These proceedings capture papers presented at the third International Conferences on Sustainable Automotive Technologies (ICSAT), held at the Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR), Greenville, South Carolina, USA, during 5-6 April 2011. ICSAT is the state-of-the-art conference in the field of new technologies for transportation. The book summarizes all important trends in sustainability of automotive development today with a special focus on materials, propulsion technologies as well as manufacturing issues. It provides a brief selection of papers and key-note speakers of the conference. Papers from the US, Australia, Europe and Asia are showing the lighthouse character of the conference, in a field which gains more and more importance as far as emissions and the lack of fossil fuels in the future are concerned. The book provides a very good overview of R&D activities at OEMs as well as in leading universities and laboratories; the special focus is on new ideas for sustainable mobility.

Precision Nanometrology describes the new field of precision nanometrology, which plays an important part in nanoscale manufacturing of semiconductors, optical elements, precision parts and similar items. It pays particular attention to the measurement of surface forms of precision workpieces and to stage motions of precision machines. The first half of the book is dedicated to the description of optical sensors for the measurement of angle and displacement, which are fundamental quantities for precision nanometrology. The second half presents a number of scanning-type measuring systems for surface forms and stage motions. The systems discussed include: * error separation algorithms and systems for measurement of straightness and roundness, * the measurement of micro-aspherics, * systems based on scanning probe microscopy, and * scanning image-sensor systems. Precision Nanometrology presents the fundamental and practical technologies of precision nanometrology with a helpful selection of algorithms, instruments and experimental data. It will be beneficial for researchers, engineers and postgraduate students involved in precision engineering, nanotechnology and manufacturing.

In recent years, rapid changes and improvements have been witnessed in the field of transformer condition monitoring and assessment, especially with the advances in computational intelligence techniques. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence applies a broad range of computational intelligence techniques to deal with practical transformer operation problems. The approaches introduced are presented in a concise and flowing manner, tackling complex transformer modelling problems and uncertainties occurring in transformer fault diagnosis. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence covers both the fundamental theories and the most up-to-date research in this rapidly changing field. Many examples have been included that use real-world measurements and realistic operating scenarios of power transformers to fully illustrate the use of computational intelligence techniques for a variety of transformer modelling and fault diagnosis problems. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence is a useful book for professional engineers and postgraduate students. It also provides a firm foundation for advanced undergraduate students in power engineering.

Reliability theory is a multidisciplinary science aimed at developing complex systems that are resistant to failures. Reliability engineering has emerged as a main field not only for scientists and researchers, but also for engineers and industrial managers. This book covers the recent developments in reliability engineering. It presents new theoretical issues that were not previously published, as well as the solutions of practical problems and case studies illustrating the applications methodology. This book is written by a number of leading scientists, analysts, mathematicians, statisticians, and engineers who have been working on the front end of reliability science and engineering. Reliability Engineering: Theory and Applications covers the recent developments in reliability engineering. It presents new theoretical issues that were not previously presented in the literature, as well as the solutions of important practical problems and case studies illustrating the applications methodology. Features Covers applications to reliability engineering practice Discusses current advances and developments Introduces current achievements in the field Considers and analyses case studies along with real world examples Presents numerous examples to illustrate the theoretical results

Service orientation is emerging nowadays at multiple organizational levels in enterprise business, and it leverages technology in response to the growing need for greater business integration, flexibility and agility of manufacturing enterprises.

The "Service Oriented Architecture" (SOA) analysed throughout the book represents a technical architecture, a business modelling concept, a type of infrastructure, an integration source and a new way of viewing units of automation within the enterprise. The primary goal of SOA is to align the "business world" with the world of "information technology" in a way that makes both more effective.

