems of property rights and petroleum exploration. The sections that follow present case studies of individual Pacific and Asian countries, organized by region. Particular attention is paid to the effects of increasing interdependencies within the region and to the relative success of policies developed in response to the long-term outlook for oil supplies and prices. Students of energy economics and Asian development will find "The Energy-Economy Link" invaluable reading.