This book provides extensive and novel insights into transport phenomena in MnSi, paving the way for applying the topology and chirality of spin textures to the development of spintronics devices. In particular, it describes in detail the key measurements, e.g. magnetoresistance and nonlinear electronic transport, and multiple material-fabrication techniques based on molecular beam epitaxy, ion-beam microfabrication and micromagnetic simulation. The book also reviews key aspects of B20-type MnSi chiral magnets, which host magnetic skyrmions, nanoscale objects formed by helical spatial spin structures. Readers are then introduced to cutting-edge findings on the material. Furthermore, by reviewing the author's successful experiments, the book provides readers with a valuable update on the latest achievements in the measurement and fabrication of magnetic materials in spintronics.

Fabrication technologies for nanostructured devices have been developed recently, and the electrical and optical properties of such nanostructures are a subject of advanced research.This book describes the different approaches to spectroscopic microscopy, i.e., Electron Beam Probe Spectroscopy, Spectroscopic Photoelectron Microscopy, and Scanning Probe Spectroscopy. It will be useful as a compact source of reference for the experienced reseracher, taking into account at the same time the needs of postgraduate students and nonspecialist researchers by using a tutorial approach throughout.

This thesis presents two significant results in the field of precision measurements in low-energy nuclear physics. Firstly, it presents a precise half-life determination of 11C, leading to the most precise ft-value for a beta decay transition between mirror nuclides, an important advance in the testing of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. Secondly, it describes a high-precision mass measurement of 56Cu, a critical nucleus for determining the path of the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process, performed by the author using the LEBIT Penning trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. This new measurement resolves discrepancies in previously-reported calculated mass excesses. In addition, the thesis also presents the construction and testing of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher that will be part of the future N = 126 factory at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at producing nuclei of interest for the astrophysical rapid-neutron capture process for the first time.

This book presents a selection of advanced lectures from leading researchers, providing recent theoretical results on strongly coupled quantum field theories. It also analyzes their use for describing new quantum states, which are physically realizable in condensed matter, cold-atomic systems, as well as artificial materials. It particularly focuses on the engineering of these states in quantum devices and novel materials useful for quantum information processing. The book offers graduate students and young researchers in the field of modern condensed matter theory an updated review of the most relevant theoretical methods used in strongly coupled field theory and string theory. It also provides the tools for understanding their relevance in describing the emergence of new quantum states in a variety of physical settings. Specifically, this proceedings book summarizes new and previously unrelated developments in modern condensed matter physics, in particular: the interface of condensed matter theory and quantum information theory; the interface of condensed matter physics and the mathematics emerging from the classification of the topological phases of matter, such as topological insulators and topological superconductors; and the simulation of condensed matter systems with cold atoms in optical lattices.

SESSION 1- DESIGN ASPECTS - 1.1 Single Focusing Magnetic Deflection Mass Spectrometers - 1.2 The Design of Double Focusing Magnetic Deflection Instruments - 1.3 A New Cycloidal Mass Spectrometer - 1.4 A Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer - 1.5 Recent Developments in the Quadrupole Mass Filter - SESSION 2 - PHYSICAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS - 2.1 A Fast-scan Mass Spectrometer for Residual Gas Analysis and the Examination of Effluents from Gas Chromatography Columns - 2.2 Flavour Research with a Low Cost Fast-scan Mass Spectrometer - 2.3 A Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Linkup Recent Developments - 2.4 A Small 1800 Deflection Partial Pressure-Total Pressure Gauge for Vacuum System Diagnosis - 2.5 A Cycloidal Mass Spectrometer Applied to the Measurement of the Speed of Sputter Ion Pumps - 2.6 The Sorption of Gases by Thin Films - SESSION 3 - CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS I - 3.1 The Use of a Quadrupole Mass Filter in the Study of a Reacting Surface - 3.2 Mass-spectrometric Investigation of the Formation of Di-imide by the Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrazine at Low Pressures on Platinum - 3.3 Rearrangement Processes in the Fragmentation of Organic Ions - 3.4 A Novel Ion in the Mass Spectra of Arylureas and Related Compounds - 3.5 Mass Spectra of Some Substituted Cyclotetrazenoboranes - 3.6 The Decomposition of 9,1O-Diphenylanthracene Under Electron Impact - SESSION 4 - CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS II - 4.1 Use of Multiplet Peaks in the Examination of High Molecular Weight Petroleum Fractions - 4.2 Inorganic Analysis of Spark Source Mass Spectrometry - 4.3 An Examination of Metal Chelates by Mass Spectrometry - 4.4 Data Handling and Instrumentation in the A.W.R.E. Mass Spectrometers - SYMPOSIUM IMPRESSIONS - INDEX