The service value creation model at enterprise level consists of using a Service Component Architecture for business process applications, based on entities which handle services. In this view a service is a piece of software encapsulating the business/control logic or resource functionality of an enterprise entity that exhibits an individual competence and responds to a specific request to fulfil a local (operation) or global objective (batch production). The value creation model is based on a 2-stage approach:

"Agentification" complex manufacturing processes are split in services provided by informational agents which are discovered, accessed and executed. This leads to a modular, reusable, agile and easy integrate integration.

"Holonification" holons link the material flow and physical entities of the manufacturing processes with the informational part (IT services realized by distributed intelligence) facilitating thus traceability the developing of flexible control systems.

This book gathers contributions from scientists, researchers and industrialists on concepts, methods, frameworks and implementing issues addressing trends in the "service orientation" of control technology and management applied to manufacturing enterprise.

This book gathers contributions from scientists, researchers and industrialists on concepts, methods, frameworks and implementing issues addressing trends in the "service orientation" of control technology and management applied to manufacturing enterprise. "

This contributed volume collects the scientific results of the DFG Priority Program 1180 Prediction and Manipulation of the Interactions between Structures and Processes. The research program has been conducted during the years 2005 and 2011, whereas the primary goal was the analysis of the interactions between processes and structures in modern production facilities. This book presents the findings of the 20 interdisciplinary subprojects, focusing on different manufacturing processes such as high performance milling, tool grinding or metal forming. It contains experimental investigations as well as mathematical modeling of production processes and machine interactions. New experimental advancements and novel simulation approaches are also included.

This volume gathers the peer reviewed papers which were presented at the 5th edition of the International Workshop "Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-agent Man-ufacturing - SOHOMA'15" organized in November 5-6, 2015 by the Institute for Manufacturing (IfM) of the University of Cambridge, UK in collaboration with the CIMR Research Centre in Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Robotics of the University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, the LAMIH Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambresis, France and the CRAN Re-search Centre for Automatic Control, Nancy of the University of Lorraine, France.The book is structured in seven parts, each one grouping a number of chapters de-scribing research in actual domains of the digital transformation in manufacturing and trends in future manufacturing control: (1) Applications of Intelligent Products; (2) Advances in Control of Physical Internet and Interconnected Logistics; (3) Sustaina-bility Issues in Intelligent Manufacturing Systems; (4) Holonic and Multi-agent Sys-tem Design for Industry and Services; (5) Service Oriented Enterprise Management and Control; (6) Cloud and Computing-oriented Manufacturing; (7) Smart Grids and Wireless Sensor Networks.These seven evolution lines have in common concepts, methodologies and imple-menting solutions for the Digital Transformation of Manufacturing. The book offers an integrated vision on complexity, big data and virtualization in service- and compu-ting-oriented manufacturing, combining emergent information and communication technologies, control with distributed intelligence and MAS implementation for total

This book describes the latest research developments in modeling and simulation in industrial engineering. Topics such as decision and performance analysis and industrial control systems are described. Case studies in industry and services as well as engineering economy and cost estimation are also covered.

This extensive work is the first dictionary in the field of automatic control to cover the technical terms of the field in these eight languages. It will certainly prove itself a valuable aid to all control engineers and systems scientists and will undoubtedly become the recognized standard for the technical terms in this field.

Engineers and scientists will also find it a great help when writing research papers for publication in English language journals and preparing oral presentations at scientific conferences. This unique dictionary contains over 1600 terms covering the entire field of control and automation, derived from the technical committees of IFAC (the International Federation of Automatic Control) and the conferences that it organizes.

To facilitate its use in all eight languages the dictionary is divided into two main sections. Firstly, the 1600 technical terms are arranged alphabetically in English with their equivalents in the other languages listed along the page. The second section consists of alphabetical listings in the other seven languages with each term numbered to correspond with the English term in the first section. The Chinese, Japanese and Russian entries all appear in their own alphabet and with roman transliterations to permit wider use.

Published by Pergamon in collaboration with IFAC, the International Federation of Automatic Control.

This book systematically discusses the modeling and application of transfer manipulation for flexible electronics packaging, presenting multiple processes according to the geometric sizes of the chips and devices as well as the detailed modeling and computation steps for each process. It also illustrates the experimental design of the equipment to help readers easily learn how to use it. This book is a valuable resource for scholars and graduate students in the research field of microelectronics.

Statistical timing analysis is an area of growing importance in nanometer te- nologies' as the uncertainties associated with process and environmental var- tions increase' and this chapter has captured some of the major efforts in this area. This remains a very active field of research' and there is likely to be a great deal of new research to be found in conferences and journals after this book is published. In addition to the statistical analysis of combinational circuits' a good deal of work has been carried out in analyzing the effect of variations on clock skew. Although we will not treat this subject in this book' the reader is referred to [LNPS00' HN01' JH01' ABZ03a] for details. 7 TIMING ANALYSIS FOR SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 7.1 INTRODUCTION A general sequential circuit is a network of computational nodes (gates) and memory elements (registers). The computational nodes may be conceptualized as being clustered together in an acyclic network of gates that forms a c- binational logic circuit. A cyclic path in the direction of signal propagation 1 is permitted in the sequential circuit only if it contains at least one register . In general, it is possible to represent any sequential circuit in terms of the schematic shown in Figure 7.1, which has I inputs, O outputs and M registers. The registers outputs feed into the combinational logic which, in turn, feeds the register inputs. Thus, the combinational logic has I + M inputs and O + M outputs.

This book outlines the methodologies, approaches and tools for modelling chemicals in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective, and also covers the main advantages and drawbacks of applying LCA to chemical processes. In the first part of this book, authors pay close attention to the limitations of modelling the environmental and social impacts of chemical processes, providing valuable insights to the problems of the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis for chemical processes. In the second part of this book, readers will learn about the LCA application to chemical processes in the laboratory and industrial scale. In each chapter of this book, readers will also find specific case studies on the modelling and application of LCA in the chemical industry.

Control charts are widely used in industry to monitor processes that are far from Zero-Defect (ZD), and their use in a near Zero-Defect manufacturing environment poses many problems. This book presents techniques of using control charts for high-quality processes, and some recent findings and applications of statistical control chart techniques for ZD processes are presented.

A powerful technique based on counting of the cumulative conforming (CCC) items between two nonconforming ones is discussed in detail. Extensions of the CCC chart are described, as well as applications of cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving average techniques to CCC-related data, multivariate methods, economic design of control chart procedures, and modeling and analysis of trended but regularly adjusted processes.

Many examples, charts, and procedures, are presented throughout the book, and references are provided for those interested in exploring the details. A number of questions and issues are posed for further investigations. Researchers and students may find many ideas in this book useful in their academic work, as a foundation is laid for the exploration of many further theoretical and practical issues.

Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes deals with technological and economic aspects of hydrogen selective membranes application in hydrogen production chemical processes. Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes starts with an overview of membrane integration in the chemical reaction environment, formulating the thermodynamics and kinetics of membrane reactors and assessing the performance of different process architectures. Then, the state of the art of hydrogen selective membranes, membrane manufacturing processes and the mathematical modeling of membrane reactors are discussed. A review of the most useful applications from an industrial point of view is given. These applications include: natural gas steam reforming, autothermal reforming, water gas shift reaction, decomposition of hydrogen sulphide, and alkanes dehydrogenation. The final part is dedicated to the description of a pilot plant where the novel configuration was implemented at a semi-industrial scale. Plant engineers, researchers and postgraduate students will find Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes a comprehensive guide to the state of the art of membrane reactor technology.

The advent of the digital economy has the potential to dramatically change the conventional interrelationships among individuals, enterprises and society. There can be little doubt that to achieve vigorous socioeconomic developments in the 21st century, people will have to aggressively use information technology to boost innovation and to organically link the results of that innovation to solutions to global environmental issues and social challenges such as the opportunity divide. We are responsible for taking advantage of the opportunities opened up by the digital economy and for turning those opportunities into things that reflect our values and goals. The book examines the overall impact of the digital economy and the development of a practical institutional design.

"Control Performance Management in Industrial Automation "provides a coherent and self-contained treatment of a group of methods and applications of burgeoning importance to the detection and solution of problems with control loops that are vital in maintaining product quality, operational safety, and efficiency of material and energy consumption in the process industries. The monograph deals with all aspects of control performance management (CPM), from controller assessment (minimum-variance-control-based and advanced methods), to detection and diagnosis of control loop problems (process non-linearities, oscillations, actuator faults), to the improvement of control performance (maintenance, re-design of loop components, automatic controller re-tuning). It provides a contribution towards the development and application of completely self-contained and automatic methodologies in the field. Moreover, within this work, many CPM tools have been developed that goes far beyond available CPM packages.

"Control Performance Management in Industrial Automation"

. presents a comprehensive review of control performance assessment methods;

. develops methods and procedures for the detection and diagnosis of the root-causes of poor performance in complex control loops;

. covers important issues that arise when applying these assessment and diagnosis methods;

. recommends new approaches and techniques for the optimization of control loop performance based on the results of the control performance stage; and

. offers illustrative examples and industrial case studies drawn from chemicals, building, mining, pulp and paper, mineral and metal processing industries.

This book will be of interest to academic and industrial staff working on control systems design, maintenance or optimisation in all process industries."

This work is the first and only book on the fundamentals of ultrasonic machining. It presents the foundations of dynamic and control for ultrasonic processing systems and considers ultrasonic systems as special vibratory machines that function by exploiting nonlinear dynamic processes. Recommendations are given for designing and tuning ultrasonic machines. The ultrasonic machines analyzed are predominantly concerned with the processing of solids.

Potential Function Methods For Approximately Solving Linear Programming Problems breaks new ground in linear programming theory. The book draws on the research developments in three broad areas: linear and integer programming, numerical analysis, and the computational architectures which enable speedy, high-level algorithm design. During the last ten years, a new body of research within the field of optimization research has emerged, which seeks to develop good approximation algorithms for classes of linear programming problems. This work both has roots in fundamental areas of mathematical programming and is also framed in the context of the modern theory of algorithms. The result of this work, in which Daniel Bienstock has been very much involved, has been a family of algorithms with solid theoretical foundations and with growing experimental success. This book will examine these algorithms, starting with some of the very earliest examples, and through the latest theoretical and computational developments.

Presenting the concept and design and implementation of configurable intelligent optimization algorithms in manufacturing systems, this book provides a new configuration method to optimize manufacturing processes. It provides a comprehensive elaboration of basic intelligent optimization algorithms, and demonstrates how their improvement, hybridization and parallelization can be applied to manufacturing. Furthermore, various applications of these intelligent optimization algorithms are exemplified in detail, chapter by chapter. The intelligent optimization algorithm is not just a single algorithm; instead it is a general advanced optimization mechanism which is highly scalable with robustness and randomness. Therefore, this book demonstrates the flexibility of these algorithms, as well as their robustness and reusability in order to solve mass complicated problems in manufacturing. Since the genetic algorithm was presented decades ago, a large number of intelligent optimization algorithms and their improvements have been developed. However, little work has been done to extend their applications and verify their competence in solving complicated problems in manufacturing. This book will provide an invaluable resource to students, researchers, consultants and industry professionals interested in engineering optimization. It will also be particularly useful to three groups of readers: algorithm beginners, optimization engineers and senior algorithm designers. It offers a detailed description of intelligent optimization algorithms to algorithm beginners; recommends new configurable design methods for optimization engineers, and provides future trends and challenges of the new configuration mechanism to senior algorithm designers.

The well documented increase in the use of high performance composites as structural materials in aerospace components is continuously raising the demands in terms of dynamic performance, structural integrity, reliable life monitoring systems and adaptive actuating abilities. Current technologies address the above issues separately; material property tailoring and custom design practices aim to the enhancement of dynamic and damage tolerance characteristics, whereas life monitoring and actuation is performed with embedded sensors that may be detrimental to the structural integrity of the component. This publication explores the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as an additive in the matrix of Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP), for producing structural composites with improved mechanical performance as well as sensing/actuating capabilities. The successful combination of the CNT properties and existing sensing actuating technologies leads to the realization of a multifunctional FRP structure. The current volume presents the state of the art research in this field. The contributions cover all the aspects of the novel composite systems, i.e. modeling from nano to macro scale, enhancement of structural efficiency, dispersion and manufacturing, integral health monitoring abilities, Raman monitoring, as well as the capabilities that ordered carbon nanotube arrays offer in terms of sensing and/or actuating in aerospace composites.

This textbook arms the reader with powerful techniques of Modern TRIZ self-training and real problem solving. It is designed as a simple and efficient, step-by-step crash course in primary TRIZ models based on the author's methods of extraction and reinvention, or retrieval of invention models from any real-life objects. Special content addresses the psychological support of the person during problem solving and promotion of the new idea to realization. The book introduces the so-called Theory of Developing the Creative Personality (TDCP), initiated but not completed by Genrikh Altshuller, father of TRIZ and TDCP. The textbook continues to develop a simple standard model presentation of the problem solving process with a four-step Meta-Algorithm of Invention (MAI) T-R-I-Z.

This book covers design of experiments (DoE) applied in production engineering as a combination of manufacturing technology with applied management science. It presents recent research advances and applications of design experiments in production engineering and the chapters cover metal cutting tools, soft computing for modelling and optmization of machining, waterjet machining of high performance ceramics, among others.

This textbook deals with optimization of dynamic systems. The motivation for undertaking this task is as follows: There is an ever increasing need to produce more efficient, accurate, and lightweight mechanical and electromechanical de vices. Thus, the typical graduating B.S. and M.S. candidate is required to have some familiarity with techniques for improving the performance of dynamic systems. Unfortunately, existing texts dealing with system improvement via optimization remain inaccessible to many of these students and practicing en gineers. It is our goal to alleviate this difficulty by presenting to seniors and beginning graduate students practical efficient techniques for solving engineer ing system optimization problems. The text has been used in optimal control and dynamic system optimization courses at the University of Deleware, the University of Washington and Ohio University over the past four years. The text covers the following material in a straightforward detailed manner: * Static Optimization: The problem of optimizing a function that depends on static variables (i.e., parameters) is considered. Problems with equality and inequality constraints are addressed. * Numerical Methods: Static Optimization: Numerical algorithms for the solution of static optimization problems are presented here. The methods presented can accommodate both the unconstrained and constrained static optimization problems. * Calculus of Variation: The necessary and sufficient conditions for the ex tremum of functionals are presented. Both the fixed final time and free final time problems are considered.

The Engineering Ethics in Southern African textbook has been written specifically for engineers in this geographical region. Not only does it provide an overview of moral philosophy and the various ethical approaches that can be applied in the engineering field, but it shares what it means to be a professional engineer in Southern Africa and provides insight into both professional and community expectations.

Local engineering case studies have been chosen to highlight ethical dilemmas and conflicts that can arise, and various ethical approaches have been applied to them to explain their cause and consequence(s).

Readers will find that this textbook not only provides them with invaluable knowledge for their careers as professional engineers, but that it will continue to encourage them to think ethically in their lives as professional engineers engaged in engineering projects and engineering activities.

The causes and impacts of power disturbances on both sides of the user-utility interface are discussed, and the results of power quality surveys are reviewed. Desirable attributes of monitoring equipment are discussed along with approaches that can be taken by the electric utilities to improve the quality of the power delivered to customers. Users of sensitive devices, such as computers and health care equipment, are given information on power quality improvement equipment, such as uninterruptible power supplies. Includes a glossary.