This series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and materials science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered.

Impact Factor Ranking: Always number one in Polymer Science. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: www.springerlink.com

This thesis presents several related advances in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. The central result is an ingenious proof that the local temperature and voltage measurement in a nonequilibrium system of fermions exists and is unique, placing the concept of local temperature on a rigorous mathematical footing for the first time. As an intermediate step, a proof of the positivity of the Onsager matrix of linear response theory is given -- a statement of the second law of thermodynamics that had lacked an independent proof for 85 years. A new experimental method to measure the local temperature of an electron system using purely electrical techniques is also proposed, which could enable improvements to the spatial resolution of thermometry by several orders of magnitude. Finally, a new mathematically-exact definition for the local entropy of a quantum system in a nonequilibrium steady state is derived. Several different measures of the local entropy are discussed, relating to the thermodynamics of processes that a local observer with varying degrees of information about the microstates of the system could carry out, and it is shown that they satisfy a hierarchy of inequalities. Proofs of the third law of thermodynamics for generic open quantum systems are presented, taking into account the entropic contribution due to localized states. Appropriately normalized (per-state) local entropies are defined and are used to quantify the departure from local equilibrium.

This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the symposium titled "In situ Spectroscopy in Monomer and Polymer Synthesis," held at the April, 2001 ACS National Meeting in San Diego, California, USA. The co-organizers of this symposium were Timothy Long, Judit E. Puskas, Robson F. Storey, and J. Andrews. In situ spectroscopic monitoring is gaining popularity both in academia and industry. FfIR monitoring is used most frequently, but UV-visible, raman, and NMR spectroscopy are also important. This book concentrates mostly on FfIR monitoring, both in the near and mid-infrared ranges. The first chapter is a short general overview of FfIR spectroscopy, followed by the symposium contribu tions. We thought that this would be especially useful for student readers. We hope that the book will present a state-of-the-art overview of research related to in situ spectroscopic monitoring. -Judit E. Puskas ix Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the dedicated effort of the chapter contributors and the symposium committee: Professor Judit E. Puskas Professor Timothy Long Professor Robson F. Storey Professor J. Andrews The symposium was financially supported by: ACS-Petroleum Research Fund REMSPEC Co. Wyatt Technology Co."

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

This book presents experimental studies on emergent transport and magneto-optical properties in three-dimensional topological insulators with two-dimensional Dirac fermions on their surfaces. Designing magnetic heterostructures utilizing a cutting-edge growth technique (molecular beam epitaxy) stabilizes and manifests new quantization phenomena, as confirmed by low-temperature electrical transport and time-domain terahertz magneto-optical measurements. Starting with a review of the theoretical background and recent experimental advances in topological insulators in terms of a novel magneto-electric coupling, the author subsequently explores their magnetic quantum properties and reveals topological phase transitions between quantum anomalous Hall insulator and trivial insulator phases; a new topological phase (the axion insulator); and a half-integer quantum Hall state associated with the quantum parity anomaly. Furthermore, the author shows how these quantum phases can be significantly stabilized via magnetic modulation doping and proximity coupling with a normal ferromagnetic insulator. These findings provide a basis for future technologies such as ultra-low energy consumption electronic devices and fault-tolerant topological quantum computers.

This book offers a complete and well-organized review of the latest advances made in developing ultra-weak chemiluminescence techniques for analytical applications. It systematically introduces the current theories, mechanisms, instruments, technologies, and real applications of ultra-weak chemiluminescence. Compared to books devoted to the normal chemiluminescence and bioluminescence, this book covers a wide range of ultra-weak chemiluminescence based on inorganic chemical reactions and nanotechnology from a principle and practical point of view. This book is intended for readers who are interested in expanding their knowledge of chemiluminescence and employing ultra-weak chemiluminescence techniques to develop new detection methods for analytical applications.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of spin dynamics and magnetic damping. It discusses the various ways to tune damping, specifically, dynamic and static control in a ferromagnetic layer/heavy metal layer. In addition, it addresses all optical detection techniques for the investigation of modulation of damping, for example, the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique.

This thesis lays the groundwork for producing a new class of ultracold molecule by associating an alkali-metal atom and a closed-shell alkaline-earth-like atom, specifically Cs and Yb. Such molecules exhibit both a magnetic dipole moment and an electric dipole moment in their ground state. This extra degree of freedom opens up new avenues of research including the study of exotic states of matter, the shielding of molecular collisions and the simulation of lattice spin models. In detail, the thesis reports the first and only ultracold mixture of Cs and Yb in the world, giving details of the methods used to cool such contrasting atomic species together. Using sensitive two-colour photoassociation measurements to measure the binding energies of the near-threshold CsYb molecular levels in the electronic ground state has allowed the previously unknown scattering lengths to be accurately determined for all the Cs-Yb isotopic combinations. As part of this work, the one-photon photoassociation of ultracold Cs*Yb is also studied, yielding useful information on the excited-state potential. Knowledge of the scattering lengths enables a strategy to be devised to cool both species to quantum degeneracy and, crucially, determines the positions of interspecies Feshbach resonances required for efficient association of ground-state CsYb molecules. With these results, the prospect of bringing a new molecule into the ultracold regime has become considerably closer.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an analytical tool used by chemists and physicists to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. In recent years, no other technique has grown to such importance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science when precise structural determination is required and when the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied. "Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy" has established itself as a premier means for the specialist and non-specialist alike to become familiar with new techniques and applications of NMR spectroscopy.
* Provides updates on the latest developments in NMR spectroscopy
* Includes comprehensive review articles
* Highlights the increasing importance of NMR spectroscopy as a technique for structural determination

Quantitative elucidation of structural, energetic and dynamic aspects of macromolecular interactions is indispensable for understanding the functional activities of biomolecules and their interactions. The optical spectroscopic methods are not confined to small molecules or macromolecules but permit the studies of even the largest biological systems in their full splendor, including the living cell. In, Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study properties of individual macromolecules, their complexes, organelles, and cells, using optical spectroscopic techniques. These include methods and approaches for experimental and theoretical analyses of fluorescence properties of the examined systems, single molecule approaches, electronic absorption, and electro-optical analyses of macromolecular interactions, structures, and dynamics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(tm) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis : Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of optical spectroscopic methods.

This book comprises selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the 7th Topical Conference of the Indian Society of Atomic and Molecular Physics, jointly held at IISER Tirupati and IIT Tirupati, India. The contributions address current topics of interest in atomic and molecular physics, both from the theoretical and experimental perspective. The major focus areas include quantum collisions, spectroscopy of atomic and molecular clusters, photoionization, Wigner time delay in collisions, laser cooling, Bose-Einstein condensates, atomic clocks, quantum computing, and trapping and manipulation of quantum systems. The book also discusses emerging topics such as ultrafast quantum processes including those at the attosecond time-scale. This book will prove to be a valuable reference for students and researchers working in the field of atomic and molecular physics.

This book is based on the best contributions to the advancement of bioimpedance knowledge and use from the Latin American Congress series, CLABIO. Basic bioimpedance facts as well as promising and original contributions to bioimpedance theory and applications are presented, giving the reader stimulating material for reflection, decision making, and further experiments. Contributions come from a diverse international pool of experts and address topics on electrode and skin impedance modelling, tomography, spectroscopy, instrumentation, and clinical applications.

NMR has become the most diverse spectroscopic tool available to date in biomedical research. It is now routinely used to study biomolecular structure and dynamics particularly as a result of recent developments of a cascade of highly sophisticated multidimensional NMR pulse sequences, and of advances in genetic engineering to produce biomolecules, uniformly or selectively enriched with 13C, 15N and 2H.

Features of this book:

- Provides an up-to-date treatment of NMR techniques and their application to problems of biomedical interest

- Most refined multidimensional pulse sequences including the basic aspects are covered by leading NMR spectroscopists.

The book will be useful to NMR spectroscopists, biochemists, and to molecular biologists interested in the use of NMR techniques for solving biological problems.

Covers application of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) in extraction of aromatics and polyaromatics from fuel oil by Liquid-Liquid extraction Studies eutectic behavior with respect to hydrocarbon and aqueous solutions Describes molecular dynamics insights of extraction by DES Explores possible industrial applicability of potential DES Includes results from Gaussian, NAMD and PACKMOL software packages

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This book deals with the study of superconductivity in systems with coexisting wide and narrow bands. It has been previously suggested that superconductivity can be enhanced in systems with coexisting wide and narrow bands when the Fermi level is near the narrow band edge. In this book, the authors study two problems concerning this mechanism in order to: (a) provide a systematic understanding of the role of strong electron correlation effects, and (b) propose a realistic candidate material which meets the ideal criteria for high-Tc superconductivity. Regarding the role of strong correlation effects, the FLEX+DMFT method is adopted. Based on systematic calculations, the pairing mechanism is found to be indeed valid even when the strong correlation effect is considered within the formalism. In the second half of the book, the authors propose a feasible candidate material by introducing the concept of the "hidden ladder" electronic structure, arising from the combination of the bilayer lattice structure and the anisotropic orbitals of the electrons. As such, the book contributes a valuable theoretical guiding principle for seeking unknown high-Tc superconductors.

This book covers novel research results for process and techniques of materials characterization for a wide range of materials. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the aspects of structural and chemical characterization of these materials. The articles contained in this book covers state of the art and experimental techniques commonly used in modern materials characterization. The book includes theoretical models and numerous illustrations of structural and chemical characterization properties.

This volume highlights the potentials as well as the limits and challenges of human breath analysis and describes the current efforts made to advance this promising technology from bench to bed. Human breath analysis is a young, interdisciplinary and innovative research field aiming to provide a smart and non-invasive diagnostic tool, which can be used for screening, detecting and monitoring of diseases or metabolic disorders. This book presents different approaches for breath analysis including real-time and offline mass spectrometry as well as optical and semiconductor gas sensing methods. Besides, the role of smart algorithms to improve the performance of those technologies and the importance of pulmonary function diagnostics for more reliable and meaningful breath analysis are highlighted. Finally, current application scenarios and future perspectives of breath analysis and pulmonary functioning tests are addressed. The volume is useful for researchers, who are new in the field, to easily get an overview of the current status and the challenges present in human breath analysis. Topics from fundamental research over targeted sensor development and application scenarios are described. Thus, this volume covers all development stages providing support and inspiration for engineers, medical doctors and scientists from various fields.

This thesis presents and discusses recent optical low-temperature experiments on disordered NbN, granular Al thin-films, and the heavy-fermion compound CeCoIn5, offering a unified picture of quantum-critical superconductivity. It provides a concise introduction to the respective theoretical models employed to interpret the experimental results, and guides readers through in-depth calculations supplemented with supportive figures in order to both retrace the interpretations and span the bridge between experiment and state-of-the art theory